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Deep learning-based location prediction in VANET 基于深度学习的 VANET 位置预测
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12529
Nafiseh Rezazadeh, Mohammad Ali Amirabadi, Mohammad Hossein Kahaei

In recent years, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) has become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems that, along with the previous systems such as traffic condition, accident alert, automatic parking, and cruise control, use the communication of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to the roadside unit to facilitate road transportation. Several challenges hinder efforts to improve traffic conditions and reduce traffic fatalities through VANET. A critical challenge is achieving highly accurate and reliable vehicle localization within the VANET. Additionally, the frequent unavailability of Global Positioning System (GPS), particularly in tunnels and parking lots, presents another significant obstacle. Traditional methods like Dead Reckoning offer low accuracy and reliability due to accumulating errors. Similarly, GPS positioning, map matching with mobile phone location services, and other existing solutions struggle with accuracy and economic feasibility. In this article, two Kalman filter approaches are used based on signal statistical information and the other learning-based networks, including traditional neural network, deep neural network and LSTM (long short-term memory) to locate the car. The prediction error of car position with root mean square measures. The squared error and distance prediction error are evaluated. It is shown that in terms of prediction time and processing time of vehicle localization, all the vehicle localization methods are efficient in terms of response time for localization, and Kalman filter methods, traditional neural network and deep neural network are faster than LSTM method. Also, in terms of localization error, Kalman filter works better than learning-based methods, and in learning-based methods, both deep neural network and LSTM methods perform better than traditional neural network in terms of localization error.

近年来,车载 Ad-hoc 网络(VANET)已成为智能交通系统的重要组成部分,它与之前的交通状况、事故警报、自动泊车和巡航控制等系统一起,利用车辆与车辆、车辆与路边装置之间的通信来促进道路交通。一些挑战阻碍了通过 VANET 改善交通状况和减少交通死亡事故的努力。一个关键的挑战是在 VANET 内实现高度准确和可靠的车辆定位。此外,全球定位系统(GPS)经常无法使用,特别是在隧道和停车场,也是一个重大障碍。由于误差不断累积,传统方法(如惯性导航)的精确度和可靠性都很低。同样,全球定位系统定位、地图与手机定位服务的匹配以及其他现有的解决方案在精度和经济可行性方面都存在问题。本文采用了两种基于信号统计信息的卡尔曼滤波方法和基于学习的网络(包括传统神经网络、深度神经网络和 LSTM(长短期记忆))来定位汽车。用均方根测量汽车位置的预测误差。评估了平方误差和距离预测误差。结果表明,在车辆定位的预测时间和处理时间方面,所有车辆定位方法的定位响应时间都很有效,卡尔曼滤波法、传统神经网络和深度神经网络比 LSTM 方法更快。此外,在定位误差方面,卡尔曼滤波法比基于学习的方法效果更好,而在基于学习的方法中,深度神经网络和 LSTM 方法在定位误差方面的表现都比传统神经网络好。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a framework for assessing train passengers' post-boarding behaviours based on their perceptions 根据乘客的感知制定评估火车乘客上车后行为的框架
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12546
Jie Yang, Nirajan Shiwakoti, Richard Tay

While existing literature has focused on modelling pedestrian movement on platforms, there is a lack of understanding of passengers' perceptions, motivations, and influential factors that shape their on-board behaviours and choices. This study developed a conceptual framework to assess passengers' post-boarding behaviours and perceptions, specifically focusing on their actions and choices inside the train carriages. The conceptual framework was tested through survey data of 429 passengers in Melbourne, Australia. The result shows that door access is the most influential factor when passengers choose where to stand or sit on board, followed by comfort, safety, privacy, and random factors. Furthermore, the study explores the relationship between the post-boarding behaviour variables and travellers’ personal and trip characteristic variables. The analysis shows that carrying large items has a more significant effect on many post-boarding behaviour variables. Gender, age group, travel frequency, waiting time, and carrying small items also play significant roles. However, variables such as travel time and frequency of group travel have lesser effects. These novel findings offer valuable insights, laying the groundwork for future modelling activities. Moreover, the understanding derived from passenger perceptions can guide transport agencies and operators in shaping strategies to improve onboard services.

