Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000526
V. Morrow
ABSTRACTThe relationship between children and companion animals in contemporary British society has not been explored in any depth from a sociological perspective. The new paradigm of the ‘sociology of childhood’ constructs children as active social agents whose social relationships are worthy of study in their own right. This raises questions about the nature of children's social relationships, which often include close attachment to companion animals. This exploratory paper draws on data from two different qualitative research projects, a study of children's activities outside school (191 children aged between 12 and 15 years), and a study of children's conceptualizations of family (183 children aged between 8 and 14 years). The paper is based upon children's descriptions of their pets, in their own words, and indicates that children's relationships to their pets changes with age. It concludes that to see pet care as merely a form of role rehearsal for future adult activities is too limited and that we ...
{"title":"My Animals and Other Family: Children's Perspectives on their Relationships with Companion Animals","authors":"V. Morrow","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe relationship between children and companion animals in contemporary British society has not been explored in any depth from a sociological perspective. The new paradigm of the ‘sociology of childhood’ constructs children as active social agents whose social relationships are worthy of study in their own right. This raises questions about the nature of children's social relationships, which often include close attachment to companion animals. This exploratory paper draws on data from two different qualitative research projects, a study of children's activities outside school (191 children aged between 12 and 15 years), and a study of children's conceptualizations of family (183 children aged between 8 and 14 years). The paper is based upon children's descriptions of their pets, in their own words, and indicates that children's relationships to their pets changes with age. It concludes that to see pet care as merely a form of role rehearsal for future adult activities is too limited and that we ...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000661
S. Gosling, Allison V. Bonnenburg
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify two obstacles that have hindered the integration of personality research in anthrozoology. The first of these interrelated obstacles is the difficulty of obtaining large samples in anthrozoological research. Without large samples investigators must rely on replication studies to establish the generalizability of their findings. However, the second obstacle—the lack of a standard taxonomy of personality descriptors—makes it difficult to see whether findings replicate across studies. To address these issues and to stimulate a more integrative approach to personality studies, we: (a) provide normative data for personality ratings of dogs, cats, ferrets, horses, rabbits, and hedgehogs on 50 traits; (b) provide personality profiles of the owners of these six species; (c) provide the instrument on which the pet and human data were collected; and (d) demonstrate the viability of the internet as a tool for collecting large samples of personality data on pets. We show how the nor...
{"title":"An integrative approach to personality research in anthrozoology: Ratings of six species of pets and their owners","authors":"S. Gosling, Allison V. Bonnenburg","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify two obstacles that have hindered the integration of personality research in anthrozoology. The first of these interrelated obstacles is the difficulty of obtaining large samples in anthrozoological research. Without large samples investigators must rely on replication studies to establish the generalizability of their findings. However, the second obstacle—the lack of a standard taxonomy of personality descriptors—makes it difficult to see whether findings replicate across studies. To address these issues and to stimulate a more integrative approach to personality studies, we: (a) provide normative data for personality ratings of dogs, cats, ferrets, horses, rabbits, and hedgehogs on 50 traits; (b) provide personality profiles of the owners of these six species; (c) provide the instrument on which the pet and human data were collected; and (d) demonstrate the viability of the internet as a tool for collecting large samples of personality data on pets. We show how the nor...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000580
D. Nathanson
{"title":"Reply to Marino and Lilienfeld","authors":"D. Nathanson","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000599
Lee Zasloff, Lynette A Hart (Geyer)
Individuals who were maintaining colonies of homeless, free-roaming cats on the island of Oahu were surveyed to learn about the attitudes and care practices associated with colony maintenance. The 75 respondents were primarily female pet owners, middle-aged, living with spouses, well-educated, and employed full time, dispelling the image of caretakers as elderly, socially-isolated individuals. Most of the them believed that outdoor cat colonies should continue to exist and that colony maintenance is a way of curbing pet overpopulation so long as the cats are sterilized. The majority of respondents had been maintaining cat colonies for two to four years. All caretakers reported having attempted to socialize the cats and nearly half had been successful in adopting out cats. Most were caring for one colony consisting of fewer than 10 animals which were fed once or twice daily. All caretakers were making efforts to trap the cats and take them for sterilization and veterinary care. Although many took advantage of the Hawaiian Humane Society's free sterilization program for colony cats, some caretakers paid out-of-pocket for sterilization and more than half reported paying for all veterinary care. Love of cats, opportunity for nurturing, and enhanced feelings of self-esteem appear to be some of the factors underlying the remarkable commitment of the caretakers. Colony management may not be practical in some areas due to risks to wildlife and human health. However, where feasible, the availability of individuals willing to provide ongoing, responsible care to these animals may be a significant resource for animal welfare and control organizations.
