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Sampling point planning method for aero-engine blade profile based on CMM trigger probe 基于坐标测量机触发测头的航空发动机叶片轮廓采样点规划方法
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13320-5
Le Shi, Jun Luo

In the digital measuring environment, to solve the problem of sampling point planning on the aero-engine blade profile, two requirements should be satisfied: adapting geometry features and keeping the sampling point spacing. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive sampling method, which can flexibly increase or decrease the sampling points according to the curvature. Firstly, according to the geometric characteristics of blade profile, an adaptive sampling method based on the equal moment theory is established. Secondly, a parameterized model based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is used to represent the geometry of the blade profile, and the Hausdorff distance is used to evaluate the error of the fitting curve. Finally, two cases verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. In the simulation, the relationship between the adaptability and the error of the proposed method is analyzed by taking the Sine function as an example. It is obtained by numerical calculations that the error reached the minimum when the adaptive degree r is 0.75. In the actual blade measurement experiment, compared with other methods, the deviation between the reconstructed blade cross-section curve by the proposed method and the theoretical curve is minimum.

在数字化测量环境下,要解决航空发动机叶片轮廓上的采样点规划问题,需要满足两个要求:适应几何特征和保持采样点间距。因此,本文提出了一种自适应采样方法,可根据曲率灵活增减采样点。首先,根据叶片轮廓的几何特征,建立了基于等矩理论的自适应采样方法。其次,使用基于非均匀有理 B 样条(NURBS)的参数化模型来表示叶片轮廓的几何形状,并使用 Hausdorff 距离来评估拟合曲线的误差。最后,两个案例验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。在仿真中,以正弦函数为例分析了所提方法的适应性与误差之间的关系。通过数值计算得出,当自适应度 r 为 0.75 时,误差达到最小。在实际叶片测量实验中,与其他方法相比,建议方法重建的叶片横截面曲线与理论曲线的偏差最小。
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引用次数: 0
Research and process optimization of crankshaft grinding parameters based on Gaussian heat source model 基于高斯热源模型的曲轴磨削参数研究与工艺优化
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13331-2
Siyuan Wang, Qiuyun Mo, Le Li, Yanping Wang, Bin Huang, Kunming Liu

In the grinding process of crankshafts, the grinding parameters were improperly selected, which easily caused the high temperature in the grinding zone and led to burns on the crankshaft journal surface. To address this issue, referencing previous studies, the suitability of the Gaussian heat source model was verified by comparing it with three different heat source models. The Gaussian heat source model was applied to predict the temperature on the surface of the crankshaft connecting rod journal. Transient thermal analysis and investigation of material phase transformation were employed to explore the mechanism of grinding burns. The interaction effects among grinding parameters were analyzed using the Box-Behnken design, and a multiple linear regression equation was established for response surface optimization. The results demonstrated that applying the Gaussian heat source model and response surface optimization yielded the optimal solution, with a maximum deviation of 1.37% between the simulation and optimization results. By selecting a grinding depth (ap) of 0.40 mm, wheel speed (vs) of 40.00 m/s, and feed rate (vx) of 0.036 mm/s as the processing parameters, the temperature in the grinding zone was reduced to 659.37 °C, effectively mitigating grinding burns.

在曲轴的磨削过程中,磨削参数选择不当,容易造成磨削区温度过高,导致曲轴轴颈表面烧伤。针对这一问题,参考之前的研究,通过将高斯热源模型与三种不同的热源模型进行比较,验证了高斯热源模型的适用性。高斯热源模型被用于预测曲轴连杆轴颈表面的温度。采用瞬态热分析和材料相变研究来探索磨削烧伤的机理。采用方框-贝肯设计分析了磨削参数之间的交互效应,并建立了响应面优化的多元线性回归方程。结果表明,应用高斯热源模型和响应面优化可获得最优解,模拟结果与优化结果之间的最大偏差为 1.37%。通过选择磨削深度(ap)为 0.40 mm、砂轮速度(vs)为 40.00 m/s、进给速度(vx)为 0.036 mm/s作为加工参数,磨削区的温度降低到 659.37 °C,有效地减轻了磨削烧伤。
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引用次数: 0
Pore form and size dependence on plastic joining characteristics of resin/metallic foam by friction stir incremental forming 通过搅拌摩擦增量成型实现树脂/金属泡沫的塑性连接特性与孔隙形式和尺寸的关系
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13405-1
Ryo Matsumoto, Shusuke Kunisawa, Hiroshi Utsunomiya

