Combined wave-current turbulent characteristics are investigated over a rough bed comprising of hemispheres positioned at different spacings (p/r = 4, 6, and 8; p is the patch distance and r is the...
{"title":"Effect of wave-current flow on double-averaged turbulence properties over rough bed of hemispherical obstacles","authors":"Jayanta Shounda, Krishnendu Barman, Koustuv Debnath","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2288427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2288427","url":null,"abstract":"Combined wave-current turbulent characteristics are investigated over a rough bed comprising of hemispheres positioned at different spacings (p/r = 4, 6, and 8; p is the patch distance and r is the...","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A drifting wave-ice buoy (Medusa-766) was deployed at the Lützow-Holm Bay (LHB) marginal ice zone in Antarctica during the 63rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition to study the wave influence on...
{"title":"Observation of wave propagation over 1,000 km into Antarctica winter pack ice","authors":"Takehiko Nose, Tomotaka Katsuno, Takuji Waseda, Shuki Ushio, Jean Rabault, Tsubasa Kodaira, Joey Voermans","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2283243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2283243","url":null,"abstract":"A drifting wave-ice buoy (Medusa-766) was deployed at the Lützow-Holm Bay (LHB) marginal ice zone in Antarctica during the 63rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition to study the wave influence on...","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2283325
Jim Thomson, Phil Bush, Viviana Castillo Contreras, Nate Clemett, Jacob Davis, Alex de Klerk, Emily Iseley, Edwin James Rainville, Brenton Salmi, Joe Talbert
Expendable microSWIFT buoys have been developed and tested for measuring ocean surface waves. Wave spectra are calculated via onboard processing of GPS velocities sampled at 5 Hz, and wave spectra ...
{"title":"Development and testing of microSWIFT expendable wave buoys","authors":"Jim Thomson, Phil Bush, Viviana Castillo Contreras, Nate Clemett, Jacob Davis, Alex de Klerk, Emily Iseley, Edwin James Rainville, Brenton Salmi, Joe Talbert","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2283325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2283325","url":null,"abstract":"Expendable microSWIFT buoys have been developed and tested for measuring ocean surface waves. Wave spectra are calculated via onboard processing of GPS velocities sampled at 5 Hz, and wave spectra ...","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-19DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2282286
Hang Yu, Zhonghua Weng, Genfa Chen, Xin Chen
Beach evolution is one of the key issues in coastal engineering. High computational efficiency model of beach evolution is limited by strong wave nonlinearity, flow acceleration, and sediment phase...
{"title":"Improved XBeach model and its application in coastal beach evolution under wave action","authors":"Hang Yu, Zhonghua Weng, Genfa Chen, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2282286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2282286","url":null,"abstract":"Beach evolution is one of the key issues in coastal engineering. High computational efficiency model of beach evolution is limited by strong wave nonlinearity, flow acceleration, and sediment phase...","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2278367
Yusuke Yamanaka, Kana Hashimoto, Yoshimitsu Tajima
{"title":"Real-time tsunami forecasting system with nonlinear effects using Green’s functions: application to near-shore tsunami behavior in complex bay topography","authors":"Yusuke Yamanaka, Kana Hashimoto, Yoshimitsu Tajima","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2278367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2278367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2267724
Rodney Riley
ABSTRACTThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) operates a network of over 100 marine weather observation buoys. These buoys presently use a wave observation system named the Digital Directional Wave Module (DDWM). The DDWM uses commercial motion sensors contained in a single package and processing boards that are now obsolete. Therefore, the NDBC completed an engineering effort to replace these obsolete components with a new wave observation system named Ocean Wave Linux (OWL).The OWL replaces the DDWM’s nine axis motion sensor with a compatible device. The OWL produces the same observations as the DDWM but with much less power consumption and with modern COTS available components.The DDWM is contained in a single tube named WAVCEAN-16, which is a payload in the NDBC’s Self-Contained Ocean Observation Payload (SCOOP). WAVCEAN-16 physically contains the Wave and Ocean (which measures sea surface temperature) modules. After extensive, successful field trials, the OWL components replaced the DDWM components. This effectively created a new tube or product. The new tube is named WAVCEAN-18.This paper focuses on the changes from WAVCEAN-16 to WAVCEAN-18 and highlights engineering analysis of field tests of the WAVCEAN-18. We also describe the NDBC’s plans for operational transition from the WAVCEAN-16 to WAVCEAN-18.KEYWORDS: OWLWavesDDWMNDBC Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
{"title":"NDBC Wave observation system update","authors":"Rodney Riley","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2267724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2267724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) operates a network of over 100 marine weather observation buoys. These buoys presently use a wave observation system named the Digital Directional Wave Module (DDWM). The DDWM uses commercial motion sensors contained in a single package and processing boards that are now obsolete. Therefore, the NDBC completed an engineering effort to replace these obsolete components with a new wave observation system named Ocean Wave Linux (OWL).The OWL replaces the DDWM’s nine axis motion sensor with a compatible device. The OWL produces the same observations as the DDWM but with much less power consumption and with modern COTS available components.The DDWM is contained in a single tube named WAVCEAN-16, which is a payload in the NDBC’s Self-Contained Ocean Observation Payload (SCOOP). WAVCEAN-16 physically contains the Wave and Ocean (which measures sea surface temperature) modules. After extensive, successful field trials, the OWL components replaced the DDWM components. This effectively created a new tube or product. The new tube is named WAVCEAN-18.This paper focuses on the changes from WAVCEAN-16 to WAVCEAN-18 and highlights engineering analysis of field tests of the WAVCEAN-18. We also describe the NDBC’s plans for operational transition from the WAVCEAN-16 to WAVCEAN-18.KEYWORDS: OWLWavesDDWMNDBC Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135036980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2275469
Tomoya Kataoka, Takashi Fujiki
The applicability of high-frequency (HF) radar systems for wave measurement in an estuary was explored by extracting the significant wave height (Hsr) using a traditional Barrick equation from the Doppler spectra observed by three radar systems installed in Ise Bay, Japan. The minimum value of Hsr estimated around each grid point was relatively consistent with the wave height observed with a wave gauge/buoy, except for a deterioration of wave measurement accuracy caused by a decrease in seawater conductivity from the freshwater inflow after flooding. Furthermore, the relationship between the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratios for the first- and second-order peaks (SNR1 and SNR2, respectively) highlighted the difficulty in determining the threshold values of SNRs in the bay. Thus, we suggest the use of Hsr as a criterion for quality control when applying a nonlinear inversion method for estimating ocean wave spectra based on the Bayesian possibility theorem (BIM). Our suggestion is to select the appropriate Doppler spectra and increase the acquisition rates of wave data with low relative error compared to BIMs using SNR1 and SNR2. These results can promote the applicability of the nonlinear inversion in estuary regions.
