Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献_第3页

Improved simulation of gross primary production and evapotranspiration in a drought-prone temperate deciduous forest with the BEPS-EcoHydro 利用BEPS-EcoHydro改进的干旱易发温带落叶森林的总初级生产量和蒸散量模拟

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111031

Lu Hu , Mousong Wu , Weimin Ju , Xiuli Xing , Jing M. Chen , Huajie Zhu

Climate extremes, particularly drought, severely affect ecosystem functions. Most terrestrial biosphere models use empirical soil moisture stress factors to represent the impacts of drought on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, which lack a mechanistic representation of water flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) and result in uncertainties in simulated carbon and water fluxes. In this study, a plant hydraulics module was integrated into the process-based Biosphere-atmosphere Exchange Process Simulator, i.e., the BEPS-EcoHydro, and comprehensively evaluated in a drought-prone temperate deciduous forest in the central USA. BEPS-EcoHydro considers SPAC water flow driven by the soil-leaf water potential gradient, potential transpiration, and plant water storage. Building on these hydraulic processes, the effect of water stress on photosynthesis in BEPS-EcoHydro was quantified via a linkage to leaf water potential. The results showed that BEPS-EcoHydro effectively captured variations in predawn leaf water potential at the ecosystem scale with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.54 (p < 0.01), and outperformed the original BEPS in simulating soil moisture with an improvement of R² by 34%. Additionally, evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) simulation performance has been improved with BEPS-EcoHydro, especially at the hourly scale. Importantly, BEPS-EcoHydro captured drought impact better than the original BEPS and detected the hysteretic responses of GPP and ET to leaf water potential during drought intensification and recovery periods. These results suggest that consideration of plant hydraulics in process-based ecosystem models is necessary to better understand mechanisms in vegetation responses to climate extremes.

极端气候，特别是干旱，严重影响生态系统功能。大多数陆地生物圈模型使用经验土壤水分胁迫因子来表示干旱对气孔导度和光合作用的影响，缺乏土壤-植物-大气连续体（SPAC）中水流的机制表示，导致模拟的碳和水通量存在不确定性。在本研究中，将植物水力学模块集成到基于过程的生物圈-大气交换过程模拟器（BEPS-EcoHydro）中，并在美国中部一个易干旱的温带落叶森林中进行了综合评估。BEPS-EcoHydro考虑由土壤-叶片水势梯度、潜在蒸腾和植物储水量驱动的SPAC水流量。在这些水力过程的基础上，通过与叶片水势的联系，量化了水分胁迫对BEPS-EcoHydro光合作用的影响。结果表明，BEPS- ecohydro有效捕获了生态系统尺度上黎明前叶片水势的变化，决定系数（R2）为0.54 (p < 0.01)，在模拟土壤水分方面优于原BEPS， R2提高了34%。此外，BEPS-EcoHydro的蒸散发（ET）和总初级生产量（GPP）模拟性能也得到了改善，尤其是在小时尺度上。重要的是，BEPS- ecohydro比原始BEPS更好地捕捉了干旱影响，并检测了干旱加剧和恢复期间GPP和ET对叶片水势的滞后响应。这些结果表明，为了更好地理解植被对极端气候的响应机制，在基于过程的生态系统模型中考虑植物水力学是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the algorithms for the estimation of wet surface evaporation on the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原湿地表蒸发量估算算法的改进

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111030

Cunbo Zhang , Xuelong Chen , Huaiyong Shao , Xin Xu , Ling Yuan , Yajing Liu , Ying Xie , Yaoming Ma

Interception water accounts for 15–50% of precipitation, constituting a vital facet of the hydrological cycle. However, modeling of interception water evaporation over the wet surface of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is frequently omitted in evapotranspiration models. In this study, a new calculation method for wet surface fraction (F_wet) was introduced to the MOD16-STM evapotranspiration model (Yuan et al. 2021) by reanalyzing the correlation between relative humidity and precipitation responses across the TP region. The new F_wet equation aids in more accurate categorizing wet and dry surface fractions for the TP region. The justification for recalibrating the wet soil resistance for evaporation was also provided. Compared with the MOD16-STM model, optimizations resulted in an increase of R² from 0.45 to 0.76, while RMSE was reduced from 40.1 to 27.1 W m^–2 and MB decreased from –26.2 to 2.3 W m^–2 under wet conditions. The integrated model with the revised wet surface evaporation algorithm exhibited significant performance enhancement‌, ‌particularly through mitigation of wet surface evaporation underestimation‌. The modified algorithm enables improved capture‌ of post-precipitation evapotranspiration variation.

