Abstract Blockchain-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the blockchain Internet of things (BIoT) are two major focuses of the modern technological revolution. Currently we have security attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), address resolution protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks, various phishing and configuration threats, network congestion, etc. on the existing CPS and IoT architectures. This study conducts a complete survey on the flaws of the present centralized IoT system’s peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and the CPS architecture’s machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Both these architectures could use the inherent consensus algorithms and cryptographic advantages of blockchain technology. To show how blockchain technology can resolve the flaws of the existing CPS and IoT architectures while maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability (the CIA triad), we conduct a holistic survey here on this topic and discuss the research focus in the domain of the BIoT. Then we analyse the similarities and dissimilarities of blockchain technology in IoT and CPS architectures. Finally, it is well understood that one should explore whether blockchain technology will give advantages to CPS and IoT applications through a decision support system (DSS) with a relevant mathematical model, so here we provide the DSS with such a model for this purpose.
{"title":"A Holistic Study on the Use of Blockchain Technology in CPS and IoT Architectures Maintaining the CIA Triad in Data Communication","authors":"A. Bhattacharjya","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Blockchain-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the blockchain Internet of things (BIoT) are two major focuses of the modern technological revolution. Currently we have security attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), address resolution protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks, various phishing and configuration threats, network congestion, etc. on the existing CPS and IoT architectures. This study conducts a complete survey on the flaws of the present centralized IoT system’s peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and the CPS architecture’s machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Both these architectures could use the inherent consensus algorithms and cryptographic advantages of blockchain technology. To show how blockchain technology can resolve the flaws of the existing CPS and IoT architectures while maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability (the CIA triad), we conduct a holistic survey here on this topic and discuss the research focus in the domain of the BIoT. Then we analyse the similarities and dissimilarities of blockchain technology in IoT and CPS architectures. Finally, it is well understood that one should explore whether blockchain technology will give advantages to CPS and IoT applications through a decision support system (DSS) with a relevant mathematical model, so here we provide the DSS with such a model for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"403 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78732673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The evaluation of system performance plays an increasingly important role in the reliability analysis of cyber-physical systems. Factors of external instability affect the evaluation results in complex systems. Taking the running gear in high-speed trains as an example, its complex operating environment is the most critical factor affecting the performance evaluation design. In order to optimize the evaluation while improving accuracy, this paper develops a performance evaluation method based on slow feature analysis and a hidden Markov model (SFA-HMM). The utilization of SFA can screen out the slowest features as HMM inputs, based on which a new HMM is established for performance evaluation of running gear systems. In addition to directly classical performance evaluation for running gear systems of high-speed trains, the slow feature statistic is proposed to detect the difference in the system state through test data, and then eliminate the error evaluation of the HMM in the stable state. In addition, indicator planning and status classification of the data are performed through historical information and expert knowledge. Finally, a case study of the running gear system in high-speed trains is discussed. After comparison, the result shows that the proposed method can enhance evaluation performance.
{"title":"An SFA–HMM Performance Evaluation Method Using State Difference Optimization for Running Gear Systems in High–Speed Trains","authors":"Chao Cheng, Meng Wang, Jiuhe Wang, Junjie Shao, Hongtian Chen","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The evaluation of system performance plays an increasingly important role in the reliability analysis of cyber-physical systems. Factors of external instability affect the evaluation results in complex systems. Taking the running gear in high-speed trains as an example, its complex operating environment is the most critical factor affecting the performance evaluation design. In order to optimize the evaluation while improving accuracy, this paper develops a performance evaluation method based on slow feature analysis and a hidden Markov model (SFA-HMM). The utilization of SFA can screen out the slowest features as HMM inputs, based on which a new HMM is established for performance evaluation of running gear systems. In addition to directly classical performance evaluation for running gear systems of high-speed trains, the slow feature statistic is proposed to detect the difference in the system state through test data, and then eliminate the error evaluation of the HMM in the stable state. In addition, indicator planning and status classification of the data are performed through historical information and expert knowledge. Finally, a case study of the running gear system in high-speed trains is discussed. After comparison, the result shows that the proposed method can enhance evaluation performance.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"108 1","pages":"389 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91064537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper describes a new RBF-FD based technique to compute quadrature weights on the sphere. In the proposed method, the sphere is divided into rectangles in the latitude-azimuth coordinate system, and the function is integrated over each rectangle using RBF interpolation. The method is easy to implement and its accuracy is comparable to that based on SPH expansions. One advantage of the proposed method is its ability to handle non-uniform node distributions. On this respect, we propose a new algorithm to cluster nodes in regions of steep changes in the function. It is a repulsion-based algorithm with a non-uniform distribution of electrical charges. We show that, using node clustering, the accuracy of the method can be significantly improved.
