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Noble metals functionalized reduced graphene oxide as an efficient optical limiter: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation 贵金属功能化还原氧化石墨烯作为高效光学限幅器:实验与理论的综合研究
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00732-2
M. Saravanan, Manikandan Kandasamy, K. Suresh, Brahmananda Chakraborty, Sajan D. George, T. C. Sabari Girisun, I. Vetha Potheher, V. Parthasarathy

Copper, silver, and gold-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Cu-rGO, Ag-rGO, and Au-rGO) were fabricated via the hydrothermal method, which shows unique physiochemical properties. Environment friendly electromagnetic radiation was employed to synthesize rGO from GO. The nonlinear optical phenomenon of noble metal decorated rGO is predominantly due to excited state absorption, which arises from surface plasmon resonance and increases in defects at the surface due to Cu, Ag, and Au incorporation. It is found that the third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient was in the order of 10−10 m/W, with notable enhancements in the third-order properties of Au-rGO compared to other nanocomposites and their respective counterparts. Functionalizing rGO induces defect states (sp3), increasing NLO response. Cu, Ag, and Au exhibit higher Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activity due to rGO-induced structural modifications. SERS signals are influenced by dominant signals from Au nanorods. The electronic structures for pure and doped rGO were investigated through Density Functional Theory (DFT). The computed partial density of states (PDOS) confirms the enhancement of the state in Au-doped rGO is due to the charge transference from Au to C 2p orbital. The optical absorption spectra and PDOS reveal the possibility of free carrier absorption enhancement in Au which validates experimentally observed higher two-photon absorption (β) value of Au-doped rGO. The tuning of nonlinear optical and SERS behaviour with variation in the noble metal upon rGO provides an easy way to attain tuneable properties which are exceedingly required in both optoelectronics and photonics applications.

通过水热法制备了铜、银和金还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料(Cu-rGO、Ag-rGO 和 Au-rGO),并显示出独特的理化性质。利用环境友好的电磁辐射从 GO 中合成了 rGO。贵金属装饰的 rGO 的非线性光学现象主要是由激发态吸收引起的,激发态吸收源于表面等离子体共振以及由于铜、银和金的加入导致的表面缺陷增加。研究发现,金-rGO 的三阶非线性吸收系数约为 10-10 m/W,与其他纳米复合材料及其各自的对应材料相比,金-rGO 的三阶特性明显增强。对 rGO 进行功能化可诱导缺陷态(sp3),从而提高 NLO 响应。由于 rGO 诱导的结构改性,铜、银和金表现出更高的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。SERS 信号受到来自金纳米棒的主要信号的影响。通过密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了纯 rGO 和掺杂 rGO 的电子结构。计算得出的部分状态密度(PDOS)证实,掺金 rGO 中的状态增强是由于电荷从金转移到了 C 2p 轨道。光学吸收光谱和 PDOS 揭示了金中自由载流子吸收增强的可能性,这也验证了实验观察到的掺金 rGO 更高的双光子吸收 (β) 值。随着 rGO 中贵金属的变化而调整非线性光学和 SERS 行为,为获得光电子学和光子学应用所急需的可调整特性提供了一种简便的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Coagulation engineering of surfactant-based wet spinning of carbon nanotube fibers 基于表面活性剂的碳纳米管纤维湿法纺丝凝固工程
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00735-z
Yun Ho Jeong, Jaegyun Im, Dong-Myeong Lee, Min Chan Kim, Daehan Oh, Jeonghyeon Son, Seunggyu Park, Kyu Hyun, Beomjin Jeong, Jaegeun Lee

One of the key challenges for the commercialization of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) is their large-scale economic production. Among CNTF spinning methods, surfactant-based wet spinning is one of the promising techniques for mass producing CNTFs. Here, we investigated how the coagulation bath composition affects the spinnability and the properties of CNTFs in surfactant-based wet spinning. We used acetone, DMAc, ethanol, and IPA as coagulants and analyzed the relationship between coagulation bath composition and the properties of CNTFs in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic coagulation parameters. From a kinetic perspective, we found that a low mass transfer rate difference (MTRD) is favorable for wet spinning. Based on this finding, we mixed the coagulant bath with solvent in a proper ratio to reduce the MTRD, which generally improved the wet spinning. We also showed that the coagulation strength, a thermodynamic parameter, should be considered. We believe that our research can contribute to establishment of surfactant-based wet spinning of CNTFs.

