Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108018
Tianyu Zhou, Jinting Wang, Jianwen Pan
In order to simulate the whole process of concrete dams from small deformation damage to large deformation failure under seismic load, this study proposed a tension–compression-shear coupled plastic-damage thin-layer element model. Based on continuum mechanics and cohesive zone theory, this model condenses the plastic-damage behavior of concrete into the thin-layer element. The constitutive model of the thin layer element is constructed using the yield surface based on the Coulomb’s law and a non-associated flow rule. Subsequently, the tensile-shear test of concrete with double notches, the direct shear test of concrete, and the cyclic loading test are simulated to verify the proposed model. Finally, the failure process of a concrete dam is simulated, the results show that the proposed tension–compression-shear coupled plastic-damage thin-layer element model aligns well with existing continuous nonlinear model in small deformation stage and effectively captures failure processes in large deformation stage.
{"title":"Tension-compression-shear coupled plastic-damage thin-layer element model to simulate seismic large deformation failure of concrete dams","authors":"Tianyu Zhou, Jinting Wang, Jianwen Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to simulate the whole process of concrete dams from small deformation damage to large deformation failure under seismic load, this study proposed a tension–compression-shear coupled plastic-damage thin-layer element model. Based on continuum mechanics and cohesive zone theory, this model condenses the plastic-damage behavior of concrete into the thin-layer element. The constitutive model of the thin layer element is constructed using the yield surface based on the Coulomb’s law and a non-associated flow rule. Subsequently, the tensile-shear test of concrete with double notches, the direct shear test of concrete, and the cyclic loading test are simulated to verify the proposed model. Finally, the failure process of a concrete dam is simulated, the results show that the proposed tension–compression-shear coupled plastic-damage thin-layer element model aligns well with existing continuous nonlinear model in small deformation stage and effectively captures failure processes in large deformation stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108030
Zhi-Wei Qiu , Dong Wei , Wen-Yang Peng , Gang-Feng Wang , Guang-Kui Xu , Yan-Xia Du
Thermal contact resistance plays a crucial role in interface heat transfer in multi-layer structures such as aerospace and electronic devices. However, conventional topology optimization neglects the nonlinearity and design-dependent issues caused by thermo-elastic contact. This paper presents a novel computational framework for thermo-mechanical bidirectional coupling topology optimization that incorporates temperature- and stress-dependent thermal contact resistance, formulating a lightweight optimization model subject to constraints on the compliance and temperature. Within this framework, the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is integrated with the continuous finite element method to solve numerical discontinuities in contact problems. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of thermal contact resistance within thermo-elastic structures is modeled using the semi-empirical model. To address both the temperature dependence of material properties and the temperature-stress dependence of thermal contact resistance, a hybrid sensitivity analysis scheme utilizing the adjoint method is developed and verified. Finally, two numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. In addition, dynamic thermal contact resistance leverages its inherent interfacial temperature discontinuity to provide enhanced design flexibility for optimization models with dual-temperature constraints. Compared to the models of neglecting thermal contact resistance or assuming constant thermal contact resistance, the dynamic thermal contact resistance model achieves a lightweight design.
{"title":"Thermo-elastic topology optimization for lightweight structures with temperature- and stress-dependent thermal contact resistance","authors":"Zhi-Wei Qiu , Dong Wei , Wen-Yang Peng , Gang-Feng Wang , Guang-Kui Xu , Yan-Xia Du","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal contact resistance plays a crucial role in interface heat transfer in multi-layer structures such as aerospace and electronic devices. However, conventional topology optimization neglects the nonlinearity and design-dependent issues caused by thermo-elastic contact. This paper presents a novel computational framework for thermo-mechanical bidirectional coupling topology optimization that incorporates temperature- and stress-dependent thermal contact resistance, formulating a lightweight optimization model subject to constraints on the compliance and temperature. Within this framework, the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is integrated with the continuous finite element method to solve numerical discontinuities in contact problems. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of thermal contact resistance within thermo-elastic structures is modeled using the semi-empirical model. To address both the temperature dependence of material properties and the temperature-stress dependence of thermal contact resistance, a hybrid sensitivity analysis scheme utilizing the adjoint method is developed and verified. Finally, two numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. In addition, dynamic thermal contact resistance leverages its inherent interfacial temperature discontinuity to provide enhanced design flexibility for optimization models with dual-temperature constraints. Compared to the models of neglecting thermal contact resistance or assuming constant thermal contact resistance, the dynamic thermal contact resistance model achieves a lightweight design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108031
Long Liu , Dunhui Yao , Ran Zheng , Jianbing Hua , Bing Yi
Destructive interference-based mechanical metamaterials hold promise for manipulating flexural waves in host structures, demonstrating superior performance in mitigating mechanical vibrations over a broad frequency range. This paper presents an embedded phononic structure designed to attenuate flexural wave propagation in beam structures, using the topology optimization method. First, the theoretical framework for flexural wave propagation in a beam structure is derived. Then, an optimization objective is formulated to manipulate the flexural wavelength, and the solid isotropic material penalization (SIMP) method is employed to optimize the material distribution of the beam cross-section. Subsequently, an embedded phononic structure based on destructive interference is designed to control flexural waves in the beam. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in attenuating flexural wave propagation. The results confirm the effectiveness of the embedded phononic structure for bending wave mitigation in beam structures. This study represents a novel approach to designing mechanical vibration absorbers based on destructive interference for flexural wave manipulation with assistance of topology optimization method.
