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When a Woman “Becomes a Dog”: Metaphors of Menstruation in Central Kerala, India 当一个女人“变成一只狗”:印度喀拉拉邦中部的月经隐喻

2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2023.2261282

Sherin Sabu

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the shifting and contemporary manifestations of menstrual taboos in central Kerala, India, particularly through the evocation of zoomorphic language and symbolism. It specifically focuses on a seemingly commonplace metaphor, pattiyayi (has become a dog), and argues that its connotative and cultural meanings have negative consequences for the construction of gender in Keralan society. The metaphor likens a menstruating woman to a dog. Further correlations between dogs and rabies patients culturally place the three categories – the domesticated carnivore, the person with a stigmatized illness, and the menstruating woman – as liminal entities, equivalent by association. Additionally, examining dog idioms (patti) in Kottayam that refer to the Dalit castes, the paper elucidates how idiomatic expressions evince societal juxtapositions of menstruating women with socially disparaged castes. These allegorical concurrences also draw attention to how the body and its organic activities and the propensity of certain bodies to incur permanent and internal pollution are at the root of symbolic denigration and gender and caste hierarchies. Furthermore, through the Foucauldian perspective on language, the paper links the dog metaphor to a micro theory of power by signifying the role of gendered power relations and the coalescence of discursive and material processes in historically shaping it.KEYWORDS: Dalitsdogseveryday languagehuman–animal relationsmenstruationmetaphors AcknowledgementsThe author expresses her gratitude to Professor Rowena Robinson for her intellectual contributions, constructive suggestions, and encouragement during the development of this paper. The author also thanks Dr Anthony Louis Podberscek and the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Even though the regional caste hierarchies across the country and Kerala are complex, the Pan-Indian varna system divided them into four main categories: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya, and Shudra. These groups were considered above the line of pollution and were considered savarna (with varna), below which fell the avarna (without varna) castes, considered polluting, even by touch (hence earlier called “untouchables”). At present, they are designated by the Indian state as Scheduled Castes and often refer to themselves as Dalit.2 By the same token, in many other religions and cultures around the world, female sexuality has been linked with death and catastrophe. In formative Christianity and its interpretations of the Fall, Eve is a symbol of “female physicality and “unruly” sexuality, which has the threatening power of getting out of control (Corrington & Streete, Citation1992, p. 54). The whole responsibility of sin and death is assigned to the woman (Corrington & Streete, Citation1992) – “from a woman sin had its beginning, and because of her we will die” (Ecclesiasticus 25:2

