Non-isothermal DSC has been used to investigate the curing kinetics of epoxy adhesives (DGEBA-cycloaliphatic amine). The epoxy samples were scanned on DSC with five heating rates (5°C/min, 7.5°C/min, 10°C/min, 12.5°C/min, and 15°C/min). The curing kinetics were obtained through ASTM standards E2890 and E698 (the Ozawa and Kissinger methods). The kinetic parameters obtained include Ea (activation energy), A (pre-exponential factor), and n (reaction order). The activation energy calculated from the Kissinger and Ozawa method was slightly different but insignificant. The reaction rate (dα/dt) and degree of curing/conversion (α) relationship towards temperature (T), and time (t) was also investigated. The curing process's reaction rate (dα/dt) has maximum value; it can no longer increase after a specific conversion rate (α).
{"title":"Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Adhesive by Non-Isothermal DSC","authors":"Wiwiek Utami Dewi, Rizky Sutrisna, Heru Supriyatno, S. Astutiningsih, Mochamad Chalid","doi":"10.4028/p-e5vlmg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-e5vlmg","url":null,"abstract":"Non-isothermal DSC has been used to investigate the curing kinetics of epoxy adhesives (DGEBA-cycloaliphatic amine). The epoxy samples were scanned on DSC with five heating rates (5°C/min, 7.5°C/min, 10°C/min, 12.5°C/min, and 15°C/min). The curing kinetics were obtained through ASTM standards E2890 and E698 (the Ozawa and Kissinger methods). The kinetic parameters obtained include Ea (activation energy), A (pre-exponential factor), and n (reaction order). The activation energy calculated from the Kissinger and Ozawa method was slightly different but insignificant. The reaction rate (dα/dt) and degree of curing/conversion (α) relationship towards temperature (T), and time (t) was also investigated. The curing process's reaction rate (dα/dt) has maximum value; it can no longer increase after a specific conversion rate (α).","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syarifah Norsuhaila binti Syed Mahmud, Nur Iffah Zulaikha binti Azman, N. Salim, Kok Yeow You, M. Jusoh
In this paper, the performance of microstrip patch antenna that is made of fully biodegradable materials has been studied. The polymer resins of Polyurethane as a binder agent were produced using polyol extracted from palm oil while the host composites were made from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. The performance of Polyurethane – Oil Palm (PolyOP) Empty Fruit Bunch composite as a microwave dielectric substrate was tested by fabricating microstrip patch antenna on it. The performance of fabricated patch antenna was measured using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and is compared with simulation results obtained from High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulator. The difference of percentage in resonant frequency, return loss, bandwidth and VSWR between simulation and measurement were found to be 0.4%, 75.2%, 67.9%, and 12.7%, respectively.
{"title":"The Performance Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna Made of Polyurethane - Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Composite","authors":"Syarifah Norsuhaila binti Syed Mahmud, Nur Iffah Zulaikha binti Azman, N. Salim, Kok Yeow You, M. Jusoh","doi":"10.4028/p-qch4ro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-qch4ro","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performance of microstrip patch antenna that is made of fully biodegradable materials has been studied. The polymer resins of Polyurethane as a binder agent were produced using polyol extracted from palm oil while the host composites were made from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. The performance of Polyurethane – Oil Palm (PolyOP) Empty Fruit Bunch composite as a microwave dielectric substrate was tested by fabricating microstrip patch antenna on it. The performance of fabricated patch antenna was measured using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and is compared with simulation results obtained from High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulator. The difference of percentage in resonant frequency, return loss, bandwidth and VSWR between simulation and measurement were found to be 0.4%, 75.2%, 67.9%, and 12.7%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Iezwan Izuddin Abdullah, Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed
Biodegradable films demand increases due to the awareness of the environmental effects of synthetic plastics. However, biodegradable films based on starch have high water sensibility and poor mechanical properties. This led to an interest among the scientist in improving the properties of biodegradable films. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of lotus root starch content on the water solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability and biodegradability of cassava bioplastic films. The lotus root starch was added at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cassava starch. The results showed that the water absorption properties decreased by 122% to 21% and the water vapor permeability showed a decreasing trend as the lotus starch content increased. The water solubility increased from 4% to 36% with the increase of lotus starch content and biodegradability increased by 87.5% at 50% of lotus starch content. The results exposed the potential of cassava/ lotus starch bioplastic films for food packaging applications.