A metallic foam specimen was plastically joined with a resin (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) sheet by applying friction stir incremental forming (FSIF) process. In FSIF process, a rotating flat-ended (no probe) rod tool was pushed vertically and fed horizontally against the resin sheet which was placed on the foam. The tool operation heated frictionally the resin and deformed incrementally to the resin, while the tool operation did not deform plastically to the cellular matrix of the foam. Due to the plastic flow of the heated resin, the bottom of the resin was interlocked mechanically to the pores near the top surface of the foam. In this study, the relationship between the pore morphology (form and size) and the joining characteristics (joinability, flow thickness of the resin, and joining strength) was investigated using commercial open-cell nickel and closed-cell aluminum foams. According to the experimental investigations, the foam with small size and low depression angle of the surface pore showed better results in relation with the joining strength and the (flow thickness of the resin)/(depth of the surface pore).

通过采用摩擦搅拌增量成形(FSIF)工艺,将金属泡沫试样与树脂(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)板进行塑性连接。在 FSIF 工艺中,一个旋转的平头(无探针)棒状工具被垂直推送并水平送入放置在泡沫上的树脂板。工具操作摩擦加热树脂并使树脂发生增量变形,而工具操作不会使泡沫的蜂窝基质发生塑性变形。由于加热树脂的塑性流动,树脂底部与泡沫顶面附近的孔隙发生了机械交错。本研究使用商用开孔镍泡沫和闭孔铝泡沫研究了孔隙形态(形状和大小)与接合特性(接合性、树脂流动厚度和接合强度)之间的关系。实验结果表明,表面孔隙尺寸小、凹陷角度低的泡沫在接合强度和(树脂流动厚度)/(表面孔隙深度)方面表现较好。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of laser separation distance on the mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy T joint in double-sided laser beam oscillation filler welding 双面激光束振荡填充焊中激光分离距离对 2219 铝合金 T 型接头力学性能的影响
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13391-4

Abstract

The laser separation distance (distance between the two lasers in welding direction) in double-sided laser beam oscillation filler welding is difficult to precisely control. To evaluate the effect of laser separation distance on the mechanical properties of T joints, 2219 aluminum alloy double-sided laser beam oscillation filler welding experiments with different laser separation distances were conducted in this work. With laser separation, the symmetry of fusion zone was weakened. The keyhole stability at latter welding side was weakened. The number of pores in the T joint increased. The laser separation distance promoted the formation of porosity at latter welding side and the formation of porosity in the stringer. Most of the cracks in the tensile tests at the weld foot propagated in the partially melted zone. Porosity has no significant influence on the tensile strength of T joints. When laser separation distance was 3 mm, the mechanical performance of T joint was the best. The hoop tensile strength was 370.0 MPa. The T-pull tensile strength was 309.5 MPa. Based on the results of tensile strength testing, the mechanical performance of T joints welded by double-sided laser beam oscillation filler welding did not deteriorate with the laser separation distance less than or equal to 3 mm, which showed a good tolerance of laser separation distance for the welding process.

摘要 在双面激光束振荡填充焊接中,激光分离距离(焊接方向上两束激光之间的距离)很难精确控制。为了评估激光分离距离对 T 型接头力学性能的影响,本文进行了 2219 铝合金双面激光束振荡填充焊实验,实验中采用了不同的激光分离距离。随着激光分离,熔合区的对称性减弱。后一焊接侧的键孔稳定性减弱。T 型接头中的气孔数量增加。激光分隔距离促进了后焊接侧气孔的形成,也促进了纵梁气孔的形成。焊脚拉伸试验中的大多数裂纹都在部分熔化区扩展。气孔对 T 型接头的抗拉强度没有明显影响。当激光分离距离为 3 毫米时,T 型接头的机械性能最好。箍筋拉伸强度为 370.0 兆帕。T 型拉伸强度为 309.5 兆帕。根据拉伸强度测试结果,采用双面激光束振荡填充焊焊接的 T 型接头的机械性能在激光间距小于或等于 3 mm 时没有恶化,这表明焊接工艺对激光间距有较好的容差。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement on leveling ability in counter-rotating electrochemical machining by using a variable voltage 使用可变电压提高反向旋转电化学加工的平整能力
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13395-0
Guowei Cui, Dengyong Wang, Zengwei Zhu, Wenjian Cao, Tianyu Fu