摘要本文探讨了印度喀拉拉邦中部月经禁忌的变化和当代表现，特别是通过兽形语言和象征主义的唤起。它特别关注一个看似司空见惯的隐喻，pattiyayi(已成为一只狗)，并认为其内涵和文化意义对喀拉拉邦社会性别的建构产生了负面影响。这个比喻把经期的女人比作狗。狗和狂犬病患者之间的进一步联系，在文化上把这三类人——家养食肉动物、患有耻辱性疾病的人和经期妇女——视为阈限实体，通过联想是等同的。此外，研究狗习语(patti)在Kottayam指的是达利特种姓，这篇论文阐明了习语表达如何证明月经妇女与社会贬低种姓的社会并列。这些寓言的一致也引起了人们对身体及其有机活动的关注，以及某些身体产生永久和内部污染的倾向是如何成为象征性诋毁、性别和种姓等级制度的根源的。此外，通过福柯的语言视角，本文将狗的隐喻与一种微观权力理论联系起来，指出性别权力关系的作用以及话语和物质过程在历史塑造中的结合。作者对Rowena Robinson教授在本文写作过程中所提供的智力贡献、建设性建议和鼓励表示感谢。作者还感谢Anthony Louis Podberscek博士和两位匿名审稿人的深刻见解。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1:尽管全国和喀拉拉邦的地区种姓制度很复杂，但泛印度varna体系将其分为四大类:婆罗门、刹帝利、毗瑟利和首陀罗。这些群体被认为在污染线之上，被认为是savarna(有varna)，在此之下是avarna(没有varna)种姓，被认为是污染的，即使是触摸(因此早期被称为“不可接触的人”)。目前，她们被印度政府指定为表列种姓，经常称自己为达利特。2出于同样的原因，在世界上许多其他宗教和文化中，女性的性行为一直与死亡和灾难联系在一起。在形成型基督教及其对堕落的解释中，夏娃是“女性身体”和“不守规则”性行为的象征，具有失控的威胁力量(Corrington & street, Citation1992，第54页)。罪和死亡的全部责任都被赋予了女人(Corrington & street, Citation1992)——“罪从女人而起，我们也因她而死”(传道书25:24)。在伊斯兰教中，人们普遍认为“社会秩序[…]要求男性控制女性的身体和性行为，[因为]女性的性行为，如果不受控制，可能导致社会混乱”(Ikkarcam, Citation2000，第2页;305;引用自《Dialmy》，Citation2010，第162页)。此外，在许多文化中，普遍认为女性生育能力与男性对自然的占有相冲突，从而产生了对比关系(Bloch & Parry, Citation1982，第19页)。坦桑尼亚的哈扎部落认为，女性生殖“神秘地与狩猎大型猎物不相容”，因为猎人妻子的月经会降低他的箭的效力，如果妻子怀孕了，受伤的动物会从伤口中恢复过来(Bloch & Parry, Citation1982)。乌干达的Lugbara部落将女性的性行为描述为人类生育能力的一种对立力量，认为它是危险的、无益的。男性被认为拥有并控制着神圣的祖先生育能力，这与大院、祖先神殿和长老的权威有关。而女性，由于她们危险的身体和生育现象，在这种安排中只是被动的伙伴(Bloch & Parry, Citation1982)。在泰米尔人的宇宙观中，女性的身体通常被认为天生就比男性虚弱和不纯洁，主要是由于月经等身体现象。因此，人们认为女性更容易被恶灵附身，尤其是在月经期间(卡普兰，Citation1989;Nabokov, Citation2000，第70页)。与此密切相关的是喀拉拉邦的一种信仰，即如果年轻女孩的身体接触到身份不明的雕像(Mohan & Padmarajan, Citation1991)或头发，她们的身体很容易被淫欲的男性灵魂附身吠陀经中包含的赞美诗在Brahmanas(一组经典的印度散文文本)中得到了深入而完整的解释。古代国王将吠陀的马祭(ashvamedha)作为一种建立统治、获得财富和成功的仪式。仪式上选择了一匹骏马，国王的军队跟随它自由漫游一年，象征着他的王国的范围。然后马被带回来献祭家庭主妇，伊扎瓦种姓，34岁。8.6家庭主妇，阿萨里种姓，56岁。埃德蒙·利奇(Citation1964，第35页)将他的禁忌理论概括为“我们做出二元区分，然后通过创造一个模糊的(和禁忌负载的)中间类别来调解这种区分”，他观察到某些动物，如宠物，是占据人类和非人类分类之间“阈值”空间的象征性符号见尾注3.9达利特·班杜·n·k·何塞，采访，喀拉拉邦瓦伊科姆，2018年7月10一名男子在Sabaraimala寺庙朝圣时，在食物、性等方面过着节俭的生活。Sabarimala是一座供奉Ayyappa主的印度教寺庙，位于印度喀拉拉邦。在2018年9月28日之前，经期妇女(10-50岁)被禁止进入寺庙，印度最高法院撤销了这一禁令，理由是它侵犯了宪法赋予她们的平等权和从事宗教活动的基本权利。然而，当女性信徒在判决后试图进入寺庙时，她们被抗议者阻止，无法攀登通往寺庙圣殿的“18级神圣阶梯”瑞卡瑞吉。(2015年1月25日)。Arthavam Samsarichu Thudangumbol。《Mathrubhumi周刊画报》12只有上层种姓的印度教徒才会举行的入会仪式这个仪式承认男性青年是他所在社区的一员，标志着他作为学生生活的开始。作为新身份标志的神圣的线是这一事件的关键标志牛粪:由牛粪、牛尿、牛奶、凝乳和酥油等五种牛产品混合而成的混合物详见Dyer (Citation2016).15虽然举报人的任务很简单，他们要仔细研究在这个领域中表示月经的每一个词、习俗和象征性成语的词源、意义和文化意义，但他们中的大多数人对比喻pattiyayi的起源和意义没有直接或精确的答案。这是一个理所当然的比喻，一个“有趣”和“武断”的成语，一直存在。16布迪厄断言，“一种占主导地位的制度、行为或用法，如果不被承认，也就是说，它被默认为是合法的”(Citation1993，第70页)。