{"title":"The Effect of Lotus Root Starch Content on the Water Barrier Properties and Biodegradability of Cassava Bioplastic Films","authors":"Muhammad Iezwan Izuddin Abdullah, Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed","doi":"10.4028/p-29ugkz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-29ugkz","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable films demand increases due to the awareness of the environmental effects of synthetic plastics. However, biodegradable films based on starch have high water sensibility and poor mechanical properties. This led to an interest among the scientist in improving the properties of biodegradable films. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of lotus root starch content on the water solubility, water absorption, water vapor permeability and biodegradability of cassava bioplastic films. The lotus root starch was added at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cassava starch. The results showed that the water absorption properties decreased by 122% to 21% and the water vapor permeability showed a decreasing trend as the lotus starch content increased. The water solubility increased from 4% to 36% with the increase of lotus starch content and biodegradability increased by 87.5% at 50% of lotus starch content. The results exposed the potential of cassava/ lotus starch bioplastic films for food packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusnimar Yusnimar, Khairat Khairat, Drastinawati Drastinawati, C. Chairul, Syamsu Herman, S. Ramadhana
For a long time, rayon has been produced using dissolving pulp (DP). DP is typically made from wood or cotton, but it takes a long time to collect wood, and high-quality cotton must be imported from afar. Sansevieria trifasciata (ST) fiber, which contains more than 50% cellulose, offers potential as a raw material and a substitute for cotton and wood. It is simple to develop and grow. It can endure a wide range of light and temperature conditions. By using the water-pre-hydrolysis, soda-Anthraquinone cooking (soda-AQ), and elementary-chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching sequences, this work aims to convert ST into DP. Results, The DP was produced with a yield of 43.69%, a kappa value of 4.73, a viscosity of 9.3 cP, an alpha-cellulose content of 97.7% and a brightness of 90.7%, which was higher than the ISO brightness of 88%. The DP quality corresponds to the minimum DP level for rayon according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). It is very promising for further development, such as being used for viscose fiber production.
{"title":"Dissolving Pulp from Sansevieria Trifasciata Fiber Processed with Water-Pre-Hydrolysis, Soda-Anthraquinone Cooking and Clorine Free Bleaching","authors":"Yusnimar Yusnimar, Khairat Khairat, Drastinawati Drastinawati, C. Chairul, Syamsu Herman, S. Ramadhana","doi":"10.4028/p-1p8sdj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1p8sdj","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, rayon has been produced using dissolving pulp (DP). DP is typically made from wood or cotton, but it takes a long time to collect wood, and high-quality cotton must be imported from afar. Sansevieria trifasciata (ST) fiber, which contains more than 50% cellulose, offers potential as a raw material and a substitute for cotton and wood. It is simple to develop and grow. It can endure a wide range of light and temperature conditions. By using the water-pre-hydrolysis, soda-Anthraquinone cooking (soda-AQ), and elementary-chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching sequences, this work aims to convert ST into DP. Results, The DP was produced with a yield of 43.69%, a kappa value of 4.73, a viscosity of 9.3 cP, an alpha-cellulose content of 97.7% and a brightness of 90.7%, which was higher than the ISO brightness of 88%. The DP quality corresponds to the minimum DP level for rayon according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). It is very promising for further development, such as being used for viscose fiber production.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Naqib Hamdan, Amir Mustaqim Mohd Naim, Nuradlyna Safyah Mohd Rozi, Mohd Shaiful Sajab, H. Kaco
Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a key technology driving Industry 4.0. via the formation of three-dimensional objects from a computer-aided design model which can be done through layer-by-layer technique. Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks as one of the most favored materials as a 3D printing filament. Despite its unique properties, PLA took about 12 weeks to biodegrade which is slow degradation leads to an increased rate of plastic pollution in the environment. The aim of this study was to provide an alternative method for bioplastic waste management through biodegradation process using potting mix soil at different incubation temperatures and times. The PLA was designed in coupon shapes and eventually, 3D printed, respectively. Consequently, potting mix soil was prepared in a container and coupon, as all PLA samples were then planted 7 cm from the soil surface. Eventually, PLA samples were subjected to biodegradation process in the soil at 25 °C and 50 °C. Subsequently, each sample was drawn from the soil at different incubation times up to 65 days. The results show that prolong incubation time has resulted in PLA coupon losing weight up to 10.4% and 1.4% for the incubation time of 25 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the physical structure has deteriorated to powder form and the fragility decreases proportionally as prolonged incubation time. Functional groups analysis showed the functional groups altered after the biodegradation process of PLA and soil. Ergo, this method can be utilized for the community to execute self-degradation of their PLA waste generated even at their own facility.
