Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193798
Carlos Gámez-Pérez
Science-and-literature studies are a relatively new endeavour, having emerged as a main topic in the last decades, especially in the Anglo-American academy, but also in other academic traditions (Willis 2014). The proposal of some exponents of this emergent field is to erase the boundaries between science and culture and, by extension, between nature and society. The latter was initiated in the Early Modern episteme by Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle, as Bruno Latour suggests in We Have Never Been Modern (1993, 47), quoting Leviathan and the Air Pump by Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin. Although during the whole twentieth century, in English-speaking academia, the relationship between science and literature was not negligible, especially with poetry, as Lance Schachterle very well describes in the introduction of the Encyclopedia of Literature and Science (Gossin 2002). This dialogue started to become particularly intense during the last decades of the twentieth century. The claim for a dialogue is at the centre of Order out of Chaos (1984), written by physicist Ilya Prigogine and historian of science Isabelle Stengers to overcome the separation between the two cultures denounced by C. P. Snow (1959). During the first decades of the twenty-first century, the field has strongly developed frommultiple and different perspectives. Important handbooks on science-and-literature studies have been published, such as Pamela Gossin’s Encyclopedia of Literature and Science (2002), crafted as an introduction for students, instructors and interdisciplinary scholars in an encyclopaedic manner, or The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science (2011), edited by Bruce Clarke and Manuela Rossini, focused on the humanistic perspective and dedicated primarily to literature in English. Other publications have compiled the academic interaction and dialogue between scientists, writers, artists and humanists, such as #Nodos (2017), edited by Gustavo Schwartz and Víctor Bermúdez. Furthermore, recently different academic institutions launched several projects on science-and-literature studies. From a European perspective, one should mention the ambitious project developed around Bremen and Oldenburg in north-western Germany, Fiction Meets Science (FMS). FMS constructs a dialogue between experts in science studies (sociologist, historians) and experts in literary studies, including
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"Carlos Gámez-Pérez","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193798","url":null,"abstract":"Science-and-literature studies are a relatively new endeavour, having emerged as a main topic in the last decades, especially in the Anglo-American academy, but also in other academic traditions (Willis 2014). The proposal of some exponents of this emergent field is to erase the boundaries between science and culture and, by extension, between nature and society. The latter was initiated in the Early Modern episteme by Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle, as Bruno Latour suggests in We Have Never Been Modern (1993, 47), quoting Leviathan and the Air Pump by Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin. Although during the whole twentieth century, in English-speaking academia, the relationship between science and literature was not negligible, especially with poetry, as Lance Schachterle very well describes in the introduction of the Encyclopedia of Literature and Science (Gossin 2002). This dialogue started to become particularly intense during the last decades of the twentieth century. The claim for a dialogue is at the centre of Order out of Chaos (1984), written by physicist Ilya Prigogine and historian of science Isabelle Stengers to overcome the separation between the two cultures denounced by C. P. Snow (1959). During the first decades of the twenty-first century, the field has strongly developed frommultiple and different perspectives. Important handbooks on science-and-literature studies have been published, such as Pamela Gossin’s Encyclopedia of Literature and Science (2002), crafted as an introduction for students, instructors and interdisciplinary scholars in an encyclopaedic manner, or The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science (2011), edited by Bruce Clarke and Manuela Rossini, focused on the humanistic perspective and dedicated primarily to literature in English. Other publications have compiled the academic interaction and dialogue between scientists, writers, artists and humanists, such as #Nodos (2017), edited by Gustavo Schwartz and Víctor Bermúdez. Furthermore, recently different academic institutions launched several projects on science-and-literature studies. From a European perspective, one should mention the ambitious project developed around Bremen and Oldenburg in north-western Germany, Fiction Meets Science (FMS). FMS constructs a dialogue between experts in science studies (sociologist, historians) and experts in literary studies, including","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"429 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193802
Wolfgang Funk
ABSTRACT This article argues for a specifically female appropriation and reshaping of the epic tradition in the wake of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. Based on an analysis of Mathilde Blind’s The Ascent of Man and Louisa Sarah Bevington’s ‘Unto this Present’, it will show how this ‘female evolutionary epic’ responds to and counteracts Social Darwinist narratives of competition and struggle by emphasizing forces of (maternal) gestation, co-operation and sympathy in the development of life on earth. In doing so, these poems anticipate Peter Kropotkin’s notion of ‘mutual aid’ as the primary factor in evolution.