{"title":"Applicability of ocean wave measurements based on high-frequency radar systems in an estuary region","authors":"Tomoya Kataoka, Takashi Fujiki","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2275469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2275469","url":null,"abstract":"The applicability of high-frequency (HF) radar systems for wave measurement in an estuary was explored by extracting the significant wave height (Hsr) using a traditional Barrick equation from the Doppler spectra observed by three radar systems installed in Ise Bay, Japan. The minimum value of Hsr estimated around each grid point was relatively consistent with the wave height observed with a wave gauge/buoy, except for a deterioration of wave measurement accuracy caused by a decrease in seawater conductivity from the freshwater inflow after flooding. Furthermore, the relationship between the accuracy and the signal-to-noise ratios for the first- and second-order peaks (SNR1 and SNR2, respectively) highlighted the difficulty in determining the threshold values of SNRs in the bay. Thus, we suggest the use of Hsr as a criterion for quality control when applying a nonlinear inversion method for estimating ocean wave spectra based on the Bayesian possibility theorem (BIM). Our suggestion is to select the appropriate Doppler spectra and increase the acquisition rates of wave data with low relative error compared to BIMs using SNR1 and SNR2. These results can promote the applicability of the nonlinear inversion in estuary regions.","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135271775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2249243
Tsubasa Kodaira, Tomotaka Katsuno, Takehiko Nose, Motoyo Itoh, Jean Rabault, Mario Hoppmann, Masafumi Kimizuka, Takuji Waseda
In the polar regions, the interaction between waves and ice has a crucial impact on the seasonal change in the sea ice extent. However, our comprehension of this phenomenon is restricted by a lack of observations, which, in turn, results in the exclusion of associated processes from numerical models. In recent years, availability of the low-cost and accurate Inertial Motion Units has enabled the development of affordable wave research devices. Despite advancements in designing innovative open-source instruments optimized for deployment on ice floes, their customizability and survivability remain limited, especially in open waters. This study presents a novel design concept for an affordable and customizable wave buoy, aimed for wave measurements in marginal ice zones. The central focus of this wave buoy design is the application of 3D printing as rapid prototyping technology. By utilizing the high customizability offered by 3D printing, the previously developed solar-powered wave buoy was customized to install a battery pack to continue the measurements in the high latitudes for more than several months. Preliminary results from field deployments in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans demonstrate that the performance of the instruments is promising. The accuracy of frequency wave spectra measurements is found to be comparable to that of considerably more expensive instruments. Finally, the study concludes with a general evaluation of using rapid prototyping technologies for buoy designs and proposes recommendations for future designs.
{"title":"An affordable and customizable wave buoy for the study of wave-ice interactions: design concept and results from field deployments","authors":"Tsubasa Kodaira, Tomotaka Katsuno, Takehiko Nose, Motoyo Itoh, Jean Rabault, Mario Hoppmann, Masafumi Kimizuka, Takuji Waseda","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2249243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2249243","url":null,"abstract":"In the polar regions, the interaction between waves and ice has a crucial impact on the seasonal change in the sea ice extent. However, our comprehension of this phenomenon is restricted by a lack of observations, which, in turn, results in the exclusion of associated processes from numerical models. In recent years, availability of the low-cost and accurate Inertial Motion Units has enabled the development of affordable wave research devices. Despite advancements in designing innovative open-source instruments optimized for deployment on ice floes, their customizability and survivability remain limited, especially in open waters. This study presents a novel design concept for an affordable and customizable wave buoy, aimed for wave measurements in marginal ice zones. The central focus of this wave buoy design is the application of 3D printing as rapid prototyping technology. By utilizing the high customizability offered by 3D printing, the previously developed solar-powered wave buoy was customized to install a battery pack to continue the measurements in the high latitudes for more than several months. Preliminary results from field deployments in the Pacific and Arctic Oceans demonstrate that the performance of the instruments is promising. The accuracy of frequency wave spectra measurements is found to be comparable to that of considerably more expensive instruments. Finally, the study concludes with a general evaluation of using rapid prototyping technologies for buoy designs and proposes recommendations for future designs.","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2265683
Shuai Xiao, Keiko Udo, Yi Zhang
ABSTRACTBeach loss caused by sea level rise (SLR) has become one of the most severe worldwide issues. China is also affected because of its dense population and developed economy along the long coastline. For a better understanding of the beach loss situation due to future SLR, this study developed a database of beach length and width along the Chinese coast and then projected the future beach loss along the Chinese coastline by using the Bruun rule against future projection datasets (CMIP5/CMIP6) of SLR. The total beach length along the Chinese coastline is 1731.3 km, while Hainan, Guangdong, and Fujian have the most account of sandy beaches, with 34%, 28%, and 15%, respectively. The worst-case projections along Chinese coasts show future beach loss of 61% and 63.7 km2 for the RCP 8.5 scenario, and 71% and 74.9 km2 for the SSP5_8.5 scenario. The difference in beach loss rate projections is 1% between the global sea level rise (GMSLR) for the RCP 8.5/SSP5_8.5 scenario in 2100. Under the worst-case scenario (SSP5_8.5), 43% of the sandy beach coastline will lose all the beaches. Adaptation measures considering the characteristics of each zone are needed for better coastal management.KEYWORDS: Sea level risesandy beachBruun ruleshoreline retreatbeach loss AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported by the Tohoku University-Tsinghua University Collaborative Research Fund.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Tohoku University-Tsinghua University Collaborative Research Fund.
