首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Automotive Technology最新文献

英文 中文
Investigations of Solid Particle Erosion on the Flow Channel Walls of a Radial Turbine for Diesel Engine Applications 用于柴油发动机的径向涡轮机流道壁上的固体颗粒侵蚀研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00089-5
Ma Chao, Sun Yangli, Wang Quan, Chen Gang

Carbon particles, a primary component of diesel engine emissions, cause persistent erosion in the exhaust piping system, inevitably leading to performance degradation. This erosion can result in reduced fuel economy and increased emissions. The effects of three key parameters including solid particle size, turbine U/C operating conditions and rotational speed on the erosion characteristics of the flow channels of a radial turbine for vehicle diesel engine applications and their impact on performance were investigated through numerical simulations in the study. The findings indicate that larger particle size and higher rotational speed can significantly lead to the higher erosion rate density of the volute channel and casing wall surfaces. Reducing U/C does not substantially affect the distribution of erosion rate density. Centrifugal force will play an important role in the variation of erosion distribution characteristics. Compared to U/C, the other two key parameters are sensitive factors affecting turbine performance degradation. Under the same condition for operating 5000 h, 10 μm particles cause a 7.5-fold increase in efficiency loss change rate compared to 0.5 μm particles. The efficiency loss at 140 krpm is 16 times greater than that at 40 krpm.

碳颗粒是柴油发动机排放物的主要成分,会对排气管道系统造成持续侵蚀,不可避免地导致性能下降。这种侵蚀会导致燃油经济性降低和排放增加。本研究通过数值模拟研究了固体颗粒大小、涡轮 U/C 运行条件和转速这三个关键参数对车用柴油发动机径向涡轮流道侵蚀特性的影响及其对性能的影响。研究结果表明,较大的颗粒尺寸和较高的转速可显著提高涡道和机壳壁表面的侵蚀率密度。降低 U/C 并不会对侵蚀率密度的分布产生实质性影响。离心力在侵蚀分布特征的变化中将发挥重要作用。与 U/C 相比,其他两个关键参数是影响水轮机性能下降的敏感因素。在运行 5000 h 的相同条件下,与 0.5 μm 颗粒相比,10 μm 颗粒导致的效率损失变化率增加了 7.5 倍。140 krpm 时的效率损失是 40 krpm 时的 16 倍。
{"title":"Investigations of Solid Particle Erosion on the Flow Channel Walls of a Radial Turbine for Diesel Engine Applications","authors":"Ma Chao, Sun Yangli, Wang Quan, Chen Gang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00089-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00089-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon particles, a primary component of diesel engine emissions, cause persistent erosion in the exhaust piping system, inevitably leading to performance degradation. This erosion can result in reduced fuel economy and increased emissions. The effects of three key parameters including solid particle size, turbine <i>U/C</i> operating conditions and rotational speed on the erosion characteristics of the flow channels of a radial turbine for vehicle diesel engine applications and their impact on performance were investigated through numerical simulations in the study. The findings indicate that larger particle size and higher rotational speed can significantly lead to the higher erosion rate density of the volute channel and casing wall surfaces. Reducing <i>U/C</i> does not substantially affect the distribution of erosion rate density. Centrifugal force will play an important role in the variation of erosion distribution characteristics. Compared to <i>U/C</i>, the other two key parameters are sensitive factors affecting turbine performance degradation. Under the same condition for operating 5000 h, 10 μm particles cause a 7.5-fold increase in efficiency loss change rate compared to 0.5 μm particles. The efficiency loss at 140 krpm is 16 times greater than that at 40 krpm.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling and Load Emulation Experimental Verification of a Vehicle Powertrain System Test Bench Based on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Transmission Shaft 基于刚柔耦合传动轴的汽车动力总成系统试验台的建模和负载模拟实验验证
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00077-9
Haodi Li, Yongping Hou, Peng Tang, Zhiguo Zhao

A long rigid-flexible coupling transmission shaft (RFCTS) is usually used to connect the dynamometer with the device under test (DUT) in semi-anechoic chamber. However, due to the parameter error and torsional vibration characteristic of RFCTS, load emulation loading accuracy of the test bench is lower. Therefore, the research focused on establishing a control-oriented vehicle powertrain system test bench (VPSTB) model based on RFCTS to further improve the load emulation loading accuracy. First, a 14-degrees of freedom (DOF) high-order lumped mass model of VPSTB is established, and the stiffness and moment of inertia equivalent parameters are obtained. Subsequently, a 7-DOF simplified control-oriented VPSTB model is established based on 14-DOF model, and the model parameters are identified by the recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) method with forgetting factor. Simultaneously, the natural frequency of 14-DOF high-order model and 7-DOF simplified model is calculated, then un-damped vibration response of the two models are compared and analyzed. Finally, simulation and experimental are carried out under open-loop and closed-loop conditions, which show that the effectiveness of 7-DOF simplified model parameters, and it also indicate that the 7-DOF simplified VPSTB model can achieve better loading accuracy of load emulation.

