Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000490
Joar Vittersø, B. Kaltenborn, T. Bjerke
ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the relationship between emotional investment and attachment to livestock among Norwegian sheep farmers, and their perception of large predators such as the wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine. Most studies on attachment have focused on infants and children. However, more recently, the effects of pet ownership on child development have received increased attention among researchers. In the current work we hypothesized that attachment to livestock would affect the attitudes towards large carnivores. Based on questionnaire data from 491 respondents, a structural equation model (SEM) was set up to test this assumption. Results showed that attachment to livestock significantly predicted attitudes toward carnivores. In particular, negative attitudes were strongly related to attachment in such a way that the deeper the attachment farmers had for livestock, the more negative were their attitudes towards the predators. This article discusses the need for a differentiation among a...
{"title":"Attachment to Livestock and Attitudes Toward Large Carnivores Among Sheep Farmers in Norway","authors":"Joar Vittersø, B. Kaltenborn, T. Bjerke","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the relationship between emotional investment and attachment to livestock among Norwegian sheep farmers, and their perception of large predators such as the wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine. Most studies on attachment have focused on infants and children. However, more recently, the effects of pet ownership on child development have received increased attention among researchers. In the current work we hypothesized that attachment to livestock would affect the attitudes towards large carnivores. Based on questionnaire data from 491 respondents, a structural equation model (SEM) was set up to test this assumption. Results showed that attachment to livestock significantly predicted attitudes toward carnivores. In particular, negative attitudes were strongly related to attachment in such a way that the deeper the attachment farmers had for livestock, the more negative were their attitudes towards the predators. This article discusses the need for a differentiation among a...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"78 1","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000544
T. Bjerke, Toril S. Ødegårdstuen, B. Kaltenborn
Five hundred and sixty two children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and three rural areas in southern Norway, completed a questionnaire in which they expressed their degree of preference for various animal species. The dog, cat, horse, and rabbit were the favourite species, while the crow, worm, bee, and spider were the least liked. Girls were more positive toward horses, and were more pet-orientated than boys, while more boys than girls preferred wild animals. Younger respondents liked animals more than did 15-year-olds, with a few exceptions: the wolf, bear, and whale. Urban respondents liked animals more than rural respondents did, a finding which applied to the large carnivores in particular. Interests in wildlife decreased with increasing age, and few respondents wished to save ecologically-significant species (ants, bees, ladybirds) from extinction.
{"title":"Attitudes Toward Animals Among Norwegian Children and Adolescents: Species Preferences","authors":"T. Bjerke, Toril S. Ødegårdstuen, B. Kaltenborn","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000544","url":null,"abstract":"Five hundred and sixty two children and adolescents, aged between 9 and 15 years, from one urban and three rural areas in southern Norway, completed a questionnaire in which they expressed their degree of preference for various animal species. The dog, cat, horse, and rabbit were the favourite species, while the crow, worm, bee, and spider were the least liked. Girls were more positive toward horses, and were more pet-orientated than boys, while more boys than girls preferred wild animals. Younger respondents liked animals more than did 15-year-olds, with a few exceptions: the wolf, bear, and whale. Urban respondents liked animals more than rural respondents did, a finding which applied to the large carnivores in particular. Interests in wildlife decreased with increasing age, and few respondents wished to save ecologically-significant species (ants, bees, ladybirds) from extinction.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000526
V. Morrow
ABSTRACTThe relationship between children and companion animals in contemporary British society has not been explored in any depth from a sociological perspective. The new paradigm of the ‘sociology of childhood’ constructs children as active social agents whose social relationships are worthy of study in their own right. This raises questions about the nature of children's social relationships, which often include close attachment to companion animals. This exploratory paper draws on data from two different qualitative research projects, a study of children's activities outside school (191 children aged between 12 and 15 years), and a study of children's conceptualizations of family (183 children aged between 8 and 14 years). The paper is based upon children's descriptions of their pets, in their own words, and indicates that children's relationships to their pets changes with age. It concludes that to see pet care as merely a form of role rehearsal for future adult activities is too limited and that we ...
{"title":"My Animals and Other Family: Children's Perspectives on their Relationships with Companion Animals","authors":"V. Morrow","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe relationship between children and companion animals in contemporary British society has not been explored in any depth from a sociological perspective. The new paradigm of the ‘sociology of childhood’ constructs children as active social agents whose social relationships are worthy of study in their own right. This raises questions about the nature of children's social relationships, which often include close attachment to companion animals. This exploratory paper draws on data from two different qualitative research projects, a study of children's activities outside school (191 children aged between 12 and 15 years), and a study of children's conceptualizations of family (183 children aged between 8 and 14 years). The paper is based upon children's descriptions of their pets, in their own words, and indicates that children's relationships to their pets changes with age. It concludes that to see pet care as merely a form of role rehearsal for future adult activities is too limited and that we ...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000661
S. Gosling, Allison V. Bonnenburg
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify two obstacles that have hindered the integration of personality research in anthrozoology. The first of these interrelated obstacles is the difficulty of obtaining large samples in anthrozoological research. Without large samples investigators must rely on replication studies to establish the generalizability of their findings. However, the second obstacle—the lack of a standard taxonomy of personality descriptors—makes it difficult to see whether findings replicate across studies. To address these issues and to stimulate a more integrative approach to personality studies, we: (a) provide normative data for personality ratings of dogs, cats, ferrets, horses, rabbits, and hedgehogs on 50 traits; (b) provide personality profiles of the owners of these six species; (c) provide the instrument on which the pet and human data were collected; and (d) demonstrate the viability of the internet as a tool for collecting large samples of personality data on pets. We show how the nor...