Roundness error plays an important role of rotating parts in engineering fields and it has a significant influence on the machining quality and accuracy during electrochemical machining (ECM) process. The precision ECM could be processed only if the initial roundness error is decreased or eliminated and the inter-electrode gap (IEG) becomes steady after reaching an equilibrium state. However, a constant voltage is generally used in ECM process. And a long time and a large allowance are required to level the profile error of workblank if the initial profile error is large. In this study, the focus herein is on the acceleration of the leveling process of the rotary workpiece. A counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) process method with a variable voltage is proposed to improve the leveling ability. For a rotary workpiece with elliptical contours, the machining voltage can be dynamically adjusted based on the IEG through the approximate regulation of sine waves according to modeling-based analysis. The method aims to improve the leveling ability by expanding the difference in the magnitude of electric current between the high and low points on the profile of the anode workpiece under different voltages. The results of experiments confirmed that the proposed method significantly reduced the leveling time from 36 to 7 min (by 81%), and the depth of dissolution of the highest point on the profile from 1.68 to 0.45 mm while reducing the roundness error from 0.5 to 0.05 mm. The leveling ratio increased from 0.26 to 0.99.

在工程领域,圆度误差对旋转零件起着重要作用,它对电化学加工(ECM)过程中的加工质量和精度有重大影响。只有减少或消除初始圆度误差,并使电极间隙 (IEG) 达到平衡状态后趋于稳定,才能加工出精密的 ECM。然而,在 ECM 加工中通常使用恒定电压。如果初始轮廓误差较大,则需要较长的时间和较大的余量来消除工件毛坯的轮廓误差。本研究的重点是旋转工件矫平过程的加速。为提高矫平能力,提出了一种带可变电压的反转电化学加工(CRECM)工艺方法。对于轮廓为椭圆形的旋转工件,可根据建模分析,通过近似调节正弦波,根据 IEG 动态调节加工电压。该方法旨在通过扩大不同电压下阳极工件轮廓上高点和低点之间的电流大小差来提高矫平能力。实验结果证实,所提出的方法大大缩短了整平时间,从 36 分钟缩短到 7 分钟(缩短了 81%),剖面上最高点的溶解深度从 1.68 毫米减少到 0.45 毫米,圆度误差从 0.5 毫米减少到 0.05 毫米。整平率从 0.26 提高到 0.99。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive cylindricity measurements with the use of circumferential section strategy 利用圆周截面策略进行自适应圆柱度测量
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13404-2
Dariusz Janecki, Krzysztof Stępień, Stanisław Adamczak

The cross-sectional method is undoubtedly the most widely used method of measuring cylindricity. The method consists of measurements of roundness profiles in several cross-sections of the cylindrical surface. Usually, the distance between subsequent cross-sections is equal. The number of cross-sections used depends on the required accuracy of the assessment of the cylindricity deviation. If one wants to get only rough estimation of the cylindricity deviation, then the measurement can be made in a few cross-sections only. However, if the required measurement accuracy is high, measurements should be carried out in a large number of cross-sections. The consequence of taking the measurements in a large number of sections is significant extension of the measurement time. In this work, an adaptive method of measuring cylindricity is proposed, the purpose of which is to ensure the required measurement accuracy while reducing the necessary number of cross-sections in which roundness profile measurements should be conducted. The proposed strategy is iterative and it is based on carrying out measurements in the cross-sections of the measured part. The proposed method implies two criteria: the correlation coefficient and the predicted values of the form deviations in the non-measured areas of the measured part. The paper presents the fundamentals of the method and the selected results of its practical verification. The experimental results show the ability of the new method to measure the form deviations of cylindrical parts.