通常使用长刚柔耦合传动轴(RFCTS)来连接测功机和半消声室中的被测设备(DUT)。然而,由于 RFCTS 的参数误差和扭转振动特性,测试台的负载模拟加载精度较低。因此,研究重点是基于 RFCTS 建立面向控制的汽车动力总成系统试验台(VPSTB)模型,以进一步提高负载模拟加载精度。首先,建立了 VPSTB 的 14 自由度(DOF)高阶块状质量模型,并获得了刚度和惯性矩等效参数。随后,在 14-DOF 模型的基础上建立了面向控制的 7-DOF 简化 VPSTB 模型,并通过带遗忘因子的递归最小二乘估计(RLSE)方法确定了模型参数。同时,计算了 14-DOF 高阶模型和 7-DOF 简化模型的固有频率,并对两个模型的无阻尼振动响应进行了比较和分析。最后,在开环和闭环条件下进行了仿真和实验,结果表明 7-DOF 简化模型参数的有效性,同时也表明 7-DOF 简化 VPSTB 模型可以达到更好的负载仿真精度。
{"title":"Modeling and Load Emulation Experimental Verification of a Vehicle Powertrain System Test Bench Based on Rigid-Flexible Coupling Transmission Shaft","authors":"Haodi Li, Yongping Hou, Peng Tang, Zhiguo Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00077-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00077-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A long rigid-flexible coupling transmission shaft (RFCTS) is usually used to connect the dynamometer with the device under test (DUT) in semi-anechoic chamber. However, due to the parameter error and torsional vibration characteristic of RFCTS, load emulation loading accuracy of the test bench is lower. Therefore, the research focused on establishing a control-oriented vehicle powertrain system test bench (VPSTB) model based on RFCTS to further improve the load emulation loading accuracy. First, a 14-degrees of freedom (DOF) high-order lumped mass model of VPSTB is established, and the stiffness and moment of inertia equivalent parameters are obtained. Subsequently, a 7-DOF simplified control-oriented VPSTB model is established based on 14-DOF model, and the model parameters are identified by the recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) method with forgetting factor. Simultaneously, the natural frequency of 14-DOF high-order model and 7-DOF simplified model is calculated, then un-damped vibration response of the two models are compared and analyzed. Finally, simulation and experimental are carried out under open-loop and closed-loop conditions, which show that the effectiveness of 7-DOF simplified model parameters, and it also indicate that the 7-DOF simplified VPSTB model can achieve better loading accuracy of load emulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DE-NOx/CO Performance According to Ag Loading Amount and Support Type of H2-SCR 根据 H2-SCR 的含银量和支持类型确定 DE-NOx/CO 性能
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00088-6
Choong-kil Seo

This study aims to investigate the NOx/CO reduction characteristics of harmful gases according to the loading amount of active Ag, which plays the most important role in H2-SCR, and the type of support. H2-SCR with Ag loaded on support of TiO2 was reduced to Ag+ at about 140 °C in AgO oxide, and H2-SCR with Ag loaded on support of Al2O3 was reduced to Ag clusters (Agnδ+) at about 260 °C in AgO oxide. Because it is more unstable than AgO oxide, it promoted the chemical reaction of Ag. 0.5Ag/TiO2 H2-SCR showed the highest NOx conversion rate of about 18% at 200 °C, and the window width was also widened. 2Ag/Al2O3 H2-SCR improved the low-temperature activity of the catalyst due to its large specific surface area and the loading amount of active catalyst Ag. Although the harmful gas reduction performance has decreased significantly compared to the active material Pt used in the H2-SCR, research on active materials considering the performance the improvement and economic feasibility must be continued.