{"title":"Attitudes and Care Practices of Cat Caretakers in Hawaii","authors":"Lee Zasloff, Lynette A Hart (Geyer)","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000599","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals who were maintaining colonies of homeless, free-roaming cats on the island of Oahu were surveyed to learn about the attitudes and care practices associated with colony maintenance. The 75 respondents were primarily female pet owners, middle-aged, living with spouses, well-educated, and employed full time, dispelling the image of caretakers as elderly, socially-isolated individuals. Most of the them believed that outdoor cat colonies should continue to exist and that colony maintenance is a way of curbing pet overpopulation so long as the cats are sterilized. The majority of respondents had been maintaining cat colonies for two to four years. All caretakers reported having attempted to socialize the cats and nearly half had been successful in adopting out cats. Most were caring for one colony consisting of fewer than 10 animals which were fed once or twice daily. All caretakers were making efforts to trap the cats and take them for sterilization and veterinary care. Although many took advantage of the Hawaiian Humane Society's free sterilization program for colony cats, some caretakers paid out-of-pocket for sterilization and more than half reported paying for all veterinary care. Love of cats, opportunity for nurturing, and enhanced feelings of self-esteem appear to be some of the factors underlying the remarkable commitment of the caretakers. Colony management may not be practical in some areas due to risks to wildlife and human health. However, where feasible, the availability of individuals willing to provide ongoing, responsible care to these animals may be a significant resource for animal welfare and control organizations.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000625
J. P. Farrar, Karin L. Coleman, M. Bekoff, Eric Stone
ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of translocation on Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) anti-predator behavior by recording response distances and response times to a human intruder in three colonies containing native, translocated, and combined native and translocated prairie dogs. The translocated prairie dogs barked alarms and concealed themselves at significantly greater intruder distances than mixed or native colonies. However, individuals in different colonies did not differ in the time taken to return to a burrow, to conceal themselves after a human approached the colony, or in the time elapsed after concealment until an animal reappeared. Translocated prairie dogs exhibited nearly twice the distance sensitivity to intrusion as native prairie dogs. Increased sensitivity to disturbance complicates management considerations of translocated populations that are subject to human traffic. This increase in sensitivity may necessitate translocation to isolated or undisturbed sites, protecting ...
{"title":"Translocation Effects on the Behavior of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys Ludovicianus)","authors":"J. P. Farrar, Karin L. Coleman, M. Bekoff, Eric Stone","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000625","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of translocation on Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) anti-predator behavior by recording response distances and response times to a human intruder in three colonies containing native, translocated, and combined native and translocated prairie dogs. The translocated prairie dogs barked alarms and concealed themselves at significantly greater intruder distances than mixed or native colonies. However, individuals in different colonies did not differ in the time taken to return to a burrow, to conceal themselves after a human approached the colony, or in the time elapsed after concealment until an animal reappeared. Translocated prairie dogs exhibited nearly twice the distance sensitivity to intrusion as native prairie dogs. Increased sensitivity to disturbance complicates management considerations of translocated populations that are subject to human traffic. This increase in sensitivity may necessitate translocation to isolated or undisturbed sites, protecting ...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000689
B. P. Granger, L. Kogan, Jennifer A. Fitchett, K. Helmer
ABSTRACTA human-animal intervention (HAI) team approach to animal-assisted therapy is described and assessed. The effectiveness of this modality is evaluated in two case studies of emotionally disturbed children. Two school age children (both males, 11 and 12 years of age) participated in an average of 12 weekly sessions. Progress of individual goals was assessed through numerous sources: The ADD-M comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS); observations during each session from school district researchers and professionals; video tapes of the therapy sessions; the participants' Individual Education Plans (IEP); and post-intervention interviews with the participants, their families, and the educational professionals involved. Evaluation showed positive results for the majority of individual goals set.
{"title":"A Human-Animal Intervention Team Approach to Animal-Assisted Therapy","authors":"B. P. Granger, L. Kogan, Jennifer A. Fitchett, K. Helmer","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA human-animal intervention (HAI) team approach to animal-assisted therapy is described and assessed. The effectiveness of this modality is evaluated in two case studies of emotionally disturbed children. Two school age children (both males, 11 and 12 years of age) participated in an average of 12 weekly sessions. Progress of individual goals was assessed through numerous sources: The ADD-M comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS); observations during each session from school district researchers and professionals; video tapes of the therapy sessions; the participants' Individual Education Plans (IEP); and post-intervention interviews with the participants, their families, and the educational professionals involved. Evaluation showed positive results for the majority of individual goals set.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000652
Boria Sax
ABSTRACTA radical redefinition or blurring of the boundaries between the human and animal realms, between “us” and “them,” can sometimes open dramatic new aesthetic and cultural possibilities. This paper discusses the earliest example of this, an ancient Akkadian fragment known, a bit deceptively, as “The Fable of the Fox.” Set against the background of a terrible drought which may well have destroyed the Akkadian Empire, it records the exchanges of a fox or jackal, a wolf, a lion and a dog. The last of these animals, especially, seems to bear a tragic destiny, of a sort that traditional literature tends to identify exclusively with the “human condition.” The essay goes on to trace how the story may have been the origin of a tradition which includes such important literary works as the Hindu Panchatantra, the Arab Kalila wa Dimna and even Shakespeare's “Othello.” Finally, it concludes with suggestions as to how recognition of tragedy not simply as part of “the human condition” but also as a bond with anim...
