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A new efficiency figure of merit for induction heating appliances operating under highly variable operating conditions 在高度多变的工作条件下运行的感应加热设备的新效率值
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230122
Oscar Lucia, Hector Sarnago, Pablo Guillen, Jose M. Burdío
Induction heating is an efficient and high-performance heating method which already has a significant market penetration and economic impact due to its benefits inherent to contactless energy transfer systems such as quickness, cleanness, and safety. Efficiency is a key design parameter since it determines not only the appliance performance but also its environmental impact, with significant socio-political implications. However, it is not easy to determine and compare the actual power converter efficiency operating under highly variable conditions typical of IH. This paper proposes an averaged efficiency parameter elaborated based on technical and typical IH usage conditions that offers a useful value to compare power converters operating under realistic operation conditions. The proposed parameter has been evaluated in some of the most significant power converter topologies used in reported state-of-the-art induction heating systems.
感应加热是一种高效、高性能的加热方法,由于其具有非接触式能量传输系统所固有的优点,如快速、清洁和安全,因此已经在市场上具有很大的渗透力和经济影响力。效率是一个关键的设计参数,因为它不仅决定了设备的性能,还决定了设备对环境的影响,具有重要的社会政治意义。然而,要确定和比较在典型的 IH 高变化条件下运行的实际功率转换器效率并不容易。本文提出了一个基于技术和典型 IH 使用条件的平均效率参数,为比较在实际运行条件下运行的功率转换器提供了一个有用的值。所提出的参数已在报告的最先进感应加热系统中使用的一些最重要的功率转换器拓扑结构中进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
Electro-thermal modeling of an induction heating process of 42CrMo4 steel probe 42CrMo4 钢探针感应加热过程的电热建模
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230182
Amaiur Mendi-Altube, Irma Villar, Claudio Carretero, Jesús Acero
This paper describes the procedure of electromagnetic and thermal modeling of an induction hardening load of 42CrMo4 steel. In addition to the temperature and field level dependent physical properties of the material, the magnetic behavior of the load is captured by means of some kind of non-linearimpedance boundary condition which simplifies the computational cost of the simulation. The numerical results show the critical behavior around Curie temperature. Finally, a comparison between several simulation results and experimental measurements are provided to assess the usefulness of the proposed electro-thermal simulation.
本文介绍了 42CrMo4 钢感应淬火载荷的电磁和热建模过程。除了材料与温度和磁场水平相关的物理特性外,还通过某种非线性阻抗边界条件来捕捉负载的磁行为,从而简化了模拟的计算成本。数值结果显示了居里温度附近的临界行为。最后,还提供了若干模拟结果与实验测量结果之间的比较,以评估所提议的电热模拟的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of homogenization techniques for proximity losses in PCB coils applied to inductive devices 应用于感应设备的 PCB 线圈中接近损耗均质化技术的性能评估
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230184
Alexis Narváez, Claudio Carretero, Jesús Acero
Energy efficiency is the primary objective in optimal design of inductive power components. This goal is totally aligned with the minimization of power losses in the coils. Typically, coils have been constructed by wire winding but, more recently, the utilization of printed circuit board (PCB) constructions has become more common due to their advantages, i. e. low profile and ease of fabrication, among others. At the operating frequencies of magnetic power devices, multi-conductor cabling with litz structure is required to reduce losses. PCB loss optimization procedure involves determining the number and size of the tracks. Numerical simulation is a very powerful tool to obtain the parameters of magnetic devices. However, including the internal structure of multi-track wiring in the numerical simulation implies a very high computational cost and a low accuracy of the results, because the size of the tracks is very small. Techniques of homogenization of the cabling are used to overcome such difficulty, disregarding the internal structure in order to determine the fields in the system and their electrical equivalent by means of computational simulation. The coil losses are further determined on the basis of the characteristics of the cabling as well as of the surrounding fields. The preceding procedure has proven to be suitable for cables composed of strands of circular cross-section, but should be adjusted to apply to tracks of rectangular cross-section. In this paper, different homogenization techniques for PCB coils have been proposed and evaluated. A highly symmetric reference system is selected to reduce the computational cost of numerical modeling, but the conclusions can be applied to more complicated geometries without loss of generality. Finally, the results of the different homogenization techniques have been validated by comparison with experimental results.