本研究旨在根据在 H2-SCR 中起最重要作用的活性银的负载量和支持物的类型,研究有害气体的 NOx/CO 还原特性。以 TiO2 为载体的 H2-SCR 在氧化 AgO 中约 140 ℃ 时被还原成 Ag+,而以 Al2O3 为载体的 H2-SCR 在氧化 AgO 中约 260 ℃ 时被还原成 Ag 簇(Agnδ+)。由于 Al2O3 比氧化 AgO 更不稳定,它促进了 Ag 的化学反应。0.5Ag/TiO2 H2-SCR 在 200 ℃ 时的氮氧化物转化率最高,约为 18%,窗口宽度也有所扩大。2Ag/Al2O3 H2-SCR 由于具有较大的比表面积和活性催化剂 Ag 的负载量,提高了催化剂的低温活性。虽然与 H2-SCR 中使用的活性材料铂相比,有害气体还原性能明显下降,但考虑到性能改善和经济可行性,活性材料的研究仍需继续。
{"title":"DE-NOx/CO Performance According to Ag Loading Amount and Support Type of H2-SCR","authors":"Choong-kil Seo","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00088-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00088-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to investigate the NOx/CO reduction characteristics of harmful gases according to the loading amount of active Ag, which plays the most important role in H<sub>2</sub>-SCR, and the type of support. H<sub>2</sub>-SCR with Ag loaded on support of TiO<sub>2</sub> was reduced to Ag<sup>+</sup> at about 140 °C in AgO oxide, and H<sub>2</sub>-SCR with Ag loaded on support of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was reduced to Ag clusters (Ag<sub>n</sub><sup>δ+</sup>) at about 260 °C in AgO oxide. Because it is more unstable than AgO oxide, it promoted the chemical reaction of Ag. 0.5Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>-SCR showed the highest NOx conversion rate of about 18% at 200 °C, and the window width was also widened. 2Ag/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> H<sub>2</sub>-SCR improved the low-temperature activity of the catalyst due to its large specific surface area and the loading amount of active catalyst Ag. Although the harmful gas reduction performance has decreased significantly compared to the active material Pt used in the H<sub>2</sub>-SCR, research on active materials considering the performance the improvement and economic feasibility must be continued.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Considering Road Curvature 考虑道路曲率的智能车辆轨迹跟踪自适应模型预测控制
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00086-8
Yin Gao, Xudong Wang, Jianlong Huang, Lingcong Yuan

A parametric Adaptive Model Predictive Controller (AMPC) based on Particle Swarm Optimization-Back Propagation (PSO-BP) neural network has been developed in this paper, the primary focus is on improving the trajectory tracking performance of autonomous vehicles under varying road conditions. The PSO-BP neural network is employed for real-time adjustment of the controller's predictive horizon and sampling time. A vehicle dynamics model is established and an improved tracking control algorithm involving road curvature feedforward is proposed. In the design of AMPC, the real-time update of tire lateral stiffness is achieved through the adoption of the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method, ensuring the precision of trajectory tracking for the vehicle under varying operating conditions. The simulation platform, which combines Carsim and Simulink, was employed for validating the proposed approach. The findings reveal that the proposed controller can promptly adjust the predictive horizon and sampling time according to the vehicle's state. Through the employed estimation strategy, real-time adjustments of tire lateral stiffness are achieved, allowing for dynamic alterations of vehicle speed and front wheel angle in response to road curvature. As a result, this approach significantly enhances control accuracy and lateral steering stability, especially in large curvature conditions.

