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French Gastronomic Culture and the Possibilities of Translating the Vocabulary of the Gastronomic World 法国美食文化与翻译美食世界词汇的可能性
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/66
A. Usmanova, N. Ypyshova, M. Tupchiboeva
The focus of this article is on a type of discourse that is central to any culture — the gluttonous discourse (gastronomic discourse), which aims to achieve communication in relation to historical, religious-ethnic and other aspects of the eating process between different peoples. Intercultural communication and translation are challenged by differences in established gastronomic norms. The techniques translators encounter when translating gluttonous texts are discussed in this article.
本文的重点是对任何文化都至关重要的一种话语--饕餮话语(美食话语),其目的是在不同民族之间就饮食过程中的历史、宗教、种族和其他方面进行交流。跨文化交流和翻译面临着既定美食规范差异的挑战。本文将讨论译者在翻译美食文本时遇到的技巧。
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引用次数: 0
Features of the Functioning of Hypothetical Modal Words in Russian and Kyrgyz Languages 俄语和吉尔吉斯语中假设情态词的功能特点
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/70
A. Abylova, G. Chepekova
The articleis devoted to one ofthe topical issues of linguistics, in particular, the peculiarities of the functioning of hypothetical modal words in the Russian and Kyrgyz languages. The main attention in this article is focused on the analysis of hypothetical modal words in the compared languages. Despite the wide interestof researchers in this problem, there are still no generalizing works that consider modal words with the meaning of assumption in modern Russian. There are practically no works devotedto the comparative analysis of the functions, semantics and functioningof hypothetical modal words in the Russian and Kyrgyz languages. During the analysisof the features of the functioning of hypothetical modal words in the compared languages, it was concluded that the choiceof hypothetical modal words in the text depends on the individual author's style of the writer. The main function of modal words as the main lexical means of expressing modal meanings is that they expressthe speaker's subjective relationship to the utterance, correlate the content of the utterance with reality in termsof its reality, unreality or presumption. modal words in a sentence play an important role: without them, the sentence, although it does not lose grammatical harmony, still does not have the meaning, the content, the coloringthat the speaker needed to express. Excessive use of modal words turns them into a parasite word.
文章专门讨论语言学的一个热点问题,特别是俄语和吉尔吉斯语中假设情态词的特殊功能。本文的主要注意力集中在对这两种语言中假设情态词的分析上。尽管研究者们对这一问题有着广泛的兴趣,但目前仍没有研究现代俄语中带有假设意义的情态词的综合性著作。实际上,也没有作品专门对俄语和吉尔吉斯语中假设情态词的功能、语义和作用进行比较分析。在分析假设语气词在对比语言中的功能特点时,得出的结论是,假设语气词在文本中的选择取决于作者的个人风格。情态词作为表达情态意义的主要词汇手段,其主要功能是表达说话人与语篇的主观关系,将语篇内容与现实的真实、不真实或推测联系起来。情态词在句子中起着重要作用:没有情态词,句子虽然不失语法和谐,但仍然没有说话人需要表达的意义、内容和色彩。过多使用语气词会使语气词变成寄生词。
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引用次数: 0
Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease 早期诊断帕金森病的生物标志物
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/33
F. Yusupov, A. Yuldashev, T. Nurmatov
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that neurodegenerative diseases will be the biggest health problem in the future. Among neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease is the second most common after Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common pathology of a person with movement disorders. Among neurological diseases, it has a high social significance due to the negative effect on the quality of life (early loss of the ability to work, progressive disorders of motor and cognitive skills). With increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease increases. Biological markers of early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are being actively studied. The review presents the most clinically significant biological markers for the preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid, serum biomarkers and biomarkers of other biological fluids in Parkinson's disease are discussed.