{"title":"An integrative approach to personality research in anthrozoology: Ratings of six species of pets and their owners","authors":"S. Gosling, Allison V. Bonnenburg","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this paper, we identify two obstacles that have hindered the integration of personality research in anthrozoology. The first of these interrelated obstacles is the difficulty of obtaining large samples in anthrozoological research. Without large samples investigators must rely on replication studies to establish the generalizability of their findings. However, the second obstacle—the lack of a standard taxonomy of personality descriptors—makes it difficult to see whether findings replicate across studies. To address these issues and to stimulate a more integrative approach to personality studies, we: (a) provide normative data for personality ratings of dogs, cats, ferrets, horses, rabbits, and hedgehogs on 50 traits; (b) provide personality profiles of the owners of these six species; (c) provide the instrument on which the pet and human data were collected; and (d) demonstrate the viability of the internet as a tool for collecting large samples of personality data on pets. We show how the nor...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000599
Lee Zasloff, Lynette A Hart (Geyer)
Individuals who were maintaining colonies of homeless, free-roaming cats on the island of Oahu were surveyed to learn about the attitudes and care practices associated with colony maintenance. The 75 respondents were primarily female pet owners, middle-aged, living with spouses, well-educated, and employed full time, dispelling the image of caretakers as elderly, socially-isolated individuals. Most of the them believed that outdoor cat colonies should continue to exist and that colony maintenance is a way of curbing pet overpopulation so long as the cats are sterilized. The majority of respondents had been maintaining cat colonies for two to four years. All caretakers reported having attempted to socialize the cats and nearly half had been successful in adopting out cats. Most were caring for one colony consisting of fewer than 10 animals which were fed once or twice daily. All caretakers were making efforts to trap the cats and take them for sterilization and veterinary care. Although many took advantage of the Hawaiian Humane Society's free sterilization program for colony cats, some caretakers paid out-of-pocket for sterilization and more than half reported paying for all veterinary care. Love of cats, opportunity for nurturing, and enhanced feelings of self-esteem appear to be some of the factors underlying the remarkable commitment of the caretakers. Colony management may not be practical in some areas due to risks to wildlife and human health. However, where feasible, the availability of individuals willing to provide ongoing, responsible care to these animals may be a significant resource for animal welfare and control organizations.
{"title":"Attitudes and Care Practices of Cat Caretakers in Hawaii","authors":"Lee Zasloff, Lynette A Hart (Geyer)","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000599","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals who were maintaining colonies of homeless, free-roaming cats on the island of Oahu were surveyed to learn about the attitudes and care practices associated with colony maintenance. The 75 respondents were primarily female pet owners, middle-aged, living with spouses, well-educated, and employed full time, dispelling the image of caretakers as elderly, socially-isolated individuals. Most of the them believed that outdoor cat colonies should continue to exist and that colony maintenance is a way of curbing pet overpopulation so long as the cats are sterilized. The majority of respondents had been maintaining cat colonies for two to four years. All caretakers reported having attempted to socialize the cats and nearly half had been successful in adopting out cats. Most were caring for one colony consisting of fewer than 10 animals which were fed once or twice daily. All caretakers were making efforts to trap the cats and take them for sterilization and veterinary care. Although many took advantage of the Hawaiian Humane Society's free sterilization program for colony cats, some caretakers paid out-of-pocket for sterilization and more than half reported paying for all veterinary care. Love of cats, opportunity for nurturing, and enhanced feelings of self-esteem appear to be some of the factors underlying the remarkable commitment of the caretakers. Colony management may not be practical in some areas due to risks to wildlife and human health. However, where feasible, the availability of individuals willing to provide ongoing, responsible care to these animals may be a significant resource for animal welfare and control organizations.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000580
D. Nathanson
{"title":"Reply to Marino and Lilienfeld","authors":"D. Nathanson","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000625
J. P. Farrar, Karin L. Coleman, M. Bekoff, Eric Stone
ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of translocation on Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) anti-predator behavior by recording response distances and response times to a human intruder in three colonies containing native, translocated, and combined native and translocated prairie dogs. The translocated prairie dogs barked alarms and concealed themselves at significantly greater intruder distances than mixed or native colonies. However, individuals in different colonies did not differ in the time taken to return to a burrow, to conceal themselves after a human approached the colony, or in the time elapsed after concealment until an animal reappeared. Translocated prairie dogs exhibited nearly twice the distance sensitivity to intrusion as native prairie dogs. Increased sensitivity to disturbance complicates management considerations of translocated populations that are subject to human traffic. This increase in sensitivity may necessitate translocation to isolated or undisturbed sites, protecting ...
