首页 > 最新文献

Animal最新文献

英文 中文
Genetic selection for postweaning growth rate shows no relevant negative impact on reproductive performance in breeding rabbit does 断奶后生长速率的遗传选择对种兔的繁殖性能没有相关的负面影响。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101394
P.J. Marín-García , E. Martínez-Paredes , L. Ródenas , T. Larsen , M. Cambra-López , E. Blas , J.J. Pascual
Genetic selection for growth rate has often been related with potential negative effects on various reproductive traits across different species. Using rabbit as a model, this study has evaluated for the first time how genetic selection for growth rate has affected feed efficiency, resource allocation, blood traits, reproductive performance and survival during five reproductive cycles in rabbit does. To this end, we used 88 reproductive rabbit females from two vitrified and rederived populations of the same paternal line, differing only in 18 generations of genetic selection for growth rate (n = 44 for R19V and n = 44 for RV37V). Selection for growth rate did not affect apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients in multiparous lactating rabbit females. However, due to reproductive problems, a higher number of R37V females were culled before the first parturition with respect to R19V females (34 vs 11%, respectively; P < 0.01). At first mating, R37V females showed higher perirenal fat thickness (+5.3%; P < 0.001) but lower non–esterified fatty acids and fructosamine content in the blood (−43.2 and −24.1%, respectively; P < 0.05) than R19V females. R37V females showed increased BW at weaning (+18.4%; P < 0.01). This difference was maintained over the R19V females until the first parturition. In the first reproductive cycle, R37V females exhibited lower fertility (−16.5 percentage points; P < 0.05), but higher prolificacy than R19V females (+1.94 liveborn kits; P < 0.05). Selection for postweaning growth rate did not affect feed intake, milk yield and fertility of reproductive rabbit females throughout the five reproductive cycles. However, R37V females had higher perirenal fat thickness at parturition and 18 and 28 days postpartum than R19V females (+4.7, +3.8 and +3.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). Litters from R37V females tended to have a higher size at birth before standardisation (+1.1 total kits; P < 0.10), as well as heavier litter weight at weaning (+10.4%; P < 0.05), than those from R19V females. In conclusion, genetic selection for postweaning growth rate shows no relevant negative impact on reproductive performance in breeding rabbit does.
生长速率的遗传选择往往与不同物种间各种生殖性状的潜在负面影响有关。本研究首次以家兔为模型,评价了生长速率遗传选择对家兔5个繁殖周期饲料效率、资源配置、血液性状、繁殖性能和存活率的影响。为此,我们使用了来自同一父系的两个玻璃化和再衍生群体的88只生殖兔雌性,在生长速度的遗传选择上只有18代差异(R19V为n = 44, RV37V为n = 44)。生长速率的选择对哺乳期母多产兔营养物质表观消化率没有影响。然而,由于繁殖问题,R37V雌性在第一次分娩前被淘汰的数量高于R19V雌性(分别为34%和11%);P
{"title":"Genetic selection for postweaning growth rate shows no relevant negative impact on reproductive performance in breeding rabbit does","authors":"P.J. Marín-García ,&nbsp;E. Martínez-Paredes ,&nbsp;L. Ródenas ,&nbsp;T. Larsen ,&nbsp;M. Cambra-López ,&nbsp;E. Blas ,&nbsp;J.J. Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic selection for growth rate has often been related with potential negative effects on various reproductive traits across different species. Using rabbit as a model, this study has evaluated for the first time how genetic selection for growth rate has affected feed efficiency, resource allocation, blood traits, reproductive performance and survival during five reproductive cycles in rabbit does. To this end, we used 88 reproductive rabbit females from two vitrified and rederived populations of the same paternal line, differing only in 18 generations of genetic selection for growth rate (n = 44 for R19V and n = 44 for RV37V). Selection for growth rate did not affect apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients in multiparous lactating rabbit females. However, due to reproductive problems, a higher number of R37V females were culled before the first parturition with respect to R19V females (34 vs 11%, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). At first mating, R37V females showed higher perirenal fat thickness (+5.3%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but lower non–esterified fatty acids and fructosamine content in the blood (−43.2 and −24.1%, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than R19V females. R37V females showed increased BW at weaning (+18.4%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). This difference was maintained over the R19V females until the first parturition. In the first reproductive cycle, R37V females exhibited lower fertility (−16.5 percentage points; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but higher prolificacy than R19V females (+1.94 liveborn kits; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Selection for postweaning growth rate did not affect feed intake, milk yield and fertility of reproductive rabbit females throughout the five reproductive cycles. However, R37V females had higher perirenal fat thickness at parturition and 18 and 28 days postpartum than R19V females (+4.7, +3.8 and +3.8%, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Litters from R37V females tended to have a higher size at birth before standardisation (+1.1 total kits; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.10), as well as heavier litter weight at weaning (+10.4%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), than those from R19V females. In conclusion, genetic selection for postweaning growth rate shows no relevant negative impact on reproductive performance in breeding rabbit does.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of multispecies swards on ruminal fermentation, methane emission and potential for climate care cattle farming − an in vitro study 多品种草对瘤胃发酵、甲烷排放及气候变化潜力的影响——体外研究
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101386
M.U. Hassan , P. Sidoruk , D. Lechniak , M. Szumacher-Strabel , J. Bocianowski , S. Ślusarczyk , P.R. Hargreaves , D. Ruska , A. Dorbe , Dz. Kreismane , K. Klumpp , J. Bloor , R.M. Rees , A. Kuipers , P. Galama , Z. Váradyová , K. Čobanová , A. Cieślak
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock ruminants, particularly methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, and indirectly ammonia (NH3) significantly contribute to climate change and global warming. Conventional monoculture swards for cattle feeding, such as perennial ryegrass or Italian ryegrass, usually require substantial fertiliser inputs. Such management elevates soil mineral nitrogen levels, resulting in GHG emissions and potential water contamination. Mitigating the environmental footprint of these farming practices requires sustainable alternative feeding strategies for cattle production. Multispecies grassland swards (grass + legumes or legumes + herbs) represent a promising alternative to monoculture grassland swards for cattle nutrition due to their reduced nitrogen requirements, excellent herbage yield, and polyphenolic compounds (tannins, formononetin, luteolin, quercetin, and acteoside) which may have positive effects on animals. This study investigated the effects of selected multispecies grassland swards (plant blends) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and DM digestibility. Three experimental blends of plants cultivated without fertilisers were utilised: (1) perennial ryegrass (PRG) + red clover (RC), (2) chicory (C) + red clover (RC), and (3) Tonic plantain (PLA) + red clover (RC). The control blend included perennial ryegrass (PRG), and red clover (RC) cultivated with fertiliser. The in vitro trial showed a reduction in CH4 production and ruminal NH3 concentration (by 14.7 and 28.8%, respectively; P < 0.01) in the PLA+RC blend compared to the control. This plant blend also increased propionate concentration (P < 0.05) and reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations and the acetate-propionate ratio (P < 0.01). Additionally, the total protozoal and methanogen counts were mostly reduced by the PLA+RC blend (P < 0.01) among all blends investigated. In conclusion, the Tonic plantain and red clover blend (PLA+RC) cultivated without fertilisers have the potential to be utilised as a sustainable alternative feed source for climate-friendly cattle production, aligning with the aims of the European Climate Care Cattle Farming project.
