Rubina Gul, M. Fahim, S. Jadoon, S. Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Masood Ahmad
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, affects both quality and quantity of wheat produce. In Pakistan, due to favorable environmental conditions during spring, FHB can cause significant losses to wheat. Recently, we observed FHB in wheat fields, having 34-84% incidence, along river Swat, Northwest Pakistan. Therefore, elite wheat cultivars and candidate lines in Pakistan as well as exotic-near isogenic lines were screened for FHB resistance using molecular markers, specific for Fhb-1, 2 and 3. Furthermore, all the germplasm was screened for 2NS Translocation - from Triticum ventricosum segment containing cluster of resistance genes for many diseases including FHB. Among Pakistani wheat varieties, Marvi-2000 showed presence of Fhb-2 and 3 specific bands while wheat cv. Saleem-2000 displayed presence of Fhb-1 and 2 specific bands. However, among the candidate lines, L-112, L-105, L-106, L-103 and L-129 exhibited Fhb-1 and 2 specific bands while L-111 alone amplified bands specific to Fhb-1 and Fhb-3. Moreover, 2NS translocation was validated in 2NS near isogenic lines (NILs) obtained from Kansas State University using 2-NS specific marker VENTRIUP and LN2, however, no 2-NS translocation was found in Pakistani varieties as well as candidate lines. In conclusion, none of the Pakistani varieties or candidate lines possessed all sources of FHB resistance in altogether; however, one aliens NIL (Yaccora-Rojo-2NS) surprisingly not only exhibited 2NS translocation but also Fhb-1, 2 and 3 resistant genes.
小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)是由小麦赤霉病引起的一种严重影响小麦产量和品质的疫病。在巴基斯坦，由于春季有利的环境条件，口蹄疫可能对小麦造成重大损失。最近，我们在巴基斯坦西北部斯瓦特河沿岸的麦田中发现了FHB，发病率为34-84%。因此，利用FHB -1、2和3特异性分子标记，对巴基斯坦的优良小麦品种和候选品系以及外源近等基因品系进行了FHB抗性筛选。此外，还对所有种质进行了2NS易位筛选，这些易位来自于含有FHB等多种疾病抗性基因簇的小麦脑室段。在巴基斯坦小麦品种中，Marvi-2000显示出Fhb-2和fhb - 3特异条带;Saleem-2000显示存在Fhb-1和2特定波段。在候选品系中，L-112、L-105、L-106、L-103和L-129扩增出Fhb-1和fhb - 2特异性条带，而L-111单独扩增出Fhb-1和Fhb-3特异性条带。此外，利用2-NS特异性标记VENTRIUP和LN2在美国堪萨斯州立大学获得的2NS近等基因系(NILs)中证实了2NS易位，但在巴基斯坦品种和候选品系中未发现2-NS易位。总之，没有一个巴基斯坦品种或候选品系完全具有所有的FHB抗性来源;然而，令人惊讶的是，一个外来的NIL (Yaccora-Rojo-2NS)不仅表现出2NS易位，而且还表现出Fhb-1、2和3抗性基因。
{"title":"Assessment of elite wheat germplasm for resistance to Fusarium head blight -a threat to wheat production in north-west Pakistan","authors":"Rubina Gul, M. Fahim, S. Jadoon, S. Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Masood Ahmad","doi":"10.2298/gensr2203217g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203217g","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, affects both quality and quantity of wheat produce. In Pakistan, due to favorable environmental conditions during spring, FHB can cause significant losses to wheat. Recently, we observed FHB in wheat fields, having 34-84% incidence, along river Swat, Northwest Pakistan. Therefore, elite wheat cultivars and candidate lines in Pakistan as well as exotic-near isogenic lines were screened for FHB resistance using molecular markers, specific for Fhb-1, 2 and 3. Furthermore, all the germplasm was screened for 2NS Translocation - from Triticum ventricosum segment containing cluster of resistance genes for many diseases including FHB. Among Pakistani wheat varieties, Marvi-2000 showed presence of Fhb-2 and 3 specific bands while wheat cv. Saleem-2000 displayed presence of Fhb-1 and 2 specific bands. However, among the candidate lines, L-112, L-105, L-106, L-103 and L-129 exhibited Fhb-1 and 2 specific bands while L-111 alone amplified bands specific to Fhb-1 and Fhb-3. Moreover, 2NS translocation was validated in 2NS near isogenic lines (NILs) obtained from Kansas State University using 2-NS specific marker VENTRIUP and LN2, however, no 2-NS translocation was found in Pakistani varieties as well as candidate lines. In conclusion, none of the Pakistani varieties or candidate lines possessed all sources of FHB resistance in altogether; however, one aliens NIL (Yaccora-Rojo-2NS) surprisingly not only exhibited 2NS translocation but also Fhb-1, 2 and 3 resistant genes.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68295973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abdolahadi, A. Mirmoayedi, Lila Zaraei, S. Jamali