能源效率是电感功率元件优化设计的首要目标。这一目标与尽量减少线圈中的功率损耗完全一致。通常情况下,线圈采用绕线法制造,但最近,由于印刷电路板(PCB)结构具有外形小巧、易于制造等优点,其使用已变得越来越普遍。在磁性电源设备的工作频率下,需要使用litz结构的多导体布线来降低损耗。PCB 损耗优化程序包括确定轨道的数量和尺寸。数值模拟是获取磁性器件参数的有力工具。然而,将多轨道布线的内部结构纳入数值模拟意味着计算成本非常高,而且结果的准确性也很低,因为轨道的尺寸非常小。为了克服这一困难,我们采用了布线均质化技术,不考虑内部结构,通过计算模拟确定系统中的磁场及其电气等效。线圈损耗则根据布线和周围场的特性进一步确定。前述程序已被证明适用于由圆形截面的股线组成的电缆,但应进行调整以适用于矩形截面的轨道。本文提出并评估了适用于 PCB 线圈的不同均质化技术。本文选择了一个高度对称的参考系统,以降低数值建模的计算成本,但得出的结论可适用于更复杂的几何形状,而不会丧失一般性。最后,通过与实验结果的比较,验证了不同均质化技术的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Detection mechanism of delamination in thermal barrier coatings of turbine blade using a Rayleigh wave EMAT 利用瑞利波 EMAT 检测涡轮叶片隔热涂层的分层机理
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230147
Yuange Zhang, C. Pei, Jie Deng, Tianhao Liu, Hong-en Chen, Zhenmao Chen
Nondestructive testing (NDT) for damage in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is significant for the safety guarantee of gas turbine blades. As a new NDT technology, electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is widely applied for NDT of conductive structural components due to its advantages of coupling-free and high adaptability. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to study the wave propagation and interaction with delamination defects in TBCs inspected with a Rayleigh wave EMAT of the Lorentz force mechanism. Based on the numerical results, the wave structure in TBC, wave conversion at delamination defect, time domain EMAT signals, and its B-scan images are evaluated and the feasibility of Rayleigh wave EMAT to inspect delamination in TBCs was theoretically clarified.
热障涂层(TBC)损伤的无损检测(NDT)对燃气轮机叶片的安全保障意义重大。电磁声换能器(EMAT)作为一种新型无损检测技术,具有无耦合、适应性强等优点,被广泛应用于导电结构部件的无损检测。本文使用洛伦兹力机制的瑞利波电磁声传感器对 TBC 中的波传播以及与分层缺陷的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究。基于数值结果,对 TBC 中的波结构、分层缺陷处的波转换、时域 EMAT 信号及其 B-scan 图像进行了评估,并从理论上阐明了瑞利波 EMAT 检测 TBC 分层的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
A hybrid spectral-spatial formulation for the calculation of the transient eddy-current response 计算瞬态涡流响应的光谱-空间混合公式
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230131
A. Skarlatos, Chritophe Reboud
A new approach for the solution of transient eddy-current problems involving pieces with one direction of symmetry is presented. The approach is applicable to pieces with translational or rotational symmetry. A Fourier series decomposition of the solution is introduced in the direction of symmetry, which converts the original 3D numerical problem into a series of independent 2D problems. The decomposition has significant benefits in terms of computational time and numerical noise reduction, and is inherently parallelisable.
