Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1177/09544089241228940
Battal Doğan, M. Yeşilyurt, Nisa Nur Atak
Diesel engines will continue to be discussed in the coming years because of their harm to the environment resulting from emitted pollutants. These engines are unrivaled in the transportation industry owing to the high power achieved at high compression ratios. In recent years, studies have been carried out on the use of alternative fuels instead of diesel in compression ignition engines. Fusel oil (FO) is a by-product acquired from several types of agricultural biomass by different techniques. To conclude, in the present paper, researches in the published literature for diesel engines using fuel blends containing FO as an alternative fuel have been reviewed in detail. FO's high octane number, high oxygen content, and low freezing point make it stand out as a fuel additive. In addition, the calorific value of FO is lower than diesel, and its density and viscosity are higher. When FO is infused at different concentrations to diesel fuel (DF) or DF-biodiesel mixtures, fuel consumption increases in compression-ignition engines while engine power decreases compared to reference DF. There is a noticeable decrease in CO and NOx pollutants in fuel blends using FO. The amount of water in the FO has an adverse effect on diesel engines. In the article, firstly, the production and properties of FO are reviewed and its fuel properties are summarized. Then, the effects of diesel/FO and diesel/biodiesel/FO mixtures on engine performance and emissions are discussed. Finally, the positive and negative aspects of FO for diesel engines are summarized.
{"title":"An overview concerning the utilization of fusel oil as an alternative fuel in the engine applications","authors":"Battal Doğan, M. Yeşilyurt, Nisa Nur Atak","doi":"10.1177/09544089241228940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241228940","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel engines will continue to be discussed in the coming years because of their harm to the environment resulting from emitted pollutants. These engines are unrivaled in the transportation industry owing to the high power achieved at high compression ratios. In recent years, studies have been carried out on the use of alternative fuels instead of diesel in compression ignition engines. Fusel oil (FO) is a by-product acquired from several types of agricultural biomass by different techniques. To conclude, in the present paper, researches in the published literature for diesel engines using fuel blends containing FO as an alternative fuel have been reviewed in detail. FO's high octane number, high oxygen content, and low freezing point make it stand out as a fuel additive. In addition, the calorific value of FO is lower than diesel, and its density and viscosity are higher. When FO is infused at different concentrations to diesel fuel (DF) or DF-biodiesel mixtures, fuel consumption increases in compression-ignition engines while engine power decreases compared to reference DF. There is a noticeable decrease in CO and NOx pollutants in fuel blends using FO. The amount of water in the FO has an adverse effect on diesel engines. In the article, firstly, the production and properties of FO are reviewed and its fuel properties are summarized. Then, the effects of diesel/FO and diesel/biodiesel/FO mixtures on engine performance and emissions are discussed. Finally, the positive and negative aspects of FO for diesel engines are summarized.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"93 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1177/09544089241227351
V. Rajkumar, X. Ajay Vasanth, A. Rajesh Kannan, N. Siva Shanmugam
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has become an inevitable manufacturing technology in the present decade. This article discusses optimizing process variables for fabricating Hastelloy C276 alloy via WAAM. The controlling parameters are gas flow rate (GFR), deposition speed, and welding current, while the depth of penetration, top reinforcement, and bead width are the output parameters considered for optimization. The magnitude of interaction effects between control parameters is equal to that of individual impact on the weld bead characteristics evident from analysis of variance results. Grey relational analysis revealed the optimal parameters (trial 1 with I = 120 A, S = 200 mm/min, GFR = 15 L/min) chosen through its robust optimization procedure. S/N ratio analysis revealed the most influencing parameters at the factor level (current level 1, speed level 1). The Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm was used as a precision and confirmation experiment. The GWO optimization results further confirmed that the GFR of 15 L/min, speed of 200 mm/min, and current of 120 A were the optimized parameters used in this design space. Further, normal probability plots with minimal error of around 1% reinforce that the parameters chosen in this design space are well within the optimal limits. The surface plots reported the relationship and variation between control and resulting factors.