The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among Chrysoperla carnea samples collected from different locations of Iran (including, East-Azerbaijan, West-Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, Hormozgan and Hamedan provinces) using the Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) molecular markers in 2016-2018. The results showed that a total of 64 bands were produced by ten primers of ISSR markers which among them 43 bands were polymorphic. The highest and lowest polymorphic percentages belonged to primer UBC-809 (88.88%) and primer UBC-886 (33.33%), respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on ISSR marker data divided the samples into three separate clusters. This grouping was also confirmed by analysis of molecular variance. According to the results of the analysis of molecular variance diversity within and among groups was about 84% and 16%, respectively. In the present study five haplotypes were obtained. The first haplotype (H1) was common in all populations which can be considered as the ancestral haplotype, the other haplotypes have been evolved from it. The novelty of this study is that we report the first time genetic diversity analysis of family Chrysopidae using ISSR and CO1 markers covering more than ten provinces and thirty cities of Iran with a full picture of its genetic diversity. Genetic distance matrix based on Jaccard index indicated low genetic distance of populations. The results showed that ISSR and CO1 markers have high efficiency in study of genetic diversity in the family Chrysopidae.
{"title":"Genetic diversity study of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) populations via molecular markers","authors":"F. Abdolahadi, A. Mirmoayedi, Lila Zaraei, S. Jamali","doi":"10.2298/gensr2203295a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203295a","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among Chrysoperla carnea samples collected from different locations of Iran (including, East-Azerbaijan, West-Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, Hormozgan and Hamedan provinces) using the Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) molecular markers in 2016-2018. The results showed that a total of 64 bands were produced by ten primers of ISSR markers which among them 43 bands were polymorphic. The highest and lowest polymorphic percentages belonged to primer UBC-809 (88.88%) and primer UBC-886 (33.33%), respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on ISSR marker data divided the samples into three separate clusters. This grouping was also confirmed by analysis of molecular variance. According to the results of the analysis of molecular variance diversity within and among groups was about 84% and 16%, respectively. In the present study five haplotypes were obtained. The first haplotype (H1) was common in all populations which can be considered as the ancestral haplotype, the other haplotypes have been evolved from it. The novelty of this study is that we report the first time genetic diversity analysis of family Chrysopidae using ISSR and CO1 markers covering more than ten provinces and thirty cities of Iran with a full picture of its genetic diversity. Genetic distance matrix based on Jaccard index indicated low genetic distance of populations. The results showed that ISSR and CO1 markers have high efficiency in study of genetic diversity in the family Chrysopidae.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68296101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Misovic, P. Aleksić, M. Vukovic, D. Kostić, N. Rančić, Bojana Aleksic-Cikota
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 can be a marker for early diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in the patients with prostate cancer, whereby lower levels of GAS5 correlate with tumorigenesis and unfavourable clinical course. Expression of the GAS5 can be affected by rs145204276 polymorphism, a 5 base pairs insertion-deletion polymorphism shown as ?AGGCA/-?. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between rs145204276 and prostate cancer susceptibility and prognosis. This study was included 121 healthy subjects and 70 patients with prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer was established by histopathology after the surgery. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination method using the TaqMan? assay. In the healthy subjects, the obtained frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276 genotypes were 80.2% of ins/ins, 16.5% of ins/del and 3.3% of del/del. The allele frequencies were 88.5% of ins and 11.5% of del, respectively. In the patient group, the frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del and del/del genotypes were 70%, 20% and 10%, respectively; the frequency of ins allele was 80% and the frequency of del allele was 20%. Observed frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276 genotypes were not significantly different between healthy subjects and patients with prostate cancer, and also between prognostic groups of prostate cancer. This study demonstrate no significant association between GAS5 rs145204276 and sussceptibility/prognosis of prostate cancer.
