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Reliability–Aware Zonotopic Tube–Based Model Predictive Control of a Drinking Water Network 基于可靠性感知分区管的饮水管网模型预测控制
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0015
Khoury Boutrous, F. Nejjari, V. Puig
Abstract A robust economic model predictive control approach that takes into account the reliability of actuators in a network is presented for the control of a drinking water network in the presence of uncertainties in the forecasted demands required for the predictive control design. The uncertain forecasted demand on the nominal MPC may make the optimization process intractable or, to a lesser extent, degrade the controller performance. Thus, the uncertainty on demand is taken into account and considered unknown but bounded in a zonotopic set. Based on this uncertainty description, a robust MPC is formulated to ensure robust constraint satisfaction, performance, stability as well as recursive feasibility through the formulation of an online tube-based MPC and an accompanying appropriate terminal set. Reliability is then modelled based on Bayesian networks, such that the resulting nonlinear function accommodated in the optimization setup is presented in a pseudo-linear form by means of a linear parameter varying representation, mitigating any additional computational expense thanks to the formulation as a quadratic optimization problem. With the inclusion of a reliability index to the economic dominant cost of the MPC, the network users’ requirements are met whilst ensuring improved reliability, therefore decreasing short and long term operational costs for water utility operators. Capabilities of the designed controller are demonstrated with simulated scenarios on the Barcelona drinking water network.
摘要针对预测控制设计中存在不确定性预测需求的饮用水管网控制问题,提出了一种考虑网络中执行机构可靠性的鲁棒经济模型预测控制方法。对标称MPC的不确定预测需求可能会使优化过程变得难以处理,或者在较小程度上降低控制器的性能。因此,考虑了需求的不确定性,并认为在分区集中是未知的但有界的。在此不确定性描述的基础上,通过制定在线管材MPC和相应的终端集,制定了鲁棒MPC,以保证鲁棒约束满足、性能、稳定性和递归可行性。然后基于贝叶斯网络对可靠性进行建模,这样,在优化设置中容纳的非线性函数通过线性参数变化表示以伪线性形式呈现,由于将公式作为二次优化问题而减轻了任何额外的计算费用。通过将可靠性指标纳入MPC的经济主导成本,在确保提高可靠性的同时满足了网络用户的要求,从而降低了水务公司运营商的短期和长期运营成本。设计的控制器的功能通过巴塞罗那饮用水网络的模拟场景进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
Joint Feature Selection and Classification for Positive Unlabelled Multi–Label Data Using Weighted Penalized Empirical Risk Minimization 基于加权惩罚经验风险最小化的正多标签数据联合特征选择与分类
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0023
Paweł Teisseyre
Abstract We consider the positive-unlabelled multi-label scenario in which multiple target variables are not observed directly. Instead, we observe surrogate variables indicating whether or not the target variables are labelled. The presence of a label means that the corresponding variable is positive. The absence of the label means that the variable can be either positive or negative. We analyze embedded feature selection methods based on two weighted penalized empirical risk minimization frameworks. In the first approach, we introduce weights of observations. The idea is to assign larger weights to observations for which there is a consistency between the values of the true target variable and the corresponding surrogate variable. In the second approach, we consider a weighted empirical risk function which corresponds to the risk function for the true unobserved target variables. The weights in both the methods depend on the unknown propensity score functions, whose estimation is a challenging problem. We propose to use very simple bounds for the propensity score, which leads to relatively simple forms of weights. In the experiments we analyze the predictive power of the methods considered for different labelling schemes.
摘要:我们考虑了多个目标变量不被直接观察到的正无标签多标签场景。相反,我们观察替代变量,指示目标变量是否被标记。标签的存在意味着对应的变量是正的。没有标签意味着变量可以是正的也可以是负的。我们分析了基于两个加权惩罚经验风险最小化框架的嵌入式特征选择方法。在第一种方法中,我们引入了观测值的权重。其思想是为真实目标变量和相应代理变量的值之间存在一致性的观测值分配更大的权重。在第二种方法中,我们考虑一个加权的经验风险函数,它对应于真实未观察目标变量的风险函数。两种方法的权重都依赖于未知的倾向得分函数,其估计是一个具有挑战性的问题。我们建议对倾向得分使用非常简单的界限,这导致相对简单的权重形式。在实验中,我们分析了不同标签方案所考虑的方法的预测能力。
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引用次数: 0
On Some Ways to Implement State–Multiplicative Fault Detection in Discrete–Time Linear Systems 离散线性系统状态乘性故障检测的几种实现方法
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0017
D. Krokavec, A. Filasová
Abstract New design conditions on the observer based residual filter design for the linear discrete-time linear systems with zoned system parameter faults are presented. With respect to time evolution of residual signals and with a guarantee of their robustness, the design task is stated in terms of linear matrix inequalities, while the recursive implementation of algorithms is motivated by the platform existence for real-time processing. A major objective is to analyze the configuration required and, in particular, a new characterization of the norm boundaries of the multiplicative zonal parametric faults to be projected onto the structure of the set of linear matrix inequalities.