{"title":"Some studies on optimization of process parameters for wire ARC additive manufacturing of Hastelloy C276 using GRA-GWO hybrid techniques","authors":"V. Rajkumar, X. Ajay Vasanth, A. Rajesh Kannan, N. Siva Shanmugam","doi":"10.1177/09544089241227351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241227351","url":null,"abstract":"Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has become an inevitable manufacturing technology in the present decade. This article discusses optimizing process variables for fabricating Hastelloy C276 alloy via WAAM. The controlling parameters are gas flow rate (GFR), deposition speed, and welding current, while the depth of penetration, top reinforcement, and bead width are the output parameters considered for optimization. The magnitude of interaction effects between control parameters is equal to that of individual impact on the weld bead characteristics evident from analysis of variance results. Grey relational analysis revealed the optimal parameters (trial 1 with I = 120 A, S = 200 mm/min, GFR = 15 L/min) chosen through its robust optimization procedure. S/N ratio analysis revealed the most influencing parameters at the factor level (current level 1, speed level 1). The Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm was used as a precision and confirmation experiment. The GWO optimization results further confirmed that the GFR of 15 L/min, speed of 200 mm/min, and current of 120 A were the optimized parameters used in this design space. Further, normal probability plots with minimal error of around 1% reinforce that the parameters chosen in this design space are well within the optimal limits. The surface plots reported the relationship and variation between control and resulting factors.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1177/09544089241227351
V. Rajkumar, X. Ajay Vasanth, A. Rajesh Kannan, N. Siva Shanmugam
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has become an inevitable manufacturing technology in the present decade. This article discusses optimizing process variables for fabricating Hastelloy C276 alloy via WAAM. The controlling parameters are gas flow rate (GFR), deposition speed, and welding current, while the depth of penetration, top reinforcement, and bead width are the output parameters considered for optimization. The magnitude of interaction effects between control parameters is equal to that of individual impact on the weld bead characteristics evident from analysis of variance results. Grey relational analysis revealed the optimal parameters (trial 1 with I = 120 A, S = 200 mm/min, GFR = 15 L/min) chosen through its robust optimization procedure. S/N ratio analysis revealed the most influencing parameters at the factor level (current level 1, speed level 1). The Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm was used as a precision and confirmation experiment. The GWO optimization results further confirmed that the GFR of 15 L/min, speed of 200 mm/min, and current of 120 A were the optimized parameters used in this design space. Further, normal probability plots with minimal error of around 1% reinforce that the parameters chosen in this design space are well within the optimal limits. The surface plots reported the relationship and variation between control and resulting factors.
{"title":"Some studies on optimization of process parameters for wire ARC additive manufacturing of Hastelloy C276 using GRA-GWO hybrid techniques","authors":"V. Rajkumar, X. Ajay Vasanth, A. Rajesh Kannan, N. Siva Shanmugam","doi":"10.1177/09544089241227351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241227351","url":null,"abstract":"Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has become an inevitable manufacturing technology in the present decade. This article discusses optimizing process variables for fabricating Hastelloy C276 alloy via WAAM. The controlling parameters are gas flow rate (GFR), deposition speed, and welding current, while the depth of penetration, top reinforcement, and bead width are the output parameters considered for optimization. The magnitude of interaction effects between control parameters is equal to that of individual impact on the weld bead characteristics evident from analysis of variance results. Grey relational analysis revealed the optimal parameters (trial 1 with I = 120 A, S = 200 mm/min, GFR = 15 L/min) chosen through its robust optimization procedure. S/N ratio analysis revealed the most influencing parameters at the factor level (current level 1, speed level 1). The Grey Wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm was used as a precision and confirmation experiment. The GWO optimization results further confirmed that the GFR of 15 L/min, speed of 200 mm/min, and current of 120 A were the optimized parameters used in this design space. Further, normal probability plots with minimal error of around 1% reinforce that the parameters chosen in this design space are well within the optimal limits. The surface plots reported the relationship and variation between control and resulting factors.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/09544089241227665
Xing Ge, Haijiang Liu, ZiJian Yu, Libin Zhu
This article applies flow drill screws (FDS) technology to the connection of dissimilar materials, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy (AA6061-T6), and proposes a method to study the influence of FDS process parameters on the strength of the connection in stages. Based on this method, the optimal process parameters for the connection of this type of plate are explored. Firstly, the mathematical analysis of the process in each stage is conducted, and then the different process parameters in different stages are grouped and tested for the strength of the joint. The optimal process parameters obtained from the previous stage are input into the next stage for further testing, resulting in the highest shear connection strength of 5.98 kN for the FDS connection of CFRP and AA6061-T6 plates. The experimental results show that the influence of different process parameters on the strength of the joint varies in different stages. To improve the connection strength, high speed and low feed force should be selected in the second stage, low speed and low feed force should be selected in the third stage, and the tightening torque should be reasonably selected in the fourth stage.