{"title":"The impact of GAS5 rs145204276 on development and prognosis of prostate cancer","authors":"M. Misovic, P. Aleksić, M. Vukovic, D. Kostić, N. Rančić, Bojana Aleksic-Cikota","doi":"10.2298/gensr2203147m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203147m","url":null,"abstract":"The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 can be a marker for early diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in the patients with prostate cancer, whereby lower levels of GAS5 correlate with tumorigenesis and unfavourable clinical course. Expression of the GAS5 can be affected by rs145204276 polymorphism, a 5 base pairs insertion-deletion polymorphism shown as ?AGGCA/-?. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between rs145204276 and prostate cancer susceptibility and prognosis. This study was included 121 healthy subjects and 70 patients with prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer was established by histopathology after the surgery. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination method using the TaqMan? assay. In the healthy subjects, the obtained frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276 genotypes were 80.2% of ins/ins, 16.5% of ins/del and 3.3% of del/del. The allele frequencies were 88.5% of ins and 11.5% of del, respectively. In the patient group, the frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del and del/del genotypes were 70%, 20% and 10%, respectively; the frequency of ins allele was 80% and the frequency of del allele was 20%. Observed frequencies of GAS5 rs145204276 genotypes were not significantly different between healthy subjects and patients with prostate cancer, and also between prognostic groups of prostate cancer. This study demonstrate no significant association between GAS5 rs145204276 and sussceptibility/prognosis of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68296114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents 19 characters of 86 apricot cultivars and genotypes of the Irano- Caucasian eco-geographical group evaluated using principal component analysis. The high variability and differences among the apricot genotypes in terms of morphological, phenological and fruit quality traits were defined. The fruit size of the genotypes was generally very small (9.3 %) or small (43.0 %), the total rate of big and very big fruit genotypes was only 16.3%. The data showed that 90.1 % of the genotypes had yellow ground fruit colour, 88.4% had sweet kernel and 65% had firmness ?5 kg/cm2. About half of the apricot genotypes have 20% or high total soluble solids content. Most of the genotypes (67.3%) were harvested in mid-season and other genotypes (23.3%) were harvested early, while 4.7% of them were harvested very late, 3.5 % of the genotypes late. Only one genotype (1.2%) was harvested very early. The fruit size was highly correlated with fruit weight, pit weight and fruit flesh/pit rate. The same correlation was also observed between the fruit ground colour and fruit flesh colour. On the other hand, the total soluble solids were moderately correlated with fruit flesh firmness and seed taste. The results of the principal component analysis show that the 55% of the total variation is represented for the first three main components (22.9, 19.8, and 12.3%, respectively). The germplasm presented a large variation in the evaluated characters and most of the genotypes were found having high total soluble solids and low titratable acidity which would be beneficial for future breeding programs held to improve the related characters.
{"title":"Evaluation of new Turkish apricot genetic resources from the Irano-Caucasian eco-geographical group","authors":"B. Asma, F. Karaat, Çiğdem Çuhacı","doi":"10.2298/gensr2201219a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201219a","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents 19 characters of 86 apricot cultivars and genotypes of the Irano- Caucasian eco-geographical group evaluated using principal component analysis. The high variability and differences among the apricot genotypes in terms of morphological, phenological and fruit quality traits were defined. The fruit size of the genotypes was generally very small (9.3 %) or small (43.0 %), the total rate of big and very big fruit genotypes was only 16.3%. The data showed that 90.1 % of the genotypes had yellow ground fruit colour, 88.4% had sweet kernel and 65% had firmness ?5 kg/cm2. About half of the apricot genotypes have 20% or high total soluble solids content. Most of the genotypes (67.3%) were harvested in mid-season and other genotypes (23.3%) were harvested early, while 4.7% of them were harvested very late, 3.5 % of the genotypes late. Only one genotype (1.2%) was harvested very early. The fruit size was highly correlated with fruit weight, pit weight and fruit flesh/pit rate. The same correlation was also observed between the fruit ground colour and fruit flesh colour. On the other hand, the total soluble solids were moderately correlated with fruit flesh firmness and seed taste. The results of the principal component analysis show that the 55% of the total variation is represented for the first three main components (22.9, 19.8, and 12.3%, respectively). The germplasm presented a large variation in the evaluated characters and most of the genotypes were found having high total soluble solids and low titratable acidity which would be beneficial for future breeding programs held to improve the related characters.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four breeding methods viz. pedigree method (PM), single pod descent (SPD), single pod descent with selection (SPDS) and bulk method (BM) were compared for maintaining variability in the population in advanced generations using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The F4:7 lines advanced through different breeding methods from six different crosses were evaluated for number of unique lines retained in each method at a similarity coefficient ? 0.875. Eighteen polymorphic SSR markers were used for estimating similarity coefficient between lines within a breeding method in each cross. In all the crosses, SPD method was the best method in producing unique lines with a range from 42.9 to 100 per cent. SPD method had also the least number of lines pairing with two or more lines. PM and BM had the least number of unique lines in three crosses each and also maximum proportion of lines produced by these two methods were paired with four or more lines. Thus, SPD method was the most efficient among these four methods in retaining the variability in a population, but the breeder has to make a choice between high variability and comparative harvest and seed processing efficiencies to select the most suitable breeding method.