本文提出了一种新方法,用于解决涉及单对称方向部件的瞬态涡流问题。该方法适用于具有平移或旋转对称性的部件。在对称方向上引入了求解的傅立叶级数分解,从而将原始的三维数值问题转换为一系列独立的二维问题。这种分解方法在计算时间和减少数值噪声方面具有显著优势,而且本质上是可并行的。
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引用次数: 0
The application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the design process for electromagnetic devices 人工智能和机器学习在电磁设备设计过程中的应用
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230104
David A. Lowther
Designing an electromagnetic device, as with many other devices, is an inverse problem. The issue is that the performance and some constraints on the inputs are provided but the solution to the design problem is non-unique. Additionally, conventionally, at the start of the design process, the information on potential solutions needs to be generated quickly so that a designer can make effective decisions before moving on to detailed performance analysis, but the amount of information that can be obtained from simple analysis tools is limited. Machine learning may be able to assist by increasing the amount of information available at the early stages of the design process. This is not a new concept, in fact it has been considered for several decades but has always been limited by the computational power available. Recent advances in machine learning might allow for the creation of a more effective “sizing” stage of the design process, thus reducing the cost of generating a final design. The goal of this paper is to review some of the work in applying artificial intelligence to the design and analysis of electromagnetic devices and to discuss what might be possible by considering some examples of the use of machine learning in several tools used in conventional design, which have been considered over the past three decades.
与许多其他设备一样,电磁设备的设计也是一个反问题。问题在于,输入的性能和一些约束条件已经提供,但设计问题的解决方案却不是唯一的。此外,按照惯例,在设计流程的开始阶段,需要快速生成有关潜在解决方案的信息,以便设计人员在进行详细的性能分析之前做出有效决策,但从简单的分析工具中获得的信息量有限。机器学习可以在设计流程的早期阶段增加可用信息量,从而提供帮助。这并不是一个新概念,事实上,几十年来人们一直在考虑这个问题,但始终受到可用计算能力的限制。机器学习领域的最新进展可能会使设计过程的 "尺寸确定 "阶段更加有效,从而降低最终设计的生成成本。本文的目的是回顾将人工智能应用于电磁设备设计和分析的一些工作,并通过考虑机器学习在传统设计中使用的几种工具中的一些实例,讨论过去三十年来所考虑的可能情况。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting of spatial electric field generated by substation switch operation based on AOS-GCN-LSTM Model 基于 AOS-GCN-LSTM 模型预测变电站开关操作产生的空间电场
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230089
Jinpeng Shi, Donglai Wang, Yan Zhao, Chengze Li, Aijun Zhang
The radiation of adjacent field sources has a specific spatial correlation. In order to suppress electromagnetic disturbance and improve the electromagnetic compatibility of secondary equipment, the electric field’s spatial coupling characteristics and distribution law should be mastered. Therefore, a method for predicting the spatial electric field generated by substation switching operation based on the Atomic Orbital Search-Graph Convolution Network- Long and Short-Term Memory (AOS-GCN-LSTM) model is presented to deal with this problem. First, the GCN is used to construct graph data according to node characteristics and topology information. The feature selection uses the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) to extract the spatial correlation of the adjacent field source radiation. At the same time, the LSTM is used to capture the temporal correlation characteristics of different position field strengths in space. Then, the AOS is used to optimize the model with a hyperparameter. In addition, the simulation data of the full-wave simulation model of the spatial electric field generated by switch operation in a 220 kV GIS substation is an example of verification. The results show that the prediction error of the proposed method is below 3%, and it has strong adaptability to the application environment and good prediction performance.
