Boron Nitride (BN) filler was modified by an ion beam surface treatment to enhance dispersibility to polar solvent and bond strength with epoxy. Surface treatment of the fillers was conducted by Ion Assisted Reaction (IAR), in which Ar+ ion beam is irradiated on the filler surface with energy of 1keV, dose varied from 1x1014 ~ 5x1016 Ar+ ions/cm2 by using Cold Hollow Cathode type ion source and oxygen gas 5-10ml/sec. After the surface treatment, the BN powder were spontaneously dispersed into polar solvent in a visual observation which means the modified surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and the powder were easily mixed with a viscous epoxy resin until 40wt% without thinner (a gelation phenomenon with easy blending into the epoxy resin), but the untreated powder exhibits difficulty in mixing with epoxy resin without the thinner. XPS analysis showed oxygen functional groups (B-ON, BN, etc.) were formed on the surface of BN. It was confirmed the surface modification has a high filling ability of the BN filler with binder and better adhesion with epoxy resin compared to the untreated BN filler.
{"title":"Enhancing Dispersion Ability and Bond Strength of Boron Nitride with Epoxy Resin by Ar+ Ion Beam in Reactive Oxygen Gas Environment","authors":"Wooyoung Jung, Sanghoon Lee, Sangjun Lee, Minwoo Choi, Ho Seok Lee, Seok Keun Koh","doi":"10.4028/p-7vidbc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7vidbc","url":null,"abstract":"Boron Nitride (BN) filler was modified by an ion beam surface treatment to enhance dispersibility to polar solvent and bond strength with epoxy. Surface treatment of the fillers was conducted by Ion Assisted Reaction (IAR), in which Ar+ ion beam is irradiated on the filler surface with energy of 1keV, dose varied from 1x1014 ~ 5x1016 Ar+ ions/cm2 by using Cold Hollow Cathode type ion source and oxygen gas 5-10ml/sec. After the surface treatment, the BN powder were spontaneously dispersed into polar solvent in a visual observation which means the modified surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and the powder were easily mixed with a viscous epoxy resin until 40wt% without thinner (a gelation phenomenon with easy blending into the epoxy resin), but the untreated powder exhibits difficulty in mixing with epoxy resin without the thinner. XPS analysis showed oxygen functional groups (B-ON, BN, etc.) were formed on the surface of BN. It was confirmed the surface modification has a high filling ability of the BN filler with binder and better adhesion with epoxy resin compared to the untreated BN filler.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Daher, Abdulrahman El Zein, X. Brunetaud, Jean Gillibert, Kévin Beck
This article presents a study of the mechanical behavior of tuffeau, a porous building limestone. Previous studies were focused on using strain gauges for mechanical monitoring with some limited success due to the size and the local nature of the measurement. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method has proven to be a valuable tool for noncontact, full-field strain measurements in various materials, including rocks which are natural and heterogeneous materials. After a prior phase of optimization involving texture acquisition and lighting conditions, this paper compares several DIC software programs to achieve consistent results on soft limestone specimens. Once the DIC program is chosen, a focus is made on detecting heterogeneities in the stone specimens. The occurrence of such heterogeneities explains why strain gauge measurement sometimes fails when applied to soft and natural materials.