{"title":"Assessment of efficiency of breeding methods using molecular markers in soybean","authors":"G. Khosla, B. S. Gill, A. Sirari, Pritpal Singh","doi":"10.2298/gensr2201265k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201265k","url":null,"abstract":"Four breeding methods viz. pedigree method (PM), single pod descent (SPD), single pod descent with selection (SPDS) and bulk method (BM) were compared for maintaining variability in the population in advanced generations using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The F4:7 lines advanced through different breeding methods from six different crosses were evaluated for number of unique lines retained in each method at a similarity coefficient ? 0.875. Eighteen polymorphic SSR markers were used for estimating similarity coefficient between lines within a breeding method in each cross. In all the crosses, SPD method was the best method in producing unique lines with a range from 42.9 to 100 per cent. SPD method had also the least number of lines pairing with two or more lines. PM and BM had the least number of unique lines in three crosses each and also maximum proportion of lines produced by these two methods were paired with four or more lines. Thus, SPD method was the most efficient among these four methods in retaining the variability in a population, but the breeder has to make a choice between high variability and comparative harvest and seed processing efficiencies to select the most suitable breeding method.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Karagur, M. Alay, Aydın Demiray, N. Karagenç, O. Tokgün, T. Durak, H. Akça
Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy loss which occurs before the 20th weeks of pregnancies for the last menstrual period. Hereditary cause of thrombophilic gene mutations and polymorphism may play an essential role in RPLs. Material and Method: 291 women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions as a study group and 61 women without the history of miscarriages as a control group were included in a study. In this study we analysed the effects of Factor II Prothrombin mutation ,FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFT A1298C, PAI-1, ?-fibrinogen, Factor XIIIA (V34L) and Glycoprotein IIIa (L33P) polymorphisms on RPL by using pyrosequencing. Chi-square and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: FII prothrombin mutation, FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI1 and Beta fibrinogen were found statistically significant in the chi-square test. Heterozygous FV G1691A (OR:8.092, CI: 1.280-51.165), homozygous MTHFR A1298C (OR:17.621, CI: 3.644 - 85.203), Heterozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 2.921 CI: 0.811-10.515), Homozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 3.619 CI: 1.647-7.954), heterozygous MTHFR A1298C (OR: 5.989, CI: 2.574-13.934), homozygous PAI1 (OR: 8.756, CI: 2.805 -27.334), heterozygous PAI1 ( OR: 7.114, CI: 3.145- 16.096) homozygous FibrinogenG455A (4.085, CI: 1.438-11.610) were found statistically significant in logistic regression analysis for RPL(p<0.05). Discussion: This study indicated that there is a significant association between thrombophilias and RPL. Therefore, it is important to detect thrombophilic mutations in RPL.