{"title":"Intensify Biodegradation Process of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Waste Generated from 3D Printing Activities","authors":"Muhammad Naqib Hamdan, Amir Mustaqim Mohd Naim, Nuradlyna Safyah Mohd Rozi, Mohd Shaiful Sajab, H. Kaco","doi":"10.4028/p-m2eeip","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-m2eeip","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a key technology driving Industry 4.0. via the formation of three-dimensional objects from a computer-aided design model which can be done through layer-by-layer technique. Polylactic acid (PLA) ranks as one of the most favored materials as a 3D printing filament. Despite its unique properties, PLA took about 12 weeks to biodegrade which is slow degradation leads to an increased rate of plastic pollution in the environment. The aim of this study was to provide an alternative method for bioplastic waste management through biodegradation process using potting mix soil at different incubation temperatures and times. The PLA was designed in coupon shapes and eventually, 3D printed, respectively. Consequently, potting mix soil was prepared in a container and coupon, as all PLA samples were then planted 7 cm from the soil surface. Eventually, PLA samples were subjected to biodegradation process in the soil at 25 °C and 50 °C. Subsequently, each sample was drawn from the soil at different incubation times up to 65 days. The results show that prolong incubation time has resulted in PLA coupon losing weight up to 10.4% and 1.4% for the incubation time of 25 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the physical structure has deteriorated to powder form and the fragility decreases proportionally as prolonged incubation time. Functional groups analysis showed the functional groups altered after the biodegradation process of PLA and soil. Ergo, this method can be utilized for the community to execute self-degradation of their PLA waste generated even at their own facility.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shania Garcia, Ni’matil Mabarroh, Rona Cuana, H. Ardiyanti, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi
Detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPS) label is essential to determine the performance of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors in biosensing technology. This research identifies the potency of green-synthesized Fe3O4/Chitosan on GMR sensors, which has never been explored. MNPS label was synthesized by the coprecipitation method based on the green synthesis route because cost-effective, non-toxic, and reduces waste production. Chitosan is considered the best polymer candidate as a stabilizer of Fe3O4 because they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and hydrophilic. The characteristics of Fe3O4/Chitosan with several concentrations and the effect on sensor signals were investigated. Measurement of Fe3O4/Chitosan using a spin-valve based sensor with a Ta (2nm)/Ir20Mn80(10nm)/Co90Fe10(3nm)/Co84Fe10B4(10nm)/Ta (5nm) structure on Si/SiO2 substrate. Fe3O4/Chitosan has a spherical shape with an inverse spinel cubic structure. The crystallite sizes of Fe3O4/Chitosan (1:1) and Fe3O4/Chitosan (2:1) are 7.9 and 7.5 nm, respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectra of Fe3O4/Chitosan showed the NH2 bending at 1560 cm−1, C-O-C stretching at 1386 cm−1, and Fe-O stretching at 580 cm−1. The results indicate that chitosan effectively coated the surface of Fe3O4. The sensitivity of the GMR sensor increased to 0.04 mV/mg/mL and 0.05 mV/mg/mL, in the case of Fe3O4/Chitosan (1:1) and Fe3O4/Chitosan (2:1). The increase in the sensitivity was caused by the decrease in diamagnetic material composition, crystallite size and the increase in the saturation magnetization of Fe3O4/Chitosan. Green-synthesized Fe3O4/Chitosan can be detected by GMR sensor by providing a low external magnetic field within the 60s and reach ruthless performance as a magnetic label to be applied to biosensors application in the future.