{"title":"The effect of staged process parameters for flow drill screws on the strength of the connection between carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and aluminum alloy","authors":"Xing Ge, Haijiang Liu, ZiJian Yu, Libin Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09544089241227665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241227665","url":null,"abstract":"This article applies flow drill screws (FDS) technology to the connection of dissimilar materials, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy (AA6061-T6), and proposes a method to study the influence of FDS process parameters on the strength of the connection in stages. Based on this method, the optimal process parameters for the connection of this type of plate are explored. Firstly, the mathematical analysis of the process in each stage is conducted, and then the different process parameters in different stages are grouped and tested for the strength of the joint. The optimal process parameters obtained from the previous stage are input into the next stage for further testing, resulting in the highest shear connection strength of 5.98 kN for the FDS connection of CFRP and AA6061-T6 plates. The experimental results show that the influence of different process parameters on the strength of the joint varies in different stages. To improve the connection strength, high speed and low feed force should be selected in the second stage, low speed and low feed force should be selected in the third stage, and the tightening torque should be reasonably selected in the fourth stage.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"396 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/09544089231221068
Bharat Singh Chittoriya, A. Jayant, Rakesh Kumar
In this work, multi-response optimization of output and input responses of multipass friction stir processing (MPFSP) of AA7050 with (SiC + TiB2) nanoparticles by response surface methodology based on the center composite design and metallurgical characterization were analyzed, and the optimum parameters of the MPFSP were discussed. At high tool rotational speed (TRS) of 1100 rpm with 50% TiB2 and 100% SiC nanoparticles, maximum joint efficiency (137.80%) was observed due to uniformly dispersed SiC and TiB2 within the matrix, serving as practical obstacles to dislocation motion, hindering plastic deformation, and facilitating enhanced mechanical properties. MPFS and nanoparticles broke the coarse grain structure of the base metal and produced a fine and homogenous grain structure in the stir zone. Increasing the concentration of reinforcement particles and FSP passes (1 to 4) inhibited grain boundary migration and significantly reduced the high-angle grain boundary and grain size. The optimized value of input parameters TRS, TiB2 nanoparticles, and SiC nanoparticles was observed as 1068 rpm, 56%, and 97%, while the optimized value of output response tensile strength, % strain, and hardness value was found as 569.16 MPa, 20.79, and 148.32 HV respectively. The p-value for all three models remained below 0.05, indicating a confidence level exceeding 95% in the constructed models, rendering them suitable for design exploration. The hardness value range of MPFSP/(SiC + TiB2) lies between 130 HV and 190 HV. The minimum hardness value of 131.03 HV was observed at 0% TiB2 and 50% SiC reinforcement particles with TRS of 1100 rpm, while the highest microhardness (187.02 HV) was perceived at 1000 rpm.
