The dynamic response and operational reliability of high-speed solenoid valve (HSV) for diesel engine injector are the main indicators to measure their performance. At high-frequency, the eddy current energy and Joule energy generated by the HSV will be converted into heat, which has a significantimpact on the service life of HSV. The optimization of HSV involves the interaction between energy loss and the dynamic response of HSV. To optimize the HSV dynamic response time considering energy loss, the HSV work process simulation model was established in this paper, and the model was verified based on armature lift experimental data. Without changing the structural parameters of the HSV, the four parameters of electroconductibility, spring stiffness, damping coefficient, and coil resistance were selected as the key parameters affecting the dynamic response and energy loss. The response surface models (RSMs) of opening response time, closing response time, eddy current energy and Joule energy of the HSV were constructed by using the smoothing spline-analysis of variance method. The multi-objective cooperation optimization of HSV under the interaction of dynamic response characteristics and energy loss was completed by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms. After optimization, the opening and closing response times of HSV were reduced by 15.1% and 16.6% respectively, while the eddy current energy and Joule energy were reduced by 5.2% and 48.4% respectively. In this paper, the dynamic response and energy loss were jointly optimized. The presented results provide theory instruction for multi-objective cooperative optimization of HSV.
{"title":"Multi-objective cooperation optimization research on dynamic response and energy loss of high-speed solenoid valve for diesel engine injector","authors":"Zhiqing Yu, Jianhui Zhao, Rongqiang Wei","doi":"10.3233/jae-230099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230099","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic response and operational reliability of high-speed solenoid valve (HSV) for diesel engine injector are the main indicators to measure their performance. At high-frequency, the eddy current energy and Joule energy generated by the HSV will be converted into heat, which has a significantimpact on the service life of HSV. The optimization of HSV involves the interaction between energy loss and the dynamic response of HSV. To optimize the HSV dynamic response time considering energy loss, the HSV work process simulation model was established in this paper, and the model was verified based on armature lift experimental data. Without changing the structural parameters of the HSV, the four parameters of electroconductibility, spring stiffness, damping coefficient, and coil resistance were selected as the key parameters affecting the dynamic response and energy loss. The response surface models (RSMs) of opening response time, closing response time, eddy current energy and Joule energy of the HSV were constructed by using the smoothing spline-analysis of variance method. The multi-objective cooperation optimization of HSV under the interaction of dynamic response characteristics and energy loss was completed by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms. After optimization, the opening and closing response times of HSV were reduced by 15.1% and 16.6% respectively, while the eddy current energy and Joule energy were reduced by 5.2% and 48.4% respectively. In this paper, the dynamic response and energy loss were jointly optimized. The presented results provide theory instruction for multi-objective cooperative optimization of HSV.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modern wireless telecommunication systems, antenna arrays are widely used as elements of multiple – input multiple – output technology. In the fifth-generation systems, arrays are utilized to realize beamforming that forms the radiation pattern of the base station in the direction of the mobileuser. This requires the utilization of many-element antenna arrays that are precisely controlled to achieve the required radiation properties. In this paper we apply the concept of deep neural network to model antenna array radiation properties. In this proof-of-concept research we aim at investigating to what extent it is possible to use deep neural networks for modeling antenna arrays. We consider a full-wave model of linear array with a reflector, which was controlled by the phase and amplitude of the signals feeding the elementary radiators. The applied method made it possible to solve the direct and inverse problems. The results that we obtained show that deep neural networks are able to model antenna array properties.
{"title":"Linear antenna array modeling with deep neural networks","authors":"Paolo Di Barba, Łukasz Januszkiewicz","doi":"10.3233/jae-230086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230086","url":null,"abstract":"In modern wireless telecommunication systems, antenna arrays are widely used as elements of multiple – input multiple – output technology. In the fifth-generation systems, arrays are utilized to realize beamforming that forms the radiation pattern of the base station in the direction of the mobileuser. This requires the utilization of many-element antenna arrays that are precisely controlled to achieve the required radiation properties. In this paper we apply the concept of deep neural network to model antenna array radiation properties. In this proof-of-concept research we aim at investigating to what extent it is possible to use deep neural networks for modeling antenna arrays. We consider a full-wave model of linear array with a reflector, which was controlled by the phase and amplitude of the signals feeding the elementary radiators. The applied method made it possible to solve the direct and inverse problems. The results that we obtained show that deep neural networks are able to model antenna array properties.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138503695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose L. Alvarez-Flores, Gustavo Vera-Reveles, Francisco R. Castillo Soria, L. Soriano-Equigua, F.M. Maciel Barboza, Pablo A. Alcaraz Valencia, Marco Cardenas-Juarez, E.S. Hernandez-Gomez, Jorge Simon
The knowledge of dielectric properties of organic materials at microwave frequencies is important for different applications in agriculture, food, or other similar research areas. The method of the low-cost disturbed cylindrical cavity resonator is a common measurement technique that considers resonant frequency shift when inserting samples of materials inside the cavity. Frequency shifts together with the knowledge of the complex permittivity of a reference material allow the estimation of the permittivity of a material under test. In this paper, the complex permittivity, and the loss tangent of dried and powdered agricultural wastes from the state of Colima in Mexico are obtained at 1.2853. The materials under test are coir and skins of rice, banana, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and papaya since they are one of the most abundant agricultural wastes in the state of Colima in Mexico.