家畜反刍动物的温室气体(GHG)排放,特别是甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮和间接氨(NH3)的排放,对气候变化和全球变暖起到了重要作用。饲养牛的传统单一作物,如多年生黑麦草或意大利黑麦草,通常需要大量的肥料投入。这种管理提高了土壤矿物氮水平,导致温室气体排放和潜在的水污染。要减轻这些耕作方式的环境足迹,就需要可持续的替代养牛战略。多品种草地草(草+豆科植物或豆科植物+草本植物)具有较低的氮需求、优异的牧草产量和对动物有益的多酚类化合物(单宁、刺芒柄花素、木犀草素、槲皮素和毛蕊花苷),是替代单一栽培草地草的理想选择。本试验研究了选择的多品种草地草(植物混合物)对体外瘤胃发酵和干物质消化率的影响。采用3种不施肥栽培植物的试验组合:(1)多年生黑麦草(PRG) +红三叶草(RC),(2)菊苣(C) +红三叶草(RC),(3)补车前草(PLA) +红三叶草(RC)。对照品种为多年生黑麦草(PRG)和施肥栽培的红三叶草(RC)。体外试验表明,CH4产量和瘤胃NH3浓度分别降低14.7%和28.8%;P
{"title":"Effect of multispecies swards on ruminal fermentation, methane emission and potential for climate care cattle farming − an in vitro study","authors":"M.U. Hassan ,&nbsp;P. Sidoruk ,&nbsp;D. Lechniak ,&nbsp;M. Szumacher-Strabel ,&nbsp;J. Bocianowski ,&nbsp;S. Ślusarczyk ,&nbsp;P.R. Hargreaves ,&nbsp;D. Ruska ,&nbsp;A. Dorbe ,&nbsp;Dz. Kreismane ,&nbsp;K. Klumpp ,&nbsp;J. Bloor ,&nbsp;R.M. Rees ,&nbsp;A. Kuipers ,&nbsp;P. Galama ,&nbsp;Z. Váradyová ,&nbsp;K. Čobanová ,&nbsp;A. Cieślak","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenhouse gas (<strong>GHG</strong>) emissions from livestock ruminants, particularly methane (<strong>CH<sub>4</sub></strong>), nitrous oxide, and indirectly ammonia (<strong>NH<sub>3</sub></strong>) significantly contribute to climate change and global warming. Conventional monoculture swards for cattle feeding, such as perennial ryegrass or Italian ryegrass, usually require substantial fertiliser inputs. Such management elevates soil mineral nitrogen levels, resulting in GHG emissions and potential water contamination. Mitigating the environmental footprint of these farming practices requires sustainable alternative feeding strategies for cattle production. Multispecies grassland swards (grass + legumes or legumes + herbs) represent a promising alternative to monoculture grassland swards for cattle nutrition due to their reduced nitrogen requirements, excellent herbage yield, and polyphenolic compounds (tannins, formononetin, luteolin, quercetin, and acteoside) which may have positive effects on animals. This study investigated the effects of selected multispecies grassland swards (plant blends) on <em>in vitro</em> ruminal fermentation and DM digestibility. Three experimental blends of plants cultivated without fertilisers were utilised: (1) perennial ryegrass (<strong>PRG</strong>) + red clover (<strong>RC</strong>), (2) chicory (<strong>C</strong>) + red clover (RC), and (3) Tonic plantain (<strong>PLA</strong>) + red clover (RC). The control blend included perennial ryegrass (PRG), and red clover (RC) cultivated with fertiliser. The <em>in vitro</em> trial showed a reduction in CH<sub>4</sub> production and ruminal NH<sub>3</sub> concentration (by 14.7 and 28.8%, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the PLA+RC blend compared to the control. This plant blend also increased propionate concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations and the acetate-propionate ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Additionally, the total protozoal and methanogen counts were mostly reduced by the PLA+RC blend (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) among all blends investigated. In conclusion, the Tonic plantain and red clover blend (PLA+RC) cultivated without fertilisers have the potential to be utilised as a sustainable alternative feed source for climate-friendly cattle production, aligning with the aims of the European Climate Care Cattle Farming project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving genomic prediction accuracy of pig reproductive traits based on genotype imputation using preselected markers with different imputation platforms 基于不同输入平台预选标记基因型输入提高猪生殖性状基因组预测精度
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101387
J. Sun , J. Wei , Y. Pan , M. Cao , X. Li , J. Xiao , G. Yang , T. Yu
Genomic prediction has been widely applied to the pig industry and has greatly accelerated the progress of genetic improvement in pigs. With the development of sequencing technology and price reduction, more and more genotype imputation panels of pig have been investigated, providing an effective and economical method to further study the genetic variation of pig economic traits. In this study, the imputation from 80 k Single Nucleotide Polymorphism chip data of 832 Large White pigs to whole-genome sequencing genotypes was performed by Swine Imputation Server, Pig Haplotypes Reference Panel (PHARP), Animal Genotype Imputation Database and 1k-pig-genomes four thousand-pig imputation panels. Then, linkage disequilibrium (LD) pruning and genome-wide association study (GWAS) preselected markers strategies were utilised to compare the genomic prediction accuracy of the different imputation data for reproductive traits, respectively. Our results showed that the PHARP panel exhibited the best genomic prediction accuracy among the four imputation panels. Meanwhile, the genomic prediction accuracy of the imputation data can be further improved by utilising the LD pruning and GWAS preselected marker strategies. In conclusion, our study provides insights into imputation data for pig genetic breeding.
