Xinmin Li, Feilong Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Zhengjie Qiu, Yonglong Wu, Runzhi Zhang
Magnetic gears have attracted the attention of many scholars due to their advantages of low noise, maintenance free, high torque density and inherent overload protection. In this paper, three speed regulation methods of high power magnetic gear transmission system are summarized and proposed, and the finite element analysis of the three speed regulation methods is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The results show that when the sizes of the three magnetic gears are similar, the output torque and load power of the speed regulation method of the magnetic gear using the magnetic field modulated type is the largest. On the contrary, the axial magnetic gear with air gap length regulation method has the lowest output torque and load capacity. Compared with the other two methods, the coupling length regulation method has the minimum eddy current loss and the simple speed regulation structure, which is the most suitable for high power magnetic gear.
{"title":"Research on speed regulation method of high power magnetic gear","authors":"Xinmin Li, Feilong Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Zhengjie Qiu, Yonglong Wu, Runzhi Zhang","doi":"10.3233/jae-230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230046","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic gears have attracted the attention of many scholars due to their advantages of low noise, maintenance free, high torque density and inherent overload protection. In this paper, three speed regulation methods of high power magnetic gear transmission system are summarized and proposed, and the finite element analysis of the three speed regulation methods is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The results show that when the sizes of the three magnetic gears are similar, the output torque and load power of the speed regulation method of the magnetic gear using the magnetic field modulated type is the largest. On the contrary, the axial magnetic gear with air gap length regulation method has the lowest output torque and load capacity. Compared with the other two methods, the coupling length regulation method has the minimum eddy current loss and the simple speed regulation structure, which is the most suitable for high power magnetic gear.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyi Pang, Haitao Yu, Yao Wang, Zhiyuan Che, Murad Ali, Zhicheng Ye
A novel control strategy based on finite time control and super-twisting observer is proposed to improve the control performance and robustness for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) drive system. First of all, the velocity-current single loop control which called non-cascade structure control is proposed by the finite time control, then the response velocity of the PMSLM drive system can be improved. Secondly, to improve the disturbance rejection performance, a super-twisting observer is designed to feedforward the load. Furthermore, the strictly convergence of the proposed control strategy is implemented. Finally, comparative simulations and experiments are designed on PI control, sliding mode control, and the proposed control method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method has better robustness and control performance.
{"title":"Non-cascaded finite time control of PMSLM based on super-twisting observer","authors":"Yuyi Pang, Haitao Yu, Yao Wang, Zhiyuan Che, Murad Ali, Zhicheng Ye","doi":"10.3233/jae-220200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220200","url":null,"abstract":"A novel control strategy based on finite time control and super-twisting observer is proposed to improve the control performance and robustness for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) drive system. First of all, the velocity-current single loop control which called non-cascade structure control is proposed by the finite time control, then the response velocity of the PMSLM drive system can be improved. Secondly, to improve the disturbance rejection performance, a super-twisting observer is designed to feedforward the load. Furthermore, the strictly convergence of the proposed control strategy is implemented. Finally, comparative simulations and experiments are designed on PI control, sliding mode control, and the proposed control method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method has better robustness and control performance.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue “Spintronics: Fundamental and applications”","authors":"Mario Carpentieri","doi":"10.3233/jae-239002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-239002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlu Du, Yunkai Huang, B. Guo, Zichong Zhu, Fei Peng, Jianning Dong
In this article, an efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for the Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is developed by taking into consideration the nonlinear B-H behavior of soft magnetic materials. Based on the harmonic modeling (HM) technology, the electromagnetic performances (EPs) of the Halbach array PMSM can be computed. To specifically model the local magnetic saturation, the stator teeth are separated into several annular layers, and each tooth is further divided into several regions along the tangential direction. Then, the parameters of the Halbach array PMSM are optimized utilizing combined nonlinear semi-analytical model (SAM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed optimization scheme, a Halbach array prototype is then manufactured in accordance with the optimization results. The multi-objective rapid optimization strategy developed in this article, which includes but is not limited to Halbach array permanent magnet (PM) machines, serves as a reference for the design and optimization of various PM machines.