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引用次数: 0

Animals of Aotearoa: Kaupapa Māori Summaries 奥特亚罗瓦的动物考帕帕毛利语摘要

2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2023.2254552

Georgina Tuari Stewart

This article summarizes Māori knowledge of a selected range of animals through the literature as a first step in undertaking research into the potential of incorporating Māori concepts into animal ethics topics for senior school and post-school biology education. This article is based on a critical Māori “reading” of existing literature, a writing process that both collects and analyzes data from available records, examined through a Kaupapa Māori (i.e., Māori-centered lens). The scientific category of “animal” does not exist in te ao Māori (the Māori world), so the approach taken below is to give an introductory synopsis of Māori knowledge of a sample of animals of Aotearoa, mindful that Māori “knowledge” includes and embeds a Māori understanding of ethics. This summary of Māori knowledge of animals is presented in six sections: kurī (dog), kiore (rat), manu (birds), ika (fish), ngārara (reptiles), and aitanga pepeke (insects/invertebrates). Key points emerge about Māori knowledge of animals, including a final point reflecting on the nature and status of a synopsis, a genre of particular relevance to Kaupapa Māori scholars studying Māori knowledge.

本文通过文献总结了Māori对选定动物范围的知识，作为研究将Māori概念纳入高中和中学后生物教育动物伦理主题的潜力的第一步。本文基于对现有文献的批判性Māori“阅读”，这是一个通过Kaupapa Māori(即Māori-centered镜头)检查从可用记录中收集和分析数据的写作过程。在ao Māori (Māori世界)中不存在“动物”的科学范畴，因此下面采取的方法是对Aotearoa动物样本的Māori知识进行介绍性概述，注意Māori“知识”包括并嵌入了Māori对伦理学的理解。这个关于Māori动物知识的总结分为六个部分:kuri(狗)、kiore(老鼠)、manu(鸟)、ika(鱼)、ngārara(爬行动物)和aitanga pepeke(昆虫/无脊椎动物)。关于Māori动物知识的关键点出现了，包括最后一点反映了概要的性质和地位，这是一种与考帕帕Māori学者研究Māori知识特别相关的类型。

引用次数: 0

Addressing Barriers to Action: Increasing Cat Guardians’ Compliance with Professional Environmental Enrichment Advice 解决行动障碍:提高猫监护人对专业环境富集建议的依从性

2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2023.2254553

Esther van Leeuwen, Emma ter Mors

Guardians of domestic cats may seek advice from a veterinarian or professional cat behavior advisor to address problematic cat behaviors. This advice typically involves a degree of environmental enrichment, which guardians sometimes experience as an encroachment on their personal lives and living environment. This may explain why compliance with enrichment advice is often poor and problem behaviors persist. The aim of this study was to investigate how advice compliance can be increased by addressing guardians’ barriers to action. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical foundation, we differentiated between motivational- and capacity-related perceived behavioral control (PBC) to better understand the root of guardians’ implementation resistance. We argue that motivational PBC is a more malleable construct than capacity PBC and tested the hypothesis that motivational PBC can increase when guardians experience social pressure when other guardians hold positive beliefs about environmental enrichment (subjective norm). We conducted a survey of 221 cat guardians who were asked to imagine they had sought and received enrichment advice to address their cat’s behavioral problems. The positive or negative beliefs and actions of other cat guardians with respect to environmental enrichment were varied experimentally as a means of influencing the subjective norm. Results confirmed the prediction that exposure to others’ positive enrichment beliefs (versus negative enrichment beliefs) results in a more positive subjective norm with respect to enrichment, which subsequently increases motivational PBC and compliance intention. Although compliance intention was also predicted by capacity PBC, capacity PBC was not influenced by subjective norm, as expected. This study is the first to differentiate between motivational- and capacity-related PBC as barriers to action, which proved fruitful. Understanding the nature of clients’ implementation resistance helps practitioners select the most appropriate technique to address barriers to action. We offer several practical recommendations to this end.