{"title":"Topology optimization-enabled destructive interference metastructure design for flexural wave manipulation","authors":"Long Liu , Dunhui Yao , Ran Zheng , Jianbing Hua , Bing Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Destructive interference-based mechanical metamaterials hold promise for manipulating flexural waves in host structures, demonstrating superior performance in mitigating mechanical vibrations over a broad frequency range. This paper presents an embedded phononic structure designed to attenuate flexural wave propagation in beam structures, using the topology optimization method. First, the theoretical framework for flexural wave propagation in a beam structure is derived. Then, an optimization objective is formulated to manipulate the flexural wavelength, and the solid isotropic material penalization (SIMP) method is employed to optimize the material distribution of the beam cross-section. Subsequently, an embedded phononic structure based on destructive interference is designed to control flexural waves in the beam. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in attenuating flexural wave propagation. The results confirm the effectiveness of the embedded phononic structure for bending wave mitigation in beam structures. This study represents a novel approach to designing mechanical vibration absorbers based on destructive interference for flexural wave manipulation with assistance of topology optimization method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.107995
D. Fusco, C. Rinaldi, D. Addessi, V. Gattulli
Machine-learning tools can automate inspection and monitoring of concrete bridges, but they require large, labeled datasets that encompass many damage scenarios. Conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models involve a high computational burden, which limits their practicality for generating large-scale datasets. This study proposes an efficient physics-based framework that couples a force-based fiber beam element with an enhanced damage-plasticity constitutive law accounting for partial crack closure, thus reproducing both nonlinear static responses and frequency shifts associated with beam cracking that underpin vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring. Validation against a prestressed beam laboratory test and the full-scale Alveo Vecchio viaduct demonstrates that the model matches load-displacement curves and crack-related frequency variations, while significantly reducing the computational burden compared to two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models. The resulting efficiency enables the execution of a large number of nonlinear simulations spanning elastic, cracking and yielding regimes. These synthetic responses train two neural networks for damage identification: (i) a Nonlinear AutoRegressive network that performs unsupervised novelty detection and (ii) a Long Short-Term Memory for supervised time series classification. Together the networks detect and classify damage with high accuracy in real time, illustrating how simulation-driven datasets can accelerate physics-informed Structural Health Monitoring of ageing bridge infrastructure.
{"title":"An efficient computational approach for generating synthetic data to train neural networks in concrete bridge monitoring","authors":"D. Fusco, C. Rinaldi, D. Addessi, V. Gattulli","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.107995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.107995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine-learning tools can automate inspection and monitoring of concrete bridges, but they require large, labeled datasets that encompass many damage scenarios. Conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models involve a high computational burden, which limits their practicality for generating large-scale datasets. This study proposes an efficient physics-based framework that couples a force-based fiber beam element with an enhanced damage-plasticity constitutive law accounting for partial crack closure, thus reproducing both nonlinear static responses and frequency shifts associated with beam cracking that underpin vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring. Validation against a prestressed beam laboratory test and the full-scale Alveo Vecchio viaduct demonstrates that the model matches load-displacement curves and crack-related frequency variations, while significantly reducing the computational burden compared to two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models. The resulting efficiency enables the execution of a large number of nonlinear simulations spanning elastic, cracking and yielding regimes. These synthetic responses train two neural networks for damage identification: (i) a Nonlinear AutoRegressive network that performs unsupervised novelty detection and (ii) a Long Short-Term Memory for supervised time series classification. Together the networks detect and classify damage with high accuracy in real time, illustrating how simulation-driven datasets can accelerate physics-informed Structural Health Monitoring of ageing bridge infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 107995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108016
Feifan Zhang, Wenliang Qiu, Meng Jiang, Haiping Wang, Qingmao Ye
This study addresses the deterioration of reinforced concrete due to chloride ion erosion by incorporating mass transfer and corrosion electrochemistry theory into peridynamics, proposing a peridynamics-based mesoscale multi-physical computational model. This model establishes a coupling between chloride ion erosion, rebar corrosion, and concrete cracking, enabling a comprehensive description of the entire process of corrosion-induced concrete cracking under chloride attack. Due to the explicit computation scheme and non-local characteristics of peridynamics, the proposed model effectively overcomes the convergence issues inherent in existing methods, such as phase-field FEM and extended FEM. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model were rigorously validated through systematic comparison with existing experimental data. The influence of material points density, coupled erosion-cracking effects, aggregate randomness, and multi-rebar corrosion impacts on concrete cracking progression were systematically investigated. In addition, a comprehensive parametric investigation was conducted to quantify the influence of key geometrical and material parameters on the corrosion-induced cracking behavior in concrete structures.