{"title":"Translocation Effects on the Behavior of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys Ludovicianus)","authors":"J. P. Farrar, Karin L. Coleman, M. Bekoff, Eric Stone","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000625","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of translocation on Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) anti-predator behavior by recording response distances and response times to a human intruder in three colonies containing native, translocated, and combined native and translocated prairie dogs. The translocated prairie dogs barked alarms and concealed themselves at significantly greater intruder distances than mixed or native colonies. However, individuals in different colonies did not differ in the time taken to return to a burrow, to conceal themselves after a human approached the colony, or in the time elapsed after concealment until an animal reappeared. Translocated prairie dogs exhibited nearly twice the distance sensitivity to intrusion as native prairie dogs. Increased sensitivity to disturbance complicates management considerations of translocated populations that are subject to human traffic. This increase in sensitivity may necessitate translocation to isolated or undisturbed sites, protecting ...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000689
B. P. Granger, L. Kogan, Jennifer A. Fitchett, K. Helmer
ABSTRACTA human-animal intervention (HAI) team approach to animal-assisted therapy is described and assessed. The effectiveness of this modality is evaluated in two case studies of emotionally disturbed children. Two school age children (both males, 11 and 12 years of age) participated in an average of 12 weekly sessions. Progress of individual goals was assessed through numerous sources: The ADD-M comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS); observations during each session from school district researchers and professionals; video tapes of the therapy sessions; the participants' Individual Education Plans (IEP); and post-intervention interviews with the participants, their families, and the educational professionals involved. Evaluation showed positive results for the majority of individual goals set.
{"title":"A Human-Animal Intervention Team Approach to Animal-Assisted Therapy","authors":"B. P. Granger, L. Kogan, Jennifer A. Fitchett, K. Helmer","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA human-animal intervention (HAI) team approach to animal-assisted therapy is described and assessed. The effectiveness of this modality is evaluated in two case studies of emotionally disturbed children. Two school age children (both males, 11 and 12 years of age) participated in an average of 12 weekly sessions. Progress of individual goals was assessed through numerous sources: The ADD-M comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS); observations during each session from school district researchers and professionals; video tapes of the therapy sessions; the participants' Individual Education Plans (IEP); and post-intervention interviews with the participants, their families, and the educational professionals involved. Evaluation showed positive results for the majority of individual goals set.","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.2752/089279398787000652
Boria Sax
ABSTRACTA radical redefinition or blurring of the boundaries between the human and animal realms, between “us” and “them,” can sometimes open dramatic new aesthetic and cultural possibilities. This paper discusses the earliest example of this, an ancient Akkadian fragment known, a bit deceptively, as “The Fable of the Fox.” Set against the background of a terrible drought which may well have destroyed the Akkadian Empire, it records the exchanges of a fox or jackal, a wolf, a lion and a dog. The last of these animals, especially, seems to bear a tragic destiny, of a sort that traditional literature tends to identify exclusively with the “human condition.” The essay goes on to trace how the story may have been the origin of a tradition which includes such important literary works as the Hindu Panchatantra, the Arab Kalila wa Dimna and even Shakespeare's “Othello.” Finally, it concludes with suggestions as to how recognition of tragedy not simply as part of “the human condition” but also as a bond with anim...
{"title":"Bestial Wisdom and Human Tragedy: The Genesis of the Animal Epic","authors":"Boria Sax","doi":"10.2752/089279398787000652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA radical redefinition or blurring of the boundaries between the human and animal realms, between “us” and “them,” can sometimes open dramatic new aesthetic and cultural possibilities. This paper discusses the earliest example of this, an ancient Akkadian fragment known, a bit deceptively, as “The Fable of the Fox.” Set against the background of a terrible drought which may well have destroyed the Akkadian Empire, it records the exchanges of a fox or jackal, a wolf, a lion and a dog. The last of these animals, especially, seems to bear a tragic destiny, of a sort that traditional literature tends to identify exclusively with the “human condition.” The essay goes on to trace how the story may have been the origin of a tradition which includes such important literary works as the Hindu Panchatantra, the Arab Kalila wa Dimna and even Shakespeare's “Othello.” Finally, it concludes with suggestions as to how recognition of tragedy not simply as part of “the human condition” but also as a bond with anim...","PeriodicalId":50748,"journal":{"name":"Anthrozoos","volume":"11 1","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2752/089279398787000652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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