Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"The intra-annual tree-ring δ18O records from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau can reflect seasonal variations of relative humidity and the intra-annual distribution of precipitation","authors":"Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Gou ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nakatsuka ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Linlin Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Deng ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Chongshan Wang ,&nbsp;Zibo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intra-annual distribution of precipitation has a significant impact on vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid regions. Intra-annual variations in tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O_tree) can capture seasonal climate signals. In this study, we collected tree-ring cores of <em>Picea crassifolia</em> from three sampling sites in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and established both interannual and intra-annual δ¹⁸O_tree series spanning approximately the past 30 years. We found that all three sites exhibited a consistent pattern of intra-annual variation, with δ¹⁸O_tree values gradually decreasing from earlywood to latewood reflecting the relative humidity of the corresponding growth periods. Further analysis revealed that the amplitude of intra-annual variations in δ¹⁸O_tree can indicate the intra-annual distribution of precipitation, specifically the difference in precipitation amounts between the late and early growing season. Additionally, when examining the relationship between annual-resolution and intra-annual-resolution δ¹⁸O_tree series, we found that annual-resolution δ¹⁸O_tree primarily reflect the isotopic signals corresponding to the periods of fastest tree growth within the year. Our findings provide valuable insights into the interpretation of annual-resolution δ¹⁸O_tree signals and the investigation of seasonal moisture variations in arid and semi-arid regions under the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Knowledge-guided machine learning captures key mechanistic pathways for better predicting spatio-temporal patterns of growing season N2O emissions in the U.S. Midwest” [Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 373 (2025) 110750]","authors":"Lexuan Ye ,&nbsp;Licheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yufeng Yang ,&nbsp;Ziyi Li ,&nbsp;Wang Zhou ,&nbsp;Bin Peng ,&nbsp;Shaoming Xu ,&nbsp;Vipin Kumar ,&nbsp;Wendy H. Yang ,&nbsp;Jinyun Tang ,&nbsp;Zhenong Jin ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 110998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation sensitivity to ecological drought contributes to inconsistent vegetation growth in terms of canopy structure and vegetation productivity","authors":"Lu Zhang,&nbsp;Jianxia Chang,&nbsp;Aijun Guo,&nbsp;Guibin Yang,&nbsp;Yimin Wang,&nbsp;Kai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensified drought significantly shifts the structure and function of the ecosystem, driving asynchronous changes between them. However, understanding the relationship between terrestrial ecosystem responses to drought and vegetation growth remains a persistent challenge due to limited direct observations. Here, we used gross primary productivity as a proxy for carbon sink, the normalized difference vegetation index for canopy structure, and the standardized ecological water shortage index to disclose this relationship across 24 ecological-climatic regions and 6 vegetation types. Integrating climate, vegetation, soil, and topography factors, the ecological-climatic regions were classified using Fuzzy C-Means method combined with the ant colony algorithm. The results indicated that 55.7 % of the vegetated areas in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have experienced inconsistent vegetation growth in canopy structure and the ecosystem carbon sink. More than 66 % of vegetated areas displayed short-term (≤3 months) responses to ecological drought. Notably, forest ecosystems showed much longer lagged responses, with mean NDVI lag time exceeding 7 months in significantly decreasing regions. The ecosystem carbon sink is more sensitive to ecological drought than canopy structure. Grassland is the most sensitive vegetation type in the YRB, and forests express the most pronounced ecological drought impacts. Generally, vegetation in arid regions is more sensitive to ecological drought than in humid areas. Ecosystem carbon sink in areas of increased growth shows greater sensitivity to ecological drought than in areas of decreased growth. Furthermore, across 9 vegetation growth pattens between ecosystem carbon sink and canopy structure, the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon sink and canopy structure to ecological drought also varies distinctly. The lowest sensitivity of vegetation to ecological drought was observed when ecosystem carbon sink declined, and canopy structure increased within the YRB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111013"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat wave impacts on tree growth and recovery in temperate forests depend on leaf phenology","authors":"Ilaria Bonfanti ,&nbsp;J. Julio Camarero ,&nbsp;Cristina Valeriano ,&nbsp;Ángel Fernández-Cortés ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Cannone","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is leading to more frequent and severe extreme climate events, such as hot spells. However, we lack information on how trees recover after heat waves in terms of wood anatomy, radial growth (basal area increment, BAI), and wood δ¹³C, a proxy of intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). This lack of information on recovery is notable in temperate forests, where heat waves reduce productivity and trigger canopy dieback. We filled this research gap by assessing the impacts of the 2022 heat wave on two temperate forests located at high (Cernobbio) and low elevation (Monza) sites in northern Italy. Eight winter-deciduous tree species were sampled with different leaf phenology (early leafing species, <em>Betula pendula, Quercus robur</em>; intermediate leafing species, <em>Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus</em>; and late leafing species, <em>Tilia cordata, Castanea sativa, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus pubescens</em>). Some species experienced a severe BAI reduction during 2022 (<em>B. pendula</em>, -58%; <em>Q. robur</em>, -48 %), others showed a moderate drop (<em>A. pseudoplatanus</em>, -5 %; <em>F. excelsior</em>, -5 to -34 %; <em>T. cordata</em>, -29 %; <em>C. sativa</em>, -25 %; <em>Q. pubescens</em>, -18 %), whereas <em>F. sylvatica</em> showed a slight increase (+ 3 %). Negative growth legacies were detected in <em>F. excelsior</em> at the low-elevation site. <em>F. excelsior, A. pseudoplatanus</em> and <em>Q. pubescens</em> were the most sensitive species to summer maximum temperatures and drought severity. In the case of <em>A. pseudoplatanus</em>, the ray parenchyma fraction declined in 2022, indicating lower C storage. <em>A. pseudoplatanus</em> (-26.1‰) and <em>F. excelsior</em> (-25.6 ‰) showed the highest wood δ¹³C values. Radial growth data indicate that the two early leafing species were the most negatively impacted by heat stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111020"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of thermal constraints in post-disturbance forest recovery across the European Alps – a large-scale remote sensing study","authors":"Lisa Mandl ,&nbsp;Ana Stritih ,&nbsp;Rupert Seidl ,&nbsp;Cornelius Senf","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest ecosystems in the European Alps are increasingly affected by climate change, with rising temperatures and more frequent climate extremes altering disturbance regimes and shaping post-disturbance recovery. While climate change is expected to constrain recovery in lowlands due to increasing thermal stress, high-elevation ecosystems were historically limited by temperature, with the net effects of warming on post-disturbance recovery remaining uncertain. Using multi-decadal Earth observation data from Landsat and Sentinel-2 (1986–2023), we quantified post-disturbance canopy recovery and assessed the influence of thermal constraints on recovery. Recovery success, defined as the proportion of disturbed forest reaching 80 % of pre-disturbance tree cover within ten years, indicated that 48 % of disturbances recovered according to this metric. Beyond this general pattern, recovery varied systematically with climate and disturbance characteristics. Recovery success peaked at intermediate summer temperatures and declined with increasing disturbance severity, higher pre-disturbance tree cover, and larger post-disturbance bare-ground share. Precipitation exerted only a minor influence. We found strong evidence that warmer-than-average summers, measured as summer temperature anomalies, improved recovery across the Alps, except for localized responses in the south-western region. Our findings suggest that warming relaxes the thermal limitations for tree growth in large parts of the Alps, with warmer summers providing additional thermal energy and longer snow-free periods favouring canopy regrowth. Notably, the south-western Alps deviated from this pattern, showing a negative relationship between summer temperature anomalies and recovery, with warming increasingly threatening recovery. By providing large-scale empirical evidence on how post-disturbance recovery varies across the Alps, this study improves the understanding of interactions between climate change and forest recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional patterns of parameter sensitivity in the plant hydraulics scheme of Noah-MP: Insights into plant-water interactions","authors":"Weijing Chen ,&nbsp;Jinliang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A plant hydraulic scheme (PHS) integrated into Noah-MP improves the simulation of hydrological processes, yet its impacts on key variables remain unclear. This study employs a global sensitivity analysis method (the Sobol’ indices) to identify the key parameters in the PHS scheme that affecting evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture (SMC), gross primary productivity (GPP), and water flux absorbed by the plant roots (Q_root). By combining model simulations, stations measurements and satellite data, this study conducts a systematic analysis of the sensitivity of each parameter to various variables and evaluates the spatial variability of the sensitivity. Additionally, the influence of three climate-related factors—aridity index, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit—on the regional sensitivity pattern of parameters was investigated. The results indicate that the Sobol’ indices of individual parameters show noticeable differences depending on the data source. Overall, <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>(leaf turgor loss water potential) and <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>(xylem saturated water conductivity) exert a significant influence on ET and GPP, while the simulation of SMC and Q_root is jointly affected by multiple parameters, with <span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></math></span>(root distribution parameter) and <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>(stem volume specific water capacitance) taking the leading roles, respectively. Although the dominant parameters vary across regions, their sensitivity indices show no strong correlation with the three climate factors examined. Furthermore, the model’s simulation accuracy was validated against observation data from both stations and satellite. The evaluation indicates that ET, GPP, and Q_root are simulated with relatively high accuracy, although the performance declines in arid regions. In contrast, the simulation accuracy of SMC exhibits greater spatial variability and performs worse in areas with dense vegetation cover. The findings suggest that identifying region-specific sensitive parameters can provide valuable guidance for model parameter optimization. Targeted parameter optimization or the integration of new schemes can significantly enhance the simulation of specific variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will epiphyte loss exacerbate climate change effects in tropical montane cloud forests?","authors":"Damon Vaughan ,&nbsp;Sybil G. Gotsch ,&nbsp;Lauren Lowman ,&nbsp;Todd E. Dawson ,&nbsp;Nalini M. Nadkarni ,&nbsp;John T. Van Stan II ,&nbsp;Pablo José Gutiérrez-Campos ,&nbsp;Elenter Cubero-Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epiphytes in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are vulnerable to decline and mortality as cloud base heights gradually rise, diminishing a vital source of moisture. Despite epiphytes’ key roles in TMCF ecosystems, few studies have assessed the potential effects of their loss on host tree health and hydrological processes. To investigate potential cascading effects, we conducted a replicated whole-tree epiphyte removal experiment in a TMCF near Monteverde, Costa Rica. The study consisted of ten pairs of trees where we removed all epiphytes (vascular and non-vascular) and arboreal soil mats from experimental trees, while leaving canopy communities intact in nearby control trees. Five pairs were in contiguous forest; the remaining five pairs consisted of trees in isolated pasture areas. Microclimate monitoring in multiple crown locations of study trees revealed that epiphyte removal was linked to increases in key drying variables such as solar radiation and wind speed. Surprisingly, epiphyte removal also contributed to wetting by allowing increased cloud and rain penetration into crown interiors. Our data also indicate that epiphyte loss increased the ratio of sensible to latent heat flux, which in our study was associated with a 0.48 increase in stripped tree Bowen ratios. Some effects of epiphyte removal were smaller than expected, which could be explained by the highly humid and wet atmosphere of TMCFs. Under future climatic conditions that are expected to be drier and hotter, we suggest that it is possible that effects of epiphyte loss will be more severe. Landscape-scale processes could also be influenced, as increased Bowen ratios represent shifts in surface energy partitioning and boundary-layer development that can further elevate the cloud base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineating hierarchical agro-ecological zones for crop production environments in Kansas","authors":"Sarah Sexton-Bowser,&nbsp;Kraig Roozeboom,&nbsp;Andres Patrignani","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agro-ecological zones (AZs), defined as areas with relatively homogeneous climate and soil conditions, are important for agricultural management and planning, yet previous studies have often relied on single-step clustering, excluded edaphic attributes, or lacked validation with independent datasets. The objectives of this study were to: 1) delineate hierarchical AZs for Kansas using climate and edaphic variables, and 2) validate AZs using external datasets of environmental causes of crop yield loss and land cover. AZs were