{"title":"RBF Based Quadrature on the Sphere","authors":"M. Kindelan, P. González-Rodríguez, Diego Álvarez","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes a new RBF-FD based technique to compute quadrature weights on the sphere. In the proposed method, the sphere is divided into rectangles in the latitude-azimuth coordinate system, and the function is integrated over each rectangle using RBF interpolation. The method is easy to implement and its accuracy is comparable to that based on SPH expansions. One advantage of the proposed method is its ability to handle non-uniform node distributions. On this respect, we propose a new algorithm to cluster nodes in regions of steep changes in the function. It is a repulsion-based algorithm with a non-uniform distribution of electrical charges. We show that, using node clustering, the accuracy of the method can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"467 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73506656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Models are proposed to describe the heart’s action potential. A system of stochastic differential equations is used to recreate pathological behaviour in the heart such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and also AVNRT with conduction aberration. Part of the population has abnormal accessory pathways: fast and slow. An additional pathway is not always induced, since the deterministic model is not proper due to a stochasticity in this process. Introduction of a stochastic term allows modelling a pre-excitation perturbation (such as unexpected excitation by premature contractions in atrium (PAC)) which triggers the mechanism of AVNRT. Also, a system of AVNRT with additional conduction aberration, which is a rare type of arrhythmia, is considered. The aim of this work is to propose a mathematical model superior to the deterministic one that recreates this disease better and allows understanding its mechanism and physical dependencies, which may help to propose a new therapy of AVNRT. Results are illustrated with numerical solutions.
{"title":"Stochastic Models of the Slow/Fast Type of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia and Tachycardia with Conduction Aberration","authors":"B. Jackowska-Zduniak","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Models are proposed to describe the heart’s action potential. A system of stochastic differential equations is used to recreate pathological behaviour in the heart such as atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and also AVNRT with conduction aberration. Part of the population has abnormal accessory pathways: fast and slow. An additional pathway is not always induced, since the deterministic model is not proper due to a stochasticity in this process. Introduction of a stochastic term allows modelling a pre-excitation perturbation (such as unexpected excitation by premature contractions in atrium (PAC)) which triggers the mechanism of AVNRT. Also, a system of AVNRT with additional conduction aberration, which is a rare type of arrhythmia, is considered. The aim of this work is to propose a mathematical model superior to the deterministic one that recreates this disease better and allows understanding its mechanism and physical dependencies, which may help to propose a new therapy of AVNRT. Results are illustrated with numerical solutions.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"429 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84376990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An output-feedback decentralised formation control strategy is pursued under pole-region constraints, assuming that the agents have access to relative position measurements with respect to a set of neighbors in a graph describing the sensing topology. No communication between the agents is assumed; however, a shared one-way communication channel with a pilot is needed for steering tasks. Each agent has a separate copy of the same controller. A virtual structure approach is presented for the formation steering as a whole; actual formation control is established via cone-complementarity linearization algorithms for the appropriate matrix inequalities. In contrast to other research where only stable consensus is pursued, the proposed method allows us to specify settling-time, damping and bandwidth limitations via pole regions. In addition, a full methodology for the decoupled handling of steering and formation control is provided. Simulation results in the example section illustrate the approach.