现有文献主要关注月台上的行人活动建模,但对乘客的认知、动机以及影响其上车行为和选择的因素缺乏了解。本研究建立了一个概念框架,以评估乘客上车后的行为和感知,特别是他们在列车车厢内的行为和选择。该概念框架通过对澳大利亚墨尔本 429 名乘客的调查数据进行了检验。结果显示,当乘客选择在车厢内站或坐时,车门通道是最有影响力的因素,其次是舒适度、安全性、隐私性和随机因素。此外,研究还探讨了登机后行为变量与旅客个人和行程特征变量之间的关系。分析表明,携带大件物品对许多登机后行为变量的影响更为显著。性别、年龄组、旅行频率、等待时间和携带小件物品也有显著影响。然而,旅行时间和团体旅行频率等变量的影响较小。这些新发现提供了宝贵的见解,为今后的建模活动奠定了基础。此外,从乘客感知中得出的认识还能指导交通机构和运营商制定战略,以改善机上服务。
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引用次数: 0
Two-stage algorithm for traffic signal optimization and web-service system development 交通信号优化和网络服务系统开发的两阶段算法
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12542
Seungyeop Lee, Myungeun Eom, Byung-In Kim

Efficient control of traffic signals for vehicles and pedestrians at intersections is critical for relieving traffic congestion. Considering the unique characteristics of intersections, such as the number of roads, the presence or absence of crosswalks, road geometric shapes, and traffic demand patterns, an appropriate phase sequence and duration for traffic signals must be established at each intersection. This paper proposes a simulation-based two-stage algorithm comprising integer-constrained Adam (ICA) and tabu search (TS) to optimize the phase sequence and duration for arbitrary intersections with arbitrary traffic-demand patterns. The ICA promptly identifies a promising region in which a global optimal solution is likely to be obtained, whereas TS determines the best solution near the region. The performance of the proposed algorithm that optimizes phase durations with fixed phase sequence is evaluated against several baseline methods using 24 instances across six actual intersections. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the average travel time by 20.2% compared with existing traffic signals within a computation time of 4 min, thus providing a near-optimal solution eight times faster than commonly used population-based metaheuristics. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates robust performance across heterogeneous vehicles and recommends the best phase sequence that effectively alleviates congestion in current traffic signal systems. The optimized phase sequence with best phase durations further reduces the average travel time by approximately 11.3% compared with the existing phase sequence with best phase durations at an actual intersection. To facilitate its widespread use, a free, open web-service system named “Smart Intersection for Traffic Efficiency” is developed, which enables users to optimize traffic signal systems without requiring optimization background or simulation knowledge.

有效控制交叉路口的车辆和行人交通信号对于缓解交通拥堵至关重要。考虑到交叉路口的独特性,如道路数量、人行横道的有无、道路几何形状和交通需求模式,必须在每个交叉路口为交通信号灯确定合适的相位顺序和持续时间。本文提出了一种基于仿真的两阶段算法,包括整数约束亚当(ICA)和塔布搜索(TS),用于优化具有任意交通需求模式的任意交叉口的相位顺序和持续时间。ICA 可及时发现有可能获得全局最优解的区域,而 TS 则可确定该区域附近的最佳解。利用六个实际交叉路口的 24 个实例,对采用固定相位序列优化相位持续时间的拟议算法的性能与几种基准方法进行了对比评估。实验结果表明,与现有的交通信号灯相比,所提出的算法在 4 分钟的计算时间内减少了 20.2% 的平均旅行时间,因此提供接近最优解决方案的速度比常用的基于群体的元启发式算法快 8 倍。此外,该算法在异构车辆中表现出稳健的性能,并推荐了最佳相位序列,有效缓解了当前交通信号系统的拥堵状况。与实际交叉路口的现有最佳相位序列相比,具有最佳相位持续时间的优化相位序列进一步减少了约 11.3% 的平均旅行时间。为了促进其广泛应用,我们开发了一个名为 "提高交通效率的智能交叉口 "的免费开放式网络服务系统,用户无需优化背景或模拟知识即可优化交通信号系统。
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引用次数: 0
A simulation-based impact assessment of autonomous vehicles in urban networks 基于模拟的自动驾驶汽车对城市网络的影响评估
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12537
Hashmatullah Sadid, Constantinos Antoniou

