Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.24
R. Medina Santillán, Á. García-Quismondo, F. Sánchez-Muniz
This article wants to be a tribute from the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy to all those who, with their eagerness to discover and contribute to the benefit of humanity, allowed that back in the first decades of the 20th century, the discovery of one of the central molecules of our body, insulin, took place. The contribution of this hormone has allowed life to be compatible with the lack of endogenous production of it. The article focuses on clarifying the path that led medical professionals to combat Diabetes and to “dig” into the wound that produced the Nobel Prize for some who participated in the discovery. In it we make a brief review of the importance of insulin, by virtue of the number of people who demand the daily exogenous supply of this hormone, as well as a brief reflection on the need for the existence and availability of different types of insulin and the suitability of your application. Keywords: diabetes; insulin; glucose; Nobel Prize; insulin types and characteristics
{"title":"Some consideration about insulin one hundred years after its discovery","authors":"R. Medina Santillán, Á. García-Quismondo, F. Sánchez-Muniz","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.24","url":null,"abstract":"This article wants to be a tribute from the Royal National Academy of Pharmacy to all those who, with their eagerness to discover and contribute to the benefit of humanity, allowed that back in the first decades of the 20th century, the discovery of one of the central molecules of our body, insulin, took place. The contribution of this hormone has allowed life to be compatible with the lack of endogenous production of it. The article focuses on clarifying the path that led medical professionals to combat Diabetes and to “dig” into the wound that produced the Nobel Prize for some who participated in the discovery. In it we make a brief review of the importance of insulin, by virtue of the number of people who demand the daily exogenous supply of this hormone, as well as a brief reflection on the need for the existence and availability of different types of insulin and the suitability of your application.\u0000\u0000Keywords: diabetes; insulin; glucose; Nobel Prize; insulin types and characteristics","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.05
José Carlos Menéndez Ramos
Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial in origin, i.e., their etiology involves a large number of interconnected pathological processes. As a consequence, disease progression cannot be efficiently stopped by modulating a single target, as done with current therapies. Several approaches attempt to overcome this limitation, and the most promising one is based on the use of multitarget drugs. This approach seeks molecules that are rationally designed to modulate several therapeutic targets associated to a particular disease. In this review article, the foundations of the design of multitarget drugs are summarized and illustrated through examples taken from work carried out in the group of the author. The main targets studied are proteins involved in the Nrf2-ARE pathway, calcium transport proteins and rho-kinase 2. Keywords: multitarget drugs; Nrf2-ARE pathway; calcium transport proteins; rho-kinase 2
{"title":"Multi-target drugs as a new strategy against neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"José Carlos Menéndez Ramos","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial in origin, i.e., their etiology involves a large number of interconnected pathological processes. As a consequence, disease progression cannot be efficiently stopped by modulating a single target, as done with current therapies. Several approaches attempt to overcome this limitation, and the most promising one is based on the use of multitarget drugs. This approach seeks molecules that are rationally designed to modulate several therapeutic targets associated to a particular disease. In this review article, the foundations of the design of multitarget drugs are summarized and illustrated through examples taken from work carried out in the group of the author. The main targets studied are proteins involved in the Nrf2-ARE pathway, calcium transport proteins and rho-kinase 2. \u0000\u0000Keywords: multitarget drugs; Nrf2-ARE pathway; calcium transport proteins; rho-kinase 2","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.23
J. A. Rodríguez Montes
Advances in medicine in general and surgery in particular have been due to a great extent to animal experimentation, a practice carried out since ancient times; without their use, the scientific progress achieved to date would not have been possible. Scientific surgery is based on observation, in clinical research and in experimental research. Although experimentation can be done in humans, respecting ethical standards, usually the surgical research takes place in animals. This text discusses the prominent role that experimental surgery plays in the training of surgeon and in development of clinical surgery. Keywords: experimental surgery; surgeon training; surgical progress; surgery; surgical education: animal experimentation
{"title":"Importance of experimental surgery for training of the surgeon and development of clinical surgery","authors":"J. A. Rodríguez Montes","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.23","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in medicine in general and surgery in particular have been due to a great extent to animal experimentation, a practice carried out since ancient times; without their use, the scientific progress achieved to date would not have been possible. Scientific surgery is based on observation, in clinical research and in experimental research. Although experimentation can be done in humans, respecting ethical standards, usually the surgical research takes place in animals.\u0000This text discusses the prominent role that experimental surgery plays in the training of surgeon and in development of clinical surgery.\u0000\u0000Keywords: experimental surgery; surgeon training; surgical progress; surgery; surgical education: animal experimentation","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42156299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.03
A. Martí Del Moral, Natalia Vázquez Bolea
In early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began to spread. Due to the extent and quickness of infection, a more or less strict confinement was declared, depending on each country´s government. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review is to study the changes in lifestyle that occurred during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy subjects over 18 years old in 9 European countries. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA criteria. The “PubMed” database was used for the search; with the following advanced search strategy: “dietary changes” OR “lifestyle changes” AND “covid-19” OR “covid-19 lockdown” AND adults. Finally, 12 articles were included. Most studies showed an increase in energy intake, sweets, snacks and alcohol. Physical activity levels diminished. These unhealthy habits have led to an increase in body weight. Thus, COVID-19 lockdown appears to have modified lifestyle habits in European population. Further research should be done with larger sample sizes to assess the impact of the pandemic and to improve lifestyle recommendations in case of future pandemics.