{"title":"An efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machines based on nonlinear semi-analytical model","authors":"Yunlu Du, Yunkai Huang, B. Guo, Zichong Zhu, Fei Peng, Jianning Dong","doi":"10.3233/jae-230029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230029","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for the Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is developed by taking into consideration the nonlinear B-H behavior of soft magnetic materials. Based on the harmonic modeling (HM) technology, the electromagnetic performances (EPs) of the Halbach array PMSM can be computed. To specifically model the local magnetic saturation, the stator teeth are separated into several annular layers, and each tooth is further divided into several regions along the tangential direction. Then, the parameters of the Halbach array PMSM are optimized utilizing combined nonlinear semi-analytical model (SAM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed optimization scheme, a Halbach array prototype is then manufactured in accordance with the optimization results. The multi-objective rapid optimization strategy developed in this article, which includes but is not limited to Halbach array permanent magnet (PM) machines, serves as a reference for the design and optimization of various PM machines.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83551012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryosuke Mikami, Hayaho Sato, Shogo Hayashi, H. Igarashi
This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method for permanent magnet motors using a fast optimization algorithm, Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), and deep learning. Multi-objective optimization with topology optimization is effective in the design of permanent magnet motors. Although CMA-ES needs fewer population size than genetic algorithm for single objective problems, this is not evident for multi-objective problems. For this reason, the proposed method generates training data by solving the single-objective optimization multiple times using CMA-ES, and constructs a deep neural network (NN) based on the data to predict performance from motor images at high speed. The deep NN is then used for fast solution of multi-objective optimization problems. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of permanent magnet motors using deep learning and CMA-ES","authors":"Ryosuke Mikami, Hayaho Sato, Shogo Hayashi, H. Igarashi","doi":"10.3233/jae-230077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230077","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method for permanent magnet motors using a fast optimization algorithm, Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), and deep learning. Multi-objective optimization with topology optimization is effective in the design of permanent magnet motors. Although CMA-ES needs fewer population size than genetic algorithm for single objective problems, this is not evident for multi-objective problems. For this reason, the proposed method generates training data by solving the single-objective optimization multiple times using CMA-ES, and constructs a deep neural network (NN) based on the data to predict performance from motor images at high speed. The deep NN is then used for fast solution of multi-objective optimization problems. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76476354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng-long Hou, B. Ge, Dajun Tao, Bo Pan, Liping Zhao
The linear speed of the rotor surface of high speed permanent magnet motor (HSPMM) is as high as 100 m/s, and the air friction loss on the rotor surface is much higher than that of ordinary motors, accounting for a large proportion of the total loss, and the actual air friction loss on the rotor surface is much higher than that of ordinary motors. It is extremely difficult to directly measure and verify the size of the rotor surface. At the same time, the air friction loss on the rotor surface is related to various factors such as motor speed, air gap structure and rotor surface roughness. It is difficult to accurately calculate through theoretical analysis and analytical methods. Based on the 3D fluid field physical model, this paper analyzes the relationship between the rotor air friction loss of FeCo based HSPMM and the rotor speed, rotor geometry, surface roughness and axial wind speed. Based on HSPMM, the calculation and test method of rotor surface air friction loss are studied. Through the FeCo based HSPMM no-load test, according to the relationship between the rotor air friction loss and other losses and the motor speed, the rotor surface air friction loss can be separated from the total loss. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated values, indicating that the HSPMM rotor air friction loss calculation method based on 3D fluid field analysis is effective.
{"title":"Study on fluid friction loss on rotor surface of FeCo based high speed permanent magnet motor","authors":"Peng-long Hou, B. Ge, Dajun Tao, Bo Pan, Liping Zhao","doi":"10.3233/jae-230030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230030","url":null,"abstract":"The linear speed of the rotor surface of high speed permanent magnet motor (HSPMM) is as high as 100 m/s, and the air friction loss on the rotor surface is much higher than that of ordinary motors, accounting for a large proportion of the total loss, and the actual air friction loss on the rotor surface is much higher than that of ordinary motors. It is extremely difficult to directly measure and verify the size of the rotor surface. At the same time, the air friction loss on the rotor surface is related to various factors such as motor speed, air gap structure and rotor surface roughness. It is difficult to accurately calculate through theoretical analysis and analytical methods. Based on the 3D fluid field physical model, this paper analyzes the relationship between the rotor air friction loss of FeCo based HSPMM and the rotor speed, rotor geometry, surface roughness and axial wind speed. Based on HSPMM, the calculation and test method of rotor surface air friction loss are studied. Through the FeCo based HSPMM no-load test, according to the relationship between the rotor air friction loss and other losses and the motor speed, the rotor surface air friction loss can be separated from the total loss. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated values, indicating that the HSPMM rotor air friction loss calculation method based on 3D fluid field analysis is effective.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86851120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study concerns research on using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to image moisture inside the porous walls of buildings. In order to transform the electrical measurements into the values of the reconstructed 3D images, a neural network containing the LSTM layer was used. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of various loss functions on the efficacy of a neural network’s learning process. During the training process, three distinct variations of the loss function were employed, namely mean squared error (MSE), Huber, and a hybrid of MSE + Huber, to attain the desired outcome. Given that the primary focus of the study was on the loss function, the particular neural network architecture employed was deemed non-essential. In order to minimize the influence of the neural network architecture on the outcomes of the test, a comparatively uncomplicated neural model was implemented, comprising a solitary LSTM layer and a single fully connected layer.