截面法无疑是应用最广泛的圆柱度测量方法。该方法包括测量圆柱表面多个截面的圆度轮廓。通常,后续截面之间的距离相等。使用的截面数量取决于对圆柱度偏差评估精度的要求。如果只想获得圆柱度偏差的粗略估计,那么可以只在几个截面上进行测量。但是,如果测量精度要求较高,则应在大量横截面上进行测量。在大量截面上进行测量的后果是大大延长了测量时间。在这项工作中,提出了一种测量圆柱度的自适应方法,其目的是确保所需的测量精度,同时减少进行圆度轮廓测量所需的截面数量。所提出的策略是迭代式的,以在被测零件的横截面上进行测量为基础。建议的方法有两个标准:相关系数和被测零件非测量区域的形状偏差预测值。本文介绍了该方法的基本原理及其实际验证的选定结果。实验结果表明,新方法能够测量圆柱形零件的形状偏差。
{"title":"Adaptive cylindricity measurements with the use of circumferential section strategy","authors":"Dariusz Janecki, Krzysztof Stępień, Stanisław Adamczak","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13404-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13404-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cross-sectional method is undoubtedly the most widely used method of measuring cylindricity. The method consists of measurements of roundness profiles in several cross-sections of the cylindrical surface. Usually, the distance between subsequent cross-sections is equal. The number of cross-sections used depends on the required accuracy of the assessment of the cylindricity deviation. If one wants to get only rough estimation of the cylindricity deviation, then the measurement can be made in a few cross-sections only. However, if the required measurement accuracy is high, measurements should be carried out in a large number of cross-sections. The consequence of taking the measurements in a large number of sections is significant extension of the measurement time. In this work, an adaptive method of measuring cylindricity is proposed, the purpose of which is to ensure the required measurement accuracy while reducing the necessary number of cross-sections in which roundness profile measurements should be conducted. The proposed strategy is iterative and it is based on carrying out measurements in the cross-sections of the measured part. The proposed method implies two criteria: the correlation coefficient and the predicted values of the form deviations in the non-measured areas of the measured part. The paper presents the fundamentals of the method and the selected results of its practical verification. The experimental results show the ability of the new method to measure the form deviations of cylindrical parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Principle and effectiveness of ice fixation clamping in the milling of GH4099 superalloy honeycomb core 铣削 GH4099 超合金蜂窝芯时冰固定夹具的原理和效果
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13367-4
Yongqing Wang, Shaowei Jiang, Kuo Liu, Yuebing Yang, Yueshuai Zuo, Lingsheng Han, Haibo Liu

In order to address the existing challenges in the filling clamping methods of metal honeycomb core, such as slow efficiency, difficult post-processing, easy damage to the honeycomb wall, and lack of environmental friendliness, a new method called integral immersion ice fixation clamping for metal honeycomb core was proposed. This study conducted analytical calculations and test analysis on the mechanical properties of superalloy honeycomb core and artificial ice. It elucidated the mechanism of the metal honeycomb core with ice fixation constraint action and verified the effectiveness of ice fixation clamping through cutting tests and finite element simulation methods. The results indicate that introducing the ice fixation clamping method in metal honeycomb core machining provides sufficient support and adhesive strength for the honeycomb wall, reducing the maximum vibration amplitude by approximately 32.77 to 50.57%. When the height of the machined honeycomb core specimen is h ≥ 3 mm, it can prevent axial displacement of the honeycomb wall under the action of cutting force. The ice fixation clamping method improves the ability of the honeycomb core side wall to resist radial deformation and machining stability, and enables the machining quality of the honeycomb core with low damage, and low roughness. This research provides a new method and basic guidance for the reliable clamping of thin-walled porous metal components.