{"title":"Lifestyle changes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic confinement in Europe: a systematic review","authors":"A. Martí Del Moral, Natalia Vázquez Bolea","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began to spread. Due to the extent and quickness of infection, a more or less strict confinement was declared, depending on each country´s government. Therefore, the main objective of this systematic review is to study the changes in lifestyle that occurred during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy subjects over 18 years old in 9 European countries. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA criteria. The “PubMed” database was used for the search; with the following advanced search strategy: “dietary changes” OR “lifestyle changes” AND “covid-19” OR “covid-19 lockdown” AND adults. Finally, 12 articles were included. Most studies showed an increase in energy intake, sweets, snacks and alcohol. Physical activity levels diminished. These unhealthy habits have led to an increase in body weight. Thus, COVID-19 lockdown appears to have modified lifestyle habits in European population. Further research should be done with larger sample sizes to assess the impact of the pandemic and to improve lifestyle recommendations in case of future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.04
Alberto García Rojo de Cózar
Objective: To review the legal regime for sterile products preparation in the context of clinical trials. Method: A literature review of different rules, guideliness and reports from different organisms has been completed. Furthermore, an analysis of Spanish Clinical Trials Registry (REec) was performed in order to know the trend of what is the type of clinical trials that are being conducted in Spain. Results: at Europe Union there is not a specific regulation about this matter, being a member state responsibiliy to have a local law. In Spain, there is a guideline regarding Good Practices of preparation for drugs on Hospital Pharmacy Services. Spain Clinical Trials Registry analysis indicates that approximately 50% of studies could requiered that those study drugs to be pre-pared on sterile conditions, and on this group, 79% are international studies. Conclusions: Spain has solid regulations on sterile preparation drugs for routine practice and for clinical research drugs. All professionals involved in clinical research should be aware of these regulations in order to maintain Spain’s position of excellence in clinical research at the international level.
{"title":"Clinical trials with steril preparations. Analysis of Spain clinical trial registry","authors":"Alberto García Rojo de Cózar","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review the legal regime for sterile products preparation in the context of clinical trials.\u0000Method: A literature review of different rules, guideliness and reports from different organisms has been completed. Furthermore, an analysis of Spanish Clinical Trials Registry (REec) was performed in order to know the trend of what is the type of clinical trials that are being conducted in Spain.\u0000Results: at Europe Union there is not a specific regulation about this matter, being a member state responsibiliy to have a local law. In Spain, there is a guideline regarding Good Practices of preparation for drugs on Hospital Pharmacy Services. Spain Clinical Trials Registry analysis indicates that approximately 50% of studies could requiered that those study drugs to be pre-pared on sterile conditions, and on this group, 79% are international studies.\u0000Conclusions: Spain has solid regulations on sterile preparation drugs for routine practice and for clinical research drugs. All professionals involved in clinical research should be aware of these regulations in order to maintain Spain’s position of excellence in clinical research at the international level.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46650203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.01
Paloma López Laiz, E. Fauste, M. Panadero, C. Donis, P. Otero, Carlos coaut. Bocos de Prada
Fructose consumption has increased during the last decades, while a simultaneous rise in the incidence of pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome has also taken place. Although there is evidence that fructose can cause alterations in the offspring related to the development of the aforementioned diseases, exposure to fructose during pregnancy is not contraindicated for women. This effect is explained by the concept of foetal programming, which suggests that changes that occur during the embryogenic and foetal stages are permanent in the adult, due to maternal health, diet and other environmental factors. Therefore, the effect of fructose on cholesterol metabolism in the offspring of mothers fed with or without fructose during gestation was studied. In addition, the progeny also received different diets: fructose (with and without supplementation of cholesterol) or tagatose solutions. Tagatose increased non-HDL cholesterol in the offspring of water-fed mothers, whereas fructose consumption during gestation dampened this effect, indicating foetal programming. In addition, fructose and tagatose feeding increased atherogenic indices by decreasing HDL-cholesterol concentration and increasing triglycerides levels. On the other hand, the addition of cholesterol to fructose consumption caused an increase in total cholesterol and a change in its distribution: higher concentration of non-HDL cholesterol and lower concentration of HDL cholesterol, independently of maternal feeding. This also caused an increase in atherogenic indices. Ultimately, the results indicate that cholesterol metabolism is influenced by both maternal fructose consumption, and the subsequent intake of fructose (alone or in combination with cholesterol) and tagatose in the offspring.