碳纳米管纤维(CNTF)商业化的关键挑战之一是其大规模经济生产。在 CNTF 纺丝方法中,基于表面活性剂的湿法纺丝是有希望大规模生产 CNTF 的技术之一。在此,我们研究了凝固浴成分如何影响基于表面活性剂的湿法纺丝中 CNTF 的可纺性和性能。我们使用丙酮、DMAc、乙醇和 IPA 作为凝固剂,并从动力学和热力学凝固参数方面分析了凝固浴成分与 CNTF 特性之间的关系。从动力学角度来看,我们发现低传质速率差(MTRD)有利于湿法纺丝。基于这一发现,我们将混凝剂浴与溶剂按适当比例混合,以降低 MTRD,从而普遍改善了湿法纺丝。我们还发现,凝固强度这一热力学参数也应考虑在内。我们相信,我们的研究能为建立基于表面活性剂的 CNTF 湿法纺丝技术做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon aerogel supported Ni–Fe catalysts for superior oxygen evolution reaction activity 碳气凝胶支撑的 Ni-Fe 催化剂具有优异的氧进化反应活性
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00730-4
Muhammad Asim, Akbar Hussain, Meryem Samancı, Naveed Kausar Janjua, Ayşe Bayrakçeken

Electrochemical water splitting presents an optimal approach for generating hydrogen (H2), a highly promising alternative energy source. Nevertheless, the slow kinetics of the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the exorbitant cost, limited availability, and susceptibility to oxidation of noble metal-based electrocatalysts have compelled scientists to investigate cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts. Bimetallic nanostructured materials have been demonstrated to exhibit improved catalytic performances for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report carbon aerogel (CA) decorated with different molar ratios of Fe and Ni with enhanced OER activity. Microwave irradiation was involved as a novel strategy during the synthesis process. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX spectra and EDAX mapping), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) were used for physical characterizations of as-prepared material. Electrochemical potential towards OER was examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The FeNi/CA with optimized molar ratios exhibits low overpotential 377 mV at 10 mAcm−2, smaller Tafel slope (94.5 mV dec−1), and high turnover frequency (1.09 s−1 at 300 mV). Other electrocatalytic parameters were also calculated and compared with previously reported OER catalysts. Additionally, chronoamperometric studies confirmed excellent electrochemical stability, as the OER activity shows minimal change even after a stability test lasting 3600 s. Moreover, the bimetallic (Fe and Ni) carbon aerogel exhibits faster catalytic kinetics and higher conductivity than the monometallic (Fe), which was observed through EIS investigation. This research opens up possibilities for utilizing bi- or multi-metallic anchored carbon aerogel with high conductivities and exceptional electrocatalytic performances in electrochemical energy conversion.

电化学水分裂是产生氢气(H2)的最佳方法,而氢气是一种极具潜力的替代能源。然而,电化学氧进化反应(OER)的动力学过程缓慢,贵金属电催化剂成本高昂、可用性有限且易氧化,这些因素都迫使科学家们研究具有成本效益的高效电催化剂。双金属纳米结构材料已被证明在氧进化反应(OER)中具有更好的催化性能。在此,我们报告了用不同摩尔比的铁和镍装饰的碳气凝胶(CA),其 OER 活性得到了增强。微波辐照是合成过程中的一种新策略。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDAX 光谱和 EDAX 图谱)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)被用于制备材料的物理表征。通过循环伏安法 (CV)、时变分析法和电化学阻抗光谱法 (EIS) 对 OER 的电化学电位进行了检测。摩尔比优化后的 FeNi/CA 在 10 mAcm-2 时显示出较低的过电位(377 mV)、较小的塔菲尔斜率(94.5 mV dec-1)和较高的翻转频率(300 mV 时为 1.09 s-1)。还计算了其他电催化参数,并与之前报道的 OER 催化剂进行了比较。此外,计时阻变研究证实了该催化剂具有出色的电化学稳定性,即使在持续 3600 秒的稳定性测试后,其 OER 活性的变化也微乎其微。这项研究为在电化学能量转换中利用具有高电导率和优异电催化性能的双金属或多金属锚定碳气凝胶提供了可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Co-introduction of oxygen vacancies and cocatalysts into protonic titanate derived TiO2 nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production 将氧空位和助催化剂共同引入质子钛酸酯衍生的二氧化钛纳米粒子,以提高光催化制氢能力
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00731-3
Xiao Liu, Shuo Li, Liangliang Li, Gang Cheng