基因组预测已广泛应用于养猪业,极大地促进了猪的遗传改良进程。随着测序技术的发展和价格的降低,越来越多的猪基因型植入面板被研究,为进一步研究猪经济性状的遗传变异提供了一种有效而经济的方法。本研究通过猪输入服务器、猪单倍型参考面板(PHARP)、动物基因型输入数据库和k-猪基因组4千头猪输入面板,将832头大型白猪的80 k单核苷酸多态性芯片数据进行全基因组测序基因型的输入。然后,利用连锁不平衡(LD)修剪和全基因组关联研究(GWAS)预选标记策略,分别比较了不同输入数据对生殖性状的基因组预测精度。结果表明,在4个基因组图谱中,PHARP图谱的基因组预测精度最高。同时,利用LD剪枝和GWAS预选标记策略可以进一步提高输入数据的基因组预测精度。总之,我们的研究为猪遗传育种的插补数据提供了见解。
{"title":"Improving genomic prediction accuracy of pig reproductive traits based on genotype imputation using preselected markers with different imputation platforms","authors":"J. Sun ,&nbsp;J. Wei ,&nbsp;Y. Pan ,&nbsp;M. Cao ,&nbsp;X. Li ,&nbsp;J. Xiao ,&nbsp;G. Yang ,&nbsp;T. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genomic prediction has been widely applied to the pig industry and has greatly accelerated the progress of genetic improvement in pigs. With the development of sequencing technology and price reduction, more and more genotype imputation panels of pig have been investigated, providing an effective and economical method to further study the genetic variation of pig economic traits. In this study, the imputation from 80 k Single Nucleotide Polymorphism chip data of 832 Large White pigs to whole-genome sequencing genotypes was performed by Swine Imputation Server, Pig Haplotypes Reference Panel (<strong>PHARP</strong>), Animal Genotype Imputation Database and 1k-pig-genomes four thousand-pig imputation panels. Then, linkage disequilibrium (<strong>LD</strong>) pruning and genome-wide association study (<strong>GWAS</strong>) preselected markers strategies were utilised to compare the genomic prediction accuracy of the different imputation data for reproductive traits, respectively. Our results showed that the PHARP panel exhibited the best genomic prediction accuracy among the four imputation panels. Meanwhile, the genomic prediction accuracy of the imputation data can be further improved by utilising the LD pruning and GWAS preselected marker strategies. In conclusion, our study provides insights into imputation data for pig genetic breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public acceptance of microbiome management strategy in dairy calves: a European survey on colostrum, probiotic provision and prolonged cow-calf contact 公众对奶牛犊牛微生物组管理策略的接受程度:关于牛初乳、益生菌供应和奶牛与犊牛长时间接触的欧洲调查。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101380
A. Ait Sidhoum , A. Stygar , F. Bedoin , J.K. Niemi
The microbiome plays a crucial role in the calves’ early stages of life. Several management practices can be considered to enhance the development and composition of the microbiome in calves. However, their social acceptance is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the public acceptance of innovative microbiome management practices aimed at improving the health and welfare of calves and to assess the factors influencing these levels of acceptance. Data used in the analysis were obtained from an online survey conducted in July 2023. The final sample consists of 3 220 citizens from four EU countries (Finland = 813, France = 803, Ireland = 801 and Poland = 803). Participants were asked to assess four management practices designed to improve calves’ health and welfare: (1) using colostrum, (2) providing mix probiotics powder, (3) providing probiotics as yogurt or kefir and (4) prolonged cow-calf contact. Participants were provided with different levels of information: one group received only a short description of the intervention, while the other group received both the intervention description and information on aspects such as potential costs and environmental impact of the intervention. Participants were asked to rate the acceptance on a standardised scale ranging from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating “strongly agree” and 5 indicating “strongly disagree”. Additionally, the participants were questioned about their socio-demographic background (e.g. age, education). They were also asked to provide their perspectives on various dimensions concerning familiarity with farming and microbiome, food safety, environmental awareness, cost consideration, and cultural perspective of consuming dairy products. Obtained data were analysed using the ordinary least squares regression model. The findings reveal that prolonged cow-calf contact was the most acceptable measure among tested interventions in all countries (79% of responders agreed or strongly agreed). Attitudinal and socio-economic variables were found to have a differential effect across the studied management strategies. For instance, individuals with greater familiarity with farming systems and microbiomes were more inclined to accept all four interventions, while women, compared to men, showed higher acceptance of prolonged cow-calf contact. Results also indicate that the provision of additional information to the participants was associated with a decrease in the acceptance of the measures. In conclusion, the public’s perceptions regarding microbiome management strategies in dairy calves are shaped by complex factors. Also, our discussion emphasises the importance of clarity and transparency of messages, ethical dissemination of scientific knowledge, and the necessity for balanced and coherent communication.
微生物群在小牛生命的早期阶段起着至关重要的作用。可以考虑采取几种管理措施来促进犊牛微生物群的发育和组成。然而,他们的社会接受程度在很大程度上是未知的。本研究的目的是调查公众对旨在改善小牛健康和福利的创新微生物组管理实践的接受程度,并评估影响这些接受程度的因素。分析中使用的数据来自于2023年7月进行的一项在线调查。最终样本包括来自四个欧盟国家的3220名公民(芬兰= 813,法国= 803,爱尔兰= 801,波兰= 803)。参与者被要求评估四种旨在改善小牛健康和福利的管理方法:(1)使用初乳,(2)提供混合益生菌粉,(3)提供益生菌酸奶或开菲尔,(4)长时间的牛-小牛接触。参与者被提供了不同程度的信息:一组只收到了干预措施的简短描述,而另一组既收到了干预措施的描述,也收到了干预措施的潜在成本和环境影响等方面的信息。参与者被要求按照1到5的标准尺度对接受度进行评分,1表示“非常同意”,5表示“非常不同意”。此外,参与者还被问及他们的社会人口背景(如年龄、教育程度)。他们还被要求提供他们对农业和微生物组的熟悉程度、食品安全、环境意识、成本考虑和消费乳制品的文化观点等各个方面的观点。所得数据采用普通最小二乘回归模型进行分析。调查结果显示,在所有国家的测试干预措施中,长时间的牛-小牛接触是最可接受的措施(79%的应答者同意或强烈同意)。态度和社会经济变量被发现在研究的管理策略中有不同的影响。例如,对农业系统和微生物组更熟悉的个体更倾向于接受所有四种干预措施,而与男性相比,女性对长时间的牛-小牛接触表现出更高的接受度。结果还表明,向参与者提供额外的信息与对这些措施的接受程度的降低有关。总之,公众对奶牛微生物组管理策略的看法受到复杂因素的影响。此外,我们的讨论强调了信息清晰和透明的重要性,科学知识的道德传播,以及平衡和连贯沟通的必要性。
