Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2170738
Dawid Bernard Juraszek
ABSTRACT Walt Whitman’s ‘Crossing Brooklyn Ferry’ (CBF) (1856) conveys and constructs an exhilarated passenger’s experience with public transportation facilities of mid-nineteenth century New York against the background of modernization, urbanization, industrialization and globalization. With Whitman’s America exploiting the continent’s diverse resources along imperialist lines, CBF exposes the poet’s implication in the early stages of the climate crisis. This article draws on scientific insights into human cognition to furnish a productive interpretative lens for analysing poetry and its role in human relationships with the more-than-human world. Exploring culturally adapted cognitive features relevant to the perception of time and scale in the context of ongoing planetary disruption, it argues that Whitman’s attitude towards the future anticipates major issues in present-day environmental (in)action.
{"title":"Clustering of cognitive biases in Walt Whitman’s ‘Crossing Brooklyn Ferry’: An Ecocritical Analysis","authors":"Dawid Bernard Juraszek","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2170738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2170738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Walt Whitman’s ‘Crossing Brooklyn Ferry’ (CBF) (1856) conveys and constructs an exhilarated passenger’s experience with public transportation facilities of mid-nineteenth century New York against the background of modernization, urbanization, industrialization and globalization. With Whitman’s America exploiting the continent’s diverse resources along imperialist lines, CBF exposes the poet’s implication in the early stages of the climate crisis. This article draws on scientific insights into human cognition to furnish a productive interpretative lens for analysing poetry and its role in human relationships with the more-than-human world. Exploring culturally adapted cognitive features relevant to the perception of time and scale in the context of ongoing planetary disruption, it argues that Whitman’s attitude towards the future anticipates major issues in present-day environmental (in)action.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49046128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2167398
R. Woudenberg
ABSTRACT This paper presents and discusses various strategies that have been wielded against scientism, roughly the claim that only science can give us knowledge. The strategies identified are: (1) the counter example strategy, (2) the denying of claimed entailments of science strategy, (3) the self-undermining strategy, (4) the presupposition strategy, and (5) the limits of science strategy. In addition, two proposals are discussed that aim to recast the debate about scientism in a way that renders these strategies obsolete. It is argued that these proposals are misguided.
{"title":"Argumentative strategies against scientism: an overview","authors":"R. Woudenberg","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2167398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2167398","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents and discusses various strategies that have been wielded against scientism, roughly the claim that only science can give us knowledge. The strategies identified are: (1) the counter example strategy, (2) the denying of claimed entailments of science strategy, (3) the self-undermining strategy, (4) the presupposition strategy, and (5) the limits of science strategy. In addition, two proposals are discussed that aim to recast the debate about scientism in a way that renders these strategies obsolete. It is argued that these proposals are misguided.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2173457
James Elwick
ABSTRACT The nineteenth century was one in which millions of people acquired certificates and other credentials attesting that they knew what they claimed to know. These credentials resulted from mass examinations: systems of infrastructure that aspired to procedural objectivity. Among the key feature of these exams were the new numerical marking systems used to compare and commensurate different answers on these exams, because these numbers could generate averages and other formal abstractions of knowledge. While the resulting tests could be restrictive for the individual, they could be positive and even creative. Exam successes and credentials helped people work collectively in groups, giving each group member the confidence that other members knew what they claimed to know.