截留水量占降水的15-50%，是水循环的一个重要方面。然而，在蒸散发模式中，青藏高原湿地表截留水分蒸发的模拟常常被忽略。本研究通过重新分析TP地区相对湿度与降水响应的相关性，在MOD16-STM蒸散发模型（Yuan et al. 2021）中引入了一种新的湿面分数（wet surface fraction, Fwet）计算方法。新的Fwet方程有助于更准确地分类TP区域的湿和干表面分数。为重新校准湿土蒸发阻力提供了理由。与MOD16-STM模型相比，优化后湿润条件下的R2从0.45提高到0.76，RMSE从40.1降低到27.1 W m-2， MB从-26.2降低到2.3 W m-2。采用改进的湿表面蒸发算法的集成模型表现出显著的性能增强，特别是通过减轻湿表面蒸发低估。改进后的算法能够更好地捕获降水后蒸散发变化。

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引用次数: 0

Sensitivity of diaheliotropic leaf movement is enhanced in field-grown cotton under moderate water deficit 中等水分亏缺条件下，大田棉花叶片向日向运动敏感性增强

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111028

Yuan Shi, Fubin Liang, Shuhao Lv, Huijun Song, Jingshan Tian, Yali Zhang, Ling Gou, Wangfeng Zhang

Diaheliotropic leaf movement is pronounced in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves, affecting the interception of photosynthetically active radiation and thus leaf photosynthetic capacity. The leaf movement state is related to soil water content. However, the relationship between diaheliotropic leaf movement characteristics and soil water content in cotton leaves, as well as its effect on leaf photosynthetic capacity is still unclear. In this study, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Xinluzao 45) was subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (control), moderate, and severe water deficit, with the relative soil water content in the 0–60 cm soil layer maintained at 75 ± 5 %, 55 ± 5 %, and 35 ± 5 % of the field capacity, respectively. The cotton leaves were categorized into two groups, free-moving and restrained leaves, to measure diurnal variations in midrib angle, incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and sucrose and starch content under different water treatments. The results showed that the degree of diaheliotropic leaf movement reached its maximum in the morning (before 12:00). Under water deficit conditions, the time of peak variation in leaf midrib angle was advanced by 0.5–2 h compared to the control. Under moderate water deficit, the rate of midrib angle change in free-moving leaves was 27.9 %–44.3 % higher than that of the control. Accordingly, their incident PPFD was 26.7 %–31.4 % higher and Pn was 19.3 %–35.1 % higher than those in restrained leaves. Free-moving leaves exhibited synergistic changes in sucrose accumulation and water potential under moderate water deficit, and the vascular tissue at the junction of leaf and petiole changed less than that under severe water deficit. Therefore, the production and transport of photoassimilates were not affected under moderate water deficit. The stabilized accumulation of photoassimilates mitigated water stress and enhanced the sensitivity of diaheliotropic leaf movement through sucrose-dominated osmotic adjustment.

棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）叶片具有明显的反日向性运动，影响光合有效辐射的截获，从而影响叶片的光合能力。叶片的运动状态与土壤含水量有关。然而，棉花叶片向日向运动特性与土壤含水量的关系及其对叶片光合能力的影响尚不清楚。本研究以棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L. cv.）对新陆早45号进行丰水（对照）、中度亏水和重度亏水3种水分处理，0 ~ 60 cm土层相对含水量分别保持在田间容量的75±5%、55±5%和35±5%。将棉花叶片分为自由叶片和受限叶片两组，测定不同水分处理下中脉角、入射光合光子通量密度（PPFD）、净光合速率（Pn）、蔗糖和淀粉含量的日变化。结果表明：叶片向日向运动程度在上午（12:00前）达到最大；水分亏缺条件下，叶片中脉角峰值变化时间比对照提前了0.5 ~ 2 h。中度水分亏缺条件下，自由活动叶片中脉角变化率比对照高27.9% ~ 44.3%。与对照叶片相比，其PPFD升高26.7% ~ 31.4%，Pn升高19.3% ~ 35.1%。中度亏水条件下，自由运动叶片的蔗糖积累和水势发生了协同变化，叶柄结合部维管组织的变化小于严重亏水条件下。因此，适度水分亏缺不影响光合产物的生产和运输。光同化物质的稳定积累减轻了水分胁迫，并通过蔗糖主导的渗透调节增强了叶片向日向运动的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Disentangling the climatic controls of maximum daily gross primary productivity across terrestrial ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere 解开北半球陆地生态系统最大日总初级生产力的气候控制

