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A low-cost approach to determine the optimum conductor plate thickness of linear permanent magnet eddy current brakes 确定线性永磁涡流制动器最佳导体板厚度的低成本方法
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3233/jae-220292
Panpan Yang, Jianwei Li, Leian Zhang, Zonggao Mu, Zixuan Li, Jianhong Wang
This paper proposes a low-cost approach to determine the optimum Conductor Plate (CP) thickness without needs for mathematical models and large data volumes, which means that 0.6 times of the Standard Depth of Penetration (SDoP) can be directly selected as the optimum CP thickness without calculation. Firstly, the SDoP is introduced. Then, the influences of speed and conductivity on the optimum CP thickness are investigated. Finally, the relationship between the SDoP and the optimum CP thickness is found. The optimum CP thickness can be selected directly according to the relationship without mathematical models and large data volumes. It not only guarantees high braking force, but also reduces the weight of the LPMECBs as much as possible.
本文提出了一种无需数学模型和大量数据即可确定最佳导体板(CP)厚度的低成本方法,即无需计算即可直接选择标准贯入深度(SDoP)的 0.6 倍作为最佳 CP 厚度。首先介绍 SDoP。然后,研究了速度和电导率对 CP 最佳厚度的影响。最后,找到了 SDoP 与 CP 最佳厚度之间的关系。无需数学模型和大量数据,就可根据关系直接选择最佳 CP 厚度。它不仅能保证较高的制动力,还能尽可能减轻 LPMECB 的重量。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the high temperature calibration of the electromagnetic damping generator applied to the rotary steerable system 应用于旋转转向系统的电磁阻尼发生器的高温校准研究
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3233/jae-220309
Zequn Li, Desheng Li, Tong Zhao, Benzhen Guo
The Electromagnetic Damping Generator (EDG) used for petroleum exploration is faced with the problem of high local temperature during its downhole work. To avoid the damage to its internal circuit caused by high temperature, the key EDG circuit is required to be heat-resistant based on the electromagnetic induction principle and the current heating effect. First of all, the working condition with the maximum heating power was figured out after studying the heating power characteristics of EDG. Then the multi-field coupling model of the temperature field, electromagnetic field and structure of the damper, as well as its iterative analytic model were established to identify the relationship between the temperature rise of the key location of the damper part and its working time in the downhole environment and the room-temperature experimental environment, which provided data support for EDG optimization design. Finally, a EDG prototype was developed, and the test bench was set up by replacing the load with resistors to verify the accuracy of the iterative analytical model. The results showed that the temperature value calculated by the model well fit the experimental value. Therefore, the downhole operation reliability of the EDG and the safety of corresponding bench tests are guaranteed, which has certain guiding significance for EDG optimization design and its experimental study.
用于石油勘探的电磁阻尼发生器(EDG)在井下工作时面临着局部温度过高的问题。为了避免高温对其内部电路造成损坏,要求 EDG 的关键电路具有基于电磁感应原理和电流加热效应的耐热性能。首先,在研究了 EDG 的加热功率特性后,确定了最大加热功率的工作条件。然后,建立了温度场、电磁场和阻尼器结构的多场耦合模型及其迭代解析模型,确定了阻尼器关键部位的温升与其在井下环境和常温实验环境下工作时间的关系,为 EDG 的优化设计提供了数据支持。最后,开发了 EDG 原型,并通过用电阻替代负载建立了试验台,以验证迭代分析模型的准确性。结果表明,模型计算出的温度值与实验值非常吻合。因此,EDG 的井下运行可靠性和相应台架试验的安全性得到了保证,对 EDG 的优化设计及其试验研究具有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of aircraft lightning attachment zone using the enclosing ball method 使用包围球法对飞机雷电附着区进行数值模拟
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230026
Linglong Ding, Yunfeng Zhang, Minmin Jiang
The initial stage in aircraft lightning protection design and safety certification involves delineating the lightning attachment zone. The lightning leader’s development is inherently random, favoring the shortest path to the aircraft fuselage. In response, we employ the enclosing ball method to establish the lightning attachment zone. First, define the center point of the aircraft as the coordinate position for the sphere’s center, creating a sphere with a specified radius. The leader’s initial position is then selected from any point on the sphere. Second, by calculating distances between the leader’s position and various areas on the aircraft surface, we determine the shortest path. The corresponding aircraft surface area along this path is identified as the lightning attachment zone for the leader. Subsequently, choose a new leading position on the sphere and iterate through the calculation process until all sphere positions are considered. Finally, tally the occurrence frequencies for all calculated attachment areas, representing the attachment probability of each area based on its frequency of occurrence. This paper not only compares our method with the electrostatic field simulation method but also contrasts it with the probability distribution of lightning attachment points obtained from aircraft flight experiments. The comparison results are highly favorable, providing robust verification for the correctness of our approach.