The behavioural differences between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) can significantly impact traffic efficiency, safety, and emissions. Simulation-based impact assessments using microscopic traffic models often modify car-following (CF) and lane-changing (LC) configurations to differentiate AVs from HDVs. Typically, researchers adjust CF model parameters to replicate AV driving behaviour, but these assumptions can lead to varying conclusions on AV impacts. The scope of each study (e.g., freeways, highways, urban links, intersections) also influences the outcomes. This research conducts an impact assessment utilizing optimized AV driving behavior rather than assumptions on a city network level (Munich) using a simulation-based platform. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to calibrate the base model and run simulation experiments under various penetration rates (PRs) and demand scenarios. Results show significant safety improvements throughout the network under higher PRs, while lower PRs might lead to deteriorating safety. At 100% AV PR, the total number of conflicts decreased by around 25% compared to a fully HDV environment. Considering AVs' sensing capabilities, additional safety improvements are found in almost any AV PR. However, AVs might not improve traffic efficiency; in some cases, they may slightly increase average network travel time, though this change is minimal.

自动驾驶车辆(AV)与人类驾驶车辆(HDV)之间的行为差异会对交通效率、安全和排放产生重大影响。使用微观交通模型进行的基于仿真的影响评估通常会修改跟车(CF)和变道(LC)配置,以区分 AV 和 HDV。通常情况下,研究人员会调整CF模型参数,以复制自动驾驶汽车的驾驶行为,但这些假设会导致对自动驾驶汽车影响的不同结论。每项研究的范围(如高速公路、高等级公路、城市连接线、交叉路口)也会影响研究结果。本研究利用基于模拟的平台,在城市网络层面(慕尼黑)利用优化的自动驾驶汽车驾驶行为而非假设进行影响评估。粒子群优化(PSO)算法用于校准基础模型,并在各种渗透率(PR)和需求情景下进行模拟实验。结果表明,在渗透率较高的情况下,整个网络的安全性明显提高,而在渗透率较低的情况下,安全性可能会下降。与全高清车环境相比,在 100%的自动驾驶普及率下,冲突总数减少了约 25%。考虑到自动驾驶汽车的感知能力,几乎任何自动驾驶汽车 PR 都能提高安全性。不过,自动驾驶汽车可能不会提高交通效率;在某些情况下,它们可能会略微增加网络的平均行车时间,尽管这种变化微乎其微。
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引用次数: 0
Low-light visibility enhancement for improving visual surveillance in intelligent waterborne transportation systems 提高低照度能见度,改善智能水运系统中的视觉监控
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12534
Ryan Wen Liu, Chu Han, Yanhong Huang

Under low-light imaging conditions, visual scenes captured by intelligent waterborne transportation systems often suffer from low-intensity illumination and noise corruption. The visual quality degradation would lead to negative effects in maritime surveillance, e.g., vessel detection, positioning and tracking, etc. To restore the low-light images, we develop an effective visibility enhancement method, which contains a coarse-to-fine framework of spatially-smooth illumination estimation. In particular, the refined illumination is effectively generated by optimizing a novel structure-preserving variational model on the coarse version, estimated through the Max-RGB method. The proposed variational model has the capacity of suppressing the textural details while preserving the main structures in the refined illumination map. To further boost imaging performance, the refined illumination is adjusted through the Gamma correction to increase brightness in dark regions. We then estimate the refined reflection map by implementing the joint denoising and detail boosting strategies on the original reflection. In this work, the original reflection is yielded by dividing the input image using the refined illumination. We finally produce the enhanced image by multiplying the adjusted illumination and the refined reflection. Experiments on synthetic and realistic datasets illustrate that our method can achieve comparable results to the state-of-the-art techniques under different imaging conditions.