{"title":"Exploring Stone Material Behavior and Damage Analysis with Digital Image Correlation","authors":"Mohamad Daher, Abdulrahman El Zein, X. Brunetaud, Jean Gillibert, Kévin Beck","doi":"10.4028/p-z4yrde","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-z4yrde","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study of the mechanical behavior of tuffeau, a porous building limestone. Previous studies were focused on using strain gauges for mechanical monitoring with some limited success due to the size and the local nature of the measurement. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method has proven to be a valuable tool for noncontact, full-field strain measurements in various materials, including rocks which are natural and heterogeneous materials. After a prior phase of optimization involving texture acquisition and lighting conditions, this paper compares several DIC software programs to achieve consistent results on soft limestone specimens. Once the DIC program is chosen, a focus is made on detecting heterogeneities in the stone specimens. The occurrence of such heterogeneities explains why strain gauge measurement sometimes fails when applied to soft and natural materials.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green roofs have been introduced for sustainable buildings in many countries with different climatic conditions. Studies show that it is an efficient and practical tool to combat the ill effects of urbanization. Installing a green roof system involves growing vegetation on rooftops and is used as a tool to help mitigate the negative effects of pollution. Green roofs may not act as cooling devices but obviously serve as heat insulation, reducing the heat flux through the roof. In this study, the proponents explore possibilities in developing a green roof system by utilizing wood-plastic materials to create soil trays where roof grass can be cultured and can be interconnected on roof areas. The study highlights the properties of the materials to be utilized in the design of soil trays, the schematic design of the wood-plastic soil tray composite (wpstc) and the green roof design for efficiency and functionality test were also presented. The physical and mechanical properties of the polymerized coir-wood boards for soil trays were assessed by determining its water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and impact strength. The succeeding phase of the study which describes the energy efficiency test, and the functionality test was also disclosed in the summary of this paper.
{"title":"Development of Wood-Plastic Soil Tray Composite (WPSTC) Using Polymerized Coir-Wood Dust for Green Roof Structures","authors":"Hermie M. Del Pilar, Wilfredo G. Gacutan","doi":"10.4028/p-vuj17n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vuj17n","url":null,"abstract":"Green roofs have been introduced for sustainable buildings in many countries with different climatic conditions. Studies show that it is an efficient and practical tool to combat the ill effects of urbanization. Installing a green roof system involves growing vegetation on rooftops and is used as a tool to help mitigate the negative effects of pollution. Green roofs may not act as cooling devices but obviously serve as heat insulation, reducing the heat flux through the roof. In this study, the proponents explore possibilities in developing a green roof system by utilizing wood-plastic materials to create soil trays where roof grass can be cultured and can be interconnected on roof areas. The study highlights the properties of the materials to be utilized in the design of soil trays, the schematic design of the wood-plastic soil tray composite (wpstc) and the green roof design for efficiency and functionality test were also presented. The physical and mechanical properties of the polymerized coir-wood boards for soil trays were assessed by determining its water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and impact strength. The succeeding phase of the study which describes the energy efficiency test, and the functionality test was also disclosed in the summary of this paper.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saaid I. Zaki, Mohamed Shawky, Basma A. Abd El Rahman, M.H. El-Nashar, Ehab Zakrya, M.G. Zaki
This study involves the investigation of influence of magnetic water on the workability and compressive strength of fresh and hardened concrete. “The water is initially magnetized with the help of 0.5 hp motor having a 1 and 3T magnets at its inlet pipe. Concrete samples are then prepared and cured with magnetic water and normal water in four main different cases. About 36 concrete and mortar cubes are casted and tested for 7, 14 and 28 days.” Results show that the compressive strength of concrete samples mixed with magnetic water is higher than those prepared with normal water. The compressive strength of concrete samples mixed with magnetic water at a magnetic strength of 1T increases by 10-20% more than that of normal water”. Also, the consistency of fresh concrete is improved in case of magnetic water than that of normal water.
