In this research, natural fibers (NF) were obtained from plantain pseudo stem. The extracted plantain fibers (PF) were modified by mercerization under diverse conditions in terms of treatment time and concentration. The crystallographic structures and macromolecular properties, and surface extracted PF were all influenced by the modification process. Improvements in thermal properties were observed along with increases in the crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity as revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed partial removal of wax, lignin, and hemicellulose. Bulk density was also observed to change under treatment conditions, while Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery demonstrates how the treatment altered the surface of the PF. A considerable change in the macromolecular and structural characteristics of plantain fiber was observed under optimum treatment conditions.
{"title":"Effect of Mercerization on the Crystallographic, Macromolecular, and Thermal Properties of Plantain Fibers for Fiber Reinforced Composite","authors":"Patrick Ehi Imoisili, Tien Chien Jen","doi":"10.4028/p-ki55mr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ki55mr","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, natural fibers (NF) were obtained from plantain pseudo stem. The extracted plantain fibers (PF) were modified by mercerization under diverse conditions in terms of treatment time and concentration. The crystallographic structures and macromolecular properties, and surface extracted PF were all influenced by the modification process. Improvements in thermal properties were observed along with increases in the crystallite size, and degree of crystallinity as revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed partial removal of wax, lignin, and hemicellulose. Bulk density was also observed to change under treatment conditions, while Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery demonstrates how the treatment altered the surface of the PF. A considerable change in the macromolecular and structural characteristics of plantain fiber was observed under optimum treatment conditions.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced Composite and Engineering Materials","authors":"A. Abioye, Dao Hua Zhang, P. Chutima, H. Watari","doi":"10.4028/b-qw4jon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-qw4jon","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meshach Osaretin, Sylvester Onyemaechi Edelugo, Patrick Udeme Akpan, C. Agbo, P. Ozor, N.I. Sukdeo
In order to analyze the stress concentration impact, intensity close to the zone of the crack tip, this work examines the in-plane SIF(SIF) of composite plates utilizing measured crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). The test specimens' E-glass fiber mats were arranged in various ply configurations. The ASTM standards utilized for researching mode I fracture of composite materials served as the foundation for the compact tension (CT) specimen. The mode I, KI Stress intensity factor (SIF), and critical stress, c, were calculated for each specimen along the fracture length propagation based on the experiments. It was found that the SIF is directly proportional with fracture length, or a/W, for all E-glass fiber laminate cases tested. The KIC is often higher in thinner laminates. The presence of woven roving increases the SIF and hence the toughness of the laminate.
为了分析应力集中对裂纹尖端附近区域的影响和强度，本研究利用测量的裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）对复合材料板的面内 SIF（SIF）进行了研究。试样的 E 玻璃纤维毡以不同的层状结构排列。用于研究复合材料 I 型断裂的 ASTM 标准是紧凑拉伸 (CT) 试样的基础。根据实验结果，计算了每个试样沿断裂长度方向的模式 I、KI 应力强度因子（SIF）和临界应力 c。结果发现，在所有测试的 E 玻璃纤维层压板中，SIF 与断裂长度（或 a/W）成正比。较薄的层压板的 KIC 通常较高。编织粗纱的存在增加了 SIF，从而提高了层压板的韧性。
{"title":"Stress Intensity Factor of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites","authors":"Meshach Osaretin, Sylvester Onyemaechi Edelugo, Patrick Udeme Akpan, C. Agbo, P. Ozor, N.I. Sukdeo","doi":"10.4028/p-nld6we","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-nld6we","url":null,"abstract":"In order to analyze the stress concentration impact, intensity close to the zone of the crack tip, this work examines the in-plane SIF(SIF) of composite plates utilizing measured crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). The test specimens' E-glass fiber mats were arranged in various ply configurations. The ASTM standards utilized for researching mode I fracture of composite materials served as the foundation for the compact tension (CT) specimen. The mode I, KI Stress intensity factor (SIF), and critical stress, c, were calculated for each specimen along the fracture length propagation based on the experiments. It was found that the SIF is directly proportional with fracture length, or a/W, for all E-glass fiber laminate cases tested. The KIC is often higher in thinner laminates. The presence of woven roving increases the SIF and hence the toughness of the laminate.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Ugwu, John N. Ani, Timine Suoware, Sylvester Onyemaechi Edelugo
Post buckling analysis of E-glass fiber reinforced cylindrical composite under axial compression using both experimental and numerical method is presented. Using the Eigen value buckling analysis, the studies employ a mixture ratio of E-glass fiber composite of chopped strand mat. Five molds of each E-glass fiber mixture were reinforced with polyester resin to produce cylindrical shells of equal dimensions. Various cylindrical specimens’ predicted critical buckling load were tested and recorded using a compressive loading machine. Comparisons were made to ascertain the cylindrical shells buckling and post buckling behavior at certain load levels between the experimental and analytical results. A one-way Anova was used to compare the outcome of the theoretical, experimental and numerical methods of analysis and the result showed that there is no evidence to suggest difference between the three methods applied in the buckling load analysis. The post buckled shapes of the samples were obtained and recorded as bulge diamond shape of a buckled cylindrical structure. The effective mechanical properties of the chopped strand mat (CSM) reinforced composite cylinder were recorded from the experiment which has modulus of Elasticity 197.707 N/mm2, Poisson’s ratio of 0.22 and density of 1250 Kg/m3.