{"title":"‘Life built herself a myriad forms’: epics of gestation and co-operation in late nineteenth-century women’s poetry","authors":"Wolfgang Funk","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues for a specifically female appropriation and reshaping of the epic tradition in the wake of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. Based on an analysis of Mathilde Blind’s The Ascent of Man and Louisa Sarah Bevington’s ‘Unto this Present’, it will show how this ‘female evolutionary epic’ responds to and counteracts Social Darwinist narratives of competition and struggle by emphasizing forces of (maternal) gestation, co-operation and sympathy in the development of life on earth. In doing so, these poems anticipate Peter Kropotkin’s notion of ‘mutual aid’ as the primary factor in evolution.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"484 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193795
M. Vara
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the function of the magic lantern, a seventeenth-century scientific invention with the ability to project frightening images painted on transparent slides, as a literary device intrinsically connected to the Gothic genre. Darkness, foul weather, animated portraits, eerie apparitions, crumbling abbeys and half-demolished tombs team with physics and optics in an intricate swirl of exchanges between literature and visual technology, still relevant today. These exchanges are vividly illustrated in Girona’s spectacular Museu del Cinema – Col·lecció Tomàs Mallol.
{"title":"The magic lantern as a Gothic literary instrument","authors":"M. Vara","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193795","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the function of the magic lantern, a seventeenth-century scientific invention with the ability to project frightening images painted on transparent slides, as a literary device intrinsically connected to the Gothic genre. Darkness, foul weather, animated portraits, eerie apparitions, crumbling abbeys and half-demolished tombs team with physics and optics in an intricate swirl of exchanges between literature and visual technology, still relevant today. These exchanges are vividly illustrated in Girona’s spectacular Museu del Cinema – Col·lecció Tomàs Mallol.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"533 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49400351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193793
J. Holmes
ABSTRACT In his cosmological epic Man, Ronald Duncan attempted to bridge the perceived divide between science and poetry. To do so, he had to find an aesthetically effective way to incorporate scientific data into poetry while using the form of the modernist long poem to replicate the insatiable processes of enquiry that he saw as defining science itself. Duncan’s dialogic engagement with science and scientists instigated in turn the creation of a new kind of reference work, The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance, sharing and promoting the same conception of science as Man.
{"title":"The poetics of enquiry in Ronald Duncan’s Man","authors":"J. Holmes","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193793","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In his cosmological epic Man, Ronald Duncan attempted to bridge the perceived divide between science and poetry. To do so, he had to find an aesthetically effective way to incorporate scientific data into poetry while using the form of the modernist long poem to replicate the insatiable processes of enquiry that he saw as defining science itself. Duncan’s dialogic engagement with science and scientists instigated in turn the creation of a new kind of reference work, The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance, sharing and promoting the same conception of science as Man.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"511 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193804
Benito García-Valero
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to contribute to the resignification of the queer as a valid category both in science and literary studies. It puts forward a criticism of the queer as a cultural construct and enhances its definition with evidence from the sciences of biology and quantum physics. Finally, it claims the validity of queer perspectives to understand the slippage between categories in any epistemology.
{"title":"Queerness in science and literature: towards a ‘naturalization’ of the queer in the crossroads of physics, biology, and literary theory","authors":"Benito García-Valero","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193804","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to contribute to the resignification of the queer as a valid category both in science and literary studies. It puts forward a criticism of the queer as a cultural construct and enhances its definition with evidence from the sciences of biology and quantum physics. Finally, it claims the validity of queer perspectives to understand the slippage between categories in any epistemology.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"437 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193801
Jorge García López
ABSTRACT Martín Martínez was born in Madrid in 1684 and died fifty years later in the Spanish capital in 1734. He was one of the introducers of medicine and modern philosophy in the Spain of Philip V (Marañón 1962, 130). He is a focus for many of the aspects that bring together scientific research with literary writing and philosophical reflection. In fact, Martinez systematically considered the usefulness of writing science books in Spanish at the same time as he reflected on the scope of Cartesian or Gassendist philosophy and its relationship with scientific research in the sense that some sixty years earlier Robert Boyle had defined it in his The Sceptical Chymist (1661). He is therefore a model figure for observing the penetration of the Scientific Revolution in Spain in the early years of the eighteenth century.