{"title":"Effect of Magnetic Water on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete","authors":"Saaid I. Zaki, Mohamed Shawky, Basma A. Abd El Rahman, M.H. El-Nashar, Ehab Zakrya, M.G. Zaki","doi":"10.4028/p-8em8um","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8em8um","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves the investigation of influence of magnetic water on the workability and compressive strength of fresh and hardened concrete. “The water is initially magnetized with the help of 0.5 hp motor having a 1 and 3T magnets at its inlet pipe. Concrete samples are then prepared and cured with magnetic water and normal water in four main different cases. About 36 concrete and mortar cubes are casted and tested for 7, 14 and 28 days.” Results show that the compressive strength of concrete samples mixed with magnetic water is higher than those prepared with normal water. The compressive strength of concrete samples mixed with magnetic water at a magnetic strength of 1T increases by 10-20% more than that of normal water”. Also, the consistency of fresh concrete is improved in case of magnetic water than that of normal water.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addressing the gap in sustainable utilization of industrial by-products and the limited exploration of natural antioxidants in nanoparticle synthesis, this study focused on synthesizing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using by-products from Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction. The research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of manufactoruing metal nanoparticles with agricultural waste and assesing their properties. The study first tested the antioxidant properties of the water extract of Melaleuca leucadendra leaves, a manufacturing waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction process, using DPPH and FRAP assays. Green synthesis methods was employed to produce the nanoparticles. The production and properties of the particles were characterize with UV-VIS . Our results indicated that the MgO nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant activity. This study suggests a viable, eco-friendly approach for the utilization of agricultural waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Melaleuca leucadendra Waste","authors":"Y. Serang, Chang Nan Chen, Meng Jen Lee","doi":"10.4028/p-nsjf2n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-nsjf2n","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing the gap in sustainable utilization of industrial by-products and the limited exploration of natural antioxidants in nanoparticle synthesis, this study focused on synthesizing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using by-products from Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction. The research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of manufactoruing metal nanoparticles with agricultural waste and assesing their properties. The study first tested the antioxidant properties of the water extract of Melaleuca leucadendra leaves, a manufacturing waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction process, using DPPH and FRAP assays. Green synthesis methods was employed to produce the nanoparticles. The production and properties of the particles were characterize with UV-VIS . Our results indicated that the MgO nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant activity. This study suggests a viable, eco-friendly approach for the utilization of agricultural waste from the Melaleuca leucadendra essential oil extraction.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing Ge, Haijiang Liu, Li Bin Zhu, ZiJian Yu, Chen Yu Wu
This paper applies Flow Drill Screws (FDS) technology to the joining of composite materials and metal materials. It investigates the connection strength and mechanism between thermosetting carbon fiber reinforced composites and metal materials, as well as between thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composites and metal materials. The study includes shear tests and metallographic tests to analyze the two types of connections. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using the FDS process for composite materials and metal materials. It is found that the FDS process is more suitable for connecting thermoplastic composites and metal materials compared to thermosetting composites and metal. This type of connection exhibits a smaller damage range at the interface and allows the thermoplastic matrix to effectively fill the threaded connection area after heating. Additionally, the micro-mechanical interlocks generated at the laminate interface can effectively increase the connection strength.
{"title":"Research on Joint Strength and Mechanism of Composite/Aluminum Alloy Connections Based on FDS Technology","authors":"Xing Ge, Haijiang Liu, Li Bin Zhu, ZiJian Yu, Chen Yu Wu","doi":"10.4028/p-j8oj9e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-j8oj9e","url":null,"abstract":"This paper applies Flow Drill Screws (FDS) technology to the joining of composite materials and metal materials. It investigates the connection strength and mechanism between thermosetting carbon fiber reinforced composites and metal materials, as well as between thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composites and metal materials. The study includes shear tests and metallographic tests to analyze the two types of connections. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using the FDS process for composite materials and metal materials. It is found that the FDS process is more suitable for connecting thermoplastic composites and metal materials compared to thermosetting composites and metal. This type of connection exhibits a smaller damage range at the interface and allows the thermoplastic matrix to effectively fill the threaded connection area after heating. Additionally, the micro-mechanical interlocks generated at the laminate interface can effectively increase the connection strength.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increased construction activities necessitate use of alternate material resources as recycled aggregates in construction. The decreased quality of concrete during the recycling process can be modified by several methods of which, strengthening the aggregate skeleton in the volume of concrete is an ideal option. In the present work, Compressible Packing Model (CPM) of particle packing methodologies is adopted for aggregate gradation and design of concrete mixes. Hardened and durability properties of a 30 MPa concrete designed using CPM method is being investigated. The deterioration in concrete is analysed using Image analysis. The Hue, Saturation and Intensity are the parameters picked from the surface images of concrete cubes exposed to four chemical species viz., HCl, H2SO4, NaCl and MgSO4 for 28 days. CPM method improves the properties of multi recycled concrete with increased packing density of recycled aggregate. The image-based deterioration studies provided a new insight into estimating the durability performance of concrete subjected to attack of various chemical species.