摘要针对具有分区系统参数故障的线性离散线性系统,提出了基于观测器的残差滤波器设计的新设计条件。考虑残差信号的时间演化,在保证其鲁棒性的前提下,用线性矩阵不等式来表述设计任务,而算法的递归实现则是基于实时处理平台的存在。主要目的是分析所需的配置,特别是将乘法带参数断层的范数边界的新特征投影到线性矩阵不等式集的结构上。
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引用次数: 2
A Kalman Filter with Intermittent Observations and Reconstruction of Data Losses 具有间歇观测的卡尔曼滤波与数据丢失重建
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0018
T. Rhouma, J. Keller, M. Abdelkrim
Abstract This paper deals with the problem of joint state and unknown input estimation for stochastic discrete-time linear systems subject to intermittent unknown inputs on measurements. A Kalman filter approach is proposed for state prediction and intermittent unknown input reconstruction. The filter design is based on the minimization of the trace of the state estimation error covariance matrix under the constraint that the state prediction error is decoupled from active unknown inputs corrupting measurements at the current time. When the system is not strongly detectable, a sufficient stochastic stability condition on the mathematical expectation of the random state prediction errors covariance matrix is established in the case where the arrival binary sequences of unknown inputs follow independent random Bernoulli processes. When the intermittent unknown inputs on measurements represent intermittent observations, an illustrative example shows that the proposed filter corresponds to a Kalman filter with intermittent observations having the ability to generate a minimum variance unbiased prediction of measurement losses.
摘要研究了测量上存在间歇未知输入的随机离散线性系统的联合状态和未知输入估计问题。提出了一种用于状态预测和间歇性未知输入重构的卡尔曼滤波方法。该滤波器的设计基于状态估计误差协方差矩阵轨迹的最小化,并且状态预测误差与当前测量值的有源未知输入解耦。在系统不可强检测的情况下,对于未知输入的到达二值序列遵循独立随机伯努利过程,建立了系统随机状态预测误差协方差矩阵数学期望的充分随机稳定性条件。当测量上的间歇未知输入代表间歇观测值时,一个说明性示例表明,所提出的滤波器对应于具有间歇观测值的卡尔曼滤波器,该滤波器能够对测量损失产生最小方差无偏预测。
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引用次数: 1
A Graph Theory–Based Approach to the Description of the Process and the Diagnostic System 基于图论的过程描述与诊断系统
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0016
J. M. Kóscielny, M. Bartyś, M. Syfert, Anna Sztyber
Abstract The paper proposes an original, comprehensive, and methodically consistent graph theory-based approach to the description of the diagnosed process and the diagnosing system. The main baseline of the presented approach is in the dichotomous approach to diagnosing. It involves a separate description of both the process and the diagnostic system. This approach reflects the practice of designing implementable diagnostic systems. Thus, it can be seen as a proposal of a new, alternative, and, at the same time, flexible design procedure with great potential for applications. The primary motivation behind it was an attempt to circumvent the numerous limitations of well-known and well-established diagnosis approaches proposed by the communities working on fault detection and isolation (FDI) and artificial intelligence theories for diagnosis (DX). Accordingly, the paper identifies and provides an extensive discussion and a critical analysis of the existing limitations. Numerous examples and references to practical applications of the approach are indicated.