{"title":"A peridynamics-based mesoscale multi-physics coupling model for chloride induced corrosion-cracking in concrete and durability analysis","authors":"Feifan Zhang, Wenliang Qiu, Meng Jiang, Haiping Wang, Qingmao Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the deterioration of reinforced concrete due to chloride ion erosion by incorporating mass transfer and corrosion electrochemistry theory into peridynamics, proposing a peridynamics-based mesoscale multi-physical computational model. This model establishes a coupling between chloride ion erosion, rebar corrosion, and concrete cracking, enabling a comprehensive description of the entire process of corrosion-induced concrete cracking under chloride attack. Due to the explicit computation scheme and non-local characteristics of peridynamics, the proposed model effectively overcomes the convergence issues inherent in existing methods, such as phase-field FEM and extended FEM. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model were rigorously validated through systematic comparison with existing experimental data. The influence of material points density, coupled erosion-cracking effects, aggregate randomness, and multi-rebar corrosion impacts on concrete cracking progression were systematically investigated. In addition, a comprehensive parametric investigation was conducted to quantify the influence of key geometrical and material parameters on the corrosion-induced cracking behavior in concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108011
Stefan C. Soare , Seonghwan Choi , Myoung-Gyu Lee
Predicting the outcome of a cylindrical cup drawing experiment is one of the most difficult challenges for both the constitutive model of the sheet and the finite element simulation of the experiment. Results using conventional yield functions are often limited to qualitative predictions (number of ears and their locations). Here we retain the standard phenomenology of metal plasticity and use instead a data-driven approach to the modeling of its constitutive elements—yielding and flow. For better quantitative predictions, the issue of the asymmetries of the cup height profiles observed in many cupping experiments needs to be addressed. For this, we construct a weakly orthotropic modeling function, based on a feed-forward neural network. Central to such data-driven constitutive modeling is the data generating scheme. For sheet metal plasticity we propose an enhanced interpolation scheme allowing for a thorough control of the yielding and flow properties in the drawing regime. The interpolation scheme is ideally suited for inferring data from complex experiments such as cup drawing. We demonstrate our methodology by performing simulations of two cupping experiments, with aluminum alloys AA2090T3 and AA6016T4. By comparison with orthotropic models, the weakly orthotropic neural network model shows the best quantitative agreement with the outcome of the experiments.
{"title":"Data-driven modeling of the plastic anisotropy of sheet metal with an investigation of its material symmetry based on cylindrical cup drawing experiments","authors":"Stefan C. Soare , Seonghwan Choi , Myoung-Gyu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the outcome of a cylindrical cup drawing experiment is one of the most difficult challenges for both the constitutive model of the sheet and the finite element simulation of the experiment. Results using conventional yield functions are often limited to qualitative predictions (number of ears and their locations). Here we retain the standard phenomenology of metal plasticity and use instead a data-driven approach to the modeling of its constitutive elements—yielding and flow. For better quantitative predictions, the issue of the asymmetries of the cup height profiles observed in many cupping experiments needs to be addressed. For this, we construct a weakly orthotropic modeling function, based on a feed-forward neural network. Central to such data-driven constitutive modeling is the data generating scheme. For sheet metal plasticity we propose an enhanced interpolation scheme allowing for a thorough control of the yielding and flow properties in the drawing regime. The interpolation scheme is ideally suited for inferring data from complex experiments such as cup drawing. We demonstrate our methodology by performing simulations of two cupping experiments, with aluminum alloys AA2090T3 and AA6016T4. By comparison with orthotropic models, the weakly orthotropic neural network model shows the best quantitative agreement with the outcome of the experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145442664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108012
Ryo Yokoyama, Kai Wang, Shuichiro Miwa, Koji Okamoto
Understanding fluid–structure interaction is essential across many engineering applications. This work presents a fully explicit Lagrangian–Lagrangian solver based on the Moving Particle Hydrodynamics method that treats fluids and structures within a unified analytical framework. A weakly compressible fluid model and a hyperelastic structural model are combined, and the coupling is achieved with a fluid–structure acceleration–based approach that enforces consistent momentum exchange at the interface. Verification and validation include the two-dimensional Turek–Hron benchmarks and three-dimensional dam-break simulations involving elastic obstacles. The solver reproduces structural oscillations, free-surface evolution, and stress distributions in close agreement with analytical references, experimental measurements, and results from established fluid–structure interaction solvers. Complex behaviors such as splash formation and large elastic deformations are captured without ad hoc stabilization. A scalability study demonstrates efficient use of graphics processing units for simulations up to twelve million particles, while reduced efficiency appears for very small particle counts due to memory-allocation overhead. Overall, the solver exhibits physical consistency, strong scalability for large-scale problems, and robustness in highly nonlinear conditions. These capabilities make it a practical, parameter-free tool for high-fidelity prediction in nuclear safety, structural impact assessment, and free-surface flow problems.