世界卫生组织(WHO)指出,神经退行性疾病将是未来最大的健康问题。在神经退行性疾病中,帕金森病是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大常见疾病。帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是运动障碍患者最常见的病症。在神经系统疾病中,帕金森病具有很高的社会意义,因为它会对患者的生活质量产生负面影响(早期丧失工作能力、进行性运动和认知能力障碍)。随着预期寿命的延长,帕金森病的发病率也在增加。目前正在积极研究早期诊断帕金森病的生物标志物。本综述介绍了对临床前诊断帕金森病最有临床意义的生物标志物。文中讨论了帕金森病的脑脊液生物标志物、血清生物标志物和其他生物液体的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Symbolic Signs of the Eye Concept in English Language View of the World 英语世界观中眼睛概念的象征符号
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/69
N. Akmatalieva, Ch. Naimanova
The article deals with the symbolic meanings and cultural meanings associated with the concept “eye” in the English linguistic picture of the world. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of lexicographic sources, phraseology, paremi, artistic discourse and corpus data a wide range of symbolic features of this concept is revealed. To achieve the purpose of the article a number of methods were used: linguocultural, paremiological, linguistic and linguistic-stylistic analysis, as well as the analysis of artistic discourse. It is established that the concept "eye" in English linguoculture symbolizes a “window” for comprehending the inner world of a person and reflects ideas about soul, emotions, personal qualities. At the same time, eyes are metaphorically associated with perception, aesthetic pleasure, inspiration, insight, but also greed, sinfulness, threat and cruel retribution. The revealed richness and ambivalence of symbolic meanings are explained by the cultural significance of the concept “eye” in the English tradition, its deep roots in Christianity, paganism, folklore, literature and art. The symbolism of eyes represents the national values of the English — the search for truth, love of beauty, thirst for knowledge, but also negative features that require attention. It is concluded that the concept “eye” is one of the main codes of English linguoculture, embodying the originality of the national worldview through metaphorical conceptualization of the most important “window” for cognition of reality.
文章论述了 "眼睛 "这一概念在英语语言世界图景中的象征意义和文化含义。在对词汇来源、短语、句式、艺术话语和语料库数据进行综合分析的基础上,揭示了这一概念的广泛象征特征。为了实现文章的目的,我们使用了多种方法:语言文化学、词义学、语言学和语言风格学分析,以及艺术话语分析。研究发现,"眼睛 "这一概念在英语语言文化中象征着理解一个人内心世界的 "窗口",反映了关于灵魂、情感和个人品质的观念。同时,"眼睛 "还隐喻着感知、审美愉悦、灵感、洞察力,以及贪婪、罪恶、威胁和残酷的报应。眼睛 "这一概念在英国传统中的文化意义,其在基督教、异教、民间传说、文学和艺术中的深厚根基,解释了所揭示的象征意义的丰富性和矛盾性。眼睛的象征意义代表了英国人的民族价值观--追求真理、热爱美、渴求知识,但也有需要注意的负面特征。结论是,"眼睛 "概念是英语语言文化的主要代码之一,通过对认知现实的最重要 "窗口 "的隐喻概念化,体现了民族世界观的独创性。
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引用次数: 0
Youth as an Object of Social Work 青年是社会工作的对象
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/64
A. Kushbakova
Young people, their problems as a large and specific socio-demographic group, directions of socialization and processes of self-realization in society study various sciences and scientific disciplines, therefore, the most voluminous, generalizing “portrait” of a young person, a young generation (generation), above all in a specific historical time and in a particular society, can be to present only at the interdisciplinary level, that is, taking into account the data of many sciences. So, in the complex, the phenomenon of “youth” can only be considered by the sociology of youth.
青年作为一个庞大而又特殊的社会人口群体,他们的问题、社会化的方向以及在社会中 实现自我的过程都是由各种科学和科学学科来研究的,因此,只有在跨学科的层面上,也就 是在考虑到多种科学数据的情况下,才能最全面、最概括地 "描绘 "一个青年、青年一代 (世代),尤其是在特定的历史时期和特定的社会中。因此,"青年 "现象只能由青年社会学来综合考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Typology and Classification of Management Decisions 管理决策的类型和分类
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/45
R. Sadykova, B. Kochkonov, D. Khasanova
Management process is dynamic. Changes in the external and internal environment give rise to the need to make various management decisions. A managerial decision is a choice that a manager must make in order to fulfill the responsibilities of his position. Research objectives: ensuring progress towards the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, the most effective management decision will be the choice that will actually be implemented and will make the greatest contribution to achieving the final goal. Typology and classification of management decisions is necessary to clearly define the characteristics of decisions made at various levels of the organization, and on this basis to formulate requirements for decision-makers, as well as for the information that they should receive. In the process of managing organizations, a huge number of very diverse decisions are made that have different characteristics. There are general characteristics that allow management decisions to be classified and typologized in a certain way.