{"title":"Public acceptance of microbiome management strategy in dairy calves: a European survey on colostrum, probiotic provision and prolonged cow-calf contact","authors":"A. Ait Sidhoum ,&nbsp;A. Stygar ,&nbsp;F. Bedoin ,&nbsp;J.K. Niemi","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microbiome plays a crucial role in the calves’ early stages of life. Several management practices can be considered to enhance the development and composition of the microbiome in calves. However, their social acceptance is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the public acceptance of innovative microbiome management practices aimed at improving the health and welfare of calves and to assess the factors influencing these levels of acceptance. Data used in the analysis were obtained from an online survey conducted in July 2023. The final sample consists of 3 220 citizens from four EU countries (Finland = 813, France = 803, Ireland = 801 and Poland = 803). Participants were asked to assess four management practices designed to improve calves’ health and welfare: (1) using colostrum, (2) providing mix probiotics powder, (3) providing probiotics as yogurt or kefir and (4) prolonged cow-calf contact. Participants were provided with different levels of information: one group received only a short description of the intervention, while the other group received both the intervention description and information on aspects such as potential costs and environmental impact of the intervention. Participants were asked to rate the acceptance on a standardised scale ranging from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating “strongly agree” and 5 indicating “strongly disagree”. Additionally, the participants were questioned about their socio-demographic background (e.g. age, education). They were also asked to provide their perspectives on various dimensions concerning familiarity with farming and microbiome, food safety, environmental awareness, cost consideration, and cultural perspective of consuming dairy products. Obtained data were analysed using the ordinary least squares regression model. The findings reveal that prolonged cow-calf contact was the most acceptable measure among tested interventions in all countries (79% of responders agreed or strongly agreed). Attitudinal and socio-economic variables were found to have a differential effect across the studied management strategies. For instance, individuals with greater familiarity with farming systems and microbiomes were more inclined to accept all four interventions, while women, compared to men, showed higher acceptance of prolonged cow-calf contact. Results also indicate that the provision of additional information to the participants was associated with a decrease in the acceptance of the measures. In conclusion, the public’s perceptions regarding microbiome management strategies in dairy calves are shaped by complex factors. Also, our discussion emphasises the importance of clarity and transparency of messages, ethical dissemination of scientific knowledge, and the necessity for balanced and coherent communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating reproduction traits in a crossbreeding program between indigenous and exotic sheep in semi-arid lands 半干旱区本地羊与外来羊杂交繁殖性状的评价。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101391
E. Oyieng , J.M.K. Ojango , M. Gauly , R. Mrode , R. Dooso , A.M. Okeyo , C. Kalinda , S. König
Reproduction traits are important factors determining the efficiency of any sheep production system. This study evaluates the age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), litter weight at birth (LBWT), litter weight at weaning (LWWT), birth weight of ewe (EBWT) and weaning weight of ewes (EWWT) in a crossbreeding program between the Red Maasai (RRRR) and Dorper sheep and their crosses, 75% Dorper and 50% Dorper (DDRR) breeds. All the traits significantly (P < 0.05) differed across breeds and season of birth of the ewe. LBWT and LWWT were significantly affected by the sex of the lamb, type of birth of the lamb and parity in which the lambs were born in. AFL and LI had very high environmental variances. Overall heritability estimates of AFL (0.09 ± 0.04) and LI (0.00 ± 0.01) were not significant from zero while the heritability estimates for EBWT (0.38 ± 0.04), EWWT (0.23 ± 0.03), LBWT (0.19 ± 0.03) and LWWT (0.09 ± 0.02) were significant (P < 0.05). The RRRR had the highest genetic gain for all traits while the DDRR had a higher genetic gain among the crosses. LI had negative genetic correlations with LBWT (−0.53 ± 0.08) and LWWT (−0.28 ± 19.59) while AFL had positive genetic correlations with LBWT (0.27 ± 0.46) and LWWT (0.31 ± 0.34). The phenotypic trends for AFL and LWWT showed a negative and positive association, respectively, with the rainfall index over the years. With proper farm management, improved reproduction performance of ewes is possible by indirect selection using LBWT and LWWT for the Red Maasai, Dorper and their crosses within the semi-arid lands.
繁殖性状是决定任何绵羊生产系统效率的重要因素。研究了红马赛羊(RRRR)与杜珀羊及其杂交品种、75%杜珀羊和50%杜珀羊(DDRR)的初羔龄(AFL)、产羔间隔(LI)、初生窝重(LBWT)、断奶窝重(LWWT)、母羊初生重(EBWT)和断奶重(EWWT)。所有性状均显著(P
{"title":"Evaluating reproduction traits in a crossbreeding program between indigenous and exotic sheep in semi-arid lands","authors":"E. Oyieng ,&nbsp;J.M.K. Ojango ,&nbsp;M. Gauly ,&nbsp;R. Mrode ,&nbsp;R. Dooso ,&nbsp;A.M. Okeyo ,&nbsp;C. Kalinda ,&nbsp;S. König","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reproduction traits are important factors determining the efficiency of any sheep production system. This study evaluates the age at first lambing (<strong>AFL</strong>), lambing interval (<strong>LI</strong>), litter weight at birth (<strong>LBWT</strong>), litter weight at weaning (<strong>LWWT</strong>), birth weight of ewe (<strong>EBWT</strong>) and weaning weight of ewes (<strong>EWWT</strong>) in a crossbreeding program between the Red Maasai (<strong>RRRR</strong>) and Dorper sheep and their crosses, 75% Dorper and 50% Dorper (<strong>DDRR)</strong> breeds. All the traits significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) differed across breeds and season of birth of the ewe. LBWT and LWWT were significantly affected by the sex of the lamb, type of birth of the lamb and parity in which the lambs were born in. AFL and LI had very high environmental variances. Overall heritability estimates of AFL (0.09 ± 0.04) and LI (0.00 ± 0.01) were not significant from zero while the heritability estimates for EBWT (0.38 ± 0.04), EWWT (0.23 ± 0.03), LBWT (0.19 ± 0.03) and LWWT (0.09 ± 0.02) were significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The RRRR had the highest genetic gain for all traits while the DDRR had a higher genetic gain among the crosses. LI had negative genetic correlations with LBWT (−0.53 ± 0.08) and LWWT (−0.28 ± 19.59) while AFL had positive genetic correlations with LBWT (0.27 ± 0.46) and LWWT (0.31 ± 0.34). The phenotypic trends for AFL and LWWT showed a negative and positive association, respectively, with the rainfall index over the years. With proper farm management, improved reproduction performance of ewes is possible by indirect selection using LBWT and LWWT for the Red Maasai, Dorper and their crosses within the semi-arid lands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genomic insights into the specialisation and selection of the Jinding duck 金顶鸭的特化和选择的基因组见解。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101374
H. Chen , Y. Huang , J. Xue, K. luo, H. Tang, S. Zheng, Y. Xiong, Y. Wu, J. Li, R. Xuan, R. Xiong, Y. Gong, X. Fang, L. Wang, J. Miao, J. Zhou, H. Tan, Y. Wang, L. Wu, J. Ouyang, X. Yan