{"title":"The impact of hereditary thrombophilias in recurrent pregnancy loss","authors":"E. Karagur, M. Alay, Aydın Demiray, N. Karagenç, O. Tokgün, T. Durak, H. Akça","doi":"10.2298/gensr2203399k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203399k","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy loss which occurs before the 20th weeks of pregnancies for the last menstrual period. Hereditary cause of thrombophilic gene mutations and polymorphism may play an essential role in RPLs. Material and Method: 291 women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions as a study group and 61 women without the history of miscarriages as a control group were included in a study. In this study we analysed the effects of Factor II Prothrombin mutation ,FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFT A1298C, PAI-1, ?-fibrinogen, Factor XIIIA (V34L) and Glycoprotein IIIa (L33P) polymorphisms on RPL by using pyrosequencing. Chi-square and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: FII prothrombin mutation, FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI1 and Beta fibrinogen were found statistically significant in the chi-square test. Heterozygous FV G1691A (OR:8.092, CI: 1.280-51.165), homozygous MTHFR A1298C (OR:17.621, CI: 3.644 - 85.203), Heterozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 2.921 CI: 0.811-10.515), Homozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 3.619 CI: 1.647-7.954), heterozygous MTHFR A1298C (OR: 5.989, CI: 2.574-13.934), homozygous PAI1 (OR: 8.756, CI: 2.805 -27.334), heterozygous PAI1 ( OR: 7.114, CI: 3.145- 16.096) homozygous FibrinogenG455A (4.085, CI: 1.438-11.610) were found statistically significant in logistic regression analysis for RPL(p<0.05). Discussion: This study indicated that there is a significant association between thrombophilias and RPL. Therefore, it is important to detect thrombophilic mutations in RPL.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68297138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kostadinovic, D. Ristić, S. Božinović, Olivera Djordjevic-Melnik, D. Ignjatovic-Micic, J. Vančetović
Maize is a poor source of protein both for humans and monogastric animals due to the lack of essential amino acids, such as lysine and tryptophan. Naturally occurring opaque2 (o2) mutation increases content of these amino acids, but also confers an undesirable phenotype leading to low yields. Quality protein maize (QPM) is agronomically acceptable and nutritionally improved opaque2 maize obtained through conventional breeding. Marker assisted breeding program aimed at developing QPM genotypes for growing in temperate regions is being conducted at Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP). The results presented in this paper relate to foreground selection aimed to identify plants that attained homozygosity at o2 locus in BC2F2 generation in conversion of four MRIZP commercial inbred lines. Maize inbred line ZPL5 converted to its QPM counterpart and adapted to temperate climate was used as o2 donor to the four recurrent parents (RP). Foreground selection was carried out with gene-specific markers phi057 and umc1066, both segregating as per the expectation. The percentage of recessive homozygotes in BC2F2 generation was approximately 25% (24.6% in RP1, 23.3% in RP2, 25% in RP3 and 24.4% in RP4). After the self-pollination of selected recessive homozygotes, BC2F3 progenies were screened for phenotypic and biochemical characteristics to confirm their nutritional and agronomical superiority. The results of scoring endosperm modifications revealed over 95% of hard endosperm kernels. The average tryptophan content ranged from 0.070% in RP1 to 0.087% in RP3. Out of 39 derivations from four lines, 19 had tryptophan content above the QPM threshold (0.075%). A total of 16 derivations were chosen for their highest tryptophan content. Their quality index was increased by 2-46% relative to the recurrent parent. These line will serve as an important breeding material for developing QPM maize hybrids adapted to temperate regions.