{"title":"A fully explicit Lagrangian-Lagrangian fluid-structure interaction solver with GPU acceleration based on a physically consistent moving particle hydrodynamics","authors":"Ryo Yokoyama, Kai Wang, Shuichiro Miwa, Koji Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding fluid–structure interaction is essential across many engineering applications. This work presents a fully explicit Lagrangian–Lagrangian solver based on the Moving Particle Hydrodynamics method that treats fluids and structures within a unified analytical framework. A weakly compressible fluid model and a hyperelastic structural model are combined, and the coupling is achieved with a fluid–structure acceleration–based approach that enforces consistent momentum exchange at the interface. Verification and validation include the two-dimensional Turek–Hron benchmarks and three-dimensional dam-break simulations involving elastic obstacles. The solver reproduces structural oscillations, free-surface evolution, and stress distributions in close agreement with analytical references, experimental measurements, and results from established fluid–structure interaction solvers. Complex behaviors such as splash formation and large elastic deformations are captured without ad hoc stabilization. A scalability study demonstrates efficient use of graphics processing units for simulations up to twelve million particles, while reduced efficiency appears for very small particle counts due to memory-allocation overhead. Overall, the solver exhibits physical consistency, strong scalability for large-scale problems, and robustness in highly nonlinear conditions. These capabilities make it a practical, parameter-free tool for high-fidelity prediction in nuclear safety, structural impact assessment, and free-surface flow problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 108012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108009
Josef Musil , Jiří Fürst
This paper presents a numerical investigation of various formulations of the Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation for phase separation in binary mixtures. By comparing first- and second-order CH formulations across a suite of diffusive and convective test cases, we demonstrate that second-order models not only produce sharper diffuse- and convective-interface representations but also substantially accelerate phase separation, enabling more rapid attainment of pure-phase states. A key contribution is the development of efficient, unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the doubly-degenerate second-order model, implemented in OpenFOAM and applied to convection–diffusion problems. Future work will address coupling of the model with the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations to capture full two-phase flow dynamics despite necessary modifications to the chemical potential.