The domestication of ducks represents a pivotal evolutionary shift from the unguided propagation of wild species to deliberate human-mediated selection, culminating in distinct behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits that differentiate domesticated ducks from their wild counterparts. This transition has yielded breeds with traits fine-tuned to specific economic roles, such as egg production, meat yield, or dual-purpose functionality. Duck domestication plays a significant role in poultry production globally, meeting the growing demand for eggs and meat in various regions. Here, we focus on the Jinding Duck (JDD), a breed renowned for its prolific egg-laying traits. Employing whole-genome resequencing data from 325 individuals across five Chinese indigenous duck breeds, we aimed to dissect the unique population structure and assess the genetic diversity within the JDD cohort. The findings reveal the distinct genetic heritage of JDD, diverged from other domesticated breeds, and show a relative paucity of genetic diversity. A salient discovery was a 200 kb genomic interval containing three genes (NCF2, SMG7, and ARPC5) with almost exclusive haplotypes, which were inherited from Anas platyrhynchos or Anas zonorhyncha, impacting the morphological attributes of JDD. The study highlights a c.28G>A non−synonymous mutation in the first exon of the LAMC1 gene, which is potentially influencing feather morphology in JDD. Our findings suggest that unique blue eggshell colouration in JDD is likely attributable to variations within the promoter element of the ABCG2 gene, distinguishing it from other breeds. Moreover, the MAP7 and FHL1 genes emerge as significant factors in the laying performance of JDD. These genetic insights are not only crucial for improving the JDD breed but also provide valuable information that could be applied to duck breeding programmes worldwide, helping enhance productivity and meet international demands for high-efficiency poultry breeds.
鸭子的驯化代表了一个关键的进化转变,从野生物种的无指导繁殖到人为介导的选择,最终形成了独特的行为、形态和生理特征,将家养鸭子与野生鸭子区分开来。这种转变产生了具有特定经济角色特征的品种,如产蛋、产肉或双重功能。鸭的驯化在全球家禽生产中发挥着重要作用,满足了各个地区对蛋和肉日益增长的需求。在这里,我们关注的是金顶鸭(JDD),这是一个以多产产蛋而闻名的品种。利用来自5个中国本土鸭品种的325只个体的全基因组重测序数据,我们旨在剖析独特的种群结构并评估JDD队列中的遗传多样性。这些发现揭示了JDD的独特遗传遗传,与其他驯化品种不同,并且显示出相对缺乏遗传多样性。一个重要的发现是在200 kb的基因组区间内,包含三个基因(NCF2、SMG7和ARPC5),它们具有几乎完全的单倍型,遗传自platyrhynchos或zonorhyncha,影响了JDD的形态属性。该研究强调了LAMC1基因第一外显子的c.28G> a非同义突变,这可能会影响JDD的羽毛形态。我们的研究结果表明,JDD独特的蓝色蛋壳颜色可能归因于ABCG2基因启动子元件的变异,将其与其他品种区分开来。此外,MAP7和FHL1基因是影响JDD产蛋性能的重要因素。这些遗传见解不仅对改进JDD品种至关重要,而且还提供了有价值的信息,可用于世界各地的鸭育种计划,帮助提高生产力并满足国际上对高效家禽品种的需求。
{"title":"Genomic insights into the specialisation and selection of the Jinding duck","authors":"H. Chen ,&nbsp;Y. Huang ,&nbsp;J. Xue,&nbsp;K. luo,&nbsp;H. Tang,&nbsp;S. Zheng,&nbsp;Y. Xiong,&nbsp;Y. Wu,&nbsp;J. Li,&nbsp;R. Xuan,&nbsp;R. Xiong,&nbsp;Y. Gong,&nbsp;X. Fang,&nbsp;L. Wang,&nbsp;J. Miao,&nbsp;J. Zhou,&nbsp;H. Tan,&nbsp;Y. Wang,&nbsp;L. Wu,&nbsp;J. Ouyang,&nbsp;X. Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The domestication of ducks represents a pivotal evolutionary shift from the unguided propagation of wild species to deliberate human-mediated selection, culminating in distinct behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits that differentiate domesticated ducks from their wild counterparts. This transition has yielded breeds with traits fine-tuned to specific economic roles, such as egg production, meat yield, or dual-purpose functionality. Duck domestication plays a significant role in poultry production globally, meeting the growing demand for eggs and meat in various regions. Here, we focus on the Jinding Duck (<strong>JDD</strong>), a breed renowned for its prolific egg-laying traits. Employing whole-genome resequencing data from 325 individuals across five Chinese indigenous duck breeds, we aimed to dissect the unique population structure and assess the genetic diversity within the JDD cohort. The findings reveal the distinct genetic heritage of JDD, diverged from other domesticated breeds, and show a relative paucity of genetic diversity. A salient discovery was a 200 kb genomic interval containing three genes (<em>NCF2</em>, <em>SMG7</em>, and <em>ARPC5</em>) with almost exclusive haplotypes, which were inherited from <em>Anas platyrhynchos</em> or <em>Anas zonorhyncha</em>, impacting the morphological attributes of JDD. The study highlights a c.28G&gt;A non−synonymous mutation in the first exon of the <em>LAMC1</em> gene, which is potentially influencing feather morphology in JDD. Our findings suggest that unique blue eggshell colouration in JDD is likely attributable to variations within the promoter element of the <em>ABCG2</em> gene, distinguishing it from other breeds. Moreover, the <em>MAP7</em> and <em>FHL1</em> genes emerge as significant factors in the laying performance of JDD. These genetic insights are not only crucial for improving the JDD breed but also provide valuable information that could be applied to duck breeding programmes worldwide, helping enhance productivity and meet international demands for high-efficiency poultry breeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy-aware feature and classifier for behaviour recognition of laying hens in an aviary system 用于识别禽舍系统中蛋鸡行为的能量感知特征和分类器。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101377
X. Yang , Q. Hu , L. Nie , C. Wang
Long-term monitoring of animal behaviours requires energy-aware features and classifiers to support onboard classification. However, limited studies have been conducted on the behaviour recognition of laying hens, especially in aviary systems. The objective of this study was to configure key parameters for developing onboard behaviour monitoring techniques of aviary laying hens, including proper sliding window length, energy-aware feature, and lightweight classifier. A total of 19 Jingfen No.6 laying hens were reared in an aviary system from day 30 to day 70. Six light-weight accelerometers were attached to the back of birds for behaviour monitoring with a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. Laying hen behaviours were categorised into four groups, including static behaviour (resting and standing), ingestive behaviour (feeding and drinking), walking, and jumping. Two different window lengths (0.5 and 1 s) were tested. The SD of each axial acceleration was considered the only classification feature. The results indicated that performing denoise procedure before feature extraction can improve the classification accuracy by 10–20%. The 1-s window length yielded better accuracy than the 0.5-s window, especially for ingestive and walking behaviours. Classification models based on X-axis accelerations were better than those of Y- and Z-axis with the recognition accuracies of static, ingestive, walking, and jumping behaviours being 97.4, 89.6, 95.7, and 98.5%, respectively. The study might provide insights into developing onboard behaviour recognition algorithms for laying hens.