家猫的监护人可以向兽医或专业的猫行为顾问寻求建议，以解决猫的问题行为。这种建议通常涉及一定程度的环境丰富，监护人有时会觉得这侵犯了他们的个人生活和生活环境。这也许可以解释为什么强化建议的依从性通常很差，问题行为持续存在。本研究的目的是调查如何通过解决监护人的行动障碍来增加咨询依从性。以计划行为理论为理论基础，区分动机相关和能力相关的感知行为控制(PBC)，以更好地理解监护人实施抗拒的根源。我们认为动机性PBC是一个比能力性PBC更具可塑性的结构，并验证了当其他监护人对环境充实(主观规范)持积极信念时，当监护人感受到社会压力时，动机性PBC会增加的假设。我们对221名猫监护人进行了一项调查，要求他们想象自己已经寻求并收到了丰富的建议，以解决他们的猫的行为问题。作为影响主观规范的一种手段，其他猫监护人对环境丰富的积极或消极信念和行动在实验中有所不同。结果证实，接触他人的积极充实信念(相对于消极充实信念)会导致更积极的充实主观规范，从而增加动机PBC和依从性意愿。虽然能力PBC也能预测合规意愿，但正如预期的那样，能力PBC不受主观规范的影响。这项研究是第一个区分动机相关和能力相关的PBC作为行动障碍的研究，结果证明是富有成效的。了解客户实施阻力的本质有助于从业者选择最合适的技术来解决行动障碍。为此，我们提出了一些切实可行的建议。

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引用次数: 0

The Attractiveness of Freshwater Species Correlates Positively With Conservation Support 淡水物种的吸引力与保育支持呈正相关

2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2023.2254551

Boris Lipták, Antonín Kouba, Katarina Zorić, Lazaros Salvaras, Pavol Prokop, Momir Paunović

ABSTRACTThe attractiveness of a species influences human perceptions and attitudes toward it, while flagship species play a significant role in shaping public conservation interests. This research investigated how humans perceive the attractiveness of and their willingness to protect vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic representatives. The study focused on endangered and invasive fish and crayfish species presented to the participants through pictures shared via an online questionnaire. Participants rated the attractiveness of the species and indicated their willingness to protect them using a 7-point scale. The analysis was conducted based on 118 responses from men and women whose backgrounds varied in terms of their age, education, and knowledge regarding biological invasions. The findings indicate that the perceived attractiveness of a species was the primary factor influencing the participants’ willingness to protect the species: the more attractive a species was rated, the greater the willingness to protect it. Overall, endangered fish and crayfish species received higher willingness-to-protect scores than invasive species, with crayfish species being perceived as significantly more attractive than fish. Using attractive or flagship aquatic species, such as crayfish, in the conservation efforts of endangered freshwater taxa can enhance public, stakeholder, and policymaker awareness, thereby potentially contributing to the conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems and the protection of native biota.KEYWORDS: Aquatic invasionsbiological invasionsconservationcrayfishfishhuman–animal interaction AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks go to Goran Poznanović and Mayra for correcting the language of the manuscript. The contribution of the anonymous reviewers is also appreciated.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe research was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, Contract No. 451-03-47/2023-01/ 200007. P.P. was also supported by the Operation Program of Integrated Infrastructure for the project UpScale of Comenius University Capacities and Competence in Research, Development and Innovation, ITMS2014+: 313021BUZ3, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.

摘要物种的吸引力影响着人类对其的认知和态度，而旗舰物种在塑造公众保护利益方面发挥着重要作用。本研究调查了人类如何感知的吸引力和他们的意愿，以保护脊椎动物和无脊椎水生代表。这项研究的重点是濒危和入侵的鱼类和小龙虾物种，这些物种通过在线问卷分享的图片呈现给参与者。参与者对这些物种的吸引力进行评分，并以7分的标准表示他们保护这些物种的意愿。这项分析是根据118名男性和女性的回答进行的，他们的年龄、教育程度和对生物入侵的了解程度各不相同。研究结果表明，一个物种的吸引力是影响参与者保护该物种意愿的主要因素:一个物种越有吸引力，保护它的意愿就越大。总体而言，濒危鱼类和小龙虾物种的保护意愿得分高于入侵物种，小龙虾物种被认为比鱼类更具吸引力。在保护濒危淡水分类群的工作中，利用有吸引力的水生物种或旗舰水生物种，如小龙虾，可以提高公众、利益相关者和决策者的意识，从而可能有助于保护和恢复淡水生态系统和保护本地生物群。关键词:水生入侵;生物入侵;保护;小龙虾;我们也感谢匿名审稿人的贡献。披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。该研究得到了塞尔维亚共和国科学、技术发展和创新部的支持，合同号451-03 / 47/2023-01/ 200007。获得了欧洲区域发展基金共同资助的“美纽斯大学研发创新能力提升项目综合基础设施运营计划”(ITMS2014+: 313021BUZ3)的支持。

