Animal最新文献

{"title":"Title page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1751-7311(25)00290-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1751-7311(25)00290-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of grass silage-based feeding strategies and carcass weight on performance and environmental impacts of finishing beef on dairy crossbred heifers","authors":"K. Manni ,&nbsp;S. Hietala ,&nbsp;M. Pesonen ,&nbsp;A. Huuskonen","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When targeting low-carbon feed production and feeding cattle with non-human-edible feeds, in practice, this means maximising the use of forages such as grass. However, there is a gap in knowledge of the environmental impacts when carcass weight increases and/or concentrate is excluded from grass silage (<strong>GS</strong>)-based diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different GS−based diets and three carcass weights on performance and environmental impacts of growing heifers. The experiment was conducted using 84 crossbred heifers (Holstein or Nordic Red × Blonde d’Aquitaine). Two experimental diets were GS alone (<strong>GSA</strong>) and GS supplemented with barley grain (285 g/kg DM; <strong>GSB</strong>). Both diets contained a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g/kg DM). The heifers were fed total mixed rations <em>ad libitum</em>. The animals were slaughtered at three <strong>BW</strong>s, targeting carcass weights of 300 (<strong>LCW</strong>), 325 (<strong>MCW</strong>) or 350 (<strong>HCW</strong>) kg. Life cycle assessment approach was used to compare climate change, eutrophication, and acidification impacts for both feeding treatments across three carcass weights. The experimental treatments had no effects on daily DM intake, but total DM intake was 13% higher for the GSA compared to GSB (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and 37% higher for HCW compared to LCW (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Barley grain supplementation increased daily energy intake by 14% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Excluding barley grain from the diet decreased carcass gain by 20% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Feed conversion (kg DM/kg carcass gain) declined when barley grain was excluded from the diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Carcass weight had no effect on growth rate and feed conversion. For GSA, the dressing proportion was 3% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and carcass conformation 11% (<em>P</em> = 0.018) lower compared to GSB, but they were not affected by carcass weight. For carcass fat score, feeding × carcass weight quadratic interaction was observed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.016). Compared to GSA, GSB animals were fatter and carcass fat cover was affected to a greater extent by carcass weight. At the same carcass weight, the climate change impact of GSB was 10–11%, eutrophication potential 13–15%, and acidification potential 20–23% lower compared to GSA. Increasing carcass weight raised all impacts by 4–9% per functional unit within both dietary treatments. For all carcass weights, GSB showed consistently lower environmental impacts than GSA. In conclusion, including concentrate in the diet improved performance of the heifers and decreased environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 101676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do early life experiences influence ear necrosis development in weaned pigs?","authors":"L. Markland ,&nbsp;K. O’Driscoll ,&nbsp;F.C. Leonard ,&nbsp;L.A. Boyle","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ear necrosis is a welfare concern in weaned pigs but there is poor understanding of the causes and risk factors, including the role of potentially stressful management practices such as handling and mixing. The study investigated the effect of frequent handling prior to weaning and mixing at weaning on ear necrosis development up to 43 days postweaning. The early life stress associated with handling, and ear scratches associated with mixing aggression were hypothesised to increase the risk of ear necrosis. At farrowing, litters (N = 37) were randomly assigned to either a Control (n = 18; 239 piglets) or Handled (n = 19; 271 piglets) treatment. Control piglets were handled 3 times from birth to weaning for routine weighing and processing procedures, whereas Handled piglets were weighed an additional 5 times during the same period. At 28 days of age, pigs were weaned into 36 mixed-sex pens as either Un-mixed (litter groups; n = 18 206 pigs) or Mixed (housed with pigs from multiple litters; n = 18 204 pigs). Preweaning, diarrhoea scores and faecal cortisol levels were assessed. Ear scratches were counted at 24 h postweaning, and ear necrosis was scored weekly from 0 (none) to 5 (substantial degradation and loss of the ear pinna). Pre- and postweaning growth was measured. Handling resulted in higher diarrhoea scores preweaning and a higher prevalence of mild ear necrosis postweaning, but there was no difference in faecal cortisol levels, moderate to severe ear necrosis, or tail lesions. Although Mixed pigs had a greater number of ear scratches, there was a