本文开发了一种基于粒子群优化-反向传播(PSO-BP)神经网络的参数化自适应模型预测控制器(AMPC),主要用于改善自动驾驶汽车在不同道路条件下的轨迹跟踪性能。PSO-BP 神经网络用于实时调整控制器的预测范围和采样时间。建立了车辆动力学模型,并提出了涉及道路曲率前馈的改进跟踪控制算法。在 AMPC 的设计中,通过采用递归最小二乘法(RLS)实现了轮胎侧向刚度的实时更新,确保了车辆在不同运行条件下的轨迹跟踪精度。仿真平台结合了 Carsim 和 Simulink,用于验证所提出的方法。研究结果表明,所提出的控制器可以根据车辆的状态及时调整预测范围和采样时间。通过所采用的估计策略,实现了对轮胎侧向刚度的实时调整,使车速和前轮角度能够根据路面曲率发生动态变化。因此,这种方法大大提高了控制精度和横向转向稳定性,尤其是在大曲率条件下。
{"title":"Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Considering Road Curvature","authors":"Yin Gao, Xudong Wang, Jianlong Huang, Lingcong Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00086-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00086-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A parametric Adaptive Model Predictive Controller (AMPC) based on Particle Swarm Optimization-Back Propagation (PSO-BP) neural network has been developed in this paper, the primary focus is on improving the trajectory tracking performance of autonomous vehicles under varying road conditions. The PSO-BP neural network is employed for real-time adjustment of the controller's predictive horizon and sampling time. A vehicle dynamics model is established and an improved tracking control algorithm involving road curvature feedforward is proposed. In the design of AMPC, the real-time update of tire lateral stiffness is achieved through the adoption of the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method, ensuring the precision of trajectory tracking for the vehicle under varying operating conditions. The simulation platform, which combines Carsim and Simulink, was employed for validating the proposed approach. The findings reveal that the proposed controller can promptly adjust the predictive horizon and sampling time according to the vehicle's state. Through the employed estimation strategy, real-time adjustments of tire lateral stiffness are achieved, allowing for dynamic alterations of vehicle speed and front wheel angle in response to road curvature. As a result, this approach significantly enhances control accuracy and lateral steering stability, especially in large curvature conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research and Implementation of an Embedded Traffic Sign Detection Model Using Improved YOLOV5 利用改进型 YOLOV5 研究并实现嵌入式交通标志检测模型
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00082-y
Tong Hu, Zhengwei Gong, Jun Song

This study proposes an embedded traffic sign detection system, YOLOV5-MCBS, based on an enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm. This system aims to mitigate the impact of traditional target detection algorithms’ high computational complexity and low detection accuracy on traffic sign detection performance, thereby improving accuracy and real-time performance. Our primary objective is to develop a lightweight network that enhances detection accuracy, enabling real-time detection on embedded systems. First, to minimize computation and model size, we replaced the original YOLOv5 algorithm’s backbone feature network with a lightweight MobileNetV3 network. Subsequently, we introduced the convolutional block attention module into the neck network to optimize the feature fusion stage’s attention and enhance model detection accuracy. Concurrently, we employed the bidirectional feature pyramid network in the neck layer for multi-scale feature fusion. Additionally, we incorporated a small target detection layer into the original network output layer to enhance detection performance. What’s more, we transplanted the enhanced algorithm into a Raspberry Pi embedded system to validate its real-time detection performance. Finally, we conducted computer simulations to assess our algorithm’s performance by comparing it with existing target detection algorithms. Experimental results suggest that the enhanced algorithm achieves an average precision mean (mAP @ 0.5) value of 95.3% and frames per second value of 91.1 on the embedded system.

本研究提出了一种基于增强型 YOLOv5 算法的嵌入式交通标志检测系统 YOLOV5-MCBS。该系统旨在减轻传统目标检测算法的高计算复杂性和低检测准确性对交通标志检测性能的影响,从而提高准确性和实时性。我们的主要目标是开发一种能提高检测精度的轻量级网络,从而在嵌入式系统上实现实时检测。首先,为了最大限度地减少计算量和模型大小,我们用轻量级的 MobileNetV3 网络取代了原 YOLOv5 算法的主干特征网络。随后,我们在颈部网络中引入了卷积块注意力模块,以优化特征融合阶段的注意力,提高模型检测精度。同时,我们在颈部层采用了双向特征金字塔网络进行多尺度特征融合。此外,我们还在原始网络输出层中加入了一个小型目标检测层,以提高检测性能。此外,我们还将增强算法移植到 Raspberry Pi 嵌入式系统中,以验证其实时检测性能。最后,我们进行了计算机仿真,通过与现有目标检测算法的比较来评估我们算法的性能。实验结果表明,增强算法在嵌入式系统上的平均精度平均值(mAP @ 0.5)达到 95.3%,每秒帧数达到 91.1。
{"title":"Research and Implementation of an Embedded Traffic Sign Detection Model Using Improved YOLOV5","authors":"Tong Hu, Zhengwei Gong, Jun Song","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00082-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00082-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes an embedded traffic sign detection system, YOLOV5-MCBS, based on an enhanced YOLOv5 algorithm. This system aims to mitigate the impact of traditional target detection algorithms’ high computational complexity and low detection accuracy on traffic sign detection performance, thereby improving accuracy and real-time performance. Our primary objective is to develop a lightweight network that enhances detection accuracy, enabling real-time detection on embedded systems. First, to minimize computation and model size, we replaced the original YOLOv5 algorithm’s backbone feature network with a lightweight MobileNetV3 network. Subsequently, we introduced the convolutional block attention module into the neck network to optimize the feature fusion stage’s attention and enhance model detection accuracy. Concurrently, we employed the bidirectional feature pyramid network in the neck layer for multi-scale feature fusion. Additionally, we incorporated a small target detection layer into the original network output layer to enhance detection performance. What’s more, we transplanted the enhanced algorithm into a Raspberry Pi embedded system to validate its real-time detection performance. Finally, we conducted computer simulations to assess our algorithm’s performance by comparing it with existing target detection algorithms. Experimental results suggest that the enhanced algorithm achieves an average precision mean (mAP @ 0.5) value of 95.3% and frames per second value of 91.1 on the embedded system.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attitude Tracking Control of All-Terrain Vehicle with Tandem Active–Passive Suspension 带串联式主被动悬架的全地形车姿态跟踪控制
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00085-9
Liang Wu, Weizhou Zhang, Liwei Ni, Weiwei Jia, Iljoong Youn