飞机雷电防护设计和安全认证的初始阶段包括划定雷电附着区。雷电引线的发展具有固有的随机性,偏向于以最短路径到达飞机机身。为此,我们采用了包围球的方法来确定雷电附着区。首先,将飞机的中心点定义为球体中心的坐标位置,创建一个具有指定半径的球体。然后从球体上的任意一点选择领航员的初始位置。其次,通过计算领航员位置与飞机表面各区域之间的距离,我们确定了最短路径。这条路径上相应的飞机表面区域被确定为领航员的闪电附着区。随后,在球面上选择一个新的引导位置,并重复计算过程,直到所有球面位置都被考虑在内。最后,统计所有计算出的附着区域的发生频率,根据发生频率表示每个区域的附着概率。本文不仅将我们的方法与静电场模拟方法进行了比较,还将其与飞机飞行实验中获得的雷电附着点概率分布进行了对比。对比结果非常理想,为我们方法的正确性提供了有力的验证。
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引用次数: 0
Magneto-thermal and aerodynamic study of a toroidal transformer dimensioning 环形变压器尺寸的磁热和空气动力学研究
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230243
Farouk Boukhenoufa, Nabil Ikhlef, Lyes Aomar, Tarik Hacib
Toroidal transformers are designed using a circular core instead of the traditional laminated rectangular core, which reduces inductance losses and increases efficiency. The primary goal of this study is to understand the cooling mechanisms involved in electrical transformers, which are critical components in power systems. Steady electromagnetic, fluid flow and temperature equations are simultaneously solved (direct method) using the finite elements method FEM of a shielded toroidal transformer. The paper focuses on creating a direct-coupled model (DCM) to understand the processes involved in electrical transformers cooling, using Magneto-AeroDynamic (MAD) models. The nonlinear models developed will be implemented and validated in this parametric study for different inlet velocities and the number of outlet. Transformers generate heat during operation, and it’s important to control the temperature to prevent overheating and ensure reliable operation.
环形变压器在设计时使用了圆形铁芯,而不是传统的层叠矩形铁芯,从而减少了电感损耗,提高了效率。本研究的主要目标是了解电力变压器的冷却机制,因为变压器是电力系统中的关键部件。使用有限元方法 FEM 同时求解了屏蔽环形变压器的稳定电磁、流体流动和温度方程(直接法)。论文的重点是创建一个直接耦合模型(DCM),利用磁空气动力学(MAD)模型了解变压器冷却过程。所开发的非线性模型将在本参数研究中针对不同的入口速度和出口数量进行实施和验证。变压器在运行过程中会产生热量,因此控制温度以防止过热并确保可靠运行非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Finite-time disturbance observer-based levitation control for vehicle-guideway coupling systems 基于有限时间扰动观测器的车辆-导轨耦合系统悬浮控制
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230040
Qiao Ren, Jimin Zhang, Hechao Zhou
In this study, a novel composite control scheme for the vehicle-guideway coupling systems is proposed, consisting of FTDOs and a FTC, aiming to address the challenges of unknown disturbances and vibration suppression. Specifically, this method adopts a single magnet-track coupling model and introduces a finite-time disturbance observer (FTDO) that utilizes only measured electromagnet-side signals to estimate unmeasurable states and unknown disturbances. Based on the estimated information provided by the FTDO, a finite-time control (FTC) scheme is developed, which simultaneously handles the problems of disturbance compensation and finite-time tracking control. Additionally, the finite-time stability of the levitation system is analyzed and proven. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control approach.