{"title":"Science, philosophy and literature in the early Spanish Enlightenment: the case of Martin Martinez","authors":"Jorge García López","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193801","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Martín Martínez was born in Madrid in 1684 and died fifty years later in the Spanish capital in 1734. He was one of the introducers of medicine and modern philosophy in the Spain of Philip V (Marañón 1962, 130). He is a focus for many of the aspects that bring together scientific research with literary writing and philosophical reflection. In fact, Martinez systematically considered the usefulness of writing science books in Spanish at the same time as he reflected on the scope of Cartesian or Gassendist philosophy and its relationship with scientific research in the sense that some sixty years earlier Robert Boyle had defined it in his The Sceptical Chymist (1661). He is therefore a model figure for observing the penetration of the Scientific Revolution in Spain in the early years of the eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"471 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193803
Michael H. Whitworth
ABSTRACT Both Mina Loy’s autobiographical poem ‘Anglo-Mongrels and the Rose’ and C. Day Lewis’s From Feathers to Iron are cognizant of epic without reproducing the conventions of epic narrative. In part, the epic quality of both comes from their depiction or implication of epic scales as a backdrop for human action. Unfamiliar scales were found in many sciences, with astronomy and cosmology being the most prominent in the early twentieth century. The essay considers Loy’s scientific diction and Day Lewis’s sources in popular science and astronomy works by A. S. Eddington and James Jeans.
{"title":"Wide horizons: science and epic in Mina Loy’s ‘Anglo-Mongrels and the Rose’ and C. Day Lewis’s From Feathers to Iron","authors":"Michael H. Whitworth","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193803","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Both Mina Loy’s autobiographical poem ‘Anglo-Mongrels and the Rose’ and C. Day Lewis’s From Feathers to Iron are cognizant of epic without reproducing the conventions of epic narrative. In part, the epic quality of both comes from their depiction or implication of epic scales as a backdrop for human action. Unfamiliar scales were found in many sciences, with astronomy and cosmology being the most prominent in the early twentieth century. The essay considers Loy’s scientific diction and Day Lewis’s sources in popular science and astronomy works by A. S. Eddington and James Jeans.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"498 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46781012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193794
Sophia Denissi
ABSTRACT Crime fiction was introduced to the Greek reading public at an early period, first through the translation of works of Émile Gaboriau (1878) and later through the works of Arthur Conan Doyle from 1905 onward. Their effect can be seen in the first Greek crime fiction novel, by an anonymous writer, serialized in 1913 in the periodical Hellas, entitled Sherlock Holmes Saving Mr. Venizelos, who was the Greek Prime Minister of the time. The novel, that takes place in London, is a hybrid of a political and a crime fiction novel, using Doyle’s forensic methods and electrical devices for its resolution. In this paper we will try to see how far this Greek by-product of the Holmes tradition follows the scientific approach of the original Doyle works, using his forensic methods as well as technological inventions of the time to solve the case.
{"title":"Sherlock Holmes saving Mr. Venizelos: using science in an early Greek crime fiction novel","authors":"Sophia Denissi","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crime fiction was introduced to the Greek reading public at an early period, first through the translation of works of Émile Gaboriau (1878) and later through the works of Arthur Conan Doyle from 1905 onward. Their effect can be seen in the first Greek crime fiction novel, by an anonymous writer, serialized in 1913 in the periodical Hellas, entitled Sherlock Holmes Saving Mr. Venizelos, who was the Greek Prime Minister of the time. The novel, that takes place in London, is a hybrid of a political and a crime fiction novel, using Doyle’s forensic methods and electrical devices for its resolution. In this paper we will try to see how far this Greek by-product of the Holmes tradition follows the scientific approach of the original Doyle works, using his forensic methods as well as technological inventions of the time to solve the case.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"54 3-4","pages":"524 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41308794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193806
H. Massegur