相邻场源的辐射具有特定的空间相关性。为了抑制电磁干扰,提高二次设备的电磁兼容性,需要掌握电场的空间耦合特性和分布规律。因此,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于原子轨道搜索-图谱卷积网络-长短期记忆(AOS-GCN-LSTM)模型的变电站开关操作产生的空间电场预测方法。首先,利用 GCN 根据节点特征和拓扑信息构建图数据。特征选择使用最大信息系数(MIC)来提取相邻场源辐射的空间相关性。同时,利用 LSTM 捕捉空间中不同位置场强的时间相关性特征。然后,利用 AOS 对模型进行超参数优化。此外,还以 220 kV GIS 变电站开关操作产生的空间电场全波仿真模型的仿真数据为例进行了验证。结果表明,所提方法的预测误差低于 3%,对应用环境的适应性强,预测性能好。
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引用次数: 0
Employing automatic differentiation and neural networks for parameter identification of an energy based hysteresis model 利用自动微分和神经网络识别基于能量的滞后模型参数
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230107
Eniz Museljic, K. Roppert, L. Domenig, Alice Reinbacher Köstinger, M. Kaltenbacher
This paper is about the parameter identification of an energy based hysteresis model from measurements by employing automatic differentiation and neural networks. We first introduce the energy based hysteresis model and the parameters which are to be identified. Then we show how the model can benefit from automatic differentiation. After that we incorporate a parametrization of the energy based hysteresis model via distribution functions and identify the parameters of the distribution function. Then, the hysteresis model is sampled and the generated datasets are used to train neural networks to predict the hysteresis parameters. The described methods are tested and verified on synthetic as well as measurement data.
本文研究了利用自动微分和神经网络对基于能量的滞后模型进行参数辨识的方法。首先介绍了基于能量的磁滞模型和需要辨识的参数。然后,我们将展示该模型如何从自动微分中获益。然后通过分布函数对基于能量的迟滞模型进行参数化,并确定分布函数的参数。然后,对迟滞模型进行采样,生成的数据集用于训练神经网络来预测迟滞参数。所描述的方法在合成和测量数据上进行了测试和验证。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical calculation of magnetic field in surface-mounted permanent-magnet vernier motors 表面贴装永磁游标电机磁场解析计算
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3233/jae-230047
Ningning Ren, Le Fan, Keke Yang
This paper proposes an analytical method to calculate the on-load magnetic field, Back electromotive force (BEMF) and torque of the surface-mounted permanent-magnet vernier machine (SMPMVM) accounting for slots, tooth-tips, flux modulation pole slots (FMPS) and the shape of magnet. The on-load magnetic field is predicted according to the surface-current method of permanent magnet, subdomain model and the superposition principle. BEMF and torque are calculated based on the magnetic field. The results show that THD of open-circuit and on-load radial flux density in the SMPMVM with concentric magnet poles is smaller than that in the conventional SMPMVM with eccentric magnet poles. 30th and 50th harmonic orders are obvious between two motors. Moreover, the peak cogging torque of the motor with concentric magnet poles is almost six times of the peak cogging torque of motor with eccentric magnet poles. The finite-element and experimental results confirm that the developed analytical method has high accuracy for predicting the magnetic field, BEMF, cogging torque and on-load electro-magnetic torque of SMPMVM with different shape of magnet.
本文提出了一种考虑槽、齿尖、磁通调制极槽和磁体形状的表面贴装永磁游标机(SMPMVM)有载磁场、反电动势(BEMF)和转矩的解析计算方法。根据永磁体的表面电流法、子畴模型和叠加原理对有载磁场进行了预测。根据磁场计算出电动势和转矩。结果表明,同心磁极SMPMVM的开路和有载径向磁通密度THD均小于偏心磁极SMPMVM;两个电机之间的30次和50次谐波阶明显。同心磁极电机的齿槽转矩峰值几乎是偏心磁极电机齿槽转矩峰值的6倍。有限元和实验结果表明,所建立的分析方法对不同磁体形状的SMPMVM的磁场、BEMF、齿槽转矩和有载电磁转矩具有较高的预测精度。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the special issue Deep learning for analysis and synthesis in electromagnetics 用于电磁学分析和合成的深度学习》特刊简介
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.3233/jae-239003
M. E. Mognaschi
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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