{"title":"Knowing the same things: mass examinations, credentials, and infrastructures of shared knowledge","authors":"James Elwick","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2173457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2173457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nineteenth century was one in which millions of people acquired certificates and other credentials attesting that they knew what they claimed to know. These credentials resulted from mass examinations: systems of infrastructure that aspired to procedural objectivity. Among the key feature of these exams were the new numerical marking systems used to compare and commensurate different answers on these exams, because these numbers could generate averages and other formal abstractions of knowledge. While the resulting tests could be restrictive for the individual, they could be positive and even creative. Exam successes and credentials helped people work collectively in groups, giving each group member the confidence that other members knew what they claimed to know.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2156149
J. Steere-Williams
ABSTRACT The germ theory of infectious disease, which developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, is often considered a pivotal breakthrough in modern science, medicine, biology, and public health. The germ theory provided a new way to study disease in laboratory, clinical, and community settings, and a new rationale for public health intervention. This article explores two important facets of the germ theory; how the physical techniques and methods of studying germs in laboratories were taught to the first generation of doctors, and how the germ theory was communicated to diverse publics in clinical and community settings. Drawing on the concept of transnational science, I argue that late nineteenth and early twentieth debates around the laboratory practices of bacteriology and the public reception of the germ theory help us to understand the deeper ways that biomedical scientific knowledge is created, constrained, and communicated.
{"title":"Seeing germs, selling germs: translating Anglo-American bacteriology","authors":"J. Steere-Williams","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2156149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2156149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The germ theory of infectious disease, which developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, is often considered a pivotal breakthrough in modern science, medicine, biology, and public health. The germ theory provided a new way to study disease in laboratory, clinical, and community settings, and a new rationale for public health intervention. This article explores two important facets of the germ theory; how the physical techniques and methods of studying germs in laboratories were taught to the first generation of doctors, and how the germ theory was communicated to diverse publics in clinical and community settings. Drawing on the concept of transnational science, I argue that late nineteenth and early twentieth debates around the laboratory practices of bacteriology and the public reception of the germ theory help us to understand the deeper ways that biomedical scientific knowledge is created, constrained, and communicated.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2152244
Kristen Intemann
ABSTRACT There are many ways that trust plays a crucial role in science, both between researchers and between researchers and various communities impacted by their research. Scientific practices can operate in ways that either facilitate, or undermine, trust in science. This contribution will examine the role of science communication in facilitating (or undermining) public trust in science and science-based policy recommendations. This will be done by looking at some potential failures in the public communication of science during the COVID-19 pandemic that have the potential to undermine trust in scientists. Finally, I draw out lessons that this case has for how we might improve science communication practices.
{"title":"Science communication and public trust in science","authors":"Kristen Intemann","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2152244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2152244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are many ways that trust plays a crucial role in science, both between researchers and between researchers and various communities impacted by their research. Scientific practices can operate in ways that either facilitate, or undermine, trust in science. This contribution will examine the role of science communication in facilitating (or undermining) public trust in science and science-based policy recommendations. This will be done by looking at some potential failures in the public communication of science during the COVID-19 pandemic that have the potential to undermine trust in scientists. Finally, I draw out lessons that this case has for how we might improve science communication practices.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47763710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2152245
Will Mason-Wilkes
ABSTRACT Specific pieces of science communication shape publics’ more general impression of science, whether intentionally or not. This, in turn, affects how publics interact with science, acts as citizens in techno-scientific societies, and ultimately has implications for the role of science as an institution in democratic societies. Representations of science that downplay scientific uncertainty, elide the role of the scientific community, and de-emphasize the values which define the institution of science have problematic consequences for science, publics and democracy. Therefore, though increasingly encouraged to communicate research to wider public audiences, scientists must think carefully about their communication practices. Specifically, the epistemic status of research findings, what elements of the process of knowledge creation are foregrounded, and the values which underpin the scientific community all need to be clearly communicated to the public. This article will help Early Career Researchers (ECRs) reflect on their public science communication and begin to develop communication practices of benefit to publics and science.