{"title":"Influence of loss function on training the LSTM network in wall moisture tomography","authors":"T. Rymarczyk, M. Kulisz, G. Kłosowski","doi":"10.3233/jae-230083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230083","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerns research on using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to image moisture inside the porous walls of buildings. In order to transform the electrical measurements into the values of the reconstructed 3D images, a neural network containing the LSTM layer was used. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of various loss functions on the efficacy of a neural network’s learning process. During the training process, three distinct variations of the loss function were employed, namely mean squared error (MSE), Huber, and a hybrid of MSE + Huber, to attain the desired outcome. Given that the primary focus of the study was on the loss function, the particular neural network architecture employed was deemed non-essential. In order to minimize the influence of the neural network architecture on the outcomes of the test, a comparatively uncomplicated neural model was implemented, comprising a solitary LSTM layer and a single fully connected layer.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89885322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoliang Hu, Xiao Yang, Lifan Wu, Wencai Zhu, Gang Li
In order to improve the braking performance of magnetorheological (MR) brake, a new MR brake with parallel multi-channel structure was developed in this paper. The three layers of axial damping gaps in the MR brake were utilized by using of the magnetic conductivity of the material, and the double excitation coils was also adopted to effectively improve the braking performance. The braking torque and temperature characteristics were analyzed theoretically, and the electromagnetic field and temperature field were simulated and verified. Braking performance and temperature characteristics of the parallel multi-channel MR brake were tested, and the torque, braking time and temperature characteristics of the MR brake were obtained. The test results show that under the condition of constant rotational speed of 700 r/min and applied current of 2 A, the maximum torque can reach 26.25 N⋅m, and the temperature rises from 18.3 °C to 58.01 °C within 20 s. Meanwhile, the braking time is about 1.63 s.
{"title":"Braking performance and temperature characteristics analysis of parallel multi-channel magnetorheological brake","authors":"Guoliang Hu, Xiao Yang, Lifan Wu, Wencai Zhu, Gang Li","doi":"10.3233/jae-220260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220260","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the braking performance of magnetorheological (MR) brake, a new MR brake with parallel multi-channel structure was developed in this paper. The three layers of axial damping gaps in the MR brake were utilized by using of the magnetic conductivity of the material, and the double excitation coils was also adopted to effectively improve the braking performance. The braking torque and temperature characteristics were analyzed theoretically, and the electromagnetic field and temperature field were simulated and verified. Braking performance and temperature characteristics of the parallel multi-channel MR brake were tested, and the torque, braking time and temperature characteristics of the MR brake were obtained. The test results show that under the condition of constant rotational speed of 700 r/min and applied current of 2 A, the maximum torque can reach 26.25 N⋅m, and the temperature rises from 18.3 °C to 58.01 °C within 20 s. Meanwhile, the braking time is about 1.63 s.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78977198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pin Lv, Mingjun Li, X. Su, Lushuai Cheng, Haotian Ma, Ying Yang, Haoming Wang, Yuelin Zhai, K. Wang
For compensating the gap of present investigations, which did not consider the effect of skin depth before, a novel method is also proposed to obtain the eddy current force. At the beginning, the separating principle of eddy current separator (ECS) is given. Then, based on boundary conditions and the eddy current equations, the internal magnetic flux density, eddy current density and eddy current force density of non-ferrous metal are deduced. By calculating the double integral of eddy current density, the internal eddy current of non-ferrous metal is achieved. The theoretical calculation method (TCM) for solving the eddy current force in the process of non-ferrous metal sorting is proposed. Moreover, to verify the correctness of TCM, taking 24-pole and 30-pole magnetic roller as examples, the finite element models of static and transient magnetic field are established respectively. Additionally, the correctness of TCM is proven by finite element method (FEM) when the x-axis and y-axis component of eddy current force is calculated. At the end, by the theoretical analysis and derivation derived in this paper, based on the relationship between the relative position of N and S poles of the magnetic roller and non-ferrous metal, the internal eddy current force are analyzed by the consistency between the direction of the internal magnetic flux density and the eddy current of non-ferrous metal. The influence of the size relationship between the non-ferrous metal and a single magnetic pole on the separation effect is discussed.