长期监测动物行为需要能量感知功能和分类器来支持船上分类。然而,对蛋鸡行为识别的研究有限,特别是在鸟舍系统中。本研究的目的是为开发鸟舍蛋鸡机载行为监测技术配置关键参数,包括适当的滑动窗长度、能量感知功能和轻量级分类器。试验于第30 ~ 70天在鸟舍系统中饲养精芬6号蛋鸡19只。6个轻型加速度计安装在鸟类的背部,以20赫兹的采样频率进行行为监测。蛋鸡的行为分为四组,包括静态行为(休息和站立)、摄食行为(喂食和饮水)、行走和跳跃。测试了两种不同的窗长(0.5和1s)。每个轴向加速度的标准差被认为是唯一的分类特征。结果表明,在特征提取前进行去噪处理可使分类准确率提高10-20%。1秒的窗口长度比0.5秒的窗口具有更好的准确性,特别是对于进食和行走行为。基于x轴加速度的分类模型对静止、摄食、行走和跳跃行为的识别准确率分别为97.4、89.6、95.7和98.5%,优于基于Y轴和z轴的分类模型。这项研究可能为开发蛋鸡的机载行为识别算法提供见解。
{"title":"Energy-aware feature and classifier for behaviour recognition of laying hens in an aviary system","authors":"X. Yang ,&nbsp;Q. Hu ,&nbsp;L. Nie ,&nbsp;C. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term monitoring of animal behaviours requires energy-aware features and classifiers to support onboard classification. However, limited studies have been conducted on the behaviour recognition of laying hens, especially in aviary systems. The objective of this study was to configure key parameters for developing onboard behaviour monitoring techniques of aviary laying hens, including proper sliding window length, energy-aware feature, and lightweight classifier. A total of 19 Jingfen No.6 laying hens were reared in an aviary system from day 30 to day 70. Six light-weight accelerometers were attached to the back of birds for behaviour monitoring with a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. Laying hen behaviours were categorised into four groups, including static behaviour (resting and standing), ingestive behaviour (feeding and drinking), walking, and jumping. Two different window lengths (0.5 and 1 s) were tested. The SD of each axial acceleration was considered the only classification feature. The results indicated that performing denoise procedure before feature extraction can improve the classification accuracy by 10–20%. The 1-s window length yielded better accuracy than the 0.5-s window, especially for ingestive and walking behaviours. Classification models based on X-axis accelerations were better than those of Y- and Z-axis with the recognition accuracies of static, ingestive, walking, and jumping behaviours being 97.4, 89.6, 95.7, and 98.5%, respectively. The study might provide insights into developing onboard behaviour recognition algorithms for laying hens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review: Feed efficiency and metabolic flexibility in livestock 回顾:家畜的饲料效率和代谢灵活性。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101376
W.M. Rauw , L.H. Baumgard , J.C.M. Dekkers
Improving the conversion of feed into product has been a key focus of genetic improvement in all livestock species. Livestock feed efficiency is the amount of product produced per unit of feed intake. Feed efficiency also depends on processes that are not directly related to economically important phenotypes, which can be considered ‘waste’ from a production point of view but are vital maintenance-related functions that are closely associated with environmental flexibility and adaptation. Resource allocation theory suggests that an animal’s resource budget is narrowed when production efficiency is improved through an increase in productive output, along with a decrease in feed intake (capacity) and body reserves (improved leanness). The resulting trade-offs between productivity and vital functions may render the animal less capable of responding to unexpected challenges, potentially leading to negative side effects that are not directly related to economically important phenotypes. However, selection for feed efficiency may not narrow the metabolic space and result in trade-offs if the increase in feed efficiency is the result of increased metabolic flexibility in fuel substrate choice (carbohydrates, lipids, and/or proteins) and other energy-saving strategies. This review evaluates the relationship between metabolic flexibility and feed efficiency during anabolism (growth), fasting, immune activation, general stress, and heat stress, with a focus on pig production. We start with a brief overview of energy processes and substrate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. During muscle metabolism, the type of fuel used depends on fibre type characteristics of the muscle. Selection for improved meat production has resulted in pigs with a greater abundance of fast-twitch fibres with lower energy expenditure and higher metabolic efficiency. Metabolic flexibility for adaptation to disease, and response to regular stress implies that a more reactive immune response and reduced fear response results in higher feed efficiency. The examples presented in this review show that selection for improved feed efficiency does not necessarily narrow the metabolic space and result in trade-offs between productivity and vital functions because of energy−sparing mechanisms.