delineated using the <em>k</em>-means clustering with macro-AZs derived from long-term climatic features and nested micro-AZs based on soil physical attributes. Climate features included annual precipitation, annual reference evapotranspiration, and mean annual temperature. Soil physical attributes included plant available water capacity, soil organic matter, and effective soil depth. The validation consisted of a multinomial regression model with datasets of environmental causes of crop yield loss and land cover, which reflect the influence of climate and soils on crop performance. The analysis resulted in three macro-AZs partitioning the state into northwest, southwest, and east regions, each with two nested micro-AZs based on soil attributes. The multinomial model resulted in a validation accuracy of 88% for the macro-AZs and 67% for nested micro-AZs. Our study provides a scalable framework for hierarchical AZs that capture spatial variability in climate and soil conditions and can support regional agricultural planning, guide the design of area crop performance trials, facilitate scaling of point-level crop model simulations to broader regions, and inform the placement of future environmental monitoring stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 110999"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting shifts in drought-induced thresholds for wheat yield loss under climate change in southeastern Australia","authors":"Keyu Xiang ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;De Li Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Ji ,&nbsp;Fangzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Shijin Yao ,&nbsp;Siyi Li ,&nbsp;Alfredo Huete ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is a principal determinant of yield variability in rain-fed wheat systems, with climate change expected to exacerbate both the frequency and severity of water deficits. However, knowledge gaps remain in quantifying (i) yield loss probability across different drought indices and (ii) the dynamic thresholds at which drought induces yield losses under divergent climate scenarios. A systematic quantification of these relationships is essential to improve the empirical foundation for risk assessment and adaptive strategies in water-limited agricultural systems. This study analyses future wheat yield loss probability and dynamic drought thresholds in southeastern Australia using the APSIM model and copula functions, comparing a soil water index (SPAWI) against a precipitation index (SPI). We found a higher future wheat yield loss probability for SPAWI-based drought (5–20% greater than for SPI), underscoring the limitation of rainfall-only indices by neglecting soil buffer effects during drought. Drought thresholds were higher for SPAWI than SPI, due to soil moisture buffering, and lower in wetter regions. Including CO₂ fertilization increases yields and partially offsets drought impacts, lowering both loss probabilities and thresholds, while climate-model choice remains the dominant source of projected threshold shifts. Our analysis demonstrates that drought index selection influences yield-loss risk projections, and the quantified shifts in drought yield thresholds under climate change reveal key soil moisture buffering effects and CO₂ mitigation potential. These findings provide evidence-based drought thresholds to guide adaptive management in dryland wheat cropping systems under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maturation of encroaching juniper woodland elevates gross primary productivity and water use but reduces net ecosystem exchange relative to native tallgrass prairie","authors":"Tian Zhang ,&nbsp;Chris B. Zou ,&nbsp;Rodney E. Will ,&nbsp;Benedict Ferguson ,&nbsp;Jia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is transforming grassland ecosystems, with important consequences for carbon sequestration and water balance. This study assessed the long-term impacts of eastern redcedar (<em>Juniperus virginiana</em>, juniper) encroachment by comparing ecosystem carbon and water fluxes between a mature juniper‐dominant woodland and an adjacent tallgrass prairie in the Southern Great Plains, USA. Paired eddy covariance systems (2022–2024) revealed that the juniper woodland was a weaker carbon sink, with a mean annual net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) of -162 g C/m², compared to -182 g C/m² in the tallgrass prairie. This occurred despite higher annual gross primary productivity (GPP: 2164 vs. 1475 g C/m²), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP: 281 vs. 142 g C/m²), and evapotranspiration (ET: 762 vs. 589 mm) of the woodland because WPE increased ecosystem respiration (R_e: 2001 vs. 1294 g C/m²). These results suggest a decoupling of water loss from carbon gain in juniper woodlands and underscore the importance of evaluating full ecosystem carbon budgets – beyond aboveground biomass – to guide integrated carbon and water management in a transitional landscape in the prairies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 111009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}