针对目前金属蜂窝芯填充夹持方法存在的效率慢、后处理困难、蜂窝壁易损坏、不环保等难题,提出了一种新的金属蜂窝芯整体浸冰固定夹持方法。该研究对超合金蜂窝芯和人工冰的力学性能进行了分析计算和试验分析。它阐明了金属蜂窝芯在冰固定约束作用下的机理,并通过切削试验和有限元模拟方法验证了冰固定夹持的有效性。结果表明,在金属蜂窝芯加工中引入冰固定夹持方法可为蜂窝壁提供足够的支撑和粘附强度,使最大振幅降低约 32.77% 至 50.57%。当加工的蜂窝芯试样高度 h≥ 3 mm 时,可防止蜂窝壁在切削力作用下发生轴向位移。冰固定夹持法提高了蜂窝芯侧壁抗径向变形能力和加工稳定性,使蜂窝芯的加工质量损伤小、粗糙度低。这项研究为薄壁多孔金属部件的可靠装夹提供了一种新方法和基本指导。
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引用次数: 0
Through hole-cutting conic posture optimization for a redundant 3D laser cutting machine 优化冗余 3D 激光切割机的通孔切割圆锥姿态
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13252-0
Zhipeng Ding, Pietro Soccio, Marina Indri, Alessandro Rizzo

Productively reducing the time required to cut numerous through holes in automotive workpieces is crucial for enhancing parts manufacturing in the 3D laser cutting process. However, the conventional cutting strategy, in which the laser beam maintains a stationary posture along the hole path, lacks flexibility and fails to effectively leverage processing tolerances. In this study, we conduct a thorough analysis of the kinematics of a six-axis redundant laser cutting machine and resolve through a decoupling method with singularity management. We propose an innovative conic posture cutting strategy for 3D laser hole-cutting with thin materials. This approach adopts the geometry of a cone as the posture while cutting the hole path. In order to obtain the optimal vertex of the cone while minimizing the taper error generated by the conic posture and kinetic energy consumption of the actuators during motion, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem and solve it using a genetic algorithm. Furthermore, we enhance the optimization by adopting a time minimization approach. Through the implementation of a B-pillar workpiece cutting experiment, we have successfully validated the credibility of our proposed cutting strategy, thereby demonstrating an enhancement of time on 26 hole-cutting paths.

有效缩短在汽车工件上切割大量通孔所需的时间,对于提高三维激光切割工艺中的零件制造水平至关重要。然而,传统的切割策略(激光束沿孔路径保持静止姿态)缺乏灵活性,无法有效利用加工公差。在本研究中,我们对六轴冗余激光切割机的运动学进行了深入分析,并通过奇异性管理解耦方法加以解决。我们为薄材料的三维激光孔切割提出了一种创新的圆锥姿态切割策略。该方法采用圆锥体的几何形状作为切割孔路径的姿态。为了获得圆锥体的最佳顶点,同时最大限度地减少圆锥姿态产生的锥度误差和运动过程中致动器的动能消耗,我们提出了一个多目标优化问题,并使用遗传算法进行了求解。此外,我们还采用了时间最小化方法来增强优化效果。通过实施 B 柱工件切割实验,我们成功地验证了我们所提出的切割策略的可信度,从而证明了在 26 个孔切割路径上时间的延长。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction and analysis of grinding force on grinding heads based on grain measurement statistics and single-grain grinding simulation 基于晶粒测量统计和单晶粒磨削模拟的磨削头磨削力预测和分析
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13370-9
Baichun Li, Xiaokun Li, Shenghui Hou, Shangru Yang, Zhi Li, Junze Qian, Zhenpeng He

Reliable prediction of the grinding force is essential for improving the grinding efficiency and service life of the grinding head. To better optimize and control the grinding process of the grinding head, this paper proposes a grinding force prediction method of the grinding head that combines surface measurement, statistical analysis, and finite element method (FEM). Firstly, a grinding head surface measurement system is constructed according to the principle of focused imaging. The distribution model of abrasive grains in terms of size, spacing, and protruding height has been established by measuring and counting the characteristics of abrasive grains on the surface of a real grinding head. Then, the undeformed chip thicknesses when the abrasive grains are cut are analyzed in depth, the material model of abrasive grains and workpiece is established, and the cutting process of abrasive grains with different characteristics on the surface of the grinding head is analyzed by finite element simulation. A single abrasive grain grinding force model is obtained. Finally, the grinding force prediction of the grinding head was realized by combining finite element simulation with grinding kinematics analysis. In addition, grinding experiments with different grinding parameters were conducted to verify the grinding force prediction model. The results show that the predicted grinding force of the grinding head is in good agreement with the experimental values. The average error of tangential grinding force is 7.42%, and the average error of normal grinding force is 9.77%. This indicates that the grinding force prediction method has good accuracy and reliability.