{"title":"Multi-response optimization of input and output responses of multipass FSP of AA7050 with (SiC + TiB2) nanoparticles by response surface methodology","authors":"Bharat Singh Chittoriya, A. Jayant, Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544089231221068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089231221068","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, multi-response optimization of output and input responses of multipass friction stir processing (MPFSP) of AA7050 with (SiC + TiB2) nanoparticles by response surface methodology based on the center composite design and metallurgical characterization were analyzed, and the optimum parameters of the MPFSP were discussed. At high tool rotational speed (TRS) of 1100 rpm with 50% TiB2 and 100% SiC nanoparticles, maximum joint efficiency (137.80%) was observed due to uniformly dispersed SiC and TiB2 within the matrix, serving as practical obstacles to dislocation motion, hindering plastic deformation, and facilitating enhanced mechanical properties. MPFS and nanoparticles broke the coarse grain structure of the base metal and produced a fine and homogenous grain structure in the stir zone. Increasing the concentration of reinforcement particles and FSP passes (1 to 4) inhibited grain boundary migration and significantly reduced the high-angle grain boundary and grain size. The optimized value of input parameters TRS, TiB2 nanoparticles, and SiC nanoparticles was observed as 1068 rpm, 56%, and 97%, while the optimized value of output response tensile strength, % strain, and hardness value was found as 569.16 MPa, 20.79, and 148.32 HV respectively. The p-value for all three models remained below 0.05, indicating a confidence level exceeding 95% in the constructed models, rendering them suitable for design exploration. The hardness value range of MPFSP/(SiC + TiB2) lies between 130 HV and 190 HV. The minimum hardness value of 131.03 HV was observed at 0% TiB2 and 50% SiC reinforcement particles with TRS of 1100 rpm, while the highest microhardness (187.02 HV) was perceived at 1000 rpm.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"798 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/09544089241228115
Yang Xiao, Sanmin Wang, Kexin Tang, Tao Zhang, Zheng Guo, Xiaomei Sun
In gear transmission, the continuous meshing of the teeth will lead to an increase in their temperature, which will have a certain impact on the working performance of the tooth surface. In order to explore the failure-bearing capacity of gears under dry-running conditions, temperature effects were considered in existing methods for determining tooth surface failure, making it more suitable for high-temperature working conditions caused by a lack of lubrication. The failure situation of gears within 35 min after losing lubrication was analyzed. The results indicate that when the gear loses lubrication, the tooth surface temperature of the gear pair has exceeded the material melting point after working at an input power of 2000 kW for 12 min. But when the power drops to 1000 kW, the instantaneous temperatures of the driving and driven gear tooth surfaces at the end of 35 min reach 1090 and 995°C, respectively, which are lower than the scuffing temperature of the tooth surface. The cumulative wear depths of the driving and driven gear tooth surfaces at the end of 35 min were 239 and 86.6 um, respectively, which were lower than the failure wear depth of the tooth surface; The allowable contact stress of the gear pair within 35 min is greater than its contact stress, meeting the judgment condition of no pitting failure. This indicates that reducing power can appropriately extend the failure time of gear teeth, thereby improving the ultimate working capacity of gears under dry-running conditions. In addition, a gear dry-running experiment was carried out. By comparing the theoretical calculation results with the measured gear failure degree, it shows that the improved method for determining gear surface failure is effective.
{"title":"Tooth surface analysis method based on thermo-mechanical coupling and its application in prediction of gear dry-running bearing capacity","authors":"Yang Xiao, Sanmin Wang, Kexin Tang, Tao Zhang, Zheng Guo, Xiaomei Sun","doi":"10.1177/09544089241228115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241228115","url":null,"abstract":"In gear transmission, the continuous meshing of the teeth will lead to an increase in their temperature, which will have a certain impact on the working performance of the tooth surface. In order to explore the failure-bearing capacity of gears under dry-running conditions, temperature effects were considered in existing methods for determining tooth surface failure, making it more suitable for high-temperature working conditions caused by a lack of lubrication. The failure situation of gears within 35 min after losing lubrication was analyzed. The results indicate that when the gear loses lubrication, the tooth surface temperature of the gear pair has exceeded the material melting point after working at an input power of 2000 kW for 12 min. But when the power drops to 1000 kW, the instantaneous temperatures of the driving and driven gear tooth surfaces at the end of 35 min reach 1090 and 995°C, respectively, which are lower than the scuffing temperature of the tooth surface. The cumulative wear depths of the driving and driven gear tooth surfaces at the end of 35 min were 239 and 86.6 um, respectively, which were lower than the failure wear depth of the tooth surface; The allowable contact stress of the gear pair within 35 min is greater than its contact stress, meeting the judgment condition of no pitting failure. This indicates that reducing power can appropriately extend the failure time of gear teeth, thereby improving the ultimate working capacity of gears under dry-running conditions. In addition, a gear dry-running experiment was carried out. By comparing the theoretical calculation results with the measured gear failure degree, it shows that the improved method for determining gear surface failure is effective.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"364 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/09544089241228943
Xudong Song, Jialiang Sun, Changxiang Li
The rolling bearing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is a hot topic issue in the field of rail transportation. The existing RUL prediction methods for rolling bearing have problems such as unreasonable division of rolling bearing degradation stages and incomplete extraction of degradation features by feature selection indicators. In order to solve these problems, an entire life-cycle rolling bearing RUL prediction method using new degradation feature evaluation indicators is proposed. Firstly, the degradation feature evaluation indicator is designed to evaluate the stability of the degradation feature. Then, the combination of stability evaluation indicator and correlation evaluation indicator is used as the basis for feature selection. Secondly, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) method is fused with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to divide the bearing entire life-cycle into three stages: normal stage, early degradation stage, and degradation stage. Finally, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is trained separately to predict the rolling bearing RUL for different rolling bearing degradation stages. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction method based on different degradation stages of rolling bearing in predicting the RUL of rolling bearing is verified through PRONOSTIA bearing dataset. The comparison with existing methods shows that this approach demonstrates superior accuracy and predictive performance. For example, the Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluation metric has decreased by 60%. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) evaluation metric has decreased by 36.5%. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) evaluation metric has decreased by 48.6%. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) evaluation metric has decreased by 36.9%.