本文采用实验和数值方法对 E 玻璃纤维增强圆柱形复合材料在轴向压缩下的后屈曲分析进行了介绍。利用特征值屈曲分析，研究采用了一种混合比例的短切毡 E 玻璃纤维复合材料。用聚酯树脂对每种 E 玻璃纤维混合物的五个模具进行加固，生产出等尺寸的圆柱形壳体。使用压缩加载机对各种圆柱形试样的预测临界屈曲载荷进行了测试和记录。对实验结果和分析结果进行比较，以确定圆柱形壳体在特定载荷水平下的屈曲和后屈曲行为。结果表明，没有证据表明这三种方法在屈曲载荷分析中存在差异。样品屈曲后的形状被记录为屈曲圆柱结构的隆起菱形。实验记录了短切毡增强复合材料圆柱体的有效机械性能，其弹性模量为 197.707 N/mm2，泊松比为 0.22，密度为 1250 Kg/m3。
{"title":"Post-Buckling Analysis of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Thin-Walled Cylindrical Composite","authors":"B. Ugwu, John N. Ani, Timine Suoware, Sylvester Onyemaechi Edelugo","doi":"10.4028/p-jltwg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jltwg1","url":null,"abstract":"Post buckling analysis of E-glass fiber reinforced cylindrical composite under axial compression using both experimental and numerical method is presented. Using the Eigen value buckling analysis, the studies employ a mixture ratio of E-glass fiber composite of chopped strand mat. Five molds of each E-glass fiber mixture were reinforced with polyester resin to produce cylindrical shells of equal dimensions. Various cylindrical specimens’ predicted critical buckling load were tested and recorded using a compressive loading machine. Comparisons were made to ascertain the cylindrical shells buckling and post buckling behavior at certain load levels between the experimental and analytical results. A one-way Anova was used to compare the outcome of the theoretical, experimental and numerical methods of analysis and the result showed that there is no evidence to suggest difference between the three methods applied in the buckling load analysis. The post buckled shapes of the samples were obtained and recorded as bulge diamond shape of a buckled cylindrical structure. The effective mechanical properties of the chopped strand mat (CSM) reinforced composite cylinder were recorded from the experiment which has modulus of Elasticity 197.707 N/mm2, Poisson’s ratio of 0.22 and density of 1250 Kg/m3.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"1981 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pattarabordee Khaigunha, A. Suksri, T. Wongwuttanasatian
High-voltage electrical equipment insulation often uses composite materials like epoxy resin, cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and silicone rubber as encapsulation. 3D printing technology offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution, producing intricate elements without cutting and casting. Research shows that 3D printed materials have comparable properties to polymer-based insulation, but further testing is needed to evaluate their resistance to harsh environmental conditions. This research investigates the arc resistance properties of 3D printed insulation materials for outdoor high-voltage applications, assessing their suitability for outdoor applications. The wet and dry arc resistance tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D495-99 and IEC-60587. The present work investigated three varieties of samples: polylactic acid, epoxy resin, and silicone rubber. The results of the tests reveal that polylactic acid test samples have average wet and dry arc resistance times of 2.5 hours and 1.4 seconds, which is less than silicone rubber and epoxy resin. Additional research is required to comprehend the behavior of arc formation in polylactic acid insulation materials for high-voltage 3D printing applications.