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引用次数: 1

Psychometric Evaluation of the Comfort from Companion Animals Scale in a Sexual and Gender Minority Sample. 伴侣动物舒适度量表在性别和性别少数样本中的心理测量评价。

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2021.1963548

Camie A Tomlinson, Sarah K Pittman, Jennifer L Murphy, Angela Matijczak, Shelby E McDonald

Human-animal interaction research is growing in popularity and methodological rigor; however, there remains a need for psychometrically validated measures and inclusion of broader populations. This study addressed these gaps by reporting on the psychometric properties of the Comfort from Companion Animals Scale (CCAS) in a sample of sexual and gender minority emerging adults. Participants included 138 emerging adults between the ages of 18-21 years (M = 19.33 years, SD = 1.11; 38.4% racial/ethnic minority) who identified as a gender (48.6%) and/or sexual minority (98.6%) and who reported living with a companion animal in the past year. We utilized the following analytic methods: (a) confirmatory factor analyses to compare the unidimensional structure of the CCAS with the two alternative models, (b) multiple group analyses to test measurement invariance across demographic groups, and (c) structural equation models to evaluate construct validity. Preliminary analysis found that the majority of participants did not endorse the two lowest response options. To conduct invariance testing, we eliminated items 3, 5, and 8 from the CCAS and collapsed the lowest response options. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the use of this revised unidimensional model. We found evidence of measurement invariance across gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity groups. Construct validity was supported by comparing the CCAS with factors on the Pet Attachment and Life Impact Scale; the positive association between the CCAS and anxiety are discussed in the context of prior research. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of validating human-animal interaction measures across samples from diverse backgrounds. We recommend that future studies continue to test the CCAS and other measures of human-animal attachment among diverse samples to delineate which aspects of human-animal interaction may be most beneficial in promoting mental health in vulnerable populations.

人与动物相互作用的研究越来越受欢迎，方法也越来越严谨;然而，仍然需要心理计量学验证的措施和纳入更广泛的人群。本研究通过报告伴侣动物舒适度量表(CCAS)在性取向和性别少数的初生成人样本中的心理测量特性来解决这些差距。参与者包括138名18-21岁的新生成人(M = 19.33岁，SD = 1.11;38.4%(种族/少数民族)，认为自己是性别(48.6%)和/或性少数(98.6%)，并报告在过去一年中与伴侣动物生活在一起。我们使用以下分析方法:(a)验证性因子分析来比较CCAS的单维结构与两种替代模型，(b)多组分析来检验人口统计学群体的测量不变性，(c)结构方程模型来评估结构效度。初步分析发现，大多数参与者不赞同两个最低反应选项。为了进行不变性测试，我们从CCAS中删除了第3、5和8项，并分解了最低的响应选项。验证性因子分析的结果支持使用这个修正的单维模型。我们发现了性别认同、性取向和种族/民族群体之间测量不变性的证据。通过比较CCAS与宠物依恋和生活影响量表的因子来支持结构效度;在前人研究的背景下，讨论了CCAS与焦虑之间的正相关关系。总的来说，我们的发现强调了在不同背景的样本中验证人与动物相互作用措施的重要性。我们建议未来的研究继续在不同的样本中测试CCAS和其他人与动物依恋的测量方法，以描绘人与动物互动的哪些方面可能对促进弱势群体的心理健康最有益。

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引用次数: 4

Companion Animals and Adolescent Stress and Adaptive Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 伴侣动物与青少年在 COVID-19 大流行期间的压力和适应性应对》（Companion Animals and Adolescent Stress and Adaptive Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic）。

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2022.2027093

Megan K Mueller, Erin K King, Eli D Halbreich, Kristina S Callina

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant social disruptions for youth caused by lockdowns, school closures, and a lack of in-person social interactions. Companion animals are prevalent in US households and may provide a source of emotional support and motivation for youth to engage in adaptive coping behaviors during social challenges. The goals of this study were to assess if dog owners, non-dog pet owners, and non-pet owners differed in stress levels, positive affect, and use of adaptive coping strategies such as increased time outdoors, regular walking, and healthy behaviors. This study used data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM (ABCD) Study, a large, nationally representative dataset of American youth. In a cross-sectional sample of 6,069 adolescents, there were significant, but small, relationships between owning a non-dog pet and lower levels of positive affect, and both dog owners and non-dog pet owners reported higher perceived stress compared with non-pet owners. Dog ownership was associated with higher odds of using healthy coping strategies compared with non-pet owners, but this relationship was not significant when controlling for demographic variables. Dog owners reported higher odds of having a walking routine and spending time outdoors compared with non-pet owners. Overall, the results suggest no buffering effect of pet ownership on youth mental wellbeing, but dog ownership is associated with some healthy coping behaviors linked to walking.