{"title":"Emphasizing uncertainty, celebrating community and valuing values: science communication remedies for the COVID-19 era and beyond","authors":"Will Mason-Wilkes","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2152245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2152245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Specific pieces of science communication shape publics’ more general impression of science, whether intentionally or not. This, in turn, affects how publics interact with science, acts as citizens in techno-scientific societies, and ultimately has implications for the role of science as an institution in democratic societies. Representations of science that downplay scientific uncertainty, elide the role of the scientific community, and de-emphasize the values which define the institution of science have problematic consequences for science, publics and democracy. Therefore, though increasingly encouraged to communicate research to wider public audiences, scientists must think carefully about their communication practices. Specifically, the epistemic status of research findings, what elements of the process of knowledge creation are foregrounded, and the values which underpin the scientific community all need to be clearly communicated to the public. This article will help Early Career Researchers (ECRs) reflect on their public science communication and begin to develop communication practices of benefit to publics and science.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49315483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2081017
S. Tayyebi, Y. Demir
ABSTRACT This study explores correlations between personal preferences for musical instruments and architectural materials. Specifically, it determines whether preferences for 12 musical instruments or their instrument families may reflect a preference tendency in architectural material features pertaining to colour, quality, texture, and reflection. First, a survey gathered individual appreciations of the attributes. After carefully distinguishing the valid responses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis revealed attribute preference correlations within different demographic classes, and Bonferroni correction screened the most reliable ones. The outcomes show different correlation trends across ages and genders, and once again confirm their importance in the preference correlations. Attributes related to material colour and quality reflected a higher number of correlations with musical instrument timber preferences, and thus have more potential to reflect the satisfactory attributes in another field. Several correlations were also discovered, thereby confirming the existence and potential uses of the preference correlations between musical instruments and architectural materials.
{"title":"Musical preferences correlate architectural tastes: preference correlations between architectural material features and musical instruments","authors":"S. Tayyebi, Y. Demir","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2081017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2081017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores correlations between personal preferences for musical instruments and architectural materials. Specifically, it determines whether preferences for 12 musical instruments or their instrument families may reflect a preference tendency in architectural material features pertaining to colour, quality, texture, and reflection. First, a survey gathered individual appreciations of the attributes. After carefully distinguishing the valid responses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis revealed attribute preference correlations within different demographic classes, and Bonferroni correction screened the most reliable ones. The outcomes show different correlation trends across ages and genders, and once again confirm their importance in the preference correlations. Attributes related to material colour and quality reflected a higher number of correlations with musical instrument timber preferences, and thus have more potential to reflect the satisfactory attributes in another field. Several correlations were also discovered, thereby confirming the existence and potential uses of the preference correlations between musical instruments and architectural materials.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2158258
A. Blackwell
The following essay is a stylistic experiment for Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, re fl ecting on a personal research agenda and trajectory, in relation to the disciplines that the author has engaged with. Interdisciplinary enquiry often arises from the idiosyncratic experiences and decisions of an individual serendipitously following curiosity, alongside the practical contingencies that shape anybody ’ s career. Such a re fl ection, if spanning multiple disciplines through the perspective of one person, cannot possibly be comprehensive, and will certainly expose the gaps in knowledge and loss of rigour that could have been corrected within a single discipline. The intention in presenting such a personal agenda is not to be de fi nitive, but rather to open up discussion by pulling on the loose threads at the edges of discipline. The primary goal of the experiment is to unsettle established disciplinary perspectives, even where the same questions could have been addressed more authorita-tively in another fi eld. 1
{"title":"The two kinds of artificial intelligence, or how not to confuse objects and subjects","authors":"A. Blackwell","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2158258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2158258","url":null,"abstract":"The following essay is a stylistic experiment for Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, re fl ecting on a personal research agenda and trajectory, in relation to the disciplines that the author has engaged with. Interdisciplinary enquiry often arises from the idiosyncratic experiences and decisions of an individual serendipitously following curiosity, alongside the practical contingencies that shape anybody ’ s career. Such a re fl ection, if spanning multiple disciplines through the perspective of one person, cannot possibly be comprehensive, and will certainly expose the gaps in knowledge and loss of rigour that could have been corrected within a single discipline. The intention in presenting such a personal agenda is not to be de fi nitive, but rather to open up discussion by pulling on the loose threads at the edges of discipline. The primary goal of the experiment is to unsettle established disciplinary perspectives, even where the same questions could have been addressed more authorita-tively in another fi eld. 1","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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