{"title":"Projections of future beach loss along the Chinese coastline due to sea level rise","authors":"Shuai Xiao, Keiko Udo, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2265683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2265683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBeach loss caused by sea level rise (SLR) has become one of the most severe worldwide issues. China is also affected because of its dense population and developed economy along the long coastline. For a better understanding of the beach loss situation due to future SLR, this study developed a database of beach length and width along the Chinese coast and then projected the future beach loss along the Chinese coastline by using the Bruun rule against future projection datasets (CMIP5/CMIP6) of SLR. The total beach length along the Chinese coastline is 1731.3 km, while Hainan, Guangdong, and Fujian have the most account of sandy beaches, with 34%, 28%, and 15%, respectively. The worst-case projections along Chinese coasts show future beach loss of 61% and 63.7 km2 for the RCP 8.5 scenario, and 71% and 74.9 km2 for the SSP5_8.5 scenario. The difference in beach loss rate projections is 1% between the global sea level rise (GMSLR) for the RCP 8.5/SSP5_8.5 scenario in 2100. Under the worst-case scenario (SSP5_8.5), 43% of the sandy beach coastline will lose all the beaches. Adaptation measures considering the characteristics of each zone are needed for better coastal management.KEYWORDS: Sea level risesandy beachBruun ruleshoreline retreatbeach loss AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported by the Tohoku University-Tsinghua University Collaborative Research Fund.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Tohoku University-Tsinghua University Collaborative Research Fund.","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2023.2259187
Fuminori Kato, Yoshimitsu Tajima
In parallel with many other countries, the government of Japan has started to tackle coastal adaptations to climate change. In 2020, the national Basic Policy for Coastal Protection was revised to add the statement that coastal management should account for future changes in coastal hydrodynamic conditions due to climate change. Following this policy, the management body of each coast is requested to revise the Basic Plan for Coastal Protection by 2025. This paper first reviews the current legal frameworks and measures of coastal protection and conservation, such as disaster prevention and mitigation against stormy waves, storm surges and tsunamis, beach conservation, and maintenance of coastal protection facilities. Second, the paper outlines the recent actions taken for coastal adaptation to climate change. With example cases in Osaka and Tokyo bays, it is described how design conditions such as design waves and water levels should account for the influence of climate change. It is also described how adaptive beach management should be implemented accounting for projections of future beach changes. Finally, the paper discusses future challenges in coastal adaptation strategies to climate change in Japan, such as introduction of integrated coastal zone management and other potential options that have not been implemented in Japan.
{"title":"Coastal adaptation to climate change in Japan: a review","authors":"Fuminori Kato, Yoshimitsu Tajima","doi":"10.1080/21664250.2023.2259187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21664250.2023.2259187","url":null,"abstract":"In parallel with many other countries, the government of Japan has started to tackle coastal adaptations to climate change. In 2020, the national Basic Policy for Coastal Protection was revised to add the statement that coastal management should account for future changes in coastal hydrodynamic conditions due to climate change. Following this policy, the management body of each coast is requested to revise the Basic Plan for Coastal Protection by 2025. This paper first reviews the current legal frameworks and measures of coastal protection and conservation, such as disaster prevention and mitigation against stormy waves, storm surges and tsunamis, beach conservation, and maintenance of coastal protection facilities. Second, the paper outlines the recent actions taken for coastal adaptation to climate change. With example cases in Osaka and Tokyo bays, it is described how design conditions such as design waves and water levels should account for the influence of climate change. It is also described how adaptive beach management should be implemented accounting for projections of future beach changes. Finally, the paper discusses future challenges in coastal adaptation strategies to climate change in Japan, such as introduction of integrated coastal zone management and other potential options that have not been implemented in Japan.","PeriodicalId":50673,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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