高压电气设备绝缘通常使用环氧树脂、交联聚乙烯、聚氨酯和硅橡胶等复合材料作为封装。三维打印技术提供了一种更高效、更具成本效益的解决方案，无需切割和铸造即可生产出复杂的元件。研究表明，3D 打印材料具有与聚合物绝缘材料相当的性能，但还需要进一步测试，以评估其在恶劣环境条件下的耐受性。本研究调查了用于户外高压应用的 3D 打印绝缘材料的耐电弧性能，评估了它们在户外应用中的适用性。根据 ASTM D495-99 和 IEC-60587 标准进行了干湿耐电弧性测试。本研究调查了三种样品：聚乳酸、环氧树脂和硅橡胶。测试结果表明，聚乳酸测试样品的平均干湿耐电弧时间分别为 2.5 小时和 1.4 秒，低于硅橡胶和环氧树脂。要理解高压 3D 打印应用中聚乳酸绝缘材料的电弧形成行为，还需要进行更多的研究。
{"title":"Assessment of the Arc Resistance of 3D-Printed Insulation Materials for Outdoor High-Voltage Applications","authors":"Pattarabordee Khaigunha, A. Suksri, T. Wongwuttanasatian","doi":"10.4028/p-kyre5l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-kyre5l","url":null,"abstract":"High-voltage electrical equipment insulation often uses composite materials like epoxy resin, cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and silicone rubber as encapsulation. 3D printing technology offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution, producing intricate elements without cutting and casting. Research shows that 3D printed materials have comparable properties to polymer-based insulation, but further testing is needed to evaluate their resistance to harsh environmental conditions. This research investigates the arc resistance properties of 3D printed insulation materials for outdoor high-voltage applications, assessing their suitability for outdoor applications. The wet and dry arc resistance tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D495-99 and IEC-60587. The present work investigated three varieties of samples: polylactic acid, epoxy resin, and silicone rubber. The results of the tests reveal that polylactic acid test samples have average wet and dry arc resistance times of 2.5 hours and 1.4 seconds, which is less than silicone rubber and epoxy resin. Additional research is required to comprehend the behavior of arc formation in polylactic acid insulation materials for high-voltage 3D printing applications.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nichakorn Khonchaiyaphum, T. Wongwuttanasatian, A. Suksri
Power transformers use mineral oil as an insulating liquid due to its excellent dielectric properties. However, mineral oil is a non-renewable resource and is toxic to the environment when leaked. The purpose of this research is to examine vegetable oil containing nanotitanium dioxide as a substitute for mineral transformer oil. Vegetable insulating oils are environmentally benign and have good breakdown voltage (BV) and high ignition points that can decompose naturally in the event of a leak. Nevertheless, the high viscosity of vegetable oil slows down the flow rate in the transformer cooling. To overcome this problem, the process of transesterification was used to produce soybean methyl ester (SBME). SBME is used as an insulating liquid including composite filler of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Electrical breakdown voltage (BV) tests were performed following ASTM D1816 standards. Results demonstrated that SBME has a greater BV than natural soybean oil. Also, the addition TiO2 nanoparticles increases the BV of the SBME’s mixture. All cases of nanoparticle methyl ester (NPME) conducted in the experiments exhibited a BV higher than 28 kV which is well above the standard value.