When vehicles with traditional passive suspension systems are driving on complex pavement, the large vibration of the body will result in relatively negative effects on ride comfort, vehicle handling, and stability of passengers and goods. Body attitude tracking control based on tandem active–passive suspension can improve vehicle attitude stability and passability by enabling the body attitude to track an ideal position. In addition, the performance limitations of the actuator are considered in the design of the attitude tracking control algorithms. The attitude tracking performances are investigated in both simulations and real car tests. Two control algorithms which adopt linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and model predictive control (MPC) algorithms, are compared and analyzed in terms of theory and control performance. The simulations and real car tests results show that both attitude tracking control algorithms can effectively track the ideal body attitude with acceptable errors under different pavements, and the control effect of MPC is slightly better than that of LQR. In this way, attitude tracking of car body shows a lot of potential when a vehicle is in harsh environments.

采用传统被动悬架系统的车辆在复杂路面上行驶时,车身的大幅振动会对乘坐舒适性、车辆操控性以及乘客和货物的稳定性造成相对负面的影响。基于串联式主被动悬架的车身姿态跟踪控制可使车身姿态跟踪到理想位置,从而提高车辆姿态的稳定性和通过性。此外,在设计车身姿态跟踪控制算法时还考虑了执行器的性能限制。在模拟和实车测试中对姿态跟踪性能进行了研究。在理论和控制性能方面,对采用线性二次调节器(LQR)和模型预测控制(MPC)算法的两种控制算法进行了比较和分析。仿真和实车测试结果表明,两种姿态跟踪控制算法都能在不同路面条件下以可接受的误差有效跟踪理想车身姿态,其中 MPC 的控制效果略优于 LQR。因此,当车辆处于恶劣环境时,车身姿态跟踪显示出很大的潜力。
{"title":"Attitude Tracking Control of All-Terrain Vehicle with Tandem Active–Passive Suspension","authors":"Liang Wu, Weizhou Zhang, Liwei Ni, Weiwei Jia, Iljoong Youn","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00085-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00085-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When vehicles with traditional passive suspension systems are driving on complex pavement, the large vibration of the body will result in relatively negative effects on ride comfort, vehicle handling, and stability of passengers and goods. Body attitude tracking control based on tandem active–passive suspension can improve vehicle attitude stability and passability by enabling the body attitude to track an ideal position. In addition, the performance limitations of the actuator are considered in the design of the attitude tracking control algorithms. The attitude tracking performances are investigated in both simulations and real car tests. Two control algorithms which adopt linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and model predictive control (MPC) algorithms, are compared and analyzed in terms of theory and control performance. The simulations and real car tests results show that both attitude tracking control algorithms can effectively track the ideal body attitude with acceptable errors under different pavements, and the control effect of MPC is slightly better than that of LQR. In this way, attitude tracking of car body shows a lot of potential when a vehicle is in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parallel Parking Path Planning and Tracking Control Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm 基于模拟退火算法的平行停车路径规划和跟踪控制
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00087-7
Leiyan Yu, Yongpeng Cai, Xiangbo Feng, Yuanxue Zhou, Zihua Hu, Meilan Tian, Shaohua Sun

To address the issues of curvature discontinuity and terminal tire non-return in the parallel parking of autonomous vehicles, a novel parallel parking path planning method based on the combination of the quintic polynomial curve and an improved sigmoid function was proposed. First, a vehicle kinematic model was established. Second, considering the position, front wheel angle, and yaw angle constraints during the parking process, a hybrid superimposed curve was designed. The parking path planning problem was converted into an optimal control problem, with the maximum curvature and curvature at both ends as objective functions, and the parameters were optimized using the simulated annealing algorithm. Subsequently, for path tracking control, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to optimize the prediction time horizon of the model predictive control algorithm. Finally, a series of actual vehicle experiments were conducted based on the Apollo Autonomous Driving Developer Suite, and the effectiveness of the proposed path planning method was validated. Therefore, this method can provide a certain reference for automatic parking path planning technology.

