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Pet Ownership, Type of Pet and Socio-Emotional Development of School Children 养宠物、宠物类型与学龄儿童社会情感发展
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-12-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000129
Vlasta Vizek Vidović, Vesna Vlahović Štetić, D. Bratko
The current study was designed to compare the socio-emotional characteristics of school children pet owners and children without pets and to examine whether the type of pet is a variable which can differentiate the socio-emotional development of their owners. The subjects, 425 girls and 401 boys, were students of fourth (n=265), sixth (n=295) and eighth (n=266) grade of elementary schools from the metropolitan area of Zagreb, Croatia. Socio-emotional variables assessed in the study were: child attachment to pet, child prosocial orientation, empathy, loneliness, perception of family climate and social anxiety. The data showed that 54.4% of children in the sample were pet owners (26.2% of children in the study had a dog, 9.2% had a cat, and 19.0% had some other pet). In order to answer the main research question, several analyses of variance (gender by grade by pet ownership) were computed for each criterion of socio-emotional development. Significant main effects were obtained for empathy, prosocial orientation and pet attachment, with dog owners being more empathic and prosocially oriented than non-owners, and dog owners and cat owners being more attached to their pets than owners of other kinds of pets. Additional analyses of variance were computed in order to examine the role of attachment in the socio-emotional functioning of the children. Subjects were divided in three sub-groups: non-owners, lower then average attached owners, and higher than average attached owners. Children who scored higher than average on the attachment to pets scale showed significantly higher scores on the empathy and prosocial orientation scales than non-owners and children who scored lower than average on the attachment to pets scale. It was also found that children with higher levels of attachment to pets rated their family climate significantly better than children who had lower attachment to pets.
本研究旨在比较养宠物和不养宠物的学龄儿童的社会情感特征,并检验宠物的类型是否是区分其主人社会情感发展的变量。研究对象为425名女生和401名男生,分别是克罗地亚萨格勒布市区小学四年级(265名)、六年级(295名)和八年级(266名)的学生。研究评估的社会情绪变量包括:儿童对宠物的依恋、儿童亲社会倾向、共情、孤独感、家庭氛围感知和社交焦虑。数据显示,样本中54.4%的孩子养宠物(26.2%的孩子养狗,9.2%养猫,19.0%养其他宠物)。为了回答主要的研究问题,我们对社会情感发展的每个标准进行了方差分析(性别、年级、养宠物)。共情、亲社会取向和宠物依恋均有显著的主效应,养狗的人比不养狗的人更有共情和亲社会取向,养狗和养猫的人比养其他种类宠物的人更有宠物依恋。为了检验依恋在儿童社会情感功能中的作用,计算了额外的方差分析。受试者被分为三组:非业主,低于平均水平的业主,高于平均水平的业主。在宠物依恋量表上得分高于平均水平的儿童在同理心和亲社会取向量表上的得分明显高于无主人和低于平均水平的儿童。研究还发现,与宠物依恋程度较低的孩子相比,对宠物依恋程度较高的孩子对家庭环境的评价要好得多。
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引用次数: 165
Influence of Herd Size on Human—Cow Relationships 畜群规模对人牛关系的影响
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-12-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000156
S. Waiblinger, C. Menke
Large herds pose the risk of worsening human—cattle relationships by reducing human contact and thus increasing the risk of accidents. In a survey on 35 dairy farms in Switzerland and Germany, diff...