{"title":"Marker assisted conversion of maize inbred lines to quality protein maize (GPM) adapted to temperate climate","authors":"M. Kostadinovic, D. Ristić, S. Božinović, Olivera Djordjevic-Melnik, D. Ignjatovic-Micic, J. Vančetović","doi":"10.2298/gensr220947k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr220947k","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is a poor source of protein both for humans and monogastric animals due to the lack of essential amino acids, such as lysine and tryptophan. Naturally occurring opaque2 (o2) mutation increases content of these amino acids, but also confers an undesirable phenotype leading to low yields. Quality protein maize (QPM) is agronomically acceptable and nutritionally improved opaque2 maize obtained through conventional breeding. Marker assisted breeding program aimed at developing QPM genotypes for growing in temperate regions is being conducted at Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP). The results presented in this paper relate to foreground selection aimed to identify plants that attained homozygosity at o2 locus in BC2F2 generation in conversion of four MRIZP commercial inbred lines. Maize inbred line ZPL5 converted to its QPM counterpart and adapted to temperate climate was used as o2 donor to the four recurrent parents (RP). Foreground selection was carried out with gene-specific markers phi057 and umc1066, both segregating as per the expectation. The percentage of recessive homozygotes in BC2F2 generation was approximately 25% (24.6% in RP1, 23.3% in RP2, 25% in RP3 and 24.4% in RP4). After the self-pollination of selected recessive homozygotes, BC2F3 progenies were screened for phenotypic and biochemical characteristics to confirm their nutritional and agronomical superiority. The results of scoring endosperm modifications revealed over 95% of hard endosperm kernels. The average tryptophan content ranged from 0.070% in RP1 to 0.087% in RP3. Out of 39 derivations from four lines, 19 had tryptophan content above the QPM threshold (0.075%). A total of 16 derivations were chosen for their highest tryptophan content. Their quality index was increased by 2-46% relative to the recurrent parent. These line will serve as an important breeding material for developing QPM maize hybrids adapted to temperate regions.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68297174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Romena, Abdollah Najaphy, M. Saeidi, Mahmood Khoramivafa
Several plant breeding methods have been successfully used to improve genetic resources in many crops such as wheat. However, selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a complex task for the breeders. The selected genotypes should display high performance in a series of desired traits. The GT-biplot and the multiple selection index have been proposed to identify a superior genotype based on various desired traits. In the present study, thirty wheat genotypes were assessed using randomized complete block design with three replications under rain-fed conditions to evaluate the genotypes by using two different multiple-trait selection methods (i.e. the GT-biplot and the multiple selection index) for agronomic traits and grain protein content. Results indicated that almost the same genotypes (G7, G9 and G16) were selected as superior entries by the both methodologies. Among the superior selected genotypes, the entries G9 (394.6 gr/m2) and G16 (388.9 gr/m2) showed higher grain yield. Furthermore, the entry G7 had the highest level of grain protein (15.91%) in the flour and the entry G18 (40.9%) revealed highest harvest index. In addition, the both methods were appropriate to identify superior wheat genotypes based on the multiple traits but the multiple selection index could be simpler and fast, if proper weights would be selected.
{"title":"Identification of superior wheat genotypes using multiple-trait selection methods based on agronomic characters and grain protein content under rain-fed conditions","authors":"M. Romena, Abdollah Najaphy, M. Saeidi, Mahmood Khoramivafa","doi":"10.2298/gensr2201015r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201015r","url":null,"abstract":"Several plant breeding methods have been successfully used to improve genetic resources in many crops such as wheat. However, selection of genotypes based on multiple traits is a complex task for the breeders. The selected genotypes should display high performance in a series of desired traits. The GT-biplot and the multiple selection index have been proposed to identify a superior genotype based on various desired traits. In the present study, thirty wheat genotypes were assessed using randomized complete block design with three replications under rain-fed conditions to evaluate the genotypes by using two different multiple-trait selection methods (i.e. the GT-biplot and the multiple selection index) for agronomic traits and grain protein content. Results indicated that almost the same genotypes (G7, G9 and G16) were selected as superior entries by the both methodologies. Among the superior selected genotypes, the entries G9 (394.6 gr/m2) and G16 (388.9 gr/m2) showed higher grain yield. Furthermore, the entry G7 had the highest level of grain protein (15.91%) in the flour and the entry G18 (40.9%) revealed highest harvest index. In addition, the both methods were appropriate to identify superior wheat genotypes based on the multiple traits but the multiple selection index could be simpler and fast, if proper weights would be selected.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of thirty-six Basmati rice genotypes for yield and its related traits under direct-seeded rice (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI), chemical-free cultivation (CFC), and conventional transplanted rice (TPR).The genotypes were evaluated for two years at two locations in randomized block design with three replications. Genotype Pusa Basmati 1121 scored highest ~22% yield increase in system of rice intensification method over transplanted rice followed by Pusa Basmati 1 (~20%) genotypes HKR 11-447 (~18 %). Genotype Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 1637-2-8-20-5 and Pusa Basmati1734-8-3-85 produced 8-16 % higher yield in chemical-free cultivation in comparison to TPR. Genotypes HKR 98-476, CSR 30, PAU 6297-1 yielded equally in DSR as well as in TPR. All the genotypes under study showed earlier flowering and maturity in DSR followed by SRI and TPR=CFC. Pusa Basmati 1509recordedthe earliest flowering across the environments. Most of the genotypes showed an increase in panicle weight, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, percent filled spikelets, Biological yield, and grain yield under SRI over other methods of rice crop establishment. Among different methods, SRI was found best than TPR, CFC, and DSR (wet).