在低照度成像条件下,智能水上交通系统捕获的视觉场景通常会受到低强度光照和噪声的破坏。视觉质量的下降会给海事监控带来负面影响,如船舶检测、定位和跟踪等。为了恢复低照度图像,我们开发了一种有效的能见度增强方法,其中包含一个从粗到细的空间平滑照度估计框架。特别是,通过优化通过 Max-RGB 方法估算的粗略版本上的新型结构保持变异模型,可以有效生成精细光照。所提出的变分模型能够抑制纹理细节,同时保留精细光照图中的主要结构。为了进一步提高成像性能,我们通过伽马校正调整了细化光照度,以增加暗区的亮度。然后,我们通过对原始反射图实施联合去噪和细节增强策略来估计细化后的反射图。在这项工作中,原始反射图是通过使用细化光照对输入图像进行分割而得到的。最后,我们将调整后的光照度与细化后的反射图相乘,得到增强图像。在合成和现实数据集上的实验表明,我们的方法可以在不同的成像条件下取得与最先进技术相当的效果。
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引用次数: 0
A two-stage optimization method of power supply scheme of on-board supercapacitor-powered tram 车载超级电容器供电电车供电方案的两阶段优化方法
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12536
Huazhi Zhang, Chengcheng Fu, Qingyuan Wang, Pengfei Sun, Xiaoyun Feng, Bin He

Aiming at the power supply scheme (PSS) of the on-board supercapacitor-powered tram, considering the cost and margin of the PSS, a two-stage method is designed to optimize the layout of the charging stations and the configuration of the supercapacitor (SC). First, the SC-powered tram model and stable cycle operation model are established, and a two-stage optimization problem model with the lowest PSS cost and the largest SC margin is established. Then, an improved dual-population differential evolution algorithm is designed, and the layout of charging stations and the configuration of SC are co-optimized in the first stage, and then the layout of charging stations is optimized again in the second stage. The simulation results show that co-optimization can obtain a lower cost of PSS, and furthermore, the layout of charging stations can be optimized again to effectively improve the margin of SC, thereby improving the matching degree between the layout of charging stations and the connection scheme of SC.

针对车载超级电容供电电车的供电方案(PSS),考虑到 PSS 的成本和裕度,设计了一种两阶段优化方法来优化充电站的布局和超级电容器(SC)的配置。首先,建立了 SC 动力电车模型和稳定循环运行模型,并建立了 PSS 成本最低、SC 余量最大的两阶段优化问题模型。然后,设计了一种改进的双种群差分进化算法,在第一阶段对充电站布局和 SC 配置进行协同优化,在第二阶段对充电站布局进行再次优化。仿真结果表明,共同优化可以获得更低的 PSS 成本,而且再次优化充电站布局可以有效提高 SC 的裕度,从而提高充电站布局与 SC 连接方案的匹配度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of comfort zone boundary based automated emergency braking algorithms for car-to-powered-two-wheeler crashes in China 基于舒适区边界的自动紧急制动算法对中国汽车与电动两轮车碰撞事故的评估
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12532
Xiaomi Yang, Nils Lubbe, Jonas Bärgman

Crashes between cars and powered two-wheelers (PTWs: motorcycles, scooters, and e-bikes) are a safety concern; as a result, developing car safety systems that protect PTW riders is essential. While the pre-crash protection system automated emergency braking (AEB) has been shown to avoid and mitigate injuries for car-to-car, car-to-cyclist, and car-to-pedestrian crashes, much is still unknown about its effectiveness in car-to-PTW crashes. Further, the characteristics of the crashes that remain after the introduction of such systems in traffic are also largely unknown. This study estimates the crash avoidance and injury risk reduction performance of six different PTW-AEB algorithms that were virtually applied to reconstructed car-to-PTW pre-crash kinematics extracted from a Chinese in-depth crash database. Five of the algorithms include combinations of drivers’ and PTW riders’ comfort zone boundaries for braking and steering, while the sixth is a traditional AEB. Results show that the average safety performance of the algorithms using only the driver's comfort zone boundaries is higher than that of the traditional AEB algorithm. All algorithms resulted in similar distributions of impact speed and impact locations, which means that in-crash protection systems likely can be made less complex, not having to consider differences in AEB algorithm design among car manufacturers.