{"title":"Nano-Titanium Dioxide Filler Particles in Soybean Methyl Ester for an Improvement of Electrical Breakdown Strength of Soybean Vegetable Oil as a Transformer Oil Substitute","authors":"Nichakorn Khonchaiyaphum, T. Wongwuttanasatian, A. Suksri","doi":"10.4028/p-d5rvuj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-d5rvuj","url":null,"abstract":"Power transformers use mineral oil as an insulating liquid due to its excellent dielectric properties. However, mineral oil is a non-renewable resource and is toxic to the environment when leaked. The purpose of this research is to examine vegetable oil containing nanotitanium dioxide as a substitute for mineral transformer oil. Vegetable insulating oils are environmentally benign and have good breakdown voltage (BV) and high ignition points that can decompose naturally in the event of a leak. Nevertheless, the high viscosity of vegetable oil slows down the flow rate in the transformer cooling. To overcome this problem, the process of transesterification was used to produce soybean methyl ester (SBME). SBME is used as an insulating liquid including composite filler of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Electrical breakdown voltage (BV) tests were performed following ASTM D1816 standards. Results demonstrated that SBME has a greater BV than natural soybean oil. Also, the addition TiO2 nanoparticles increases the BV of the SBME’s mixture. All cases of nanoparticle methyl ester (NPME) conducted in the experiments exhibited a BV higher than 28 kV which is well above the standard value.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanical characteristics, dimensional stability, and bonding strength are all impacted by water sorption in polymer filler materials. The diffusion coefficient (D) of water through polymer composite, should be determined to understand the impact of the deterioration on service life and micro-leakage. In this study, the kinetics and properties of water absorption by short-term immersion in room-temperature plantain fibre reinforced epoxy bio-composites (PFRC), were studied. 5, 10, 20, and 30 percent, plantain fiber (PF) volume fractions of bio-composite specimens were made. Due to the high cellulose content of natural fibers (NF), the percentage of moisture absorption grew as the PF volume fraction increased. The mechanism and kinetics of PFRC's water absorption were found to follow the Fickian diffusion mode and had the propensity to behave in the Fickian mode.
{"title":"Mechanism and Kinetics of Water Absorption of Plantain Fibre Reinforced Bio-Composites","authors":"Patrick Ehi Imoisili, Tien Chien Jen","doi":"10.4028/p-3asjyr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3asjyr","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical characteristics, dimensional stability, and bonding strength are all impacted by water sorption in polymer filler materials. The diffusion coefficient (D) of water through polymer composite, should be determined to understand the impact of the deterioration on service life and micro-leakage. In this study, the kinetics and properties of water absorption by short-term immersion in room-temperature plantain fibre reinforced epoxy bio-composites (PFRC), were studied. 5, 10, 20, and 30 percent, plantain fiber (PF) volume fractions of bio-composite specimens were made. Due to the high cellulose content of natural fibers (NF), the percentage of moisture absorption grew as the PF volume fraction increased. The mechanism and kinetics of PFRC's water absorption were found to follow the Fickian diffusion mode and had the propensity to behave in the Fickian mode.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"108 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sari Wahyuni, Muhammad Riswan, Rivaldo Marsel Tumbelaka, Rona Cuana, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi
The application of an external electric field to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system of green-synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) is very promising for increasing the SPR detection signal. Electro-optic surface plasmon resonance (EOSPR) behavior of MNPs has been successfully carried out. The EOSPR system was investigated using the Kretschmann configuration with the prism/Au thin film/MNPs/air layer arrangement and applying an electric voltage of 0 V, 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V. In this study, we synthesized MNPs using the green synthesis approach from moringa oleifera extract. The benefits of green synthesis include being safe, affordable, clean, and ecologically friendly processes. X-ray diffraction results obtained crystal size of the MNPs is about 9.2 nm with inverse spinel face-centered cubic crystal structure. Fourier transforms infrared characterization showed the presence of Fe-O bonds at wave numbers 569 cm-1 and 629 cm-1, indicating that MNPs were successfully formed. The saturation magnetization of the samples is 55.3 emu/g. The SPR angle of the SPR system Prism/Au thin film/air without the addition of MNPs is 44.66°. After being deposited by MNPs and induced by a voltage of 0 V, 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V, the SPR angles changed to 44.87°, 44.90°, 44.95° and 45.12°. The addition of MNPs and an external electric field causes the SPR angle to increase. The results of this study can provide new insights into the development of optical devices that can be manipulated electrically and have the potential for future biosensor applications.