{"title":"An entire life-cycle rolling bearing remaining useful life prediction method using new degradation feature evaluation indicators","authors":"Xudong Song, Jialiang Sun, Changxiang Li","doi":"10.1177/09544089241228943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241228943","url":null,"abstract":"The rolling bearing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is a hot topic issue in the field of rail transportation. The existing RUL prediction methods for rolling bearing have problems such as unreasonable division of rolling bearing degradation stages and incomplete extraction of degradation features by feature selection indicators. In order to solve these problems, an entire life-cycle rolling bearing RUL prediction method using new degradation feature evaluation indicators is proposed. Firstly, the degradation feature evaluation indicator is designed to evaluate the stability of the degradation feature. Then, the combination of stability evaluation indicator and correlation evaluation indicator is used as the basis for feature selection. Secondly, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) method is fused with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to divide the bearing entire life-cycle into three stages: normal stage, early degradation stage, and degradation stage. Finally, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is trained separately to predict the rolling bearing RUL for different rolling bearing degradation stages. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction method based on different degradation stages of rolling bearing in predicting the RUL of rolling bearing is verified through PRONOSTIA bearing dataset. The comparison with existing methods shows that this approach demonstrates superior accuracy and predictive performance. For example, the Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluation metric has decreased by 60%. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) evaluation metric has decreased by 36.5%. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) evaluation metric has decreased by 48.6%. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) evaluation metric has decreased by 36.9%.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"512 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/09544089241228941
A. Riyaz Ahmed, V. Mugendiran
Existing Direct Ink Write 3D printers use three axis robotic drives with high-cost extrusion system and no inbuilt curing system to cure the polymer inks. This article focusses on the development of a low-cost photopolymer ultraviolet (UV) light curing system for Direct Ink Write 3D printers and optimizing the print parameters. An UV light-emitting diode (LED) light curing setup consisting of UV LED strips, UV LED holder, and a nozzle shield is designed and fabricated. The photocuring of the polymer ink is with the help of low-cost UV LED strips emitting UV light in the wavelength of 405 nm. The effect of nozzle type, stand-off distance and printing speed on the layer height and layer width were calculated. The gel content was determined by Soxhlet extraction and the maximum gel content was achieved in 120 s. The setup was also able to fabricate complex shapes like hollow cone and a hollow bend pipe without any supports which validates the effectiveness of the curing system.