{"title":"Detection of Green-Synthesized Fe3O4/ Chitosan Using Spin Valve GMR Sensor with Wheatstone Bridge Circuit","authors":"Shania Garcia, Ni’matil Mabarroh, Rona Cuana, H. Ardiyanti, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi","doi":"10.4028/p-7ulydw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7ulydw","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPS) label is essential to determine the performance of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors in biosensing technology. This research identifies the potency of green-synthesized Fe3O4/Chitosan on GMR sensors, which has never been explored. MNPS label was synthesized by the coprecipitation method based on the green synthesis route because cost-effective, non-toxic, and reduces waste production. Chitosan is considered the best polymer candidate as a stabilizer of Fe3O4 because they are biodegradable, biocompatible, and hydrophilic. The characteristics of Fe3O4/Chitosan with several concentrations and the effect on sensor signals were investigated. Measurement of Fe3O4/Chitosan using a spin-valve based sensor with a Ta (2nm)/Ir20Mn80(10nm)/Co90Fe10(3nm)/Co84Fe10B4(10nm)/Ta (5nm) structure on Si/SiO2 substrate. Fe3O4/Chitosan has a spherical shape with an inverse spinel cubic structure. The crystallite sizes of Fe3O4/Chitosan (1:1) and Fe3O4/Chitosan (2:1) are 7.9 and 7.5 nm, respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectra of Fe3O4/Chitosan showed the NH2 bending at 1560 cm−1, C-O-C stretching at 1386 cm−1, and Fe-O stretching at 580 cm−1. The results indicate that chitosan effectively coated the surface of Fe3O4. The sensitivity of the GMR sensor increased to 0.04 mV/mg/mL and 0.05 mV/mg/mL, in the case of Fe3O4/Chitosan (1:1) and Fe3O4/Chitosan (2:1). The increase in the sensitivity was caused by the decrease in diamagnetic material composition, crystallite size and the increase in the saturation magnetization of Fe3O4/Chitosan. Green-synthesized Fe3O4/Chitosan can be detected by GMR sensor by providing a low external magnetic field within the 60s and reach ruthless performance as a magnetic label to be applied to biosensors application in the future.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rina Ningtyas, Shanaz Nadya, Muryeti Muryeti, D. Priadi, Mochamad Chalid
The development of bioplastics is currently increasing, because bioplastics are an effort to reduce landfill waste. One of the bioplastics that has good degradation ability is cornstarch. The addition of nanoparticles was carried out to improve the properties of bioplastic packaging. One example of the application of nanotechnology in food packaging is silver nanoparticles (AgNP), known as antimicrobial substances. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding AgNP (0%, 1%, and 2%) on the antimicrobial and biodegradation of cornstarch bioplastics. Bioplastics are made by casting method. AgNP was used from the synthesis of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) as a reducing agent and stabilizer by chemical reduction method, which was then analyzed by FTIR. The results obtained showed that cornstarch bioplastic AgNP 1% has the ability to estimate the fastest degradation time among other concentrations with an addition of 103 days. Cornstarch bioplastic AgNP 2% had the best ability to inhibit bacterial growth, with antibacterial inhibition zone diameters of 11.03 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 10.61 mm (Escherichia coli). However, AgNP could not inhibit the mold growth of Aspergillus niger. The addition of AgNP to cornstarch bioplastics can increase the degradation capabilities and antibacterial activity of bioplastics.
{"title":"The Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial and Biodegradation of Cornstarch Bioplastic","authors":"Rina Ningtyas, Shanaz Nadya, Muryeti Muryeti, D. Priadi, Mochamad Chalid","doi":"10.4028/p-vvm7a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vvm7a4","url":null,"abstract":"The development of bioplastics is currently increasing, because bioplastics are an effort to reduce landfill waste. One of the bioplastics that has good degradation ability is cornstarch. The addition of nanoparticles was carried out to improve the properties of bioplastic packaging. One example of the application of nanotechnology in food packaging is silver nanoparticles (AgNP), known as antimicrobial substances. This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding AgNP (0%, 1%, and 2%) on the antimicrobial and biodegradation of cornstarch bioplastics. Bioplastics are made by casting method. AgNP was used from the synthesis of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) as a reducing agent and stabilizer by chemical reduction method, which was then analyzed by FTIR. The results obtained showed that cornstarch bioplastic AgNP 1% has the ability to estimate the fastest degradation time among other concentrations with an addition of 103 days. Cornstarch bioplastic AgNP 2% had the best ability to inhibit bacterial growth, with antibacterial inhibition zone diameters of 11.03 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 10.61 mm (Escherichia coli). However, AgNP could not inhibit the mold growth of Aspergillus niger. The addition of AgNP to cornstarch bioplastics can increase the degradation capabilities and antibacterial activity of bioplastics.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact resistance of Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) composite laminates by incorporating shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The influence of varying percentages of pre-strain (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the SMA wires embedded in the GLARE composites was examined. Laminate composites were made by hand lay-up method using 1100 series aluminum, glass laminate, epoxy resin, and nitinol wire. Impact testing was carried out using the Charpy (un-notched) method. The results demonstrate that the presence of SMA wires significantly enhances the impact resistance of the laminates. The energy absorption capacity of the laminates was found to increase with increasing pre-strain percentage. The highest impact resistance was observed in the specimens with 3% pre-strain, which exhibited a 35.2% increase in energy absorption compared to the specimens without SMA wires. However, a further increase in pre-strain to 5% resulted in a 21.5% decrease in energy absorption due to the higher fraction of stress-induced martensite, limiting the shape memory effect. Additionally, the damage analysis revealed that the absence of SMA wires led to severe debonding and delamination in the GLARE laminates. Conversely, specimens with 3% pre-strain exhibited the least damage, with limited debonding observed only in the front interface of the aluminum and epoxy-laminated fiberglass layers. The higher damage resistance of these specimens is attributed to their optimal energy absorption capability. Based on the findings, it is recommended to further investigate alternative shape memory alloy materials to determine their impact resistance enhancement potential compared to the current SMA wires. Additionally, conducting experiments with pre-strain percentages in the range of 3-5% would provide a better understanding of the maximum achievable performance. Furthermore, microscale observations should be conducted to gain more detailed insights into the damage mechanisms of the tested specimens.