Photocatalytically splitting water into hydrogen upon semiconductors has tremendous potential for alleviating environmental and energy crisis issues. There is increasing attention on improving solar light utilization and engineering photogenerated charge transfer of TiO2 photocatalyst because it has advantages of low cost, non-toxicity, and high chemical stability. Herein, oxygen vacancies and cocatalysts (Cu and MoS2) were simultaneously introduced into TiO2 nanoparticles from protonic titanate by a one-pot solvothermal method. The composition and structure characterization confirmed that the pristine TiO2 nanoparticle was rich in oxygen vacancies. The photocatalytic performances of the composites were evaluated by solar-to-hydrogen evolution test. The results revealed that both Cu-TiO2 and MoS2-TiO2 could improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability. Among them, 0.8% Cu-TiO2 showed the best hydrogen evolution rate of 7245.01 μmol·g−1·h−1, which was 3.57 and 1.34 times of 1.25% MoS2-TiO2 (2726.22 μmol·g−1·h−1) and pristine TiO2 material (2028.46 μmol·g−1·h−1), respectively. These two kinds of composites also had good stability for hydrogen evolution. Combined with the results of photocurrent density and electrochemical impedance spectra, the incorporation of oxygen vacancies and cocatalysts (Cu and MoS2) could not only enhance the light-harvesting of TiO2 but also improve the separation and transfer capabilities of light-induced charge carriers, thus promoting water splitting to hydrogen.

利用半导体进行光催化将水分离成氢,对于缓解环境和能源危机问题具有巨大潜力。由于 TiO2 光催化剂具有成本低、无毒、化学稳定性高等优点,因此提高太阳光利用率以及对其进行光生电荷转移工程学研究日益受到关注。本文采用一锅溶热法将氧空位和助催化剂(Cu 和 MoS2)同时引入质子钛酸TiO2 纳米粒子。成分和结构表征证实,原始的二氧化钛纳米粒子富含氧空位。复合材料的光催化性能通过太阳能-氢气进化试验进行了评估。结果表明,Cu-TiO2 和 MoS2-TiO2 都能提高光催化氢气进化的能力。其中,0.8% Cu-TiO2 的氢气进化率最好,为 7245.01 μmol-g-1-h-1,分别是 1.25% MoS2-TiO2 (2726.22 μmol-g-1-h-1)和原始 TiO2 材料(2028.46 μmol-g-1-h-1)的 3.57 倍和 1.34 倍。这两种复合材料在氢气进化方面也具有良好的稳定性。结合光电流密度和电化学阻抗谱结果,氧空位和助催化剂(Cu 和 MoS2)的加入不仅能增强 TiO2 的光收集能力,还能提高光诱导电荷载流子的分离和转移能力,从而促进水分离制氢。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of high specific surface area activated carbon using residual oil and waste PET 利用残油和废 PET 制备高比表面积活性炭
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00734-0
Jin Chan Park, Dong Min Kim, Jong Dae Lee

The study investigated a method of synthesizing a pitch suitable for making activated carbon using fluid catalytic cracking-decant oil (FCC-DO), a high-purity carbon precursor from oil refining. We kept the reaction time and catalyst amount constant while varying the temperature to investigate its impact on pitch synthesis and the resulting physical and activation properties. Previous research established that materials added during pitch synthesis can affect the properties of both the pitch and resulting activated carbon. This study examined the addition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to FCC-DO-based pitch. The results indicated significant changes in properties with PET addition and temperature variation that ensured stable activated carbon quality. At temperatures of 390 °C or higher, the specific surface area of the activated carbon stabilized between 2680 and 2740 m2/g. Waste PET, a recyclable plastic, was chosen due to its compatibility and thermodynamic suitability for pitch synthesis. Importantly, adding PET didn't generate additional waste or degrade the physical properties of the activated carbon.