管理过程是动态的。外部和内部环境的变化导致需要做出各种管理决策。管理决策是管理者为履行其职位职责而必须做出的选择。研究目标:确保其所承担的任务取得进展。因此,最有效的管理决策将是真正得到实施并对实现最终目标做出最大贡献的选择。有必要对管理决策进行类型学和分类,以明确界定组织各级决策的特点,并在此基础上制定对决策者的要求以及他们应获得的信息。在组织的管理过程中,会做出大量各具特色的决策。管理决策具有一些普遍特征,可以通过某种方式对其进行分类和类型化。
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引用次数: 0
Helminth Fauna of Buffaloes Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Northeastern Foothills of the Lesser Caucasus of Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆小高加索山脉东北麓水牛的螺旋虫动物群 Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/18
E. Aslanova, V. Safikhanova
The article is devoted the study of the helminth fauna of buffaloes in the north-eastern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. The study was conducted in 15 buffaloes by partial necropsy in different zones (plain, foothills, mountainous) and 23 species of helminths were detected. The helminth fauna consisted of 4 species of trematodes, 5 species of cestodes and 14 species of nematodes. The extent intensity and nature of spread of detected helminth species were analyzed.
本文专门研究了小高加索地区东北山麓水牛的蠕虫动物群。研究在不同地区(平原、山麓、山区)对 15 头水牛进行了部分解剖,发现了 23 种蠕虫。蠕虫群包括 4 种吸虫、5 种绦虫和 14 种线虫。对检测到的蠕虫种类的传播范围、强度和性质进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Selective Extraction and Determination of Scandium in Industrial Waste (Matte) by the Complexometric Method 用络合计量法选择性萃取和测定工业废弃物(马口铁)中的钪
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/39
A. Ukeleeva, E. Dzhumabekova, A. Sydygalieva, Zh. Zhusupova, B. Murzubraimov
In this article, selective extraction and complexometric titration of scandium waste (waste matte) are investigated. Waste matte contains various ions of elements As, Pb, Sb, K, Hg, Fe, Ca, Au, Cd, Na, Si that interfere with the determination of scandium. In a moderately acidic medium, scandium ions form a mixed complex with diantipyrylmethane in the presence of iodide ions, which is well soluble in chloroform. Under these conditions, lanthanides as well as As, Pb, Sb, K, Hg, Fe, Ca, Au, Cd, Na do not form compounds soluble in chloroform and do not interfere with the determination of scandium. Scandium is reextracted with an ammonia solution of EDTA and the determination is completed complexometrically.