{"title":"Cylindrical cavity resonator for complex permittivity estimation at 1.2853 GHz: Coir and skins of rice, banana, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and papaya","authors":"Jose L. Alvarez-Flores, Gustavo Vera-Reveles, Francisco R. Castillo Soria, L. Soriano-Equigua, F.M. Maciel Barboza, Pablo A. Alcaraz Valencia, Marco Cardenas-Juarez, E.S. Hernandez-Gomez, Jorge Simon","doi":"10.3233/jae-230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230027","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of dielectric properties of organic materials at microwave frequencies is important for different applications in agriculture, food, or other similar research areas. The method of the low-cost disturbed cylindrical cavity resonator is a common measurement technique that considers resonant frequency shift when inserting samples of materials inside the cavity. Frequency shifts together with the knowledge of the complex permittivity of a reference material allow the estimation of the permittivity of a material under test. In this paper, the complex permittivity, and the loss tangent of dried and powdered agricultural wastes from the state of Colima in Mexico are obtained at 1.2853. The materials under test are coir and skins of rice, banana, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and papaya since they are one of the most abundant agricultural wastes in the state of Colima in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benzhen Guo, Desheng Li, Jinshan Tian, Lezhi Ye, Bin Wang, Zequn Li
In this article, a clear and concise analytical method for predicting the performance of a Liquid-cooling eddy current brake (LC-ECB) is proposed. The LC-ECB has a coolant channel in the rotor to allow direct cooling of the inner surface of the stator. The static air-gap magnetic field distribution is obtained by the dynamic magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, and the magnetic flux leakage and global magnetic saturation effects are fully considered. The magnetic field intensity distribution function of the eddy current reaction magnetic field is derived for the first time based on Ampere circuital theorem. Considering the local magnetic saturation and skin effect, a novel double-iteration algorithm based on the conservation principle of magnetic pressure drop is applied to obtain the transient air-gap flux density distribution, and then the brake torque expression is obtained. The finite element method (FEM) and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. The new model is easy to program and can be easily used in the initial design and optimization of LC-ECB.
{"title":"Analytical calculation method of a liquid-cooling eddy current brake considering magnetic saturation and skin effect","authors":"Benzhen Guo, Desheng Li, Jinshan Tian, Lezhi Ye, Bin Wang, Zequn Li","doi":"10.3233/jae-220246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220246","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a clear and concise analytical method for predicting the performance of a Liquid-cooling eddy current brake (LC-ECB) is proposed. The LC-ECB has a coolant channel in the rotor to allow direct cooling of the inner surface of the stator. The static air-gap magnetic field distribution is obtained by the dynamic magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, and the magnetic flux leakage and global magnetic saturation effects are fully considered. The magnetic field intensity distribution function of the eddy current reaction magnetic field is derived for the first time based on Ampere circuital theorem. Considering the local magnetic saturation and skin effect, a novel double-iteration algorithm based on the conservation principle of magnetic pressure drop is applied to obtain the transient air-gap flux density distribution, and then the brake torque expression is obtained. The finite element method (FEM) and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. The new model is easy to program and can be easily used in the initial design and optimization of LC-ECB.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) in wave generator instead of traditional variable speed gearbox can effectively improve torque density and reduce torque ripple. Thus, the operation principle of CMG from the perspective of magnetic field modulation is firstly analyzed in this paper. Then the air gap magnetic fields induced by high-speed and low-speed rotors are studied. And the radial height, inner diameter angle, and outer diameter angle of the modulating pieces (MPs) are optimized by using the combination of response surface method (RSM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the torque transmission capacity of CMG. The CMG is combined with the permanent magnet synchronous machine to get the magnetic-gear permanent magnet synchronous generator (MG-PMSG). The design feasibility of the MG-PMSG is verified from four aspects: static magnetic field analysis, no-load characteristics, load characteristics and load disturbance analysis.