本研究提出了一种新型车辆-导轨耦合系统复合控制方案,由 FTDO 和 FTC 组成,旨在解决未知干扰和振动抑制的难题。具体来说,该方法采用单一磁轨耦合模型,并引入了有限时间干扰观测器(FTDO),该观测器仅利用测量的电磁铁侧信号来估计不可测量的状态和未知干扰。根据 FTDO 提供的估计信息,开发了一种有限时间控制 (FTC) 方案,可同时处理干扰补偿和有限时间跟踪控制问题。此外,还分析并证明了悬浮系统的有限时间稳定性。最后,给出了仿真和实验结果,以证明所提控制方法的可行性和优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Design and simulation of a superconducting machine excitation system taking into account the three-dimensional magnetic leakage 考虑到三维漏磁的超导机器励磁系统的设计与模拟
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230085
Chen Chen, Wenfeng Zhang
The optimized design of a new high-temperature superconducting rotating pole machine is presented. Its main structural feature is the use of a double stator core which separates the synchronous machine pole shoe from the pole body to rotate separately as the machine rotor, allowing the superconducting coil to operate in a stationary state. The inner stator core, the stationary dewar and the rotor core together form the excitation system of the machine. The excitation coil windings adopt a rectangular cross-section, with flux divertor strategically placed between the high-temperature superconducting coils. This configuration aims to modulate the background magnetic field, specifically reducing the perpendicular magnetic field component. This mitigation minimizes the impact of ambient magnetic fields on the superconducting coil’s current carrying capacity, ensuring an optimized magnetic field environment for its operation. Through the integration of these modifications, the technical and economic parameters of the enhanced high-temperature superconducting machine have been significantly improved. The optimization of design, coupled with detailed calculations of the 3D electromagnetic field, was achieved utilizing the commercial software Ansys EM module.
本文介绍了新型高温超导转极机的优化设计。其主要结构特点是采用双定子铁芯,将同步机极靴与极体分开,作为机器转子单独旋转,使超导线圈在静止状态下工作。内部定子铁芯、静止磁栅和转子铁芯共同构成了机器的励磁系统。励磁线圈绕组采用矩形截面,在高温超导线圈之间战略性地放置了磁通分流器。这种配置旨在调节背景磁场,特别是减少垂直磁场分量。这种缓解措施最大限度地减少了环境磁场对超导线圈电流承载能力的影响,确保为其运行提供优化的磁场环境。通过整合这些修改,增强型高温超导设备的技术和经济参数得到了显著改善。设计的优化以及三维电磁场的详细计算是利用商业软件 Ansys EM 模块实现的。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of thermographic tools for the validation of physics-based models of an induction sealing process 评估热成像工具,以验证感应密封工艺的物理模型
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230177
Matteo Giangolini, Giovanni Betti Beneventi, Andrea Babini
Measure of temperature dynamics in induction sealing processes is of paramount importance for the validation of physics-based models. In this work, commonly used commercial tools for temperature measurements, such as thermocouples, pyrometers and thermal cameras, are benchmarked for the characterization of the temperature dynamics occurring in multilayer aluminum foil-based packaging material undergoing relatively fast (i.e., ×100 ms) induction heating transients.
感应密封过程中的温度动态测量对于验证基于物理的模型至关重要。在这项工作中,常用的商业温度测量工具(如热电偶、高温计和热像仪)被用于描述多层铝箔包装材料在相对快速(即 ×100 毫秒)感应加热瞬态下的温度动态特性。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of damaged fiber-reinforced laminates in a Bayesian framework 贝叶斯框架下受损纤维增强层压板的识别和特征描述
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230140
Valentin Noël, Thomas Rodet, Dominique Lesselier
Non-destructive thermographic testing of damaged composite laminates modeled from the homogenization of fiber-reinforced polymers is a challenge, both because of its underlying complexity and because of the difficulties encountered in the quantification of uncertainties related to the identification and characterization of defects. To provide a rigorous framework that accepts data from different modalities and allows data fusion as well, a Bayesian neural network (BNN) [I. Kononenko, Biological Cybernetics 61(5) (1989), 361–370] with two input streams is proposed, with a focus on local inter-layer delaminations identification and characterization.