汽车与机动两轮车(PTW:摩托车、踏板车和电动自行车)之间的碰撞是一个安全问题;因此,开发能够保护机动两轮车骑行者的汽车安全系统至关重要。虽然碰撞前保护系统自动紧急制动(AEB)已被证明可以避免和减轻汽车与汽车、汽车与骑自行车者以及汽车与行人之间的碰撞伤害,但其在汽车与 PTW 碰撞中的有效性还有很多未知之处。此外,在交通中引入此类系统后,碰撞事故的特点在很大程度上也是未知的。本研究估算了六种不同的 PTW-AEB 算法在避免碰撞和降低伤害风险方面的性能,这些算法实际上应用于从中国深度碰撞数据库中提取的重建的车对车碰撞前运动学数据。其中五种算法包括驾驶员和 PTW 驾驶员制动和转向舒适区边界的组合,第六种算法是传统的 AEB。结果表明,仅使用驾驶员舒适区边界的算法的平均安全性能高于传统 AEB 算法。所有算法导致的撞击速度和撞击位置分布相似,这意味着碰撞保护系统有可能变得不那么复杂,而不必考虑汽车制造商在 AEB 算法设计上的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Gap setting control strategy for connected and automated vehicles in freeway lane‐drop bottlenecks 互联和自动驾驶车辆在高速公路车道下降瓶颈中的间隙设置控制策略
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12538
Sungyong Chung, Dongju Ka, Yongju Kim, Chungwon Lee
Commercial automated vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems offer multiple gap settings that determine their longitudinal behaviour. This study introduces two novel strategies—inflow control and combined control—that leverage the distinct driving behaviours associated with different gap settings in connected and automated vehicles. These strategies aim to enhance traffic efficiency in freeway lane‐drop bottlenecks, where capacity drops are common, by maintaining bottleneck occupancy at the target level using a proportional‐integral‐derivative controller. Simulation experiments were conducted using VISSIM to validate the proposed strategies. The results from a hypothetical lane‐drop bottleneck indicate that the proposed strategies enhanced both efficiency and safety across all simulated demand levels, with the combined control outperforming inflow control by redistributing the relative positions of vehicles before the mandatory lane changes using a new gap setting. Moreover, the proposed strategies were effective under all the simulated market penetration rates (MPRs), where better performances were demonstrated at higher MPRs. An evaluation of a calibrated real‐world network further demonstrated the potential of recommending gap settings to drivers of ACC‐equipped vehicles using variable message signs to enhance freeway efficiency in the near future.
配备自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的商用自动驾驶汽车可提供多种间隙设置,从而决定其纵向行为。本研究介绍了两种新型策略--流量控制和组合控制,这两种策略充分利用了联网车辆和自动驾驶车辆不同间隙设置所带来的不同驾驶行为。这些策略旨在通过使用比例-积分-派生控制器将瓶颈占用率保持在目标水平上,从而提高高速公路车道下降瓶颈(容量下降很常见)的交通效率。我们使用 VISSIM 进行了仿真实验,以验证所提出的策略。假设车道下降瓶颈的结果表明,在所有模拟需求水平下,所提出的策略都能提高效率和安全性,通过在强制变道前使用新的间隙设置重新分配车辆的相对位置,组合控制优于流入控制。此外,建议的策略在所有模拟的市场渗透率(MPR)下都很有效,在较高的市场渗透率下表现更好。对校准过的真实世界网络进行的评估进一步证明,在不久的将来,利用可变信息标志向配备自动驾驶辅助系统的车辆驾驶员推荐间隙设置,以提高高速公路效率的潜力巨大。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling the fundamental diagram of traffic flow mixed with connected vehicles based on the risk potential field 基于风险潜势场的互联车辆混合交通流基本图建模
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12533
Jiacheng Yin, Peng Cao, Zongping Li, Linheng Li, Zhao Li, Duo Li

The fundamental diagram (FD) of traffic flow can effectively characterize the macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow and provide a theoretical foundation for traffic planning and control. The rapid development of connected vehicles (CVs) has led to changes in traffic flow characteristics. However, research on the FD of traffic flow involving CVs and non-connected vehicles (NCVs) is still in its early stages. Most FDs do not well characterize the motion behaviour of different vehicles, nor do they study the interaction between mixed vehicles. Therefore, in this study, the FD of mixed traffic flows (i.e. with CVs and NCVs) was constructed within a unified framework. First, the car-following behaviours of CVs and NCVs were modelled based on risk potential field theory. Subsequently, the FD of mixed traffic flows was derived based on the relationship between car-following behaviour and the macroscopic traffic flow under steady-state conditions. To validate the model, rigorous verifications were conducted via numerical experiments using the Monte Carlo method. The results indicate significant agreement between the scatter plots obtained from the experiments and the theoretical curves for different penetration rates. The proposed FD has a unified framework and a more rigorous mathematical structure.