{"title":"Performance of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different crop establishment methods","authors":"H. Kesh, K. Ram","doi":"10.2298/gensr2201027k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201027k","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of thirty-six Basmati rice genotypes for yield and its related traits under direct-seeded rice (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI), chemical-free cultivation (CFC), and conventional transplanted rice (TPR).The genotypes were evaluated for two years at two locations in randomized block design with three replications. Genotype Pusa Basmati 1121 scored highest ~22% yield increase in system of rice intensification method over transplanted rice followed by Pusa Basmati 1 (~20%) genotypes HKR 11-447 (~18 %). Genotype Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 1637-2-8-20-5 and Pusa Basmati1734-8-3-85 produced 8-16 % higher yield in chemical-free cultivation in comparison to TPR. Genotypes HKR 98-476, CSR 30, PAU 6297-1 yielded equally in DSR as well as in TPR. All the genotypes under study showed earlier flowering and maturity in DSR followed by SRI and TPR=CFC. Pusa Basmati 1509recordedthe earliest flowering across the environments. Most of the genotypes showed an increase in panicle weight, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, percent filled spikelets, Biological yield, and grain yield under SRI over other methods of rice crop establishment. Among different methods, SRI was found best than TPR, CFC, and DSR (wet).","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68291462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yellow hornpoppy (Glaucium flavum Crantz.) is a herbaceous plant with gray-green leaves in coastal sands, rocky areas, and heavily eroded soils up to 500 meters above sea level. Glaucium flavum is native to Northern Africa, temperate zones in Western Asia and Europe, and is indigenous to Iran. The plant has been widely recognized for its aporphine-type isoquinoline alkaloids, which are pharmacologically active. Thus, we conducted a combination of morphological and molecular data analysis on such species because of the plant species' relevance. One hundred seven randomly collected plants from 14 natural populations in 5 provinces were evaluated using ISSR markers and morphological traits. The evaluation of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated significant genetic divergence between the examined populations. It indicated that 25% of overall genetic variability was related to intra-population variety, whereas 75% was due to inter-population genetic differentiation. ISSR primers discovered 156 bands, 139 (83 %) of which have been polymorphic, each primer containing an average of 13 bands. The Polymorphic Bands (PPB) Percentage (ISSR-6) varied from 50% to 100%. (ISSR-1, ISSR-4, and ISSR-5). The average polymorphic information content (PIC), Shannon's information indexes (I), and several effective alleles (Ne) were correspondingly 0.39, 0.26, and 1.2.
{"title":"Population differentiation and gene flow of Glaucium flavum (Papaveraceae)","authors":"Song Ting, Yu Yibing","doi":"10.2298/gensr2201275t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr2201275t","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow hornpoppy (Glaucium flavum Crantz.) is a herbaceous plant with gray-green leaves in coastal sands, rocky areas, and heavily eroded soils up to 500 meters above sea level. Glaucium flavum is native to Northern Africa, temperate zones in Western Asia and Europe, and is indigenous to Iran. The plant has been widely recognized for its aporphine-type isoquinoline alkaloids, which are pharmacologically active. Thus, we conducted a combination of morphological and molecular data analysis on such species because of the plant species' relevance. One hundred seven randomly collected plants from 14 natural populations in 5 provinces were evaluated using ISSR markers and morphological traits. The evaluation of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated significant genetic divergence between the examined populations. It indicated that 25% of overall genetic variability was related to intra-population variety, whereas 75% was due to inter-population genetic differentiation. ISSR primers discovered 156 bands, 139 (83 %) of which have been polymorphic, each primer containing an average of 13 bands. The Polymorphic Bands (PPB) Percentage (ISSR-6) varied from 50% to 100%. (ISSR-1, ISSR-4, and ISSR-5). The average polymorphic information content (PIC), Shannon's information indexes (I), and several effective alleles (Ne) were correspondingly 0.39, 0.26, and 1.2.","PeriodicalId":50423,"journal":{"name":"Genetika-Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68292308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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