本研究探讨了玻璃层压铝增强环氧树脂（GLARE）复合材料层压板中加入形状记忆合金（SMA）丝后的抗冲击性能。研究了不同比例的预应变（0%、1%、3% 和 5%）对嵌入 GLARE 复合材料中的 SMA 线的影响。层压复合材料是用 1100 系列铝、玻璃层压板、环氧树脂和镍钛诺丝通过手糊法制成的。冲击测试采用夏比（无缺口）法进行。结果表明，SMA 线的存在大大增强了层压板的抗冲击能力。层压板的能量吸收能力随着预应变百分比的增加而增加。预应变为 3% 的试样抗冲击能力最强，与不含 SMA 线的试样相比，能量吸收能力提高了 35.2%。然而，预应变进一步增加到 5%后，由于应力诱导马氏体的比例增加，限制了形状记忆效应，能量吸收降低了 21.5%。此外，损伤分析表明，没有 SMA 线会导致 GLARE 层压板严重脱粘和分层。相反，预应变为 3% 的试样损伤最小，仅在铝层和环氧树脂层玻璃纤维层的前端界面观察到有限的脱粘现象。这些试样具有较高的抗破坏性，这是因为它们具有最佳的能量吸收能力。根据研究结果，建议进一步研究替代的形状记忆合金材料，以确定与当前的 SMA 金属丝相比，它们的抗冲击增强潜力。此外，在预应变百分比为 3-5% 的范围内进行实验将有助于更好地了解可实现的最大性能。此外，还应进行微观观察，以便更详细地了解测试试样的损坏机制。
{"title":"Impact Resistance Enhancement of GLARE Composite Laminates Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloy Wires","authors":"Yudha Arya Sumbaga, Rahmat Saptono","doi":"10.4028/p-9wdbiu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9wdbiu","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact resistance of Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) composite laminates by incorporating shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The influence of varying percentages of pre-strain (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on the SMA wires embedded in the GLARE composites was examined. Laminate composites were made by hand lay-up method using 1100 series aluminum, glass laminate, epoxy resin, and nitinol wire. Impact testing was carried out using the Charpy (un-notched) method. The results demonstrate that the presence of SMA wires significantly enhances the impact resistance of the laminates. The energy absorption capacity of the laminates was found to increase with increasing pre-strain percentage. The highest impact resistance was observed in the specimens with 3% pre-strain, which exhibited a 35.2% increase in energy absorption compared to the specimens without SMA wires. However, a further increase in pre-strain to 5% resulted in a 21.5% decrease in energy absorption due to the higher fraction of stress-induced martensite, limiting the shape memory effect. Additionally, the damage analysis revealed that the absence of SMA wires led to severe debonding and delamination in the GLARE laminates. Conversely, specimens with 3% pre-strain exhibited the least damage, with limited debonding observed only in the front interface of the aluminum and epoxy-laminated fiberglass layers. The higher damage resistance of these specimens is attributed to their optimal energy absorption capability. Based on the findings, it is recommended to further investigate alternative shape memory alloy materials to determine their impact resistance enhancement potential compared to the current SMA wires. Additionally, conducting experiments with pre-strain percentages in the range of 3-5% would provide a better understanding of the maximum achievable performance. Furthermore, microscale observations should be conducted to gain more detailed insights into the damage mechanisms of the tested specimens.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jay C. Dulog, Romnick B. Unabia, Jared Deve P. Delicana, Aldrin Lalem, Noel Lito B. Sayson, R. Capangpangan, A. Lubguban, Arnold A. Alguno
Nanoparticles have been intensively studied due to their unique, size-dependent properties, paving the way for various applications, particularly in photocatalysis. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics of TiO2 and Au nanoparticles and the AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. Employing multiple characterization techniques, the structural and functional parameters were elucidated. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed the pore sizes of TiO2 and the Au/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles as 12 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements revealed the hydrodynamic size of the AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles at 386 nm. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed the absorbance peaks associated with their electronic structures and potential photocatalytic applications. The fast Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results revealed the surface molecular interactions crucial for nanoparticle functionalities. The AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles exhibit a larger pore size compared to TiO2NPs, indicating their superior adsorption capability. Moreover, the unique band gap of TiO2NPs and electron-hole pair generation make it a formidable candidate for photocatalysis. The incorporation of AuNPs may further augment charge separation, optimizing photocatalytic activity. These findings spotlight the promise of these AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles in possible photocatalytic applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of AuNP/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Possible Photocatalytic Application","authors":"Jay C. Dulog, Romnick B. Unabia, Jared Deve P. Delicana, Aldrin Lalem, Noel Lito B. Sayson, R. Capangpangan, A. Lubguban, Arnold A. Alguno","doi":"10.4028/p-ogeu80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ogeu80","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have been intensively studied due to their unique, size-dependent properties, paving the way for various applications, particularly in photocatalysis. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics of TiO2 and Au nanoparticles and the AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles. Employing multiple characterization techniques, the structural and functional parameters were elucidated. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed the pore sizes of TiO2 and the Au/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles as 12 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements revealed the hydrodynamic size of the AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles at 386 nm. The UV-visible spectroscopy showed the absorbance peaks associated with their electronic structures and potential photocatalytic applications. The fast Fourier infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results revealed the surface molecular interactions crucial for nanoparticle functionalities. The AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles exhibit a larger pore size compared to TiO2NPs, indicating their superior adsorption capability. Moreover, the unique band gap of TiO2NPs and electron-hole pair generation make it a formidable candidate for photocatalysis. The incorporation of AuNPs may further augment charge separation, optimizing photocatalytic activity. These findings spotlight the promise of these AuNP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles in possible photocatalytic applications.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feb Alexis P. Marquez, E. Fundador, N. G. Fundador
A facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the ethanolic extract of Cavendish banana florets as source of reducing agents for the conversion of Ag+ to Ag. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance peak between 410–435 nm in the UV Vis spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The effects of different reaction conditions on the size and concentration of AgNPs were evaluated. The optimum conditions identified were pH 7 at 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs with a mean particle size of 13.55 nm. On the other hand, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of silver (Ag) as the bulk element (87.25%). Other elements such as carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are attributed to the capping agents of AgNPs which agrees with the results in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The optimized AgNPs were used for dye degradation using methyl orange (MO) as the model dye under acidified conditions. The maximum MO dye degradation of 96.07% and 77.32% at pH 1.5 and 2 were achieved after 10 min and 1320 min, respectively. This highlights the potential use of green-synthesized AgNPs for dye wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Application of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Dye Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Feb Alexis P. Marquez, E. Fundador, N. G. Fundador","doi":"10.4028/p-uifca6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-uifca6","url":null,"abstract":"A facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the ethanolic extract of Cavendish banana florets as source of reducing agents for the conversion of Ag+ to Ag. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance peak between 410–435 nm in the UV Vis spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The effects of different reaction conditions on the size and concentration of AgNPs were evaluated. The optimum conditions identified were pH 7 at 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs with a mean particle size of 13.55 nm. On the other hand, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of silver (Ag) as the bulk element (87.25%). Other elements such as carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are attributed to the capping agents of AgNPs which agrees with the results in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The optimized AgNPs were used for dye degradation using methyl orange (MO) as the model dye under acidified conditions. The maximum MO dye degradation of 96.07% and 77.32% at pH 1.5 and 2 were achieved after 10 min and 1320 min, respectively. This highlights the potential use of green-synthesized AgNPs for dye wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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