{"title":"Decentralized Multi–Agent Formation Control with Pole–Region Placement via Cone–Complementarity Linearization","authors":"A. Gonzalez, A. Sala, L. Armesto","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An output-feedback decentralised formation control strategy is pursued under pole-region constraints, assuming that the agents have access to relative position measurements with respect to a set of neighbors in a graph describing the sensing topology. No communication between the agents is assumed; however, a shared one-way communication channel with a pilot is needed for steering tasks. Each agent has a separate copy of the same controller. A virtual structure approach is presented for the formation steering as a whole; actual formation control is established via cone-complementarity linearization algorithms for the appropriate matrix inequalities. In contrast to other research where only stable consensus is pursued, the proposed method allows us to specify settling-time, damping and bandwidth limitations via pole regions. In addition, a full methodology for the decoupled handling of steering and formation control is provided. Simulation results in the example section illustrate the approach.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"415 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79927557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Molina-Gil, P. Caballero-Gil, A. Quesada-Arencibia, G. D. Blasio
Abstract Promoting the use of public transport is increasingly urgent in our society, both to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution and stress levels, and to ensure the high level of mobility demanded by citizens. The lack of continuous on-trip assistance for public transport users discourages many travellers. Thus, the main objective of this work is to design a personal digital travel companion for outdoor location and event detection based on Bluetooth Low Energy, which can be used for intelligent transport technology. After analysing the functional requirements, the proposal is implemented as a mobile application for beacon-based event detection. The system includes an algorithm aided by fuzzy logic to determine the action to be carried out by the user at all times, being able to distinguish between different possible events when more than one beacon is detected. To defend the scheme against possible attacks based on beacon forgery or user tracking, the proposal includes different forms of authentication for data sent from beacons and data sent from the mobile application. The results obtained in simulations show that the proposed system is a viable guidance solution for public transport, including energy saving as one of its main advantages.
{"title":"Application of Fuzzy Logic in a Secure Beacon–Based Guidance System for Public Transportation","authors":"J. Molina-Gil, P. Caballero-Gil, A. Quesada-Arencibia, G. D. Blasio","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Promoting the use of public transport is increasingly urgent in our society, both to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution and stress levels, and to ensure the high level of mobility demanded by citizens. The lack of continuous on-trip assistance for public transport users discourages many travellers. Thus, the main objective of this work is to design a personal digital travel companion for outdoor location and event detection based on Bluetooth Low Energy, which can be used for intelligent transport technology. After analysing the functional requirements, the proposal is implemented as a mobile application for beacon-based event detection. The system includes an algorithm aided by fuzzy logic to determine the action to be carried out by the user at all times, being able to distinguish between different possible events when more than one beacon is detected. To defend the scheme against possible attacks based on beacon forgery or user tracking, the proposal includes different forms of authentication for data sent from beacons and data sent from the mobile application. The results obtained in simulations show that the proposed system is a viable guidance solution for public transport, including energy saving as one of its main advantages.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"371 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85016940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A method is proposed which aims at reducing the number of LUTs in the circuits of FPGA-based Mealy finite state machines (FSMs) with transformation of collections of outputs into state codes. The reduction is achieved due to the use of two-component state codes. Such an approach allows reducing the number of state variables compared with FSMs based on extended codes. There are exactly three levels of LUTs in the resulting FSM circuit. Each partial function is represented by a single-LUT circuit. The proposed method is illustrated with an example of synthesis. The experiments were conducted using standard benchmarks. They show that the proposed method produces FSM circuits with significantly smaller LUT counts compared with those produced by other investigated methods (Auto and One-hot of Vivado, JEDI, and transformation of output collection codes into extended state codes). The LUT count is decreased by, on average, from 9.86% to 59.64%. The improvement of the LUT count is accompanied by a slightly improved performance. The maximum operating frequency is increased, on average, from 2.74% to 12.93%. The advantages of the proposed method become more pronounced with increasing values of FSM inputs and state variables.