{"title":"Optimization of coaxial magnetic gear and its application in wave power generation","authors":"Hongwei Fang, Ziyan Li","doi":"10.3233/jae-220082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220082","url":null,"abstract":"The application of coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) in wave generator instead of traditional variable speed gearbox can effectively improve torque density and reduce torque ripple. Thus, the operation principle of CMG from the perspective of magnetic field modulation is firstly analyzed in this paper. Then the air gap magnetic fields induced by high-speed and low-speed rotors are studied. And the radial height, inner diameter angle, and outer diameter angle of the modulating pieces (MPs) are optimized by using the combination of response surface method (RSM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the torque transmission capacity of CMG. The CMG is combined with the permanent magnet synchronous machine to get the magnetic-gear permanent magnet synchronous generator (MG-PMSG). The design feasibility of the MG-PMSG is verified from four aspects: static magnetic field analysis, no-load characteristics, load characteristics and load disturbance analysis.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilkin Goksal, Hasan Piskin, Bayram Kocaman, Kutay Akın, Dogukan Cay, Ege Selvi, Vedat Karakas, Sergi Lendinez, Hilal Saglam, Yi Li, John E. Pearson, Ralu Divan, Wei Zhang, Valentine Novosad, Axel Hoffmann, Ozhan Ozatay
Manipulation of antiferromagnetic sublattice orientations, a key challenge in spintronic device applications, requires unconventional methods such as current induced torques including Spin Transfer Torque (STT) and Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT). In order to observe the deviation of the Néel vector from the anisotropy axis, one of the simplest approaches is the electrical detection, whereby one monitors the change in resistance as a function of applied current. In this work, we have investigated the conditions under which an ultra-thin metallic antiferromagnet, Ir20Mn80 becomes susceptible to SOT effects by studying antiferromagnetic layer structure and thickness dependence in antiferromagnetic metal (Ir20Mn80)/heavy metal (Pt) superlattices. Our electrical measurements reveal that in bilayer structures there exists a shallow range of Ir20Mn80 thicknesses (∼1–2 nm) for which SOT driven control of spins is apparent, whereas for lower thicknesses incomplete sublattice formation and for higher thicknesses improved thermal stability prohibits vulnerability to spin currents. Furthermore, in multilayers, structural changes in Ir20Mn80 layer quenches local torques due to stronger (111) magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These results suggest that an exhaustive optimization of the antiferromagnet parameters is crucial for the successful deployment of spintronic devices.
{"title":"Challenges in electrical detection of spin-orbit torque in Ir20Mn80/Pt hetero-structures","authors":"Ilkin Goksal, Hasan Piskin, Bayram Kocaman, Kutay Akın, Dogukan Cay, Ege Selvi, Vedat Karakas, Sergi Lendinez, Hilal Saglam, Yi Li, John E. Pearson, Ralu Divan, Wei Zhang, Valentine Novosad, Axel Hoffmann, Ozhan Ozatay","doi":"10.3233/jae-220298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220298","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulation of antiferromagnetic sublattice orientations, a key challenge in spintronic device applications, requires unconventional methods such as current induced torques including Spin Transfer Torque (STT) and Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT). In order to observe the deviation of the Néel vector from the anisotropy axis, one of the simplest approaches is the electrical detection, whereby one monitors the change in resistance as a function of applied current. In this work, we have investigated the conditions under which an ultra-thin metallic antiferromagnet, Ir20Mn80 becomes susceptible to SOT effects by studying antiferromagnetic layer structure and thickness dependence in antiferromagnetic metal (Ir20Mn80)/heavy metal (Pt) superlattices. Our electrical measurements reveal that in bilayer structures there exists a shallow range of Ir20Mn80 thicknesses (∼1–2 nm) for which SOT driven control of spins is apparent, whereas for lower thicknesses incomplete sublattice formation and for higher thicknesses improved thermal stability prohibits vulnerability to spin currents. Furthermore, in multilayers, structural changes in Ir20Mn80 layer quenches local torques due to stronger (111) magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These results suggest that an exhaustive optimization of the antiferromagnet parameters is crucial for the successful deployment of spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinmin Li, Feilong Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Zhengjie Qiu, Yonglong Wu, Runzhi Zhang
Magnetic gears have attracted the attention of many scholars due to their advantages of low noise, maintenance free, high torque density and inherent overload protection. In this paper, three speed regulation methods of high power magnetic gear transmission system are summarized and proposed, and the finite element analysis of the three speed regulation methods is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The results show that when the sizes of the three magnetic gears are similar, the output torque and load power of the speed regulation method of the magnetic gear using the magnetic field modulated type is the largest. On the contrary, the axial magnetic gear with air gap length regulation method has the lowest output torque and load capacity. Compared with the other two methods, the coupling length regulation method has the minimum eddy current loss and the simple speed regulation structure, which is the most suitable for high power magnetic gear.