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111027

Zhaogang Liu , Miao Dou , Ming Zhao , Yirui Xin , Weikang Zhang

Gross primary productivity (GPP), along with its spatial and temporal variations, is a critical component of the global carbon cycle. Maximum daily GPP (GPP_max) is an important indicator of vegetation's physiological capacity and a primary determinant of ecosystem-level GPP. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of GPP_max and the underlying climatic controls remain poorly understood. This study synthesized GPP_max data from 859 site-years of eddy covariance observations across 103 flux tower sites in the Northern Hemisphere. We examined spatial patterns, interannual variability, and climatic drivers of GPP_max. GPP_max ranged from 0.87 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to 16.87 g C m⁻² d⁻¹, with a mean of 9.07 ± 3.15 g C m⁻² d⁻¹. Temperate ecosystems exhibited the highest GPP_max, with a mean value of 11.06 ± 2.32 g C m⁻² d⁻¹, whereas arid zones showed the lowest, averaging 6.14 ± 3.24 g C m⁻² d⁻¹. Forest ecosystems showed significantly higher GPP_max than other vegetation types. GPP_max increased with latitude up to 50 °N, then declined. Climatic factors, including radiation, temperature, and water availability, explained 46 % of the spatial variability. Interannual variability in GPP_max ranged from 0.37 % to 56.14 %, with the highest variability in arid zones. Radiation, temperature, and water availability were the dominant climatic drivers at 41 %, 30 %, and 29 % of sites, respectively. These findings provide new insights into the climatic controls and variability of ecosystem photosynthetic capacity, which can improve GPP estimates and contribute to more accurate carbon modeling and enhance predictions of vegetation responses to climate change.

总初级生产力（GPP）及其时空变化是全球碳循环的重要组成部分。最大日GPPmax是植被生理容量的重要指标，也是生态系统水平GPP的主要决定因素。然而，GPPmax的时空动态和潜在的气候控制仍然知之甚少。本研究综合了北半球103个通量塔站点859个站点年涡动相关方差观测的GPPmax数据。研究了GPPmax的空间格局、年际变化和气候驱动因素。GPPmax的范围从0.87 g cm - d⁻¹到16.87 g cm - d⁻¹，平均为9.07±3.15 g cm - d⁻¹。温带生态系统的GPPmax最高，平均为11.06±2.32 g C m⁻²d⁻¹，而干旱地区的GPPmax最低，平均为6.14±3.24 g C m⁻²d⁻¹。森林生态系统的GPPmax显著高于其他植被类型。GPPmax在50°N以内随纬度的增大先增大后减小。气候因素，包括辐射、温度和水的可用性，解释了46%的空间变异。GPPmax的年际变异在0.37% ~ 56.14%之间，以干旱区变异最大。辐射、温度和水分供应分别在41%、30%和29%的站点上是主要的气候驱动因素。这些发现为气候控制和生态系统光合能力的变化提供了新的见解，可以改善GPP估算，有助于更准确的碳模型和加强植被对气候变化响应的预测。

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引用次数: 0

Studying the impact of historical land use/land cover change (1900s–2020s) on land–atmosphere interactions in the Dongting Lake region 洞庭湖区历史土地利用/土地覆被变化（1900 - 2020年代）对陆气相互作用的影响

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111033

Liu Yang , Lunche Wang , Qian Cao , Deqing Yu , Shuchen Yu , Zigeng Niu , Qiuhua He , Jiankun Du