{"title":"Research on eddy current and force of non-ferrous metal in eddy current separator","authors":"Pin Lv, Mingjun Li, X. Su, Lushuai Cheng, Haotian Ma, Ying Yang, Haoming Wang, Yuelin Zhai, K. Wang","doi":"10.3233/jae-220143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220143","url":null,"abstract":"For compensating the gap of present investigations, which did not consider the effect of skin depth before, a novel method is also proposed to obtain the eddy current force. At the beginning, the separating principle of eddy current separator (ECS) is given. Then, based on boundary conditions and the eddy current equations, the internal magnetic flux density, eddy current density and eddy current force density of non-ferrous metal are deduced. By calculating the double integral of eddy current density, the internal eddy current of non-ferrous metal is achieved. The theoretical calculation method (TCM) for solving the eddy current force in the process of non-ferrous metal sorting is proposed. Moreover, to verify the correctness of TCM, taking 24-pole and 30-pole magnetic roller as examples, the finite element models of static and transient magnetic field are established respectively. Additionally, the correctness of TCM is proven by finite element method (FEM) when the x-axis and y-axis component of eddy current force is calculated. At the end, by the theoretical analysis and derivation derived in this paper, based on the relationship between the relative position of N and S poles of the magnetic roller and non-ferrous metal, the internal eddy current force are analyzed by the consistency between the direction of the internal magnetic flux density and the eddy current of non-ferrous metal. The influence of the size relationship between the non-ferrous metal and a single magnetic pole on the separation effect is discussed.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73419159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxiao Meng, Wenze Shi, Chao Lu, Guo Chen, F. Qiu, Yi Zhu, Y. Liu, Shuanglin Guo
In high-temperature continuous forging process, according to the real-time monitoring of workpiece thickness and flaws, the processing parameters can be adjusted accordingly, so we can remove defective components in time, which has essential research value for avoiding the interruption of production line and improving their yield and quality grade. We established a finite element (FE) model of the carbon steel’s laser-electromagnetic acoustic transducer (laser-EMAT) testing process. Based on the simulation model, we analyzed the effects of laser parameters, EMAT parameters, and sample thickness on the detected ultrasonic signal amplitude, and we also achieved the optimized Laser-EMAT design parameters. Subsequently, we developed a high-temperature resistant spiral coil EMAT and measured the high-temperature forging with a thickness of 100 mm and temperatures from 300 °C to 730 °C. Based on the experiments, we researched the effect of specimen temperature on the received ultrasonic wave amplitude. The results show that the excitation efficiency of laser-induced ultrasonic waves improves by decreasing pulse duration, decreasing laser spot radius, and increasing pulse laser energy. The receiving efficiency of the shear wave (SW) detected by the EMAT enhances when reducing the diameter of the EMAT wire and increasing the permanent magnet height. When the radius of the permanent magnet is equal to the radius of the EMAT coil, the receiving efficiency of SW is the highest. As the sample thickness increases, the size of the EMAT should increase accordingly to the acoustic beam divergence for obtaining a higher ultrasonic wave intensity. The amplitude of the SW signal received by the EMAT increases by 679% after the optimization design. With rising carbon steel forging temperature, the SW signal amplitude increases first and then decreases sharply, reaching its maximum at 617 °C, which is 29% higher than at room temperature, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SW is 20.5 dB.
{"title":"Optimization design of laser-EMAT and its application in high-temperature forgings detection","authors":"Lingxiao Meng, Wenze Shi, Chao Lu, Guo Chen, F. Qiu, Yi Zhu, Y. Liu, Shuanglin Guo","doi":"10.3233/jae-230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230003","url":null,"abstract":"In high-temperature continuous forging process, according to the real-time monitoring of workpiece thickness and flaws, the processing parameters can be adjusted accordingly, so we can remove defective components in time, which has essential research value for avoiding the interruption of production line and improving their yield and quality grade. We established a finite element (FE) model of the carbon steel’s laser-electromagnetic acoustic transducer (laser-EMAT) testing process. Based on the simulation model, we analyzed the effects of laser parameters, EMAT parameters, and sample thickness on the detected ultrasonic signal amplitude, and we also achieved the optimized Laser-EMAT design parameters. Subsequently, we developed a high-temperature resistant spiral coil EMAT and measured the high-temperature forging with a thickness of 100 mm and temperatures from 300 °C to 730 °C. Based on the experiments, we researched the effect of specimen temperature on the received ultrasonic wave amplitude. The results show that the excitation efficiency of laser-induced ultrasonic waves improves by decreasing pulse duration, decreasing laser spot radius, and increasing pulse laser energy. The receiving efficiency of the shear wave (SW) detected by the EMAT enhances when reducing the diameter of the EMAT wire and increasing the permanent magnet height. When the radius of the permanent magnet is equal to the radius of the EMAT coil, the receiving efficiency of SW is the highest. As the sample thickness increases, the size of the EMAT should increase accordingly to the acoustic beam divergence for obtaining a higher ultrasonic wave intensity. The amplitude of the SW signal received by the EMAT increases by 679% after the optimization design. With rising carbon steel forging temperature, the SW signal amplitude increases first and then decreases sharply, reaching its maximum at 617 °C, which is 29% higher than at room temperature, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SW is 20.5 dB.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":"60 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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