COVID-19 大流行对青少年造成了严重的社会干扰，包括封锁、关闭学校和缺乏人际交往。伴侣动物在美国家庭中非常普遍，可以为青少年提供情感支持和动力，帮助他们在面临社会挑战时采取适应性应对行为。本研究的目的是评估养狗者、非养狗者和非养宠物者在压力水平、积极情绪和使用适应性应对策略（如增加户外活动时间、定期散步和健康行为）方面是否存在差异。这项研究使用了在 COVID-19 大流行期间从青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD）中收集的数据，该研究是一项大型的、具有全国代表性的美国青少年数据集。在一个由 6069 名青少年组成的横截面样本中，拥有非狗宠物与较低的积极情绪水平之间存在显著但微小的关系，与不养宠物的青少年相比，养狗的青少年和不养狗的青少年都报告了较高的感知压力。与不养宠物的人相比，养狗的人使用健康应对策略的几率更高，但在控制人口统计学变量后，这种关系并不显著。与不养宠物的人相比，养狗的人有更多的时间在户外散步。总之，研究结果表明，养宠物对青少年的心理健康没有缓冲作用，但养狗与一些与散步相关的健康应对行为有关。

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引用次数: 0

The Lives and Deaths of Shelter Animals: by Katja M. Guenther, Stanford University Press, 2020, 295 pp., ISBN: 978-1-5036-1285-3 《收容所动物的生与死》，Katja M. Guenther著，斯坦福大学出版社，2020年，295页，ISBN: 978-1-5036-1285-3

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2021.1926720

Michal Pregowski

引用次数: 4

The Relation Between Pet Ownership, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms in Late Life: Propensity Score Matched Analyses. 晚年养宠物、焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关系:倾向得分匹配分析。

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2021.1926707

Courtney J Bolstad, Ben Porter, Cynthia J Brown, Richard E Kennedy, Michael R Nadorff

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms between older adult pet owners and non-pet owners after accounting for various correlates. Research findings on the anxiety-relieving and antidepressant effects of late-life pet ownership are mixed and limited. This may be due in part to various characteristics that impact the likelihood of owning a pet. Propensity score matching was used to pair 169 pet owners with 169 non-pet owners aged 70 to 91 years who participated in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging. One set of propensity scores was created using age, sex, race, rurality, marital status, and income, as well as self-reported health, difficulty with activities of daily living, and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living. A second set of scores was created using age, sex, race, rurality, marital status, and income. Multiple linear regression analyses were then used to explore the relation between pet ownership status and anxiety or depressive symptoms, controlling for the other symptoms. Pet ownership was significantly associated with lower self-reported anxiety symptoms (β = -0.14) but not depressive symptoms (β = -0.03) in the data matched without health variables. When propensity score matching included health variables, pet ownership was related to neither symptoms of anxiety (β = -0.08) nor depression (β = 0.05). These results suggest that owning a pet in later life is related to fewer anxiety symptoms, over and above the impact of depressive symptoms, even after accounting for various demographic and economic covariates. However, general and functional health appear to be critical to this relation, but the direction of this relation could not be determined from our analyses (i.e., it is not clear whether the relation between pet ownership and anxiety symptoms is confounded by, mediates, or is mediated by health). This study is the first large-scale analysis to find a significant relation between pet ownership and fewer anxiety symptoms in older adults.