本文研究了钪废料(废锍)的选择性萃取和络合滴定。废锍中含有各种元素 As、Pb、Sb、K、Hg、Fe、Ca、Au、Cd、Na、Si 离子,这些离子会干扰钪的测定。在中酸性介质中,钪离子与二硫代丙烯基甲烷在碘离子的存在下形成混合络合物,这种络合物能很好地溶于氯仿。在这些条件下,镧系元素以及 As、Pb、Sb、K、Hg、Fe、Ca、Au、Cd、Na 不会形成可溶于氯仿的化合物,也不会干扰钪的测定。用乙二胺四乙酸的氨溶液重新萃取钪,然后用络合计量法完成测定。
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引用次数: 0
Mountain-Xerophytic Vegetation Type Found in Daridag 达里达格发现的山地-红叶植被类型
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/06
A. Heydarova
Information about the mountain-xerophytic type of vegetation of the Daridag area is presented. Areas at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level are characterized by plant species with mountain xerophytic vegetation. Mountain xerophytic flora is not homogeneous and represents a set of individual phytocenosis. Ephemeral plants play an important role in this vegetation. In addition to ephemerals, the vegetation includes bulbous, tuberous, and various grasses, mainly: Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey., Astragalus microcephalus Willd., Astragalus beckerianus Trautv., Astragalus aduncus Willd., Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., T. collinus M. Bieb.,Euphorbia seguieriana Neck., Caragana grandiflora (M. Bieb.) DC., Atraphaxis spinosa L., Acanthophyllum mucronatum C. A. Mey., Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. & C. A. Mey., Z. fabago L., Acantholimon araxanum Bunge etc. In total, the study identified 6 groups of formations and 16 associations. These include thorn shrubs, monodominant tragacanth xerophytic shrubs, cushion xerophytic shrubs, subshrub phrygana and mixed shrubs, which are included in the mountain xerophytic vegetation type. The phytocenosis of mixed herbaceous shrubs is comprised of 35 species, of which 10 species are shrubs (28.56%), 1 species is a semi-shrub (2.86%), 1 species is a shrub (2.86%), 2 species are semi-shrubs (5.72%), and 21 species are perennial and biennial (60%) plants. With regard to their life forms, of the 21 species included in the monodominant tragacanth xerophytic shrub grouping, three species are shrub-like, two species are shrubs, two species are semi-shrubs, and 14 species are perennial grasses.
本报告介绍了达里达格地区山地旱生植被类型的相关信息。海拔 1200-1600 米地区的植物物种具有山地旱生植被的特征。山地旱生植物群并非千篇一律,而是代表了一系列不同的植物群落。昙花植物在这种植被中发挥着重要作用。除昙花植物外,植被还包括球茎植物、块茎植物和各种禾本科植物,主要有Rhamnus pallasii Fisch.& C. A. Mey.、Astragalus microcephalus Willd.、Astragalus beckerianus Trautv.、Astragalus aduncus Willd.、Thymus kotschyanus Boiss.& Hohen.、T. collinus M. Bieb.、Euphorbia seguieriana Neck、Caragana grandiflora (M. Bieb.) DC.、Atraphaxis spinosa L.、Acanthophyllum mucronatum C. A. Mey.、Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. & C. A. Mey.、Z. fabago L.、Acantholimon araxanum Bunge 等。这项研究总共确定了 6 组形态和 16 个组合。其中包括荆棘灌木、单优势沙棘旱生灌木、垫状旱生灌木、亚灌木疱状灌木和混合灌木,这些都属于山地旱生植被类型。混合草本灌木植物群落共有 35 种,其中灌木 10 种,占 28.56%;半灌木 1 种,占 2.86%;灌木 1 种,占 2.86%;半灌木 2 种,占 5.72%;多年生和二年生植物 21 种,占 60%。就其生活形态而言,在 21 个物种中,单性沙棘异生灌木类中有 3 个物种为灌木状,2 个物种为灌木,2 个物种为半灌木,14 个物种为多年生禾本科植物。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomical Structure of Some Dying Plants of the Lesser Caucasus 小高加索地区一些枯萎植物的解剖结构
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/104/04
L. Gurbanova
The article provides information about the morpho-anatomical and coloring properties of some plants of the Lesser Caucasus, common in the territory of Azerbaijan. The distribution zones of species are indicated, anatomical studies are carried out, and both permanent and diagnostic structural indicators of taxa are determined. It was found that plants in the mountain zone develop characteristic features: thickening of the leaf blade; strong development of palisade parenchyma; a decrease in the volume of stomata, but an increase in their number; thickening of the membrane and cuticle of epidermal cells, formation of dense hair; reduction and compaction of cells.
文章介绍了阿塞拜疆境内常见的一些小高加索植物的形态解剖学和色彩特性。文章指出了物种的分布区,进行了解剖学研究,并确定了分类群的永久性和诊断性结构指标。研究发现,山区的植物具有以下特征:叶片增厚;栅栏状实质发育旺盛;气孔体积减小,但数量增加;表皮细胞膜和角质层增厚,形成致密绒毛;细胞缩小和压实。
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引用次数: 0
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