改善饲料转化为产品一直是所有牲畜品种遗传改良的一个重点。牲畜饲料效率是指每单位采食量所产生的产品数量。饲料效率还取决于与经济上重要的表型没有直接关系的过程,从生产的角度来看,这些过程可以被认为是“浪费”,但却是与环境灵活性和适应性密切相关的重要维持功能。资源分配理论认为,当通过提高生产产出来提高生产效率,同时减少采食量(能力)和身体储备(改善瘦度)时,动物的资源预算就会缩小。由此产生的生产力和生命功能之间的权衡可能使动物对意外挑战的反应能力下降,可能导致与经济上重要的表型没有直接关系的负面副作用。然而,如果饲料效率的提高是燃料底物选择(碳水化合物、脂质和/或蛋白质)和其他节能策略增加代谢灵活性的结果,那么饲料效率的选择可能不会缩小代谢空间,并导致权衡。本文综述了合成代谢(生长)、禁食、免疫激活、一般应激和热应激期间代谢灵活性与饲料效率之间的关系,并以猪生产为重点。我们首先简要概述了碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质的能量过程和底物代谢。在肌肉代谢过程中,所使用的燃料类型取决于肌肉纤维类型的特征。为提高肉品产量而进行的选择使猪的快肌纤维更丰富,能量消耗更低,代谢效率更高。适应疾病的代谢灵活性和对常规应激的反应表明,反应性更强的免疫反应和减少的恐惧反应会导致更高的饲料效率。这篇综述中的例子表明,为了提高饲料效率而进行的选择并不一定会缩小代谢空间,也不会因为能量节约机制而导致生产力和重要功能之间的权衡。
{"title":"Review: Feed efficiency and metabolic flexibility in livestock","authors":"W.M. Rauw ,&nbsp;L.H. Baumgard ,&nbsp;J.C.M. Dekkers","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the conversion of feed into product has been a key focus of genetic improvement in all livestock species. Livestock feed efficiency is the amount of product produced per unit of feed intake. Feed efficiency also depends on processes that are not directly related to economically important phenotypes, which can be considered ‘waste’ from a production point of view but are vital maintenance-related functions that are closely associated with environmental flexibility and adaptation. Resource allocation theory suggests that an animal’s resource budget is narrowed when production efficiency is improved through an increase in productive output, along with a decrease in feed intake (capacity) and body reserves (improved leanness). The resulting trade-offs between productivity and vital functions may render the animal less capable of responding to unexpected challenges, potentially leading to negative side effects that are not directly related to economically important phenotypes. However, selection for feed efficiency may not narrow the metabolic space and result in trade-offs if the increase in feed efficiency is the result of increased metabolic flexibility in fuel substrate choice (carbohydrates, lipids, and/or proteins) and other energy-saving strategies. This review evaluates the relationship between metabolic flexibility and feed efficiency during anabolism (growth), fasting, immune activation, general stress, and heat stress, with a focus on pig production. We start with a brief overview of energy processes and substrate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. During muscle metabolism, the type of fuel used depends on fibre type characteristics of the muscle. Selection for improved meat production has resulted in pigs with a greater abundance of fast-twitch fibres with lower energy expenditure and higher metabolic efficiency. Metabolic flexibility for adaptation to disease, and response to regular stress implies that a more reactive immune response and reduced fear response results in higher feed efficiency. The examples presented in this review show that selection for improved feed efficiency does not necessarily narrow the metabolic space and result in trade-offs between productivity and vital functions because of energy−sparing mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lysine requirement of weaned piglets 断奶仔猪赖氨酸需要量。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101323
S. Goethals , P. Bikker , J.H.M. Rijpert , B. Ampe , J.W. Spek , S. Millet
Lysine, often referred to as the ‘first limiting amino acid’ in pig nutrition, plays a pivotal role in growth performance. Variability in lysine requirements arises due to factors such as age, sex and environmental conditions. Optimising pig health and production efficiency and minimising nitrogen excretion require accurate knowledge of estimated lysine requirements accounting for factors such as genetics, feeding practices, scientific advancements, and environmental considerations. This study aimed to determine standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine requirements of weaned piglets (5–30 kg) based on a literature review using meta-analytical approaches. The literature review yielded 344 studies that were screened for title and abstract. In total, 41 experiments met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a dataset of 206 treatment means. Linear, quadratic and linear-plateau models were used to gain insight into the effect of SID lysine addition on average daily gain and feed efficiency for the combined dataset and separately for the individual experiments. Regression analysis showed a predominant linear increase in average daily gain and feed efficiency as an overall response to increasing lysine levels across both the combined dataset and individual experiments. Breakpoint estimation from the linear-plateau models was inconclusive, indicating that the optimal SID lysine requirement to maximise piglet growth performance likely exceeded the upper lysine levels tested in most studies, thus surpassing 1.3 g SID lysine per MJ net energy. This review indicates high values for the lysine requirement to achieve maximum growth performance. Results may suggest that piglet feed formulation should focus on an optimal dietary SID lysine to CP ratio, rather than SID lysine per kg of diet or unit of net energy. However, more research is needed to investigate this suggestion.
赖氨酸通常被称为猪营养中的“第一限制性氨基酸”,在生长性能中起着关键作用。赖氨酸需求的变化是由年龄、性别和环境条件等因素引起的。优化猪的健康和生产效率,最大限度地减少氮排泄,需要准确了解估计赖氨酸需求,考虑到遗传、饲养方法、科学进步和环境考虑等因素。本研究旨在通过荟萃分析方法,在文献综述的基础上确定断奶仔猪(5-30 kg)的标准化回肠可消化赖氨酸需要量。文献综述产生了344项研究,对标题和摘要进行了筛选。总共有41个实验符合纳入标准,得到206个处理方法的数据集。采用线性、二次和线性平台模型,对组合数据集和单独实验分别研究SID赖氨酸添加对平均日增重和饲料效率的影响。回归分析显示,在组合数据集和单个实验中,平均日增重和饲料效率的总体响应是赖氨酸水平的提高。线性平台模型的断点估计不确定,表明最大化仔猪生长性能的最佳SID赖氨酸需取量可能超过大多数研究中测试的赖氨酸上限水平,从而超过每MJ净能量1.3 g SID赖氨酸。这一综述表明,为了达到最大的生长性能,赖氨酸的需要量很高。由此可见,仔猪饲料配方应以饲粮中最佳SID赖氨酸/粗蛋白质比为重点,而不是以每千克饲粮中SID赖氨酸或单位净能量为重点。然而,需要更多的研究来调查这一建议。
{"title":"Lysine requirement of weaned piglets","authors":"S. Goethals ,&nbsp;P. Bikker ,&nbsp;J.H.M. Rijpert ,&nbsp;B. Ampe ,&nbsp;J.W. Spek ,&nbsp;S. Millet","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lysine, often referred to as the ‘first limiting amino acid’ in pig nutrition, plays a pivotal role in growth performance. Variability in lysine requirements arises due to factors such as age, sex and environmental conditions. Optimising pig health and production efficiency and minimising nitrogen excretion require accurate knowledge of estimated lysine requirements accounting for factors such as genetics, feeding practices, scientific advancements, and environmental considerations. This study aimed to determine standardised ileal digestible (<strong>SID</strong>) lysine requirements of weaned piglets (5–30 kg) based on a literature review using meta-analytical approaches. The literature review yielded 344 studies that were screened for title and abstract. In total, 41 experiments met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a dataset of 206 treatment means. Linear, quadratic and linear-plateau models were used to gain insight into the effect of SID lysine addition on average