对由纤维增强聚合物均质化形成的受损复合材料层压板进行非破坏性热成像测试是一项挑战,这不仅是因为其潜在的复杂性,还因为在量化与缺陷识别和特征描述有关的不确定性方面遇到了困难。为了提供一个可接受来自不同模式的数据并允许数据融合的严格框架,我们提出了一个具有两个输入流的贝叶斯神经网络(BNN)[I. Kononenko,《生物控制论》61(5) (1989),361-370],其重点是局部层间脱层的识别和表征。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic memory testing towards fatigue crack propagation of Q235 steel for remanufacturing 用于再制造的 Q235 钢疲劳裂纹扩展的磁记忆测试
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230050
Jianhua Ye, Ze Guo, Shoujin Zeng, Mingsan Xu
A crack propagation trial was performed on a Q235 steel M(T) sample to investigate the modifications in magnetic memory signals throughout the crack propagation procedure of ferromagnetic substances. Various detection lines were employed to gather and scrutinize magnetic memory signals under two-stage fatigue loading. The interrelation between the gradient value Kmax, the peak-to-peak value SP−Py, the stress intensity factor Ka, the extension of the sample 𝜀, crack length a, and the cyclic N was established. The findings indicate that the Hp(y) curves present a varied peak at the crack tip and in the notch, whereas the Hp(x) curve is linear. The magnetic signals display similar changes during two-stage fatigue loading, but the post-break state deviates. The fatigue process’s SP−Py shows three phases of fluctuation, escalation, and decline. Throughout the period of fatigue crack growth, Kmax and 𝜀 rise exponentially, Ka ascends linearly, and a shows linear changes. The characteristics of magnetic memory signals can measure harm after varying service periods and offer robust foundations for remanufacturing.
对 Q235 钢 M(T) 样品进行了裂纹扩展试验,以研究铁磁性物质在整个裂纹扩展过程中磁记忆信号的变化。在两阶段疲劳加载下,采用了各种检测线来收集和检查磁记忆信号。研究建立了梯度值 Kmax、峰-峰值 SP-Py、应力强度因子 Ka、样品延伸率 𝜀、裂纹长度 a 和循环 N 之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,Hp(y) 曲线在裂纹尖端和缺口处呈现不同的峰值,而 Hp(x) 曲线是线性的。在两阶段疲劳加载过程中,磁信号显示出相似的变化,但断裂后的状态却有所不同。疲劳过程的 SP-Py 显示出波动、升级和下降三个阶段。在整个疲劳裂纹增长期间,Kmax 和𝜀 呈指数上升,Ka 呈线性上升,a 呈线性变化。磁记忆信号的特性可以测量不同使用期后的危害,并为再制造提供坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Research on transmission characteristics of sleeve type electromagnetic hybrid governor 套筒式电磁混合调速器传动特性研究
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230064
Gang Cheng, Donghua Song
Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional permanent magnet governor air gap speed regulation, a sleeve-type electromagnetic hybrid governor is proposed by controlling the current instead of adjusting the air gap, the structural characteristics and working principle of the speed regulation modelare introduced, and the electromagnetic torque mathematical expression is derived based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method, and the key parameters affecting the transmission performance of the governor are obtained, and the simulation model of the sleeve electromagnetic hybrid governor is established by using the finite element analysis method to analyze the electromagnetic field change law in the governor under the transient field. The change curve of air gap magnetic inductance intensity under different currents was obtained, and the influence of speed difference under different currents on the output torque was revealed, and finally, an experimental platform was built for testing, and the maximum error of torque simulation and the test was obtained by analyzing the results to verify the accuracy of the simulation method, on this basis, two structural schemes were proposed to improve the amplitude of the torque regulation of the governor by the current, under the structure of scheme 1, the adjustment amplitude of the torque increased from 35% of the original structure to 96%, and the improvement effect was ideal. Its laws and conclusions can provide a reference for the further design and optimization of sleeve electromagnetic hybrid governor.
针对传统永磁调速器气隙调速的缺点,提出了一种以控制电流代替调节气隙的套筒式电磁混合调速器,介绍了该调速模型的结构特点和工作原理,基于等效磁路法推导了电磁转矩数学表达式,得到了影响调速器传动性能的关键参数,并利用有限元分析方法建立了套筒式电磁混合调速器的仿真模型,分析了调速器在瞬态场下的电磁场变化规律。得到了不同电流下气隙磁感应强度的变化曲线,揭示了不同电流下转速差对输出转矩的影响,最后搭建了实验平台进行测试,通过分析结果得到了转矩仿真与测试的最大误差,验证了仿真方法的准确性、在此基础上,提出了两种结构方案来改善电流对调速器转矩的调节幅度,在方案一的结构下,转矩的调节幅度由原结构的35%提高到96%,改善效果理想。其规律和结论可为套筒式电磁混合调速器的进一步设计和优化提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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