本研究调查了一种利用流体催化裂化-沥青油(FCC-DO)合成适合制造活性炭的沥青的方法,FCC-DO 是一种来自炼油的高纯度碳前体。我们在改变温度的同时保持反应时间和催化剂用量不变,以研究其对沥青合成及其产生的物理和活化特性的影响。以往的研究表明,沥青合成过程中添加的材料会影响沥青和生成的活性炭的特性。本研究考察了在基于 FCC-DO 的沥青中添加聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 的情况。结果表明,随着 PET 的添加和温度的变化,其特性发生了显著变化,从而确保了活性炭质量的稳定性。在 390 °C 或更高温度下,活性炭的比表面积稳定在 2680 至 2740 m2/g 之间。选择废 PET(一种可回收塑料)是因为它与沥青合成的兼容性和热力学适应性。重要的是,添加 PET 不会产生额外的废物,也不会降低活性炭的物理特性。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism in pH effects of electrochemical reactions: a mini-review 电化学反应的 pH 值效应机制:微型综述
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00724-2
Sibei Liu, Zhuowen Wang, Shan Qiu, Fengxia Deng

pH plays a pivotal role in influencing various aspects of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions in electrochemical systems. These reactions are affected by pH in terms of mass transport, electrochemical double layer (EDL) structure, and surface adsorption energy, all of which impact the overall electrochemical processes. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research progress made in elucidating the effects of pH on different electrochemical reactions, the hydrogen evolution reaction/hydrogen oxidation reaction (HER/HOR), oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). To embark on this endeavor, we have conducted a bibliometric analysis to clearly outline of the research trends and advancements in the field concerning the pH effects. Subsequently, we present a systematic overview of the mechanisms governing these reactions, with a special focus on pH’s influence on both the proton and electron aspects. We conclude by discussing the current challenges in this area and suggesting future research avenues that could further our understanding of pH's role in electrochemical reactions.

Graphical abstract

pH 值在影响电化学系统中质子耦合电子转移(PCET)反应的各个方面起着举足轻重的作用。这些反应在质量传输、电化学双层(EDL)结构和表面吸附能等方面都会受到 pH 值的影响,而所有这些因素都会对整个电化学过程产生影响。本综述文章旨在全面介绍在阐明 pH 值对不同电化学反应(氢进化反应/氢氧化反应 (HER/HOR)、氧还原反应/氧进化反应 (ORR/OER) 和二氧化碳还原反应 (CO2RR) 的影响方面所取得的研究进展。为了开展这项工作,我们进行了文献计量分析,清楚地勾勒出该领域有关 pH 值效应的研究趋势和进展。随后,我们对这些反应的机理进行了系统概述,并特别关注 pH 值对质子和电子两方面的影响。最后,我们讨论了这一领域当前面临的挑战,并提出了未来的研究方向,以进一步加深我们对 pH 值在电化学反应中的作用的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The modification of nano-activated carbon used to construct particle electrodes and its application in degradation of nitrosodiethylamine 用于构建颗粒电极的纳米活性碳的改性及其在亚硝基二乙胺降解中的应用
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00728-y
Liyan Ma, Fengyi Sun, Zhuwu Jiang, Hongcheng Di, Chuntao Pan, Fengying Zhang, Xue Bai, Hongyu Zhang

Activated carbon has broad application prospects for treating pollutants due to its easy availability, low cost and good adsorption. In our work, nano-activated carbons (NAC) with abundant functional groups are obtained by the oxidation modification of HNO3, (NH4)2S2O8, and KMnO4, which are used to construct the particle electrodes to degrade NDEA in a continuous flow electrochemical reactor, and the influence of relevant factors on the performance of NDEA removal is discussed. The experimental data show that the optimal degradation efficiency is 42.55% at the conditions of 3 mL/min influent water flow, 0.21 M electrolyte concentration, 10 mA/cm2 current density, and 10 μg/mL initial NDEA concentration. The degradation of NDEA conforms to a quasi second order kinetic equation. The electrocatalytic mechanism of NAC electrodes for removing NDEA is firstly discussed. The effects of different free radicals on the degradation of NDEA are also demonstrated through free radical quenching experiments, indicating that the degradation of NDEA is dominated by ⋅OH. The degradation pathway of NDEA and final products are obtained using GC–MS. NAC particle electrodes as the cheap and efficient electrocatalyst in continuous flow electrochemical reactor system provide a greener solution for the removal of disinfection by-products from drinking water.