可靠的磨削力预测对提高磨削效率和磨头使用寿命至关重要。为了更好地优化和控制磨头的磨削过程,本文提出了一种结合表面测量、统计分析和有限元法(FEM)的磨头磨削力预测方法。首先,根据聚焦成像原理构建了磨头表面测量系统。通过测量和统计真实磨头表面磨粒的特征,建立了磨粒尺寸、间距和突出高度的分布模型。然后,深入分析了磨粒切削时的未变形切屑厚度,建立了磨粒和工件的材料模型,并通过有限元模拟分析了磨头表面不同特性磨粒的切削过程。得到了单一磨粒磨削力模型。最后,通过将有限元模拟与磨削运动学分析相结合,实现了磨头磨削力的预测。此外,还进行了不同磨削参数的磨削实验,以验证磨削力预测模型。结果表明,磨头磨削力的预测值与实验值吻合良好。切向磨削力的平均误差为 7.42%,法向磨削力的平均误差为 9.77%。这表明磨削力预测方法具有良好的准确性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
304-Ni60B (NiCrBSi) composite components using WAAM-LC integrated hybrid manufacturing 利用 WAAM-LC 集成混合制造技术制造 304-Ni60B(NiCrBSi)复合材料部件
IF 3.4 3区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-13376-3
Fangyong Niu, Weiming Bi, Zhonghai Liu, Xiong Sun, Guangyi Ma, Dongjiang Wu

The demand for surface wear-resistant metal components is increasing, but the current traditional preparation method of surface heat treatment for forgings and castings can hardly satisfy the trend of green development. In this study, we developed wire arc additive manufacturing laser cladding (WAAM-LC) hybrid manufacturing technology for the integrated preparation of 304 component with Ni60B reinforced coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 WAAM entity and Ni60B coating were systematically investigated. The results show that a good metallurgical bond is achieved between the Ni60B coating and 304 substrate. Both γ-Fe and δ-Fe phases appear in the 304 WAAM region, and γ-(Ni,Fe), FeNi3, (Cr,Fe)mCn, and NimSin phases are detected in the Ni60B LC coating. Slender columnar crystals and cellular crystals coexist in the 304 bonding region, while the bottom of the Ni60B coating consists of plane crystal and columnar crystals. Both molten pools appear to have a haphazardly growing dendrite structure inside. Compared to the 304 substrate, the hardness of Ni60B coating increases by 2.76 times, and the friction and wear mass loss is only 10.54% of the 304, significantly improving the wear resistance of the 304 substrate. This work indicates that WAAM-LC hybrid technology is expected to become a promising new solution for manufacturing surface wear-resistant metal components.

Graphical Abstract

人们对表面耐磨金属部件的需求与日俱增,但目前传统的锻件和铸件表面热处理制备方法难以满足绿色发展的趋势。本研究开发了线弧快速成型激光熔覆(WAAM-LC)混合制造技术,用于 304 构件与 Ni60B 增强涂层的一体化制备。系统研究了 304 WAAM 实体和 Ni60B 涂层的微观结构和力学性能。结果表明,Ni60B 涂层与 304 基体之间实现了良好的冶金结合。在 304 WAAM 区域出现了 γ-Fe 和 δ-Fe 相,在 Ni60B LC 涂层中检测到了γ-(Ni,Fe)、FeNi3、(Cr,Fe)mCn 和 NimSin 相。细长的柱状晶体和蜂窝状晶体共存于 304 结合区域,而 Ni60B 镀层的底部则由平面晶体和柱状晶体组成。两个熔池内部似乎都有杂乱生长的枝晶结构。与 304 基体相比,Ni60B 涂层的硬度提高了 2.76 倍,摩擦磨损质量损失仅为 304 基体的 10.54%,显著提高了 304 基体的耐磨性。这项工作表明,WAAM-LC 混合技术有望成为制造表面耐磨金属部件的一种前景广阔的新解决方案。 图文摘要
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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