{"title":"Research on speed regulation method of high power magnetic gear","authors":"Xinmin Li, Feilong Li, Wing San Tony Hung, Zhengjie Qiu, Yonglong Wu, Runzhi Zhang","doi":"10.3233/jae-230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230046","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic gears have attracted the attention of many scholars due to their advantages of low noise, maintenance free, high torque density and inherent overload protection. In this paper, three speed regulation methods of high power magnetic gear transmission system are summarized and proposed, and the finite element analysis of the three speed regulation methods is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The results show that when the sizes of the three magnetic gears are similar, the output torque and load power of the speed regulation method of the magnetic gear using the magnetic field modulated type is the largest. On the contrary, the axial magnetic gear with air gap length regulation method has the lowest output torque and load capacity. Compared with the other two methods, the coupling length regulation method has the minimum eddy current loss and the simple speed regulation structure, which is the most suitable for high power magnetic gear.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyi Pang, Haitao Yu, Yao Wang, Zhiyuan Che, Murad Ali, Zhicheng Ye
A novel control strategy based on finite time control and super-twisting observer is proposed to improve the control performance and robustness for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) drive system. First of all, the velocity-current single loop control which called non-cascade structure control is proposed by the finite time control, then the response velocity of the PMSLM drive system can be improved. Secondly, to improve the disturbance rejection performance, a super-twisting observer is designed to feedforward the load. Furthermore, the strictly convergence of the proposed control strategy is implemented. Finally, comparative simulations and experiments are designed on PI control, sliding mode control, and the proposed control method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method has better robustness and control performance.
{"title":"Non-cascaded finite time control of PMSLM based on super-twisting observer","authors":"Yuyi Pang, Haitao Yu, Yao Wang, Zhiyuan Che, Murad Ali, Zhicheng Ye","doi":"10.3233/jae-220200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-220200","url":null,"abstract":"A novel control strategy based on finite time control and super-twisting observer is proposed to improve the control performance and robustness for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) drive system. First of all, the velocity-current single loop control which called non-cascade structure control is proposed by the finite time control, then the response velocity of the PMSLM drive system can be improved. Secondly, to improve the disturbance rejection performance, a super-twisting observer is designed to feedforward the load. Furthermore, the strictly convergence of the proposed control strategy is implemented. Finally, comparative simulations and experiments are designed on PI control, sliding mode control, and the proposed control method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method has better robustness and control performance.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlu Du, Yunkai Huang, B. Guo, Zichong Zhu, Fei Peng, Jianning Dong
In this article, an efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for the Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is developed by taking into consideration the nonlinear B-H behavior of soft magnetic materials. Based on the harmonic modeling (HM) technology, the electromagnetic performances (EPs) of the Halbach array PMSM can be computed. To specifically model the local magnetic saturation, the stator teeth are separated into several annular layers, and each tooth is further divided into several regions along the tangential direction. Then, the parameters of the Halbach array PMSM are optimized utilizing combined nonlinear semi-analytical model (SAM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed optimization scheme, a Halbach array prototype is then manufactured in accordance with the optimization results. The multi-objective rapid optimization strategy developed in this article, which includes but is not limited to Halbach array permanent magnet (PM) machines, serves as a reference for the design and optimization of various PM machines.
{"title":"An efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machines based on nonlinear semi-analytical model","authors":"Yunlu Du, Yunkai Huang, B. Guo, Zichong Zhu, Fei Peng, Jianning Dong","doi":"10.3233/jae-230029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-230029","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient multi-objective optimization strategy for the Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is developed by taking into consideration the nonlinear B-H behavior of soft magnetic materials. Based on the harmonic modeling (HM) technology, the electromagnetic performances (EPs) of the Halbach array PMSM can be computed. To specifically model the local magnetic saturation, the stator teeth are separated into several annular layers, and each tooth is further divided into several regions along the tangential direction. Then, the parameters of the Halbach array PMSM are optimized utilizing combined nonlinear semi-analytical model (SAM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed optimization scheme, a Halbach array prototype is then manufactured in accordance with the optimization results. The multi-objective rapid optimization strategy developed in this article, which includes but is not limited to Halbach array permanent magnet (PM) machines, serves as a reference for the design and optimization of various PM machines.","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83551012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue “Spintronics: Fundamental and applications”","authors":"Mario Carpentieri","doi":"10.3233/jae-239002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jae-239002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50340,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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