为解决自动驾驶汽车并行泊车中的曲率不连续和终端轮胎不回位问题,提出了一种基于五次多项式曲线和改进的sigmoid函数组合的新型并行泊车路径规划方法。首先,建立了车辆运动学模型。其次,考虑到停车过程中的位置、前轮角和偏航角约束,设计了一条混合叠加曲线。将停车路径规划问题转化为最优控制问题,以最大曲率和两端曲率为目标函数,利用模拟退火算法对参数进行优化。随后,在路径跟踪控制方面,利用模拟退火算法优化了模型预测控制算法的预测时间范围。最后,基于阿波罗自动驾驶开发套件进行了一系列实车实验,验证了所提路径规划方法的有效性。因此,该方法可为自动泊车路径规划技术提供一定的参考。
{"title":"Parallel Parking Path Planning and Tracking Control Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm","authors":"Leiyan Yu, Yongpeng Cai, Xiangbo Feng, Yuanxue Zhou, Zihua Hu, Meilan Tian, Shaohua Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00087-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00087-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the issues of curvature discontinuity and terminal tire non-return in the parallel parking of autonomous vehicles, a novel parallel parking path planning method based on the combination of the quintic polynomial curve and an improved sigmoid function was proposed. First, a vehicle kinematic model was established. Second, considering the position, front wheel angle, and yaw angle constraints during the parking process, a hybrid superimposed curve was designed. The parking path planning problem was converted into an optimal control problem, with the maximum curvature and curvature at both ends as objective functions, and the parameters were optimized using the simulated annealing algorithm. Subsequently, for path tracking control, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to optimize the prediction time horizon of the model predictive control algorithm. Finally, a series of actual vehicle experiments were conducted based on the Apollo Autonomous Driving Developer Suite, and the effectiveness of the proposed path planning method was validated. Therefore, this method can provide a certain reference for automatic parking path planning technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on Energy Consumption Optimization Control Strategy of Electric Vehicle Electric Drive Oil/Water Cooling System 电动汽车电驱动油水冷却系统能耗优化控制策略研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00047-1
Xuanyao Wang, Youwang Feng

The electric drive thermal management system of electric vehicles is an important part of electric vehicles. To improve the cooling effect of the electric drive system and reduce energy consumption, a cooling scheme combining the spray oil cooling of the motor end winding with the cooling water jacket of the motor shell and the water cooling in the motor shaft is proposed. Based on the electric drive cooling system framework of electric vehicles, a fuzzy logic control strategy is established. The flow rate and heat dissipation in the system are optimized by controlling the rotation speed of the oil/water cooling pump and the radiator fan, which further reduces the energy consumption of the system. In addition, through the co-simulation of AMESim and Simulink, under the same simulation time, the simulation comparison and analysis are carried out under SFTP-US06 and WLTC conditions, respectively. The power loss of fuzzy logic control is 9% and 28% lower than that of switching control, and 21% and 25% lower than that of PID control, respectively.

电动汽车的电力驱动热管理系统是电动汽车的重要组成部分。为提高电驱动系统的冷却效果,降低能耗,提出了电机端绕组喷油冷却与电机外壳冷却水套、电机轴水冷却相结合的冷却方案。基于电动汽车的电力驱动冷却系统框架,建立了模糊逻辑控制策略。通过控制油/水冷却泵和散热器风扇的转速,优化了系统的流量和散热量,进一步降低了系统能耗。此外,通过 AMESim 和 Simulink 的协同仿真,在相同的仿真时间内,分别在 SFTP-US06 和 WLTC 条件下进行了仿真对比和分析。结果表明,模糊逻辑控制的功率损耗分别比开关控制低 9% 和 28%,比 PID 控制低 21% 和 25%。
{"title":"Research on Energy Consumption Optimization Control Strategy of Electric Vehicle Electric Drive Oil/Water Cooling System","authors":"Xuanyao Wang, Youwang Feng","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00047-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00047-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electric drive thermal management system of electric vehicles is an important part of electric vehicles. To improve the cooling effect of the electric drive system and reduce energy consumption, a cooling scheme combining the spray oil cooling of the motor end winding with the cooling water jacket of the motor shell and the water cooling in the motor shaft is proposed. Based on the electric drive cooling system framework of electric vehicles, a fuzzy logic control strategy is established. The flow rate and heat dissipation in the system are optimized by controlling the rotation speed of the oil/water cooling pump and the radiator fan, which further reduces the energy consumption of the system. In addition, through the co-simulation of AMESim and Simulink, under the same simulation time, the simulation comparison and analysis are carried out under SFTP-US06 and WLTC conditions, respectively. The power loss of fuzzy logic control is 9% and 28% lower than that of switching control, and 21% and 25% lower than that of PID control, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Adverse Effect and Control of Semi-active Inertial Suspension of Hub Motor Driven Vehicles 轮毂电机驱动车辆半主动惯性悬架的不利影响与控制
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00075-x
Liu Yanling, Shi Dongyin, Yang Xiaofeng, Song Hang, Shen Yujie