higher prevalence of ear necrosis in the Un-mixed group. At the individual pig level, and irrespective of treatment, ear scratches at weaning were not associated with subsequent ear necrosis. While neither the preweaning nor postweaning treatments impacted growth, pigs with ear necrosis had lower average daily gain than pigs without. In conclusion, results suggest that scratches caused by weaning aggression do not play a role in the aetiology of ear necrosis. Although handling led to more pigs affected with mild ear necrosis, multiple factors are likely to play a role in overall ear necrosis development and its progression to moderate and severe scores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of plasma sexual steroids in Duroc and Pietrain crossbred male pigs in organic farming and prediction of boar taint risk according to slaughter weight","authors":"A. Prunier,&nbsp;B. Lebret","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boar taint risk in pork highly depends on fat tissue concentrations of androstenone and skatole, and indole to a lower extent. During pubertal development, androstenone is increasingly produced by testes and accumulates in fat tissues. Skatole and indole are produced and absorbed along in the colon and also accumulate in fat tissues. Skatole and indole are catabolised in the liver, but sexual steroids (including androstenone) inhibit their liver degradation. Therefore, slaughtering pigs before the pubertal peak of steroid production should reduce boar taint risk and thus make it possible to raise male pigs without inflicting detrimental castration. In the present experiment, non-castrated male pigs from two genotypes differing in their propensity to accumulate androstenone and skatole in backfat were compared: Large White × Duroc (D; n = 47) and Large White × Pietrain crossbreds (P; n = 34). Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein two times during growth (at around 85 kg BW and 133 days of age, and around 105 kg BW and 153 days of age) and the day before slaughter (around 125 kg BW and 174 days of age). Plasma testosterone and 17β-oestradiol, whose concentrations increase during sexual development, were measured in all samples and correlated with backfat concentrations of androstenone, skatole and indole measured at slaughter. Plasma concentrations of both hormones increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) from the first to the second, and from the second to the third sampling stage (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Plasma testosterone concentration did not differ between genotypes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.1) whereas plasma 17β-oestradiol was more than twice higher in D than in P pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) regardless of the age. Plasma 17β-oestradiol concentration measured the day before slaughter was highly correlated with backfat androstenone (r = 0.91, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Estimating backfat androstenone concentration from that of plasma 17β-oestradiol allowed to predict that reducing slaughter BW from more than 125 kg to less than 110 kg would reduce the percentage of carcasses with androstenone concentration above 1.7 µg/g liquid fat (severe threshold limit for boar taint) from 42 to 29% in D pigs and from 10 to 0% in P pigs, and with androstenone concentration above 3 µg/g (less severe limit for boar taint) from 19 to 7% in D pigs, whereas none of the P pigs would be above this limit regardless of the age. In conclusion, pig genotype and reducing slaughter BW (and age) are strong levers to avoid boar taint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 101673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of rainfall on beef cattle growth across diverse climate zones","authors":"F.M. Hasan ,&nbsp;S. Lomax ,&nbsp;P.C. Thomson ,&nbsp;M.R. Islam ,&nbsp;A. Chlingaryan ,&nbsp;C.E.F. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetics, animal husbandry, and the feedbase all impact cattle growth. Australia’s cattle feedbase covers 40% of the continent and encompasses diverse climates and landscapes, making stocking rate decisions challenging. Of the factors contributing to climate change, rainfall is a primary determinant of feedbase growth and, with this, cattle growth. Understanding the interplay between rainfall and cattle growth across the diverse Australian landscape is thus critical to aid farmer decision-making. However, revealing such interactions between landscape and rainfall for cattle growth for such decision-making has until now been infeasible due to a lack of sufficient temporal and spatial cattle growth data. The Optiweigh (<strong>OW</strong>) system has been deployed across Australia’s extensive beef production systems as a voluntary weighing unit, opportunistically monitoring cattle liveweight (<strong>LW</strong>). This study determined the impact of rainfall on the temporal and spatial variability of beef cattle growth across three of Australia’s agro-climatic zones (grassland, subtropical, and temperate), aiming to describe the diverse feedbase through patterns of LW variability. A total of 1.3 million cattle LW observations were collected from 82 026 cattle over 2 years (2020–2022). Rainfall data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were also collated for the closest meteorological station to each OW unit. Cattle LW average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>) was clustered by season and zone. A series of linear mixed models were used to examine ADG for each zone-season combination, with random effects for individual animals and farms, and fixed effects for climate zone and current and lagged rainfall. The overall mean ADG for the dataset was 0.68 kg/day, with greater growth variability between farms within a zone (SD: 0.349 ± 0.021 kg/day, estimate ± SE) than between cattle within a farm (SD: 0.229 ± 0.004 kg/day). This ADG variability can be partly attributed to the timing and amount of rainfall, with agro-climatic zones showing unique interactions between rainfall and ADG. Seasonal lagged rainfall effects were present in the grassland and temperate zones, while rainfall in the temperate zone had a year-round effect on cattle growth. Furthermore, season-wise lagged rainfall had mixed effects on ADG, whereas rainfall occurring in a season reduced growth in the same season across zones (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). These findings provide valuable initial insights into the variability of ADG across the landscape over time and markedly improve our understanding of the interplay between climate and Australia’s diverse feedbase, contributing to improved management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opinion paper: Ethical and equitable sharing of farm animal data requires stakeholder participation in data governance","authors":"H.F. Williamson ,&nbsp;S. Hartley","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 101683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145453905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Keystone issues in ruminant science II. Environmental impact of ruminants: methane emissions and rangeland degradation","authors":"M.M. Kothmann ,&nbsp;W. Pittroff","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the publication of the UN-FAO report on the environmental impact of livestock production in 2006, negative headlines seem to rule the public perception of ruminant livestock production. Two themes dominate this discussion: the emission of greenhouse gases, and the worldwide degradation of grazing resources. We show that currently used methods for source strength estimation in global methane budget models cannot produce independent estimates and therefore do not qualify as support of policy decisions. We further submit that there is no justification for the view that methane output by ruminants is a key priority area of research in ruminant nutrition. We review the history of methodology and application of vegetation monitoring on rangelands and its interaction with grazing management. We discuss some of the reasons why rangeland conservation management has become globally so divergent in its application scope and success, with widespread resource degradation observed worldwide. This is a critically relevant topic affecting a natural space occupying more than half of the global landmass, and constituting the most important feed resource for global livestock production. Achieving sustainable management of rangelands has been a challenge around the world throughout recorded history. The integrated management of grazing and prescribed fire as the keystone practices should be based on sound ecological principles and be supported by management-oriented decision−support tools. This has not been accomplished yet. In the past couple of centuries, historic grazing and fire regimes have been significantly disrupted worldwide, often in conjunction with excessive grazing, causing widespread rangeland degradation. These problems are linked to increasing human and livestock populations and changing cultures. Increasing human populations are also the key factor in the ever−expanding conversion of historic rangelands into rainfed crop production areas. These occur on semi-arid lands not allowing long-term sustainable use for crop production and consequently, they lead to extremely detrimental consequences for the environment and for the climate. With this paper, we introduce key concepts in rangeland monitoring to animal scientists in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the current problems in conservation management of one of the most important resources for livestock production. We explore the problem of rangeland degradation related to livestock grazing and the role of rangeland management in providing solutions. We discuss how rangeland and animal management must be integrated to ensure long-term use of this resource, without which global livestock production would not be feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims and Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1751-7311(25)00291-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1751-7311(25)00291-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of inbreeding depression across growth, fertility, and survival traits in Limousine beef cattle","authors":"S. Callegaro ,&nbsp;F. Tiezzi ,&nbsp;C. Maltecca ,&nbsp;M.C. Fabbri ,&nbsp;J.C. do Carmo Panetto ,&nbsp;R. Bozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2025.101672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Italian Limousine cattle population, with approximately 100 000 registered animals in the national herd book, plays a crucial role in the country’s national beef industry, being one of the most widely spread breeds in Italy. Maintaining genetic diversity is essential to prevent the negative consequences of inbreeding, which can reduce animal performance for economically important traits such as growth, fertility, and longevity. Traditional pedigree-based inbreeding estimates have been previously used, but genomic tools offer the possibility of greater precision. This study evaluated the effects of inbreeding and inbreeding depression on key performance traits in Limousine cattle, considering both pedigree- and genomic-based inbreeding coefficients. Phenotypic comparisons between animals with low and high inbreeding levels revealed a negative effect of inbreeding on growth traits, including birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and average daily gain. These effects were observed regardless of the inbreeding estimation method. Fertility traits were largely unaffected, except for age at first calving, which increased with higher inbreeding. Longevity, measured by the probability of survival across parities, was significantly reduced in inbred animals. Genomic inbreeding showed a greater impact on animals’ fertility and longevity. Notably, when separating recent and ancient genomic inbreeding, the former had a more pronounced effect on growth traits. Similarly, recent inbreeding primarily impacted animal longevity. Genomic inbreeding coefficients provided more granular insights into inbreeding depression, allowing for a better identification of individuals at higher risk of performance reduction. The results highlight the detrimental effects of inbreeding on growth, fertility, and longevity in Limousine cattle, which could have implications for herd productivity and genetic diversity. The study underscores the importance of genomic tools to monitor and manage inbreeding levels. Implementing strategies to control inbreeding accumulation is vital for maintaining genetic variability and ensuring the long-term sustainability of beef cattle populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 101672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Herbivory and the power of phytochemical diversity on animal health","authors":"J.J. Villalba ,&nbsp;R.D. Ramsey ,&nbsp;S. Athanasiadou","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant secondary compounds (<strong>PSCs</strong>) were thought to be waste products of plant metabolism when first identified in the mid-1800 s. Since then, many different roles have been recognized for these chemicals. With regard to their function as defense, PSCs can negatively impact different cellular and metabolic processes in the herbivore, causing illness and reductions in feed intake. This penalty on fitness also applies to other trophic levels, like the microorganisms and parasites that infect herbivores and thus, PSCs at certain doses may function as medicines. In turn, herbivores evolved learning mechanisms to cope with the constant variability in their environment and physiological needs. Under this context, foraging can be viewed as the quest for substances in the external environment that provide homeostatic utility to the animal. For instance, herbivores increase preference for PSC-containing feeds that negatively impact infectious agents (i.e., therapeutic self-medication). Given that some classes of PSCs like polyphenols present antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and prebiotic properties, chronic and sustained consumption of these chemicals results in robust animals that are tolerant to disease (i.e., prophylactic self-medication). Foraging plasticity in terms of the quality and quantity of nutrients ingested in the absence and during sickness may also influence immunocompetence, resistance and resilience to infection, and thus can be interpreted as another form of medication. Finally, self-medicative behaviors can be transmitted through social learning. We suggest that foraging studies will benefit from exploring self-medicative behaviors in chemically diverse plant communities, in particular when considering the vast diversity of PSC structures (more than 200 000) observed in nature. We then lay out a framework for enhancing the medicinal effects of PSCs on grazing herbivores. We propose landscape interventions through the establishment of resource patches or “islands” with a diversity of PSC-containing forages (e.g., legumes, herbs, shrubs) in monotonous rangelands or pasturelands, viewed as a “sea” of low-diversity vegetation devoid of functional biochemicals. Strategies aimed at enhancing the diversity of plant communities lead to heterogeneity in chemical, structural and functional landscape traits that offer options to foragers, and thus allow for balanced diets that maintain and restore health. Beyond animal health, such heterogeneity promotes a broad array of ecosystem services that significantly improve landscape resilience to environmental disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}