{"title":"Improving the LUT Count for Mealy FSMS with Transformation of Output Collections","authors":"A. Barkalov, L. Titarenko, M. Mazurkiewicz","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method is proposed which aims at reducing the number of LUTs in the circuits of FPGA-based Mealy finite state machines (FSMs) with transformation of collections of outputs into state codes. The reduction is achieved due to the use of two-component state codes. Such an approach allows reducing the number of state variables compared with FSMs based on extended codes. There are exactly three levels of LUTs in the resulting FSM circuit. Each partial function is represented by a single-LUT circuit. The proposed method is illustrated with an example of synthesis. The experiments were conducted using standard benchmarks. They show that the proposed method produces FSM circuits with significantly smaller LUT counts compared with those produced by other investigated methods (Auto and One-hot of Vivado, JEDI, and transformation of output collection codes into extended state codes). The LUT count is decreased by, on average, from 9.86% to 59.64%. The improvement of the LUT count is accompanied by a slightly improved performance. The maximum operating frequency is increased, on average, from 2.74% to 12.93%. The advantages of the proposed method become more pronounced with increasing values of FSM inputs and state variables.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"479 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76305241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In counter-terrorism actions, commanders are confronted with difficult and important challenges. Their decision-making processes follow military instructions and must consider the humanitarian aspect of the mission. In this paper, we aim to respond to the question: What would the casualties be if governmental forces reacted in a given way with given resources? Within a similar context, decision-support systems are required due to the variety and complexity of modern attacks as well as the enormous quantity of information that must be treated in real time. The majority of mathematical models are not suitable for real-time events. Therefore, we propose an analytical model for a time-dependent prediction of terrorist attacks (ATiPreTA). The output of our model is consistent with casualty data from two important terrorist events known in Tunisia: Bardo and Sousse attacks. The sensitivity and experimental analyses show that the results are significant. Some operational insights are also discussed.
{"title":"ATiPreTA: AN Analytical Model for Time–Dependent Prediction of Terrorist Attacks","authors":"O. Kebir, I. Nouaouri, Lilia Rejeb, L. B. Said","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In counter-terrorism actions, commanders are confronted with difficult and important challenges. Their decision-making processes follow military instructions and must consider the humanitarian aspect of the mission. In this paper, we aim to respond to the question: What would the casualties be if governmental forces reacted in a given way with given resources? Within a similar context, decision-support systems are required due to the variety and complexity of modern attacks as well as the enormous quantity of information that must be treated in real time. The majority of mathematical models are not suitable for real-time events. Therefore, we propose an analytical model for a time-dependent prediction of terrorist attacks (ATiPreTA). The output of our model is consistent with casualty data from two important terrorist events known in Tunisia: Bardo and Sousse attacks. The sensitivity and experimental analyses show that the results are significant. Some operational insights are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"495 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85061670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Patro, A. J. Prakash, S. Samantray, Joanna Plawiak, R. Tadeusiewicz, Paweł Pławiak
Abstract This paper presents a new customized hybrid approach for early detection of cardiac abnormalities using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is a bioelectrical signal that helps monitor the heart’s electrical activity. It can provide health information about the normal and abnormal physiology of the heart. Early diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities is critical for cardiac patients to avoid stroke or sudden cardiac death. The main aim of this paper is to detect crucial beats that can damage the functioning of the heart. Initially, a modified Pan–Tompkins algorithm identifies the characteristic points, followed by heartbeat segmentation. Subsequently, a different hybrid deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to experiment on standard and real-time long-term ECG databases. This work successfully classifies several cardiac beat abnormalities such as supra-ventricular ectopic beats (SVE), ventricular beats (VE), intra-ventricular conduction disturbances beats (IVCD), and normal beats (N). The obtained classification results show a better accuracy of 99.28% with an F1score of 99.24% with the MIT–BIH database and a descent accuracy of 99.12% with the real-time acquired database.