活性炭因其易得、成本低、吸附性好等特点,在处理污染物方面具有广阔的应用前景。我们的研究通过对 HNO3、(NH4)2S2O8 和 KMnO4 进行氧化改性,得到了具有丰富官能团的纳米活性炭(NAC),并将其用于构建颗粒电极,在连续流电化学反应器中降解 NDEA,讨论了相关因素对 NDEA 去除性能的影响。实验数据表明,在进水流量为 3 mL/min、电解质浓度为 0.21 M、电流密度为 10 mA/cm2、NDEA 初始浓度为 10 μg/mL 的条件下,最佳降解效率为 42.55%。NDEA 的降解符合准二阶动力学方程。首先讨论了 NAC 电极去除 NDEA 的电催化机理。还通过自由基淬灭实验证明了不同自由基对 NDEA 降解的影响,表明 NDEA 的降解以 ⋅OH 为主。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)获得了 NDEA 的降解途径和最终产物。在连续流电化学反应器系统中,NAC 粒子电极作为廉价高效的电催化剂,为去除饮用水中的消毒副产物提供了一种更环保的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
ZIF67-derived ultrafine Co9S8 nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanocages for enhanced performances of trifunctional ORR/OER/HER and overall water splitting 氮掺杂空心碳纳米笼中嵌入的 ZIF67 衍生超细 Co9S8 纳米粒子可提高 ORR/OER/HER 和整体水分离三重功能的性能
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00733-1
Quoc Hao Nguyen, Kyungmin Im, Thach N. Tu, Jongwook Park, Jinsoo Kim

Electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions are fundamental in various conversion and energy storage devices. Functional materials derived from MOFs have been considered promising as electrical catalysts for ORR, HER, and OER, which can be used in Zinc-air batteries and water electrolysis. Herein, we designed a novel approach to fabricating the ultrafine Co9S8 embedded nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanocages (Co9S8@N-HC). The method involved a process of sulfidation of cobalt-based metal–organic frameworks (ZIF67) and then coating them with polypyrrole (PPy). PPy has notable properties such as high electrical conductivity and abundant nitrogen content, rendering it highly promising for catalytic applications. The Co9S8@N-HC catalyst was successfully synthesized via the carbonization of CoSx@PPy. Remarkably, the Co9S8@N-HC catalyst demonstrated exceptional electrocatalytic activity, requiring only low overpotentials of 285 mV and 201 mV at 10 mA cm‒2 for OER and HER, respectively, and exhibited high activity for ORR, with an onset potential (Eonset) of 0.923 V and half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.879 V in alkaline media. The electrocatalytic efficiency displayed by Co9S8@N-HC opens a new line of research on the synergistic effect of MOF-PPy materials on energy storage and conversion.

电化学氧化和还原反应是各种转换和储能设备的基础。由 MOFs 衍生的功能材料被认为是很有前途的 ORR、HER 和 OER 电催化剂,可用于锌-空气电池和水电解。在此,我们设计了一种新方法来制造嵌入氮掺杂空心碳纳米笼(Co9S8@N-HC)的超细 Co9S8。该方法涉及钴基金属有机框架(ZIF67)的硫化过程,然后在其表面涂覆聚吡咯(PPy)。聚吡咯具有高导电性和丰富的氮含量等显著特性,因此在催化应用方面大有可为。通过对 CoSx@PPy 进行碳化,成功合成了 Co9S8@N-HC 催化剂。值得注意的是,Co9S8@N-HC 催化剂表现出了卓越的电催化活性,在 10 mA cm-2 的条件下,OER 和 HER 的过电位分别仅为 285 mV 和 201 mV,ORR 的活性也很高,在碱性介质中,起始电位(Eonset)为 0.923 V,半波电位(E1/2)为 0.879 V。Co9S8@N-HC 所表现出的电催化效率为研究 MOF-PPy 材料在能量存储和转换方面的协同效应开辟了一条新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature effects on the properties of solid carbon from natural gas pyrolysis in molten tin 温度对熔融锡中天然气热解固体碳特性的影响
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00716-2
Shashank Reddy Patlolla, Amir Sharafian, Kyle Katsu, Walter Mérida