Unprecedented land use/land cover changes (LULCC) have occurred in the Dongting Lake region of China. However, the impact of fine-scale LULCC on land–atmosphere interactions on a centennial timescale in regions with complex geographical backgrounds remained unclear. In this study, historical records and remote sensing data were collected and interpreted to derive high-quality land use change datasets for the past century. Based on these datasets, high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations were conducted during a typical summer period (July–August 2018) for three different land cover scenarios: potential natural vegetation (L1900s), agricultural disturbance pattern (L1950s), and urban disturbance pattern (L2020s). The results showed that cropland expansion at the expense of lakes and forests was the most substantial LULCC. Centennial LULCC was associated with regional temperature increases, with lake shrinkage and urbanization both being key factors in driving daytime warming exceeding 1°C, while lake shrinkage induced nighttime cooling that exceeded daytime warming, leading to asymmetric diurnal temperature changes. Lake shrinkage appeared to play a major role in shaping the spatial pattern of atmospheric drying across the region, with a more pronounced reduction approximately 1.9 g/kg, in nighttime atmospheric moisture content. It also weakened wind speeds and caused more dispersed wind directions, while urban expansion enhanced rural-to-urban wind flows. LULCC reduced overall precipitation, with increased rainfall near the lake and decreased precipitation in distant mountainous areas. Our results offered critical insights for understanding lake regions with rapid land use transitions, helping to develop mitigation and adaption strategies under the global warming threat.

洞庭湖区出现了前所未有的土地利用/土地覆盖变化（LULCC）。然而，在复杂地理背景区域，精细尺度LULCC对百年尺度陆地-大气相互作用的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，收集并解释了过去一个世纪的历史记录和遥感数据，以获得高质量的土地利用变化数据集。基于这些数据集，在典型的夏季（2018年7 - 8月）对三种不同的土地覆盖情景进行了高分辨率天气研究与预报（WRF）模拟：潜在的自然植被（l1900）、农业干扰模式（l1950）和城市干扰模式（l2020）。结果表明，以牺牲湖泊和森林为代价的耕地扩张是最大的土地利用损失。百年LULCC与区域温度升高有关，湖泊萎缩和城市化都是推动白天升温超过1°C的关键因素，而湖泊萎缩导致夜间降温超过白天升温，导致昼夜温度变化不对称。湖泊萎缩似乎在形成整个区域大气干燥的空间格局中发挥了主要作用，夜间大气水分含量减少了约1.9 g/kg。它还削弱了风速，造成了更分散的风向，而城市扩张增强了城乡风的流动。LULCC减少了总体降水，湖附近降水增加，远山区降水减少。我们的研究结果为理解土地利用快速转型的湖泊地区提供了重要见解，有助于制定全球变暖威胁下的减缓和适应策略。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing evapotranspiration in rainfed and irrigated Alfalfa in the U.S. southern great plains using eddy covariance measurements and OpenET products 利用涡动相关测量和OpenET产品评估美国南部大平原雨养和灌溉苜蓿的蒸散量

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111032

Pradeep Wagle , Afshin Shayeghi , Nishan Bhattarai , Brian K. Northup , Corey Moffet , Stacey A. Gunter , Rudra Baral

Understanding the annual dynamics of water use by rainfed and irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can support its sustainable management. Changes in evapotranspiration (ET) and plant growth patterns of alfalfa across years are scarce and are not well understood in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States (U.S.). The objectives of this study were to investigate the dynamics of eddy covariance (EC) measured ET (ET_EC) and its controlling factors in rainfed and irrigated alfalfa and to compare ET_EC dynamics with OpenET products that provide several established remote sensing-based ET model products (METRIC, PTJPL, SIMS, SSEBop, SEBAL, and DisALEXI) across the western U.S. The ET_EC showed notable seasonal and interannual dynamics driven by meteorological conditions, vegetation dynamics, and water availability. Warmer and wetter conditions in April 2019 promoted initial alfalfa growth. Alfalfa’s water use (ET) mirrored its growth pattern throughout the year. Daily ET_EC rates and cumulative ET_EC at annual and seasonal scales were substantially lower than those reported for highly productive irrigated alfalfa in past studies. Satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and solar radiation (SR) explained 75% and 88% of variations in ET_EC for all sites combined at 8-day and monthly scales, respectively. It indicates the potential of developing empirical models using readily available EVI and SR data to monitor alfalfa ET across large areas. When compared to ET_EC, the performance of OpenET models varied widely, depending on field scenarios and criteria applied to model evaluations. SIMS and SSEBop demonstrated consistency and reliability in estimating ET for rainfed and irrigated alfalfa. DisALEXI and SEBAL performed poorly in irrigated alfalfa. METRIC and PTJPL exhibited poor performances under rainfed and irrigated conditions. By examining water use dynamics by alfalfa and the reliability of OpenET products, this study provides crucial information for effective water management practices for alfalfa.