现有的直接墨水写入式三维打印机使用三轴机器人驱动器和高成本挤出系统，没有内置固化系统来固化聚合物墨水。本文重点介绍为直接墨水写入式三维打印机开发低成本光聚合物紫外线（UV）光固化系统以及优化打印参数。我们设计并制造了一种紫外线发光二极管（LED）光固化装置，由紫外线发光二极管条、紫外线发光二极管支架和喷嘴防护罩组成。聚合物油墨的光固化借助了低成本的 UV LED 灯条，其发出的紫外线波长为 405 纳米。计算了喷嘴类型、间距和打印速度对层高和层宽的影响。通过索氏提取法测定了凝胶含量，120 秒后凝胶含量达到最大值。该装置还能在没有任何支撑物的情况下制造出空心锥体和空心弯管等复杂形状，从而验证了固化系统的有效性。
{"title":"Development and validation of a low-cost UV curing system for Direct Ink Write 3D printers","authors":"A. Riyaz Ahmed, V. Mugendiran","doi":"10.1177/09544089241228941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241228941","url":null,"abstract":"Existing Direct Ink Write 3D printers use three axis robotic drives with high-cost extrusion system and no inbuilt curing system to cure the polymer inks. This article focusses on the development of a low-cost photopolymer ultraviolet (UV) light curing system for Direct Ink Write 3D printers and optimizing the print parameters. An UV light-emitting diode (LED) light curing setup consisting of UV LED strips, UV LED holder, and a nozzle shield is designed and fabricated. The photocuring of the polymer ink is with the help of low-cost UV LED strips emitting UV light in the wavelength of 405 nm. The effect of nozzle type, stand-off distance and printing speed on the layer height and layer width were calculated. The gel content was determined by Soxhlet extraction and the maximum gel content was achieved in 120 s. The setup was also able to fabricate complex shapes like hollow cone and a hollow bend pipe without any supports which validates the effectiveness of the curing system.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"227 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid advancements in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing methods have unlocked new opportunities in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM). This technique offers a viable solution for creating high-performance, multi-functional graded materials, parts, and tooling. Despite the extensive efforts invested in exploring the potential of the FDM-type multi-material additive approach, there is a noticeable lack of discussion specifically centered around the material feeding mechanism of this extrusion-based 3D printing method. This work provides a systematic review on the current studies related to the multi-material FDM 3D printing. It is found that the interlayer adhesion quality of different feedstock materials is a first and foremost feature in determining the strength of the entire print. To this end, we particularly focus on analyzing the feeding system of multiple materials and the strategy for material alternation. From our analytical evaluations, it is noticed that the single-nozzle/multi-feed and multi-nozzle/multi-feed FDM printers present unique pros. and cons., respectively. Inspired by multi-material applications of direct ink writing extrusion-based 3D printing, we also suggest to choose a suitable method based on the material rheology and thermal properties of the constituent materials. This can be a chance to gain further benefits from the multi-material AM.
熔融沉积建模（FDM）三维打印方法的快速发展为多材料增材制造（AM）带来了新的机遇。这种技术为制造高性能、多功能的分级材料、零件和工具提供了可行的解决方案。尽管人们在探索 FDM 型多材料增材制造方法的潜力方面投入了大量精力，但围绕这种基于挤压的 3D 打印方法的材料进给机制的讨论却明显不足。本研究对当前与多材料 FDM 三维打印相关的研究进行了系统回顾。研究发现，不同原料材料的层间粘合质量是决定整个打印强度的首要特征。为此，我们重点分析了多种材料的进料系统和材料交替策略。通过分析评估，我们发现单喷嘴/多进料和多喷嘴/多进料 FDM 打印机分别具有独特的优点和缺点。受基于直接墨水写入挤出三维打印的多材料应用的启发，我们还建议根据组成材料的材料流变学和热性能选择合适的方法。这将为多材料 AM 带来更多益处。
{"title":"Multi-material additive manufacturing via fused deposition modeling 3D printing: A systematic review on the material feeding mechanism","authors":"Zhaogui Wang, Lihan Wang, Feng Tang, Jingdong Chen","doi":"10.1177/09544089231223316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089231223316","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancements in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing methods have unlocked new opportunities in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM). This technique offers a viable solution for creating high-performance, multi-functional graded materials, parts, and tooling. Despite the extensive efforts invested in exploring the potential of the FDM-type multi-material additive approach, there is a noticeable lack of discussion specifically centered around the material feeding mechanism of this extrusion-based 3D printing method. This work provides a systematic review on the current studies related to the multi-material FDM 3D printing. It is found that the interlayer adhesion quality of different feedstock materials is a first and foremost feature in determining the strength of the entire print. To this end, we particularly focus on analyzing the feeding system of multiple materials and the strategy for material alternation. From our analytical evaluations, it is noticed that the single-nozzle/multi-feed and multi-nozzle/multi-feed FDM printers present unique pros. and cons., respectively. Inspired by multi-material applications of direct ink writing extrusion-based 3D printing, we also suggest to choose a suitable method based on the material rheology and thermal properties of the constituent materials. This can be a chance to gain further benefits from the multi-material AM.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1177/09544089231221677