Recently, hub motor driven vehicles (HMDV) have been recognized as the ideal configuration of electric vehicles in the future. However, the adverse effect of its special structure configuration seriously affects the vehicles dynamic performance, and becomes the bottleneck of its further development and industrial application. In this paper, the characteristics of inertial suspension adjusting vertical motion inertia are utilized to suppress the HMDV adverse effect. Firstly, the coupling model of vehicle suspension and hub motor is established, and the coupling excitation of road surface and unbalanced electromagnetic force on vehicle suspension is studied. Aiming at the influence mechanism of the adverse effect, an inertial suspension model of the skyhook and groundhook (SH-GH) algorithm is established. Moreover, with the primary goal of improving the ride comfort, an inertial suspension and the mixed skyhook and power-driven-damper (SH-PDD) algorithm are combined. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize suspension performance. The results show that the RMS value of body acceleration, unbalanced radial force and dynamic tire load of inertial suspension decreased by 10.91%, 50% and 8.53%. It is proved that its characteristics can effectively suppress the HMDV adverse effects. The SH-GH inertial suspension also further reduces the vehicle performance index. The SH-PDD inertial suspension reduces the RMS value of body acceleration by 27.45%, significantly improves the vehicle ride comfort. In general, the inertial suspension proposed in this paper can effectively suppress the adverse effect of HMDV vertical vibration, and improve the HMDV ride comfort and road friendliness. It provides a new direction for the research of suppressing the adverse effect of HMDV vertical vibration.

最近,轮毂电机驱动汽车(HMDV)被认为是未来电动汽车的理想配置。然而,其特殊结构配置所带来的负面效应严重影响了车辆的动态性能,成为其进一步发展和产业化应用的瓶颈。本文利用惯性悬架调整垂直运动惯性的特性来抑制 HMDV 的不良影响。首先,建立了车辆悬架与轮毂电机的耦合模型,研究了路面和不平衡电磁力对车辆悬架的耦合激励。针对不良效应的影响机理,建立了天钩和地钩(SH-GH)算法的惯性悬架模型。此外,以提高驾乘舒适性为主要目标,将惯性悬架与混合天钩和动力驱动减震器(SH-PDD)算法相结合。利用粒子群优化(PSO)来优化悬架性能。结果表明,惯性悬架的车身加速度、不平衡径向力和动胎载荷的均方根值分别降低了 10.91%、50% 和 8.53%。证明其特性可有效抑制 HMDV 的不利影响。SH-GH 惯性悬架也进一步降低了车辆性能指标。SH-PDD 惯性悬架使车身加速度均方根值降低了 27.45%,显著提高了车辆的乘坐舒适性。总的来说,本文提出的惯性悬架能有效抑制 HMDV 垂直振动的不利影响,提高 HMDV 的乘坐舒适性和道路友好性。这为抑制 HMDV 垂直振动不利影响的研究提供了新的方向。
{"title":"The Adverse Effect and Control of Semi-active Inertial Suspension of Hub Motor Driven Vehicles","authors":"Liu Yanling, Shi Dongyin, Yang Xiaofeng, Song Hang, Shen Yujie","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00075-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00075-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, hub motor driven vehicles (HMDV) have been recognized as the ideal configuration of electric vehicles in the future. However, the adverse effect of its special structure configuration seriously affects the vehicles dynamic performance, and becomes the bottleneck of its further development and industrial application. In this paper, the characteristics of inertial suspension adjusting vertical motion inertia are utilized to suppress the HMDV adverse effect. Firstly, the coupling model of vehicle suspension and hub motor is established, and the coupling excitation of road surface and unbalanced electromagnetic force on vehicle suspension is studied. Aiming at the influence mechanism of the adverse effect, an inertial suspension model of the skyhook and groundhook (SH-GH) algorithm is established. Moreover, with the primary goal of improving the ride comfort, an inertial suspension and the mixed skyhook and power-driven-damper (SH-PDD) algorithm are combined. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to optimize suspension performance. The results show that the RMS value of body acceleration, unbalanced radial force and dynamic tire load of inertial suspension decreased by 10.91%, 50% and 8.53%. It is proved that its characteristics can effectively suppress the HMDV adverse effects. The SH-GH inertial suspension also further reduces the vehicle performance index. The SH-PDD inertial suspension reduces the RMS value of body acceleration by 27.45%, significantly improves the vehicle ride comfort. In general, the inertial suspension proposed in this paper can effectively suppress the adverse effect of HMDV vertical vibration, and improve the HMDV ride comfort and road friendliness. It provides a new direction for the research of suppressing the adverse effect of HMDV vertical vibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Power Consumption on BOP System in a Fuel Cell Electric Bus According to the Fuel Cell Load Range 根据燃料电池负载范围分析燃料电池电动公交车 BOP 系统的功耗
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00064-0
Yebeen Kim, Jiwoong Kim, Kyoungdoug Min