大型畜群减少了人与人之间的接触,从而增加了发生事故的风险,从而有可能使人与牛的关系恶化。在对瑞士和德国35家奶牛场的调查中,diff…
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引用次数: 45
The Changing Roles of Animals in Western Society: Influences upon and from the Veterinary Profession 动物在西方社会角色的转变:对兽医职业的影响与启示
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-12-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000084
B. Fogle
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引用次数: 17
The Hunter—Gatherer Prehistory Of Human—Animal Interactions 人类与动物互动的狩猎采集者史前史
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-12-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000147
S. Mithen
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引用次数: 33
The Firefly and the Trout: Recent Shifts Regarding the Relationship Between People and other Animals in Japanese Culture 萤火虫和鳟鱼:关于日本文化中人与其他动物关系的最新转变
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000165
Erick L. Laurent, K. Ono
ABSTRACTScholars of Japan like to point out that the Japanese are interested in tamed (miniature trees, ikebana, gardens) as opposed to wild nature, and that for the Japanese, culture and nature are not mutually exclusive concepts. Moreover, there hardly seems to be any direct relationship between the Japanese sensitivity to nature and Japanese environmental behaviour. Bearing these general assumptions in mind, this paper analyzes the changes in the relationship between the Japanese and animals through two recent movements in Japan: firefly protection and fly fishing.This study is based on interviews and participant observation among several firefly protection groups in the Kansai area from 1989 to 1997, among fly-fishing fishermen, and in fishing cooperatives of Gifu prefecture since 1997. In order to ascertain tendencies regarding new shifts in attitudes toward animals, specific observations regarding each of these issues will be disregarded so as to deal only with the commonalities. The similarities be...
【摘要】日本学者喜欢指出,日本人对驯服的(微型树木、插花、花园)感兴趣,而不是野性的自然,对日本人来说,文化和自然并不是相互排斥的概念。此外,日本人对自然的敏感性与日本人的环境行为之间似乎没有任何直接关系。考虑到这些一般的假设,本文分析了日本人与动物之间关系的变化,通过日本最近的两次运动:萤火虫保护和飞钓。本研究以1989 ~ 1997年关西地区数个萤火虫保护团体、1997年以来岐阜县渔社与飞蝇渔民访谈与参与观察为基础。为了确定人们对动物态度的新转变的趋势,我们将不考虑对这些问题的具体观察,只讨论它们的共性。相似之处是……
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引用次数: 7
Emily Dickinson Had a Dog: An Interpretation of the Human—Dog Bond 艾米丽·狄金森有一只狗:对人狗关系的解读
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000192
Maureen B. Adams
ABSTRACTThe study examines selected letters and poems of the poet Emily Dickinson to better understand the relationship between Dickinson and her Newfoundland dog Carlo. Citations from these sources indicate that Carlo helped Dickinson feel protected, that his presence soothed her anxiety, and that she used the dog as a go-between with other people. Eventually, the poet came to appreciate Carlo's silence as a witness to her creative process. The study also looks at their relationship from the deeper levels of psychology and myth. From a psychological perspective, Carlo is seen to function as a selfobject in Dickinson's inner life. In the myths from many cultures, dogs appear as guides, guardians, healers, and psychopomps. During their years together, Carlo embodied each of these roles for Dickinson. Together, the three approaches–primary source material, psychology and myth–reveal how Carlo's quiet presence helped Dickinson transform inner turmoil into poetry and suggest the transformative potential possi...
摘要本文通过对艾米莉·狄金森的书信和诗歌选集的分析,更好地理解狄金森和她的纽芬兰犬卡洛之间的关系。这些资料的引用表明,卡洛让狄金森感到被保护了,他的存在缓解了她的焦虑,她把这只狗作为与其他人联系的中间人。最终,这位诗人开始欣赏卡洛的沉默,认为这是她创作过程的见证。该研究还从心理学和神话的更深层次来看待它们之间的关系。从心理学的角度来看,卡洛在狄金森的内心生活中扮演着自我客体的角色。在许多文化的神话中,狗是向导、守护者、治疗师和精神导师。在他们共同生活的岁月里,卡洛为狄金森体现了这些角色。这三种方法——原始材料、心理学和神话——共同揭示了卡洛的安静存在如何帮助狄金森将内心的动荡转化为诗歌,并暗示了他的潜在变革潜力。
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引用次数: 5
Companion Animals Alleviating Distress in Children 伴侣动物减轻儿童的痛苦
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000264
Kristine M. Hansen, Cathy J. Messinger, M. Baun, M. Megel
ABSTRACTPhysiological arousal and behavioral distress in children aged from two to six years undergoing a physical examination were examined with and without the presence of a companion dog. An experimental/control group, repeated measures design was utilized to study children at a pediatric clinic. Thirty-four (14 males, 20 females) children were assigned randomly either to a treatment group (n=15) in which a therapy dog was present during their examinations or to a control group (n=19) which had the usual pediatric exam without a dog present. Physiological variables (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, heart rate, and fingertip temperatures) were measured at baseline and at two-minute intervals during each examination. Subjects were videotaped during the examination for analysis of behavioral distress using the Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress (OSBD). Physiological measurements were not statistically significantly different between the dog and no-dog groups but were found not to be...