daily gain and feed efficiency for the combined dataset and separately for the individual experiments. Regression analysis showed a predominant linear increase in average daily gain and feed efficiency as an overall response to increasing lysine levels across both the combined dataset and individual experiments. Breakpoint estimation from the linear-plateau models was inconclusive, indicating that the optimal SID lysine requirement to maximise piglet growth performance likely exceeded the upper lysine levels tested in most studies, thus surpassing 1.3 g SID lysine per MJ net energy. This review indicates high values for the lysine requirement to achieve maximum growth performance. Results may suggest that piglet feed formulation should focus on an optimal dietary SID lysine to CP ratio, rather than SID lysine per kg of diet or unit of net energy. However, more research is needed to investigate this suggestion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modulating the fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae via substrate fermentation 底物发酵对黑兵蝇幼虫脂肪酸组成的调节。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101383
F. IJdema , S. Lievens , R. Smets , G. Poma , M. Van Der Borght , B. Lievens , J. De Smet
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) contain high amounts of proteins and essential amino acids and are therefore an appropriate feed source. However, they lack essential fatty acids (FAs), specifically ω-3 and ω-6, making them a less desirable feed choice for aquaculture. The aim of this study was to increase the ω-3 and ω-6 FA concentrations in BSFL by manipulating the FA composition in their rearing substrate. Specifically, the potential of substrate fermentation using the ω-3 and ω-6 FA−producing fungus Mortierella alpina was assessed. Fermentation of two agricultural side streams (wheat bran (WB) and WB with distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS)) increased substrate total crude fat concentration by 2.1 – 4.6%, as well as the concentration of several essential FAs, including the ω-6 FAs arachidonic acid (from less than 0.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 44.2 mg/g fat) and gamma-linolenic acid (from less than 1.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 45.8 mg/g fat and the ω-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (from less than 0.7 mg/g fat to a maximum of 49.9 mg/g fat). Rearing BSFL on feeds from such fermented substrates resulted in similar changes in larval FA composition, specifically a higher concentration of EPA (from less than 0.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 26.6 mg/g fat in the larvae fed on fermented diets), however, larval growth was reduced. Feeds made from fermented substrates were prone to stickiness and dehydration, possibly limiting larval movement and feeding, thereby affecting larval growth. Furthermore, proximate analysis of the substrates revealed sugar depletion after fermentation, which could be detrimental for larval growth and illustrate important attention points going forward. This study shows that fermentation of agricultural side streams WB and a mixture of WB with DDGS with Mortierella alpina alters their FA profile, increasing their ω-3 and ω-6 FA concentrations and that of BSFL fed with those substrates. Therefore, these results suggest that BSFL with tailor-made FA profiles for a specific application could be successfully produced.
黑兵蝇幼虫(BSFL, Hermetia illucens)含有大量的蛋白质和必需氨基酸,因此是一种合适的饲料来源。然而,它们缺乏必需脂肪酸(FAs),特别是ω-3和ω-6,使它们成为水产养殖不理想的饲料选择。本研究的目的是通过改变饲养基质中ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸的组成,来提高BSFL中ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸的浓度。具体来说,利用ω-3和ω-6 fa产生真菌高山Mortierella alpina发酵底物的潜力进行了评估。两种农业侧流(麦麸(WB)和麦麸(WB)与干酒糟及可溶物(DDGS))发酵使底物总粗脂肪浓度和几种必需脂肪酸浓度提高了2.1 ~ 4.6%。包括ω-6脂肪酸花生四烯酸(从少于0.2毫克/克脂肪到最多44.2毫克/克脂肪)和γ -亚麻酸(从少于1.2毫克/克脂肪到最多45.8毫克/克脂肪)和ω-3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸(EPA)(从少于0.7毫克/克脂肪到最多49.9毫克/克脂肪)。在发酵饲料中饲养BSFL会导致幼虫FA组成发生类似的变化,特别是EPA浓度升高(从低于0.2 mg/g脂肪到最高26.6 mg/g脂肪),但幼虫的生长却有所降低。发酵底物制成的饲料容易粘滞和脱水,可能限制了幼虫的运动和摄食,从而影响了幼虫的生长。此外,对底物的近似分析表明,发酵后糖的消耗可能不利于幼虫的生长,这是今后研究的重点。本研究表明,农业侧流WB和WB与DDGS混合发酵能改变它们的FA谱,提高它们的ω-3和ω-6 FA浓度,以及饲喂这些底物的BSFL的ω-6 FA浓度。因此,这些结果表明,为特定应用量身定制FA轮廓的BSFL是可以成功生产的。
{"title":"Modulating the fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae via substrate fermentation","authors":"F. IJdema ,&nbsp;S. Lievens ,&nbsp;R. Smets ,&nbsp;G. Poma ,&nbsp;M. Van Der Borght ,&nbsp;B. Lievens ,&nbsp;J. De Smet","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black soldier fly larvae (<strong>BSFL</strong>, <em>Hermetia illucens</em>) contain high amounts of proteins and essential amino acids and are therefore an appropriate feed source. However, they lack essential fatty acids (<strong>FAs</strong>), specifically ω-3 and ω-6, making them a less desirable feed choice for aquaculture. The aim of this study was to increase the ω-3 and ω-6 FA concentrations in BSFL by manipulating the FA composition in their rearing substrate. Specifically, the potential of substrate fermentation using the ω-3 and ω-6 FA−producing fungus <em>Mortierella alpina</em> was assessed. Fermentation of two agricultural side streams (wheat bran (<strong>WB</strong>) and WB with distiller’s dried grains with solubles (<strong>DDGS</strong>)) increased substrate total crude fat concentration by 2.1 – 4.6%, as well as the concentration of several essential FAs, including the ω-6 FAs arachidonic acid (from less than 0.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 44.2 mg/g fat) and gamma-linolenic acid (from less than 1.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 45.8 mg/g fat and the ω-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (<strong>EPA</strong>) (from less than 0.7 mg/g fat to a maximum of 49.9 mg/g fat). Rearing BSFL on feeds from such fermented substrates resulted in similar changes in larval FA composition, specifically a higher concentration of EPA (from less than 0.2 mg/g fat to a maximum of 26.6 mg/g fat in the larvae fed on fermented diets), however, larval growth was reduced. Feeds made from fermented substrates were prone to stickiness and dehydration, possibly limiting larval movement and feeding, thereby affecting larval growth. Furthermore, proximate analysis of the substrates revealed sugar depletion after fermentation, which could be detrimental for larval growth and illustrate important attention points going forward. This study shows that fermentation of agricultural side streams WB and a mixture of WB with DDGS with <em>Mortierella alpina</em> alters their FA profile, increasing their ω-3 and ω-6 FA concentrations and that of BSFL fed with those substrates. Therefore, these results suggest that BSFL with tailor-made FA profiles for a specific application could be successfully produced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 101383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Animal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1