本研究的目的是在考虑各种相关因素后，探讨老年成年宠物主人和非宠物主人在焦虑和抑郁症状方面的差异。关于晚年养宠物的焦虑缓解和抗抑郁作用的研究结果是混合的和有限的。这可能部分是由于影响养宠物可能性的各种特征。研究人员将169名宠物主人和169名年龄在70到91岁之间的非宠物主人配对，这些人参加了阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校的衰老研究。使用年龄、性别、种族、农村、婚姻状况和收入，以及自我报告的健康状况、日常生活活动困难和日常生活工具活动困难，创建了一组倾向得分。第二组分数是根据年龄、性别、种族、农村、婚姻状况和收入创建的。在控制其他症状的情况下，采用多元线性回归分析探讨养宠物状况与焦虑或抑郁症状之间的关系。在没有健康变量的数据中，养宠物与较低的自我报告焦虑症状(β = -0.14)显著相关，但与抑郁症状(β = -0.03)无关。当倾向得分匹配包括健康变量时，养宠物与焦虑症状(β = -0.08)和抑郁症状(β = 0.05)均无关。这些结果表明，即使在考虑了各种人口和经济协变量之后，在晚年养宠物与焦虑症状的减少有关，甚至超过了抑郁症状的影响。然而，一般健康和功能健康似乎对这种关系至关重要，但这种关系的方向无法从我们的分析中确定(即，尚不清楚养宠物和焦虑症状之间的关系是由健康混淆，中介还是中介)。这项研究首次大规模分析了养宠物与老年人焦虑症状减少之间的显著关系。

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引用次数: 7

The Effect of a PTSD Service Dog on Military Veterans' Medication Regimens: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. 创伤后应激障碍服务犬对退伍军人药物治疗方案的影响:一项横断面试点研究。

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2021.1898219

Kerri E Rodriguez, Lindsey M Anderson, Carol A Ott, Marguerite E O'Haire

Recent research suggests that service dogs may have clinically-relevant benefits for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the effects of PTSD service dogs on veterans' medication use has been largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of PTSD service dogs on medication use among a population of military veterans with PTSD. In a cross-sectional design, United States post-9/11 military veterans with PTSD were recruited from a single service dog provider including veterans living with a PTSD service dog (n = 52) and veterans on the waitlist (n = 44). Both populations of veterans received treatment as usual. Participants completed an online survey of self-reported medication regimens and medication changes. Regression models quantified the effect of having a service dog on physical health, mental health, pain, and sleep medications while controlling for confounding variables (age, sex, relationship status, traumatic brain injuries, and physical health). Results indicated that there were no significant effects of having a service dog on overall self-reported medication use nor any specific medication category (p's > 0.06). However, veterans with a service dog were more likely than those on the waitlist to report that their doctor had decreased dosage or removed medications since getting their service dog. The results of this preliminary cross-sectional research should be interpreted with caution, as future within-subject and pharmacy-verified research is necessary to understand the causality of these findings.

最近的研究表明，服务犬可能对患有创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的退伍军人有临床相关的好处。然而，创伤后应激障碍服务犬对退伍军人药物使用的影响在很大程度上尚未被探索。本研究的目的是量化PTSD服务犬对PTSD退伍军人用药的影响。在横断面设计中，从单一服务犬提供者中招募患有PTSD的美国9/11后退伍军人，包括与PTSD服务犬生活在一起的退伍军人(n = 52)和等待名单上的退伍军人(n = 44)。两组退伍军人都照常接受治疗。参与者完成了一份自我报告的药物治疗方案和药物变化的在线调查。回归模型量化了拥有服务犬对身体健康、心理健康、疼痛和睡眠药物的影响，同时控制了混淆变量(年龄、性别、关系状况、创伤性脑损伤和身体健康)。结果显示，服务犬对总体自述药物使用情况和任何特定药物类别均无显著影响(p > 0.06)。然而，与等候名单上的退伍军人相比，拥有服务犬的退伍军人更有可能报告说，他们的医生在得到服务犬后减少了剂量或停用了药物。这项初步横断面研究的结果应谨慎解释，因为未来的受试者和药物验证的研究是必要的，以了解这些发现的因果关系。

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引用次数: 2

The Insolent Fox: Human–Animal Relations with Protected Predators in Central-Southern Chile 无礼的狐狸:人类与动物的关系与受保护的捕食者在智利中南部

IF 1.6 2区农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences

Anthrozoos

Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2020.1799547

S. Medina

This paper analyzes human–animal relations with protected predators in central-southern Chile, focusing mainly on the case of foxes. It is based on 12 months of anthropological research undertaken ...

本文分析了智利中南部与受保护捕食者的人兽关系，主要以狐狸为例。它是基于12个月的人类学研究。

引用次数: 3