Jeyanthi Subramanian, V. Selvaraj, Kuldeep A. Saxena, E. Jayamani, Rohan Singh, Chander Prakash, D. Buddhi
The novelty of this research aims to fabricate effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to prevent electrical components from EMI. In this work, Solidworks was used to design a honeycomb structure with different distances between parallel edges of the structure. All honeycomb structures were manufactured using Creality Ender-3, a 3D printer. The holes of the structure were filled with plasticine/carbon black/aluminum powder. SEM and FTIR tests were used to showcase the presence of nanofillers in the plasticine. The Central Composite design, a response surface methodology method, has been used to design and analyze the EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) experiments. Mathematical models have been developed using the EMI SE results to predict the outcomes and verify them with error estimation. By incorporating the carbon black/aluminum/plasticine composite into the 3D-printed honeycomb structures, the honeycomb structure with a thickness of 6 mm shows a considerably high total EMI SE of 23.8 dB in the 8–12 GHz frequency range. According to the results of an optimization study, 1.5 wt.% of carbon black, 0.5 wt.% of aluminum powder, and a 4-mm distance between parallel edges are the optimal parameters for achieving the highest total EMI SE. Overall, the results show a 3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers is a fantastic material employed in various fields, including defense and aviation, where lighter weight and EMI SE properties are critical.
这项研究的新颖之处在于制造有效的电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽材料，以防止电气元件受到 EMI 的影响。在这项工作中，使用 Solidworks 设计了一种蜂窝结构，该结构的平行边缘之间的距离各不相同。所有蜂窝结构均使用 Creality Ender-3 三维打印机制造。结构孔中填充了塑化剂/炭黑/铝粉。扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱测试显示了塑化剂中纳米填料的存在。在设计和分析电磁干扰屏蔽效果（EMI SE）实验时，采用了响应面方法中的中央复合设计。利用 EMI SE 结果建立了数学模型，以预测结果并通过误差估计进行验证。通过在三维打印蜂窝结构中加入碳黑/铝/塑性复合材料，厚度为 6 毫米的蜂窝结构在 8-12 GHz 频率范围内显示出 23.8 dB 的极高总 EMI SE。根据优化研究的结果，1.5 重量% 的炭黑、0.5 重量% 的铝粉和 4 毫米的平行边缘间距是实现最高总 EMI SE 的最佳参数。总之，研究结果表明，填充纳米填料的三维打印蜂窝结构是一种非常理想的材料，可用于国防和航空等对轻质和 EMI SE 性能要求极高的领域。
{"title":"3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding performance","authors":"Jeyanthi Subramanian, V. Selvaraj, Kuldeep A. Saxena, E. Jayamani, Rohan Singh, Chander Prakash, D. Buddhi","doi":"10.1177/09544089231221677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089231221677","url":null,"abstract":"The novelty of this research aims to fabricate effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to prevent electrical components from EMI. In this work, Solidworks was used to design a honeycomb structure with different distances between parallel edges of the structure. All honeycomb structures were manufactured using Creality Ender-3, a 3D printer. The holes of the structure were filled with plasticine/carbon black/aluminum powder. SEM and FTIR tests were used to showcase the presence of nanofillers in the plasticine. The Central Composite design, a response surface methodology method, has been used to design and analyze the EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) experiments. Mathematical models have been developed using the EMI SE results to predict the outcomes and verify them with error estimation. By incorporating the carbon black/aluminum/plasticine composite into the 3D-printed honeycomb structures, the honeycomb structure with a thickness of 6 mm shows a considerably high total EMI SE of 23.8 dB in the 8–12 GHz frequency range. According to the results of an optimization study, 1.5 wt.% of carbon black, 0.5 wt.% of aluminum powder, and a 4-mm distance between parallel edges are the optimal parameters for achieving the highest total EMI SE. Overall, the results show a 3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers is a fantastic material employed in various fields, including defense and aviation, where lighter weight and EMI SE properties are critical.","PeriodicalId":506108,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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