{"title":"Maternal fructose intake modulates cholesterol metabolism in response to a western diet in the offspring","authors":"Paloma López Laiz, E. Fauste, M. Panadero, C. Donis, P. Otero, Carlos coaut. Bocos de Prada","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fructose consumption has increased during the last decades, while a simultaneous rise in the incidence of pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome has also taken place. Although there is evidence that fructose can cause alterations in the offspring related to the development of the aforementioned diseases, exposure to fructose during pregnancy is not contraindicated for women. This effect is explained by the concept of foetal programming, which suggests that changes that occur during the embryogenic and foetal stages are permanent in the adult, due to maternal health, diet and other environmental factors.\u0000Therefore, the effect of fructose on cholesterol metabolism in the offspring of mothers fed with or without fructose during gestation was studied. In addition, the progeny also received different diets: fructose (with and without supplementation of cholesterol) or tagatose solutions.\u0000Tagatose increased non-HDL cholesterol in the offspring of water-fed mothers, whereas fructose consumption during gestation dampened this effect, indicating foetal programming. In addition, fructose and tagatose feeding increased atherogenic indices by decreasing HDL-cholesterol concentration and increasing triglycerides levels.\u0000On the other hand, the addition of cholesterol to fructose consumption caused an increase in total cholesterol and a change in its distribution: higher concentration of non-HDL cholesterol and lower concentration of HDL cholesterol, independently of maternal feeding. This also caused an increase in atherogenic indices.\u0000Ultimately, the results indicate that cholesterol metabolism is influenced by both maternal fructose consumption, and the subsequent intake of fructose (alone or in combination with cholesterol) and tagatose in the offspring.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.02
Irma García Martínez, R. Alén, P. Rada, Ángela M. Valverde
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD, the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, closely associates with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Until now, the specific factors involved in the progression of NAFLD from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and, ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma have not been totally elucidated. Also, patients have to face the lack of efficient or personalized treatments, as well as the absence of reliable diagnosis or staging methods beyond the highly invasive liver biopsy. In the last years, extracellular vesicles (VEs) are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis many diseases including NAFLD. VEs are released by different cells types into the circulation and contain nucleic acids and proteins, among other components of their, that interact with surrounding or distant target cells, thereby triggering a plethora of responses. During NAFLD progression, several processes such as inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, all related to MS-associated lipotoxicity, lead to VEs release by liver cells. In this review we will focus in the role of hepatocyte-derived VEs (Hep-VEs) and their interactions with non-parenchymal liver cells populations during NAFLD pathogenesis, as well as in their role as non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression. We will highlight the recent work currently available on VEs in the context of NAFLD, the current limitations and future directions for the implementation of VEs as biomarkers or targets of liver disease in the clinical setting.
{"title":"New insights into the key role of extracellular vesicles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Irma García Martínez, R. Alén, P. Rada, Ángela M. Valverde","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD, the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, closely associates with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Until now, the specific factors involved in the progression of NAFLD from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and, ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma have not been totally elucidated.\u0000Also, patients have to face the lack of efficient or personalized treatments, as well as the absence of reliable diagnosis or staging methods beyond the highly invasive liver biopsy. In the last years, extracellular vesicles (VEs) are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis many diseases including NAFLD. VEs are released by different cells types into the circulation and contain nucleic acids and proteins, among other components of their, that interact with surrounding or distant target cells, thereby triggering a plethora of responses. During NAFLD progression, several processes such as inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, all related to MS-associated lipotoxicity, lead to VEs release by liver cells. In this review we will focus in the role of hepatocyte-derived VEs (Hep-VEs) and their interactions with non-parenchymal liver cells populations during NAFLD pathogenesis, as well as in their role as non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and progression. We will highlight the recent work currently available on VEs in the context of NAFLD, the current limitations and future directions for the implementation of VEs as biomarkers or targets of liver disease in the clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.05
Miguel C. Aguiló Juanola
Smoking is a chronic addictive disease with a pandemic character and, therefore, requires the development of prevention and treatment strategies. The relationship of smoking with obesity and genetics has been studied in recent years, as well as its approach in adolescents, the main objective of the tobacco industry. The implications of second-hand smoke (passive smoking), third-hand smoke (toxics in the smoker’s environment) and fourth-hand smoke (environmental pollution from tobacco) are well known, as is the fact that there is no safe level of smoking, as numerous studies show. The community pharmacist, due to his basic training and accessibility, is an ideal health professional to act in the prevention of smoking and its treatment, developing a professional smoking service in his pharmacy, for which specific training and a adequate physical structure of the pharmacy are required. The treatment of tobacco addiction must be, fundamentally, a combination of pharmacological treatment with cognitive-behavioral treatment. The drugs of first choice for its treatment are Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) combined (patches together with oral form) and varenicline. The kinetics of nicotine in NRT and its agonist effect on alpha 4 beta 2 receptors and the agonist-antagonist effect of varenicline on them, explain its mechanism of action and effectiveness. Cytisine, an alkaloid from which varenicline is derived, and with a similar mechanism of action, is a drug recently marketed in Spain, although it has been used in eastern countries for many years. It has demonstrated its effectiveness and safety, and with the experience of its use in our setting, it is expected to be included in the first line of pharmacological treatment of smoking.