交通流基本图(FD)能有效描述交通流的宏观特征,为交通规划和控制提供理论基础。联网汽车(CVs)的快速发展导致交通流特征发生变化。然而,涉及 CV 和非联网车辆(NCV)的交通流 FD 研究仍处于早期阶段。大多数 FD 没有很好地描述不同车辆的运动行为,也没有研究混合车辆之间的相互作用。因此,本研究在一个统一的框架内构建了混合交通流(即有 CV 和 NCV 的混合交通流)的 FD。首先,根据风险势场理论对 CV 和 NCV 的跟车行为进行建模。随后,根据稳态条件下汽车跟随行为与宏观交通流之间的关系,推导出混合交通流的 FD。为了验证该模型,使用蒙特卡罗方法通过数值实验进行了严格验证。结果表明,实验得到的散点图与不同渗透率下的理论曲线之间存在明显的一致性。所提出的 FD 具有统一的框架和更严格的数学结构。
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引用次数: 0
Deep reinforcement learning and ant colony optimization supporting multi-UGV path planning and task assignment in 3D environments 深度强化学习和蚁群优化支持三维环境中的多 UGV 路径规划和任务分配
IF 2.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1049/itr2.12535
Binghui Jin, Yang Sun, Wenjun Wu, Qiang Gao, Pengbo Si

With the development of artificial intelligence, the application of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in outdoor hazardous scenarios has received more attention. However, the terrains in these environments are often complex and undulating, which also pose higher challenges to the multi-UGV path planning and task assignment (MUPPTA) optimization. To efficiently improve the multi-UGV collaboration in 3D environments, a MUPPTA method is proposed based on double deep Q learning network (DDQN) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to jointly optimize the path planning and task assignment decisions of multiple UGVs. The authors first comprehensively consider the characteristics of the 3D environments, and model the MUPPTA problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. To tackle it, the original problem is decomposed into the multi-UGV path planning sub-problem and task assignment sub-problem, and solve them separately. First, the path planning sub-problem in the 3D environments is transformed into a Markov decision process (MDP) model, and a multi-UGV path planning algorithm based on DDQN (MUPP-DDQN) is proposed to obtain the optimal paths and actual path costs between tasks through extensive offline learning and training. Based on this, a multi-UGV task assignment algorithm is further proposed based on ACO (MUTA-ACO) to solve the task assignment sub-problem and achieve the optimal task assignment solution. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more cost-effective and time-saving compared to other comparison algorithms.

随着人工智能的发展,无人地面车辆(UGV)在户外危险场景中的应用受到越来越多的关注。然而,这些环境中的地形往往复杂且起伏较大,这也对多 UGV 路径规划和任务分配(MUPPTA)优化提出了更高的挑战。为了有效改善三维环境中的多 UGV 协作,本文提出了一种基于双深度 Q 学习网络(DDQN)和蚁群优化(ACO)的 MUPPTA 方法,以联合优化多 UGV 的路径规划和任务分配决策。作者首先综合考虑了三维环境的特点,将 MUPPTA 问题建模为一个组合优化问题。为了解决这个问题,作者将原问题分解为多 UGV 路径规划子问题和任务分配子问题,并分别求解。首先,将三维环境下的路径规划子问题转化为马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)模型,并提出了基于 DDQN 的多 UGV 路径规划算法(MUPP-DDQN),通过大量的离线学习和训练,获得任务间的最优路径和实际路径成本。在此基础上,进一步提出了基于 ACO 的多 UGV 任务分配算法(MUTA-ACO)来解决任务分配子问题,并实现最优任务分配方案。仿真结果表明,与其他比较算法相比,所提出的方法更经济、更省时。
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引用次数: 0
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