{"title":"Estimating the Deterioration due to Chemical Attack in Repurposed Aggregate Concrete Using Image Based Techniques","authors":"Rathish Kumar Pancharathi, Madhavi Latha Kasulanati","doi":"10.4028/p-xo4oln","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xo4oln","url":null,"abstract":"The increased construction activities necessitate use of alternate material resources as recycled aggregates in construction. The decreased quality of concrete during the recycling process can be modified by several methods of which, strengthening the aggregate skeleton in the volume of concrete is an ideal option. In the present work, Compressible Packing Model (CPM) of particle packing methodologies is adopted for aggregate gradation and design of concrete mixes. Hardened and durability properties of a 30 MPa concrete designed using CPM method is being investigated. The deterioration in concrete is analysed using Image analysis. The Hue, Saturation and Intensity are the parameters picked from the surface images of concrete cubes exposed to four chemical species viz., HCl, H2SO4, NaCl and MgSO4 for 28 days. CPM method improves the properties of multi recycled concrete with increased packing density of recycled aggregate. The image-based deterioration studies provided a new insight into estimating the durability performance of concrete subjected to attack of various chemical species.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Materials and Physics of Materials","authors":"Subhan Namazov, Murugesan Vijayakumar, M. Kaloop","doi":"10.4028/b-ozi9eu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-ozi9eu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keliee Vilcahuaman, Mariela Elgegren, Alonso Donaryre, J. Nakamatsu, Suyeon Kim
The ethanol-water based extraction of phenolic bioactive components, anthocyanins, from purple cabbage (PC) was carried out. Ultrasound assisted extraction was performed and each cycle was set to 3 minutes. UV-visible absorbance was evaluated at each cycle (total 3 cycles) and the intensity of absorbance at 546~550 nm was interpreted as the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin. The pH sensibility of PC extracts was evaluated at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and measured with UV-Visible spectrometry. Each pH condition, the extracts presented different color shades and wavenumbers of maximum absorbance proving their pH sensibility. Antioxidant activity of PC extract was evaluated and the excellent inhibition capacity was observed (~98%). PC extract was then embedded in alginate membrane to use as wound dressing materials. Alginate membrane with PC extract also presented high pH sensibility showing remarkable color changes after exposure to different pH environments.
本研究采用乙醇-水萃取法从紫甘蓝（PC）中提取酚类生物活性成分--花青素。超声波辅助萃取，每个萃取周期为 3 分钟。在每个循环（共 3 个循环）中评估紫外可见吸光度，546~550 nm 处的吸光度被解释为花青素的萃取效率。在 pH 值为 4、5、6、7 和 8 时对 PC 提取物的 pH 值敏感性进行评估，并用紫外可见光谱法进行测量。在不同的 pH 值条件下，提取物呈现出不同的颜色深浅和最大吸光度波数，这证明了它们对 pH 值的敏感性。对 PC 提取物的抗氧化活性进行了评估，结果表明其抑制能力极强（约为 98%）。然后将 PC 提取物包埋在海藻酸膜中，用作伤口敷料。含有 PC 提取物的藻酸盐膜也具有很高的 pH 值敏感性，在暴露于不同的 pH 值环境后会出现显著的颜色变化。
{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Anthocyanins Extraction from Purple Cabbage for Optical Biosensor of Wound Healing Monitoring","authors":"Keliee Vilcahuaman, Mariela Elgegren, Alonso Donaryre, J. Nakamatsu, Suyeon Kim","doi":"10.4028/p-dp90jq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-dp90jq","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanol-water based extraction of phenolic bioactive components, anthocyanins, from purple cabbage (PC) was carried out. Ultrasound assisted extraction was performed and each cycle was set to 3 minutes. UV-visible absorbance was evaluated at each cycle (total 3 cycles) and the intensity of absorbance at 546~550 nm was interpreted as the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin. The pH sensibility of PC extracts was evaluated at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and measured with UV-Visible spectrometry. Each pH condition, the extracts presented different color shades and wavenumbers of maximum absorbance proving their pH sensibility. Antioxidant activity of PC extract was evaluated and the excellent inhibition capacity was observed (~98%). PC extract was then embedded in alginate membrane to use as wound dressing materials. Alginate membrane with PC extract also presented high pH sensibility showing remarkable color changes after exposure to different pH environments.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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