The challenge of organizing the fourth International Conference on Science and Literature in a post-pandemic scenario, after multiple postponements, meetings, videoconferences and other inconveniences, finally became a reality on 30 June to 2 July 2022 in Girona. The effects of the pandemic on webinars, zooms, etc. were felt when it came to confirming the participation of speakers, with a certain tendency to avoid travel and consequent expenses, which made the organization’s task more arduous. In spite of everything, we went ahead to achieve the objective we had set ourselves. Fortunately, the quality of the speakers provided ‘the pillars of wisdom’ that supported and gave shape to the edifice we had sketched out. When the level of the participants is so high, it is difficult to single out the best of the best. After 3 days of intense work and grateful for the invaluable collaboration and understanding of all the participants, we are satisfied with the result obtained, despite a certain bitter taste due to the perception that the pandemic situation has changed the soul of the Congresses. We hope that videoconferences will remain a type of scientific communication but not the way of communication. The other great concern or question is how tomake the university community, especially the new generations, interested in a multidisciplinary, let us say, Renaissance education, which does not lead them to super-specialization and the creation of isolated worlds without seeing or knowing the relationship between the scientific world and the humanistic world. In any case, the high quality of the participants at the conference and the depth and complexity of the themes have left a hope of better times and, as Leonard Cohen sings:
{"title":"Preface","authors":"H. Massegur","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2193806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2193806","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of organizing the fourth International Conference on Science and Literature in a post-pandemic scenario, after multiple postponements, meetings, videoconferences and other inconveniences, finally became a reality on 30 June to 2 July 2022 in Girona. The effects of the pandemic on webinars, zooms, etc. were felt when it came to confirming the participation of speakers, with a certain tendency to avoid travel and consequent expenses, which made the organization’s task more arduous. In spite of everything, we went ahead to achieve the objective we had set ourselves. Fortunately, the quality of the speakers provided ‘the pillars of wisdom’ that supported and gave shape to the edifice we had sketched out. When the level of the participants is so high, it is difficult to single out the best of the best. After 3 days of intense work and grateful for the invaluable collaboration and understanding of all the participants, we are satisfied with the result obtained, despite a certain bitter taste due to the perception that the pandemic situation has changed the soul of the Congresses. We hope that videoconferences will remain a type of scientific communication but not the way of communication. The other great concern or question is how tomake the university community, especially the new generations, interested in a multidisciplinary, let us say, Renaissance education, which does not lead them to super-specialization and the creation of isolated worlds without seeing or knowing the relationship between the scientific world and the humanistic world. In any case, the high quality of the participants at the conference and the depth and complexity of the themes have left a hope of better times and, as Leonard Cohen sings:","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"427 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2193805
Isabel Jaén-Portillo
ABSTRACT In this short essay, I want to address the relationship between positivity and negativity in affect theories and literary analysis by focusing on the connection between empathy and literature in early modernity, a period when affect theories emerge robustly and are articulated in treatises such as De anima et vita (1538) by Juan Luis Vives (1492–1590) or Nueva Filosofía (1587) by Oliva de Sabuco (1562–1626?). We begin with the proposition that fictional narratives may move us to care for others and help them. Indeed, the idea that fiction can make us more empathetic and, thus, turn us into better human beings is a powerful hypothesis that has been the subject of a great number of discussions and publications. However, as we continue to investigate whether and how fiction may lead to prosocial behaviour via empathic responses and what are the narrative strategies that authors may employ to elicit empathy in readers, we need to acknowledge that: (1) the connection between empathy and prosocial behaviour, known as the empathy–altruism hypothesis, is still a controversial one and more empirical evidence is needed to back it up; and (2) there is no direct correspondence between empathic authorial intention and audience reception, a phenomenon that can be discussed through notions such as failed empathy or empathic inaccuracy.
摘要在这篇短文中，我想通过关注早期现代性中移情与文学之间的联系，来探讨情感理论和文学分析中积极与消极的关系，情感理论在胡安·路易斯·维维斯（1492-1590）的《De anima et vita》（1538）或奥利瓦·德·萨布科（1562-1626？）的《Nueva Filosofía》（1587）等著作中得到了有力的阐述。我们从这样一个命题开始，即虚构的故事可能会促使我们关心他人并帮助他们。事实上，小说可以让我们更有同理心，从而让我们成为更好的人，这是一个强有力的假设，已经成为大量讨论和出版物的主题。然而，当我们继续研究小说是否以及如何通过移情反应导致亲社会行为，以及作者可能采用哪些叙事策略来引发读者的移情时，我们需要承认：（1）移情和亲社会行为之间的联系，即移情-利他主义假说，仍然是一个有争议的问题，需要更多的经验证据来支持；（2）移情作者的意图和受众接受之间没有直接的对应关系，这一现象可以通过失败的移情或移情不准确等概念来讨论。
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