Natural gas pyrolysis produces hydrogen and solid carbon at high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment. This study has evaluated the characteristics of solid carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of methane and natural gas by using molten tin (Sn) at 900–1000 °C. Material characterization outcomes revealed that solid carbon produced at 1000 °C has a spherical morphology. At this temperature, methane and natural gas pyrolysis have resulted in the arrangement of nanocrystalline carbon spheres with average sizes of 635 and 287 nm, respectively. Similarly, pyrolysis at 900 °C and 950 °C has yielded nanocrystalline carbon featuring diverse morphologies such as spheres, fibrous, and irregularly shaped particles. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that solid carbon products obtained from methane and natural gas pyrolysis at 1000 °C have higher thermal stability compared to commercial carbon black N991. Surface area analysis has indicated that solid carbon from natural gas pyrolysis at 1000 °C has 4.3- and 5.3-times higher surface area compared to the commercial carbon black N991 sample and graphite flakes, respectively. These findings offered insights into optimizing pyrolysis reactor design and operation to generate valuable solid carbon by-products while maximizing hydrogen production.

Graphical abstract

天然气热解可在高温无氧环境下产生氢气和固体碳。本研究评估了在 900-1000 °C 温度下使用熔融锡(Sn)热解甲烷和天然气所产生的固体碳的特性。材料表征结果表明,在 1000 °C 下生成的固体碳具有球形形态。在这一温度下,甲烷和天然气热解产生了平均尺寸分别为 635 纳米和 287 纳米的纳米晶碳球。同样,在 900 ℃ 和 950 ℃ 下热解产生的纳米晶碳具有不同的形态,如球状、纤维状和不规则形状的颗粒。热重分析表明,与商用炭黑 N991 相比,在 1000 ℃ 高温分解甲烷和天然气得到的固体碳产品具有更高的热稳定性。表面积分析表明,与商用炭黑 N991 样品和石墨片相比,在 1000 ℃ 高温分解天然气得到的固体碳的表面积分别高出 4.3 倍和 5.3 倍。这些研究结果为优化热解反应器的设计和操作提供了启示,从而在最大限度地提高氢气产量的同时产生有价值的固体碳副产品。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon nanotubes and montmorillonite reinforced carbon foam composites containing hollow microspheres 含有空心微球的碳纳米管和蒙脱土增强碳泡沫复合材料
IF 5.5 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42823-024-00727-z
Heng Wang, Bin Wang, Bingyao Su, Yue Cao, Linwei Hou

Carbon foam composites containing hollow microspheres, reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and montmorillonite (MMT), have been developed as the thermal insulation and EMI shielding layer. The effects of additive amounts of CNTs/MMT on microstructure and properties of the carbon foam composites were investigated. Results showed that carbon foam composites had hierarchical porous structure, with CNTs and MMT being relatively uniformly dispersed in the composites. The addition of multiscale additives improved the mechanical, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and thermal insulation properties of carbon foam composites. The composites containing 0.2 wt.% CNTs and 5 wt.% MMT, showed outstanding compressive strength, up to 8.54 MPa, increased by 116% to pure carbon foam. Their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was as high as 65 dB, increased by 75%. Due to the hierarchical porous structure and MMT’s heat barrier effect, carbon foam composites presented remarkable thermal insulation properties. The minimum thermal conductivity was 0.45 W·m−1·K−1 at 800 °C. Their exceptional thermal protection can also be evidenced by ablation resistance under flame at 1000 °C. Therefore, such multifunctional carbon-based composites are ideal for use in thermal protection.

已开发出含有空心微球的碳泡沫复合材料,该复合材料由碳纳米管(CNT)和蒙脱石(MMT)增强,可用作隔热层和电磁干扰屏蔽层。研究了碳纳米管/MMT 添加量对碳泡沫复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,碳泡沫复合材料具有分层多孔结构,CNT 和 MMT 相对均匀地分散在复合材料中。多尺度添加剂的加入改善了碳泡沫复合材料的机械性能、电磁屏蔽效果和隔热性能。含有 0.2 wt.% CNTs 和 5 wt.% MMT 的复合材料显示出卓越的抗压强度,最高可达 8.54 MPa,比纯泡沫碳提高了 116%。其电磁屏蔽效果高达 65 dB,提高了 75%。由于分层多孔结构和 MMT 的隔热效果,碳泡沫复合材料具有显著的隔热性能。800 °C 时的最小导热系数为 0.45 W-m-1-K-1。在 1000 °C火焰下的抗烧蚀性也证明了其卓越的热保护性能。因此,这种多功能碳基复合材料是热防护领域的理想选择。
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Carbon Letters
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