{"title":"Enhanced interface dynamics in second-order Cahn–Hilliard models: A comparative analysis with applications to convection-diffusion","authors":"Josef Musil , Jiří Fürst","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a numerical investigation of various formulations of the Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation for phase separation in binary mixtures. By comparing first- and second-order CH formulations across a suite of diffusive and convective test cases, we demonstrate that second-order models not only produce sharper diffuse- and convective-interface representations but also substantially accelerate phase separation, enabling more rapid attainment of pure-phase states. A key contribution is the development of efficient, unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the doubly-degenerate second-order model, implemented in OpenFOAM and applied to convection–diffusion problems. Future work will address coupling of the model with the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations to capture full two-phase flow dynamics despite necessary modifications to the chemical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 108009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108015
Ting Jiang , Jilin Wang , Ding Nie , Wenbing Zhang , Shuyang Yu
In the field of hydraulic engineering, the safety of high-head concrete dams is of vital importance, while hydraulic fracturing seriously threatens engineering safety. This study focuses on the hydraulic fracturing process of side-fissured concrete. Through improving the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics algorithm, meshless simulations of hydraulic fracturing crack morphology at the mesoscopic scale of concrete are achieved, and the cracking mechanisms are deeply discussed. Firstly, a failure coefficient ξ considering particle failure is introduced to modify the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics momentum equation, realizing the progressive failure process of particles. Secondly, a four-phase generation program for concrete aggregates, pores, transition zones, and mortar matrix is embedded in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics program to construct a mesoscopic structure modeling method. Finally, four types of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics particles (water particles, aggregate particles, transition zone particles, and mortar particles) are defined. The application of internal water pressure and interaction mechanisms are clarified, enabling the simulation of hydraulic fracturing in concrete within the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics framework. Numerical results show that: The length of prefabricated fissures significantly affects hydraulic fracturing morphology. Larger lengths lead to more complex crack propagation paths, stronger interactions with aggregates, and higher particle damage counts. The fissure inclination angle alters crack direction and the timing of aggregate interaction. Small angles result in weak aggregate interaction but high damage counts, while large angles concentrate damage. An increase in aggregate percentage enhances concrete heterogeneity and the number of interfacial transition zones (ITZ), causing cracks to easily propagate around aggregates and form complex fracture networks, with damage counts increasing with higher percentages. At a fixed aggregate percentage, smaller aggregate sizes (with more particles) lead to more frequent crack-aggregate interactions and higher damage counts, whereas larger sizes result in lower counts. This research provides references for understanding the hydraulic fracturing mechanisms of concrete dams, and the proposed improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics algorithm offers a new method for mesoscopic simulations of hydraulic fracturing in concrete.
{"title":"Research on the hydraulic fracturing processes of side-fissured concrete: meshless crack morphology simulations and cracking mechanisms discussion","authors":"Ting Jiang , Jilin Wang , Ding Nie , Wenbing Zhang , Shuyang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of hydraulic engineering, the safety of high-head concrete dams is of vital importance, while hydraulic fracturing seriously threatens engineering safety. This study focuses on the hydraulic fracturing process of side-fissured concrete. Through improving the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics algorithm, meshless simulations of hydraulic fracturing crack morphology at the mesoscopic scale of concrete are achieved, and the cracking mechanisms are deeply discussed. Firstly, a failure coefficient <em>ξ</em> considering particle failure is introduced to modify the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics momentum equation, realizing the progressive failure process of particles. Secondly, a four-phase generation program for concrete aggregates, pores, transition zones, and mortar matrix is embedded in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics program to construct a mesoscopic structure modeling method. Finally, four types of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics particles (water particles, aggregate particles, transition zone particles, and mortar particles) are defined. The application of internal water pressure and interaction mechanisms are clarified, enabling the simulation of hydraulic fracturing in concrete within the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics framework. Numerical results show that: The length of prefabricated fissures significantly affects hydraulic fracturing morphology. Larger lengths lead to more complex crack propagation paths, stronger interactions with aggregates, and higher particle damage counts. The fissure inclination angle alters crack direction and the timing of aggregate interaction. Small angles result in weak aggregate interaction but high damage counts, while large angles concentrate damage. An increase in aggregate percentage enhances concrete heterogeneity and the number of interfacial transition zones (ITZ), causing cracks to easily propagate around aggregates and form complex fracture networks, with damage counts increasing with higher percentages. At a fixed aggregate percentage, smaller aggregate sizes (with more particles) lead to more frequent crack-aggregate interactions and higher damage counts, whereas larger sizes result in lower counts. This research provides references for understanding the hydraulic fracturing mechanisms of concrete dams, and the proposed improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics algorithm offers a new method for mesoscopic simulations of hydraulic fracturing in concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50626,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Structures","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 108015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruc.2025.108006
Tota Rakesh Kumar , Marco Paggi
Polylactic acid (PLA) plays a prominent role in medical implants, packaging, and the textile industry, among the various industrial sectors. Components can be efficiently 3D printed by the Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM) process, which however is inducing a material anisotropy due to the layer-by-layer deposition. The phase field (PF) approach to fracture generalized to handle anisotropic brittle materials is herein critically examined since it offers potential capabilities to simulate crack paths in such materials. Since the formulation is based on an anisotropic structural tensor with the incorporation of penalty parameter , this governs the material fracture energy , the internal length scale , and the apparent strength. The novel contribution of the work lies in integrating a metaheuristic machine learning algorithm (MLA) with the PF approach to robustly estimate fracture parameters (, and ) and get an insight into epistemic uncertainty of the formulation. Results highlight that particle swarm optimization (PSO) is robust in estimating fracture parameters to reproduce target force-displacement response curves. Sensitivity analysis of fracture parameters reveals the critical role of in influencing fracture predictions.
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