摘要本文提出了一种新颖、全面、系统一致的基于图论的诊断过程描述和诊断系统描述方法。提出的方法的主要基线是在二分法诊断。它包括对过程和诊断系统的单独描述。这种方法反映了设计可实施诊断系统的实践。因此,它可以被视为一种新的,可选择的,同时也是具有巨大应用潜力的灵活设计过程的建议。其背后的主要动机是试图规避由致力于故障检测和隔离(FDI)和诊断人工智能理论(DX)的社区提出的众所周知和完善的诊断方法的众多局限性。因此,本文确定并提供了对现有局限性的广泛讨论和批判性分析。给出了该方法的大量实例和实际应用参考。
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引用次数: 0
A Multi–Model Based Adaptive Reconfiguration Control Scheme for an Electro–Hydraulic Position Servo System 基于多模型的电液位置伺服系统自适应重构控制方案
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0014
Zhao Zhang, Zhong Yang, Shuchang Liu, Shuang Chen, Xiaokai Zhang
Abstract Reliability and safety of an electro-hydraulic position servo system (EHPSS) can be greatly reduced for potential sensor and actuator faults. This paper proposes a novel reconfiguration control (RC) scheme that combines multi-model and adaptive control to compensate for the adverse effects. Such a design includes several fixed models, one adaptive model, and one reinitialized adaptive model. Each of the models has its own independent controller that is based on a complete parametrization of the corresponding fault. A proper switching mechanism is set up to select the most appropriate controller to control the current plant. The system output can track the reference model asymptotically using the proposed method. Simulation results validate robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The main contribution is a reconfiguration control method that can handle component faults and maintain the acceptable performance of the EHPSS.
摘要电液位置伺服系统中传感器和执行器的潜在故障会大大降低系统的可靠性和安全性。本文提出了一种结合多模型和自适应控制的重构控制方案。这样的设计包括几个固定模型、一个自适应模型和一个重新初始化的自适应模型。每个模型都有自己独立的控制器,该控制器基于相应故障的完整参数化。设置适当的切换机制,选择最合适的控制器来控制当前装置。利用所提出的方法,系统输出可以渐近跟踪参考模型。仿真结果验证了该方案的鲁棒性和有效性。主要贡献是提出了一种能够处理组件故障并保持EHPSS可接受性能的重构控制方法。
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引用次数: 3
Bootstrap Methods for Epistemic Fuzzy Data 认知模糊数据的自举方法
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0021
P. Grzegorzewski, M. Romaniuk
Abstract Fuzzy numbers are often used for modeling imprecise perceptions of the real-valued observations. Such epistemic fuzzy data may cause problems in statistical reasoning and data analysis. We propose a universal nonparametric technique, called the epistemic bootstrap, which could be helpful when the existing methods do not work or do not give satisfactory results. Besides the simple epistemic bootstrap, we develop its several refinements that aim to reduce the variance in statistical inference. We also perform an extended simulation study to examine statistical properties of the approaches considered. The discussion of the results is supplemented by some hints for practical use.
模糊数常用于对实值观测值的不精确感知进行建模。这种认知模糊数据可能会给统计推理和数据分析带来问题。我们提出了一种通用的非参数技术,称为认知bootstrap,它可以在现有方法不起作用或不能给出令人满意的结果时有所帮助。除了简单的认知自举外,我们还对其进行了一些改进,旨在减少统计推断中的方差。我们还进行了扩展的模拟研究,以检查所考虑的方法的统计特性。对结果的讨论还补充了一些实际使用的提示。
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引用次数: 0
Parameter Identifiability for Nonlinear LPV Models 非线性LPV模型的参数可辨识性
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0019
K. Srinivasarengan, J. Ragot, C. Aubrun, D. Maquin
Abstract Linear parameter varying (LPV) models are being increasingly used as a bridge between linear and nonlinear models. From a mathematical point of view, a large class of nonlinear models can be rewritten in LPV or quasi-LPV forms easing their analysis. From a practical point of view, that kind of model can be used for introducing varying model parameters representing, for example, nonconstant characteristics of a component or an equipment degradation. This approach is frequently employed in several model-based system maintenance methods. The identifiability of these parameters is then a key issue for estimating their values based on which a decision can be made. However, the problem of identifiability of these models is still at a nascent stage. In this paper, we propose an approach to verify the identifiability of unknown parameters for LPV or quasi-LPV state-space models. It makes use of a parity-space like formulation to eliminate the states of the model. The resulting input-output-parameter equation is analyzed to verify the identifiability of the original model or a subset of unknown parameters. This approach provides a framework for both continuous-time and discrete-time models and is illustrated through various examples.