摘要研究了2 ~ 6岁儿童在有伴犬和无伴犬的情况下进行体格检查的生理唤醒和行为困扰情况。采用实验/对照组,重复测量设计对某儿科诊所的儿童进行研究。34名儿童(14名男性,20名女性)被随机分配到治疗组(n=15)和对照组(n=19),治疗组在检查期间有一只治疗犬在场,对照组进行常规的儿科检查,但没有狗在场。生理变量(收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率和指尖温度)在每次检查的基线和两分钟间隔测量。采用行为困扰观察量表(OSBD)对被试进行行为困扰分析。养狗组和不养狗组之间的生理测量差异无统计学意义,但发现没有…
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引用次数: 152
Equine Euthanasia: The Veterinarian's Role in Providing Owner Support 马安乐死:兽医在为马主提供支持中的角色
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000219
N. Endenburg, J. Kirpensteijn, N. Sanders
This study evaluated the grief process of 58 horse owners who had had their horses euthanized. Owner-present euthanasia was performed in 83% (n=48) of cases, while in 36% of cases the horse was eut...
这项研究评估了58名马主人的悲伤过程,他们的马被安乐死。83% (n=48)的病例中,主人在场的安乐死被执行,而36%的病例中,马被安乐死。
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引用次数: 11
Remembering Aline Kidd 纪念艾琳·基德
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000273
Lynette A Hart (Geyer)
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Human—Cat Relationship: Human Social Support or Attachment 理解人与猫的关系:人类的社会支持或依恋
IF 1.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1999-09-01 DOI: 10.2752/089279399787000237
Karin B. Stammbach, D. Turner
ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to assess whether the widespread popularity of cats can best be explained using either attachment theory or social support theory. To assess the degree of attachment to the cat, and the size of the human social support network, we used five different questionnaires: In a first mailing we sent the LAPS (Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale) questionnaire (Garrity et al. 1989) and the SSQ6 (Social Support Questionnaire; Sarason et al. 1983, 1987) to 370 women volunteering to participate in the study. Three hundred and forty and 330 women respectively, returned correctly completed questionnaires. In a second mailing we sent these participants the NSSQ (Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire; Norbeck et al. 1981, 1983) and two questionnaires by Bradshaw and Limond (1997), one assessing attachment to the cat (BrAtt), the other emotional support from the cat (BrES). Of these, 290, 295, and 293, respectively, were correctly completed and returned.We found a positive correlation bet...
摘要本研究的目的是评估是否可以用依恋理论或社会支持理论来解释猫的广泛流行。为了评估对猫的依恋程度和人类社会支持网络的大小,我们使用了五种不同的问卷:在第一次邮寄中,我们发送了LAPS(列克星敦宠物依恋量表)问卷(Garrity et al. 1989)和SSQ6(社会支持问卷;Sarason et al. 1983, 1987)到370名自愿参与研究的女性。分别有340名和330名女性正确填写了问卷。在第二封邮件中,我们向这些参与者发送了NSSQ(诺贝克社会支持问卷;Norbeck et al.(1981,1983)和Bradshaw and Limond(1997)的两份问卷,一份评估对猫的依恋(BrAtt),另一份评估来自猫的情感支持(BrES)。其中,290、295和293分别正确填写并返回。我们发现两者呈正相关。
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引用次数: 91
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Anthrozoos
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