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera and their Electro-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties","authors":"Sari Wahyuni, Muhammad Riswan, Rivaldo Marsel Tumbelaka, Rona Cuana, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi","doi":"10.4028/p-l9rtig","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-l9rtig","url":null,"abstract":"The application of an external electric field to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system of green-synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) is very promising for increasing the SPR detection signal. Electro-optic surface plasmon resonance (EOSPR) behavior of MNPs has been successfully carried out. The EOSPR system was investigated using the Kretschmann configuration with the prism/Au thin film/MNPs/air layer arrangement and applying an electric voltage of 0 V, 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V. In this study, we synthesized MNPs using the green synthesis approach from moringa oleifera extract. The benefits of green synthesis include being safe, affordable, clean, and ecologically friendly processes. X-ray diffraction results obtained crystal size of the MNPs is about 9.2 nm with inverse spinel face-centered cubic crystal structure. Fourier transforms infrared characterization showed the presence of Fe-O bonds at wave numbers 569 cm-1 and 629 cm-1, indicating that MNPs were successfully formed. The saturation magnetization of the samples is 55.3 emu/g. The SPR angle of the SPR system Prism/Au thin film/air without the addition of MNPs is 44.66°. After being deposited by MNPs and induced by a voltage of 0 V, 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V, the SPR angles changed to 44.87°, 44.90°, 44.95° and 45.12°. The addition of MNPs and an external electric field causes the SPR angle to increase. The results of this study can provide new insights into the development of optical devices that can be manipulated electrically and have the potential for future biosensor applications.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports on the effect of Gd concentrations on the properties of Gd-doped ZnO films. The films were prepared using co-sputtering method at room temperature. Characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to analyze the properties of the prepared films. XRD results observed that all the films are well crystalline and designated to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with no secondary phases, which confirmed the successful of doping the Gd into ZnO. Topography analysis from AFM discovered the increase of Gd concentrations of Gd-doped ZnO films leads to the increase in grain size and rougher surface of the films. The magnetization of the films effectively depends on the Gd concentrations, which the diamagnetic behavior changed to ferromagnetic behavior upon Gd doping. A film with higher Gd doping concentration is more effective than lower Gd doping in terms of saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and remanent magnetization (Mr). These findings revealed that optimizing the Gd concentration is very crucial in enhancing the magnetic properties of Gd-doped ZnO films.
{"title":"Enhanced Magnetic Properties of Gd-Doped ZnO by Varying the Gd Concentration via Co-Sputtering Technique","authors":"N. A. Raship, S. Tawil, N. Nayan","doi":"10.4028/p-rxb3gr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rxb3gr","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on the effect of Gd concentrations on the properties of Gd-doped ZnO films. The films were prepared using co-sputtering method at room temperature. Characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to analyze the properties of the prepared films. XRD results observed that all the films are well crystalline and designated to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with no secondary phases, which confirmed the successful of doping the Gd into ZnO. Topography analysis from AFM discovered the increase of Gd concentrations of Gd-doped ZnO films leads to the increase in grain size and rougher surface of the films. The magnetization of the films effectively depends on the Gd concentrations, which the diamagnetic behavior changed to ferromagnetic behavior upon Gd doping. A film with higher Gd doping concentration is more effective than lower Gd doping in terms of saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and remanent magnetization (Mr). These findings revealed that optimizing the Gd concentration is very crucial in enhancing the magnetic properties of Gd-doped ZnO films.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"16 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zarlina Zainuddin, T. Nurtiasto, A. F. Nugraha, J. A. Laksmono, Mochamad Chalid
The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanical effects of polypropylene using sorghum fiber as nucleating agent. Alkalization, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis are all used to chemically modify sorghum fiber. This modified sorghum fiber was then mixed with polypropylene as a polymer matrix for 10 minutes in a rheomix at 100 rpm at 165°C and molded in a hot press. The results of this study suggest that acid hydrolysis can improve the crystallinity and compatibility of sorghum fiber. Furthermore, at 23.44 MPa, the optimum mechanical characteristics of a mixture of polypropylene and micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC) from sorghum fiber were achieved from 0.5% MFC resulting from acid hydrolysis.
{"title":"Investigation Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composite with Difference Composition of Nucleating Agent Based Sorghum Fiber","authors":"Zarlina Zainuddin, T. Nurtiasto, A. F. Nugraha, J. A. Laksmono, Mochamad Chalid","doi":"10.4028/p-o1uqpx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o1uqpx","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanical effects of polypropylene using sorghum fiber as nucleating agent. Alkalization, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis are all used to chemically modify sorghum fiber. This modified sorghum fiber was then mixed with polypropylene as a polymer matrix for 10 minutes in a rheomix at 100 rpm at 165°C and molded in a hot press. The results of this study suggest that acid hydrolysis can improve the crystallinity and compatibility of sorghum fiber. Furthermore, at 23.44 MPa, the optimum mechanical characteristics of a mixture of polypropylene and micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC) from sorghum fiber were achieved from 0.5% MFC resulting from acid hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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