{"title":"A Hybrid Approach of a Deep Learning Technique for Real–Time ECG Beat Detection","authors":"K. K. Patro, A. J. Prakash, S. Samantray, Joanna Plawiak, R. Tadeusiewicz, Paweł Pławiak","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a new customized hybrid approach for early detection of cardiac abnormalities using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is a bioelectrical signal that helps monitor the heart’s electrical activity. It can provide health information about the normal and abnormal physiology of the heart. Early diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities is critical for cardiac patients to avoid stroke or sudden cardiac death. The main aim of this paper is to detect crucial beats that can damage the functioning of the heart. Initially, a modified Pan–Tompkins algorithm identifies the characteristic points, followed by heartbeat segmentation. Subsequently, a different hybrid deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to experiment on standard and real-time long-term ECG databases. This work successfully classifies several cardiac beat abnormalities such as supra-ventricular ectopic beats (SVE), ventricular beats (VE), intra-ventricular conduction disturbances beats (IVCD), and normal beats (N). The obtained classification results show a better accuracy of 99.28% with an F1score of 99.24% with the MIT–BIH database and a descent accuracy of 99.12% with the real-time acquired database.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"455 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74060957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A robust economic model predictive control approach that takes into account the reliability of actuators in a network is presented for the control of a drinking water network in the presence of uncertainties in the forecasted demands required for the predictive control design. The uncertain forecasted demand on the nominal MPC may make the optimization process intractable or, to a lesser extent, degrade the controller performance. Thus, the uncertainty on demand is taken into account and considered unknown but bounded in a zonotopic set. Based on this uncertainty description, a robust MPC is formulated to ensure robust constraint satisfaction, performance, stability as well as recursive feasibility through the formulation of an online tube-based MPC and an accompanying appropriate terminal set. Reliability is then modelled based on Bayesian networks, such that the resulting nonlinear function accommodated in the optimization setup is presented in a pseudo-linear form by means of a linear parameter varying representation, mitigating any additional computational expense thanks to the formulation as a quadratic optimization problem. With the inclusion of a reliability index to the economic dominant cost of the MPC, the network users’ requirements are met whilst ensuring improved reliability, therefore decreasing short and long term operational costs for water utility operators. Capabilities of the designed controller are demonstrated with simulated scenarios on the Barcelona drinking water network.
{"title":"Reliability–Aware Zonotopic Tube–Based Model Predictive Control of a Drinking Water Network","authors":"Khoury Boutrous, F. Nejjari, V. Puig","doi":"10.34768/amcs-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34768/amcs-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A robust economic model predictive control approach that takes into account the reliability of actuators in a network is presented for the control of a drinking water network in the presence of uncertainties in the forecasted demands required for the predictive control design. The uncertain forecasted demand on the nominal MPC may make the optimization process intractable or, to a lesser extent, degrade the controller performance. Thus, the uncertainty on demand is taken into account and considered unknown but bounded in a zonotopic set. Based on this uncertainty description, a robust MPC is formulated to ensure robust constraint satisfaction, performance, stability as well as recursive feasibility through the formulation of an online tube-based MPC and an accompanying appropriate terminal set. Reliability is then modelled based on Bayesian networks, such that the resulting nonlinear function accommodated in the optimization setup is presented in a pseudo-linear form by means of a linear parameter varying representation, mitigating any additional computational expense thanks to the formulation as a quadratic optimization problem. With the inclusion of a reliability index to the economic dominant cost of the MPC, the network users’ requirements are met whilst ensuring improved reliability, therefore decreasing short and long term operational costs for water utility operators. Capabilities of the designed controller are demonstrated with simulated scenarios on the Barcelona drinking water network.","PeriodicalId":50339,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"197 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89780752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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