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in a fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) converts hydrogen's chemical energy into electrical energy. The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a balance of plant (BOP) system, which efficiently controls the stack. Fuel cell and battery are sensitive to operational temperature, which directly impacts performance, lifespan, and safety. Therefore, a thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to maintain an appropriate temperature by dissipating the heat generated by the fuel cell and battery. In this study, the exponential or quadratic relationships between the power consumption of the major components of an FCEB and various factors, such as temperature and flow rate influencing the operational behavior and control of the components, were analyzed based on the results of a dynamometer vehicle test. Additionally, the vehicle's energy flow was calculated under different fuel cell load conditions. When the fuel cell operated at 56.3 kW, TMS power was 6.6 times higher than at 20 kW. At full load, under 90 kW, it increased to 17.4 times higher. The rise in fuel cell load correlated with higher heat generation, resulting in a significant increase in power consumption for both the radiator fan and coolant pump.

燃料电池电动公交车(FCEB)中的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)可将氢的化学能转化为电能。燃料电池系统由燃料电池堆和设备平衡(BOP)系统组成,后者可有效控制燃料电池堆。燃料电池和电池对工作温度非常敏感,会直接影响性能、寿命和安全性。因此,有必要使用热管理系统(TMS),通过散发燃料电池和电池产生的热量来保持适当的温度。在本研究中,根据测功机车辆测试的结果,分析了燃料电池和电池主要组件的功耗与影响组件运行行为和控制的各种因素(如温度和流速)之间的指数或二次关系。此外,还计算了不同燃料电池负载条件下的车辆能量流。当燃料电池以 56.3 kW 的功率运行时,TMS 功率是 20 kW 功率的 6.6 倍。在满负荷(90 千瓦以下)时,功率增加到 17.4 倍。燃料电池负载的增加与发热量的增加有关,导致散热器风扇和冷却剂泵的功耗显著增加。
{"title":"Analysis of Power Consumption on BOP System in a Fuel Cell Electric Bus According to the Fuel Cell Load Range","authors":"Yebeen Kim, Jiwoong Kim, Kyoungdoug Min","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00064-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00064-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in a fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) converts hydrogen's chemical energy into electrical energy. The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a balance of plant (BOP) system, which efficiently controls the stack. Fuel cell and battery are sensitive to operational temperature, which directly impacts performance, lifespan, and safety. Therefore, a thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to maintain an appropriate temperature by dissipating the heat generated by the fuel cell and battery. In this study, the exponential or quadratic relationships between the power consumption of the major components of an FCEB and various factors, such as temperature and flow rate influencing the operational behavior and control of the components, were analyzed based on the results of a dynamometer vehicle test. Additionally, the vehicle's energy flow was calculated under different fuel cell load conditions. When the fuel cell operated at 56.3 kW, TMS power was 6.6 times higher than at 20 kW. At full load, under 90 kW, it increased to 17.4 times higher. The rise in fuel cell load correlated with higher heat generation, resulting in a significant increase in power consumption for both the radiator fan and coolant pump.</p>","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Automotive Technology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1