线性变参数模型作为连接线性模型和非线性模型的桥梁,越来越受到人们的重视。从数学的角度来看,大量的非线性模型可以改写成LPV或拟LPV形式,以简化其分析。从实用的角度来看,这种模型可以用来引入不同的模型参数,例如,一个部件的非恒定特性或设备的退化。这种方法经常被用于几种基于模型的系统维护方法中。因此,这些参数的可识别性是评估其值的关键问题,可以根据这些值做出决策。然而,这些模型的可识别性问题仍处于初级阶段。本文提出了一种验证LPV或拟LPV状态空间模型未知参数可辨识性的方法。它利用类似奇偶空间的公式来消除模型的状态。分析得到的输入-输出-参数方程,以验证原始模型或未知参数子集的可识别性。这种方法为连续时间和离散时间模型提供了一个框架,并通过各种例子进行了说明。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Deep Learning Model–Based Prediction of Images Related to Cyberbullying 基于混合深度学习模型的网络欺凌相关图像预测
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0024
M. Elmezain, Amer Malki, Ibrahim Gad, E. Atlam
Abstract Cyberbullying has become more widespread as a result of the common use of social media, particularly among teenagers and young people. A lack of studies on the types of advice and support available to victims of bullying has a negative impact on individuals and society. This work proposes a hybrid model based on transformer models in conjunction with a support vector machine (SVM) to classify our own data set images. First, seven different convolutional neural network architectures are employed to decide which is best in terms of results. Second, feature extraction is performed using four top models, namely, ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, MobileNet and Xception architectures. In addition, each architecture extracts the same number of features as the number of images in the data set, and these features are concatenated. Finally, the features are optimized and then provided as input to the SVM classifier. The accuracy rate of the proposed merged models with the SVM classifier achieved 96.05%. Furthermore, the classification precision of the proposed merged model is 99% in the bullying class and 93% in the non-bullying class. According to these results, bullying has a negative impact on students’ academic performance. The results help stakeholders to take necessary measures against bullies and increase the community’s awareness of this phenomenon.
由于社交媒体的普遍使用,网络欺凌变得越来越普遍,特别是在青少年和年轻人中。缺乏对欺凌受害者可获得的咨询和支持类型的研究,对个人和社会都产生了负面影响。本文提出了一种基于变压器模型和支持向量机(SVM)的混合模型来对我们自己的数据集图像进行分类。首先,使用七种不同的卷积神经网络架构来决定哪种结构在结果方面是最好的。其次,使用ResNet50、EfficientNetB0、MobileNet和Xception四种顶级模型进行特征提取。此外,每个架构提取与数据集中图像数量相同数量的特征,并将这些特征连接起来。最后,对特征进行优化,并将其作为支持向量机分类器的输入。该模型与SVM分类器合并后的准确率达到96.05%。此外,所提出的合并模型在欺凌类中分类精度为99%,在非欺凌类中分类精度为93%。根据这些结果,霸凌对学生的学习成绩有负面影响。研究结果有助于利益相关者对欺凌行为采取必要的措施,并提高社会对这一现象的认识。
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引用次数: 4
Fault–Tolerant Tracking Control for a Non–Linear Twin–Rotor System Under Ellipsoidal Bounding 椭球边界下非线性双转子系统的容错跟踪控制
IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.34768/amcs-2022-0013
Norbert Kukurowski, M. Mrugalski, M. Pazera, M. Witczak
Abstract A novel fault-tolerant tracking control scheme based on an adaptive robust observer for non-linear systems is proposed. Additionally, it is presumed that the non-linear system may be faulty, i.e., affected by actuator and sensor faults along with the disturbances, simultaneously. Accordingly, the stability of the robust observer as well as the fault-tolerant tracking controller is achieved by using the ℋ∞ approach. Furthermore, unknown actuator and sensor faults and states are bounded by the uncertainty intervals for estimation quality assessment as well as reliable fault diagnosis. This means that narrow intervals accompany better estimation quality. Thus, to cope with the above difficulty, it is assumed that the disturbances are over-bounded by an ellipsoid. Consequently, the performance and correctness of the proposed fault-tolerant tracking control scheme are verified by using a non-linear twin-rotor aerodynamical laboratory system.
摘要提出了一种基于自适应鲁棒观测器的非线性系统容错跟踪控制方法。另外,假定非线性系统可能存在故障,即同时受到执行器和传感器故障以及扰动的影响。因此,采用h∞方法实现了鲁棒观测器和容错跟踪控制器的稳定性。此外,将未知的执行器和传感器故障和状态以不确定区间为界,用于估计质量评估和可靠的故障诊断。这意味着较窄的间隔伴随着更好的估计质量。因此,为了解决上述困难,我们假定扰动是由椭球体越界的。最后,通过一个非线性双转子气动实验系统验证了所提容错跟踪控制方案的性能和正确性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
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