{"title":"Update on tobaccoism, approach from the community pharmacy and pharmacological treatments of choice","authors":"Miguel C. Aguiló Juanola","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is a chronic addictive disease with a pandemic character and, therefore, requires the development of prevention and treatment strategies.\u0000The relationship of smoking with obesity and genetics has been studied in recent years, as well as its approach in adolescents, the main objective of the tobacco industry.\u0000The implications of second-hand smoke (passive smoking), third-hand smoke (toxics in the smoker’s environment) and fourth-hand smoke (environmental pollution from tobacco) are well known, as is the fact that there is no safe level of smoking, as numerous studies show.\u0000The community pharmacist, due to his basic training and accessibility, is an ideal health professional to act in the prevention of smoking and its treatment, developing a professional smoking service in his pharmacy, for which specific training and a adequate physical structure of the pharmacy are required.\u0000The treatment of tobacco addiction must be, fundamentally, a combination of pharmacological treatment with cognitive-behavioral treatment.\u0000The drugs of first choice for its treatment are Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) combined (patches together with oral form) and varenicline.\u0000The kinetics of nicotine in NRT and its agonist effect on alpha 4 beta 2 receptors and the agonist-antagonist effect of varenicline on them, explain its mechanism of action and effectiveness.\u0000Cytisine, an alkaloid from which varenicline is derived, and with a similar mechanism of action, is a drug recently marketed in Spain, although it has been used in eastern countries for many years. It has demonstrated its effectiveness and safety, and with the experience of its use in our setting, it is expected to be included in the first line of pharmacological treatment of smoking.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46668453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.02.05
Silvia Enríquez Fernández
The right to health is made effective, among others, through the guarantee of access to medicines, since these contribute to prevent, cure, or alleviate diseases and to correct or repair the aftermath caused by them. Thus, in Spain, the right of all citizens to obtain medicines through the pharmaceutical benefits guaranteed by the National Health System, which is the health model implemented to guarantee health protection, is recognized. To guarantee its sustainability, the State has the capacity to regulate the economic conditions of pharmaceutical services, as well as to standardize the price of medicines. In this paper, the administrative intervention on all the economic and political issues surrounding the medicine in its relationship with health protection is analyzed, such as: the decision of public financing, that is, inclusion of medicine in the pharmaceutical provision of Social Security, and the fixing of the price of financing the medicine from state funds related to health or Social Security, which are carried out in each of the Member States, and in Spain correspond to the Ministry with competences in health.
{"title":"Administrative intervention on the prices of industrial medicines in Spain and their relevance in the dispensing of them in pharmacies","authors":"Silvia Enríquez Fernández","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The right to health is made effective, among others, through the guarantee of access to medicines, since these contribute to prevent, cure, or alleviate diseases and to correct or repair the aftermath caused by them. Thus, in Spain, the right of all citizens to obtain medicines through the pharmaceutical benefits guaranteed by the National Health System, which is the health model implemented to guarantee health protection, is recognized. To guarantee its sustainability, the State has the capacity to regulate the economic conditions of pharmaceutical services, as well as to standardize the price of medicines.\u0000In this paper, the administrative intervention on all the economic and political issues surrounding the medicine in its relationship with health protection is analyzed, such as: the decision of public financing, that is, inclusion of medicine in the pharmaceutical provision of Social Security, and the fixing of the price of financing the medicine from state funds related to health or Social Security, which are carried out in each of the Member States, and in Spain correspond to the Ministry with competences in health.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44826463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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