{"title":"Bestial Wisdom and Human Tragedy: The Genesis of the Animal Epic","authors":"Boria Sax","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA radical redefinition or blurring of the boundaries between the human and animal realms, between “us” and “them,” can sometimes open dramatic new aesthetic and cultural possibilities. This paper discusses the earliest example of this, an ancient Akkadian fragment known, a bit deceptively, as “The Fable of the Fox.” Set against the background of a terrible drought which may well have destroyed the Akkadian Empire, it records the exchanges of a fox or jackal, a wolf, a lion and a dog. The last of these animals, especially, seems to bear a tragic destiny, of a sort that traditional literature tends to identify exclusively with the “human condition.” The essay goes on to trace how the story may have been the origin of a tradition which includes such important literary works as the Hindu Panchatantra, the Arab Kalila wa Dimna and even Shakespeare's “Othello.” Finally, it concludes with suggestions as to how recognition of tragedy not simply as part of “the human condition” but also as a bond with anim...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000706
Lynette A Hart (Geyer), T. Takayanagi, Chizuko Yamaguchi
ABSTRACTAlthough there are proportionately fewer pet owners in Japan than in the United States, the keeping of indigenous Japanese dog breeds, along with those common in Europe and North America, is long-established. Japan has a centralized governmental network of animal shelters, which permits accurate record-keeping of the numbers of dogs and cats admitted, reclaimed, and euthanized. Although in the United States an accurate census is not simple to accomplish because a variety of humane societies and animal control agencies admit homeless dogs and cats, some cultural comparisons are possible.Despite recent increases in petkeeping in Japan, the numbers of dogs admitted to shelters have decreased from 345,136 dogs in 1984 to 243, 753 dogs in 1994. The numbers euthanized show similar declines, from 331,442 in 1984 to 219,831 in 1994. In the city of Tokyo, kittens account for the majority of the animals admitted: 34,745 kittens (55%) of a total of 62,803 dogs and cats in 1980; 12,805 kittens (61%) of a tota...
{"title":"Dogs and Cats in Animal Shelters in Japan","authors":"Lynette A Hart (Geyer), T. Takayanagi, Chizuko Yamaguchi","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAlthough there are proportionately fewer pet owners in Japan than in the United States, the keeping of indigenous Japanese dog breeds, along with those common in Europe and North America, is long-established. Japan has a centralized governmental network of animal shelters, which permits accurate record-keeping of the numbers of dogs and cats admitted, reclaimed, and euthanized. Although in the United States an accurate census is not simple to accomplish because a variety of humane societies and animal control agencies admit homeless dogs and cats, some cultural comparisons are possible.Despite recent increases in petkeeping in Japan, the numbers of dogs admitted to shelters have decreased from 345,136 dogs in 1984 to 243, 753 dogs in 1994. The numbers euthanized show similar declines, from 331,442 in 1984 to 219,831 in 1994. In the city of Tokyo, kittens account for the majority of the animals admitted: 34,745 kittens (55%) of a total of 62,803 dogs and cats in 1980; 12,805 kittens (61%) of a tota...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000616
A. Hills, Nathan M. Lalich
ABSTRACTThere is widespread agreement that cruelty toward animals is unacceptable (Hills 1994). Less clear is how people understand and make judgments about cruelty. A question of theoretical and practical importance is whether people judge the cruelty of what happens independently of the cruelty of the person responsible. In this study, 501 male and female business students read a scenario depicting suffering caused to an animal. The person responsible was aware of and indifferent to causing suffering in one version of the scenario, but unaware and subsequently distressed in another version. The dependant variables were participant ratings of: (a) the cruelty of what happened; (b) the cruelty of the person responsible; (c) how angry, and (d) how sad they felt on reading the scenario. Sex of participant main effects occurred for all four variables. A main effect of awareness for cruelty of the person, but not for cruelty of what happened, supported the independence of the two cruelty judgments. However, a...
{"title":"Judgments of Cruelty Toward Animals: Sex Differences and Effect of Awareness of Suffering","authors":"A. Hills, Nathan M. Lalich","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThere is widespread agreement that cruelty toward animals is unacceptable (Hills 1994). Less clear is how people understand and make judgments about cruelty. A question of theoretical and practical importance is whether people judge the cruelty of what happens independently of the cruelty of the person responsible. In this study, 501 male and female business students read a scenario depicting suffering caused to an animal. The person responsible was aware of and indifferent to causing suffering in one version of the scenario, but unaware and subsequently distressed in another version. The dependant variables were participant ratings of: (a) the cruelty of what happened; (b) the cruelty of the person responsible; (c) how angry, and (d) how sad they felt on reading the scenario. Sex of participant main effects occurred for all four variables. A main effect of awareness for cruelty of the person, but not for cruelty of what happened, supported the independence of the two cruelty judgments. However, a...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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