了解雨养和灌溉苜蓿的年水分利用动态可以为其可持续管理提供支持。在美国南部大平原（SGP），紫花苜蓿的蒸散发（ET）和植物生长模式的年际变化很少，而且还没有得到很好的了解。本研究的目的是研究雨养和灌溉苜蓿的涡动相关（EC）测量ET （ETEC）的动态及其控制因素，并将ETEC动态与OpenET产品进行比较，OpenET产品提供了几种基于遥感的ET模型产品（METRIC， PTJPL， SIMS, SSEBop， SEBAL和DisALEXI）。ETEC在气象条件，植被动态，水的可用性。2019年4月温暖潮湿的环境促进了苜蓿的初始生长。紫花苜蓿的水分利用（ET）反映了其全年的生长模式。在年和季节尺度上，日ETEC率和累积ETEC显著低于以往高产灌溉苜蓿的研究报告。卫星衍生的增强植被指数（EVI）和太阳辐射（SR）分别解释了8天和月尺度下所有站点ETEC变化的75%和88%。这表明利用现成的EVI和SR数据开发经验模型来监测大面积紫花苜蓿ET的潜力。与ETEC相比，OpenET模型的性能差异很大，这取决于应用于模型评估的现场场景和标准。SIMS和SSEBop在估算雨养和灌溉苜蓿的蒸散发方面具有一致性和可靠性。DisALEXI和SEBAL在灌溉苜蓿上表现不佳。在雨灌条件下，METRIC和PTJPL表现出较差的性能。通过考察紫花苜蓿水分利用动态和OpenET产品的可靠性，本研究为紫花苜蓿有效的水分管理实践提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Warming-induced changes in leaf phenology could amplify the effects of spring drought on tree seedlings 暖化引起的叶片物候变化可以放大春旱对树苗的影响

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111022

Miguel Muñoz-Mazón , Rupert Seidl

Droughts are not only becoming more frequent and intense but are also increasingly occurring at different times of the year. Seasonal shifts in water availability, including changes in early growing-season precipitation, could lead to more frequent spring droughts in temperate ecosystems. However, the ecological effects of warming combined with water shortages at the start of the vegetation period remain incompletely understood. We conducted a climate chamber experiment to examine how warming temperatures (current, + 2 °C and + 4 °C) and the timing of drought (spring vs. summer) interact to affect seedling survival and growth of four temperate tree species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Sorbus aria) with contrasting leaf habit (deciduous vs. evergreen) and drought tolerance (low vs. high).

Using high temporal resolution data from regional weather stations we simulated realistic seasonal changes in weather and drought conditions at the submontane-montane ecotone of the northern Alps. We found that spring drought impacted seedling survival more strongly than summer drought. Under warmer climate, these effects were potentially amplified via two pathways: (i) higher atmospheric water demand and (ii) shifts in phenology that, when not matched by shifts in drought timing, expose seedlings to drought during particularly vulnerable development stages. Our results highlight that warming-induced advances in leaf phenology may compound the effects of drought. The simultaneously reduced efficiency of species adaptations to drought under higher temperatures suggests that hotter droughts could increasingly challenge tree regeneration in temperate forest ecosystems in a warming world.

干旱不仅变得更加频繁和严重，而且越来越多地发生在一年中的不同时间。水分供应的季节性变化，包括生长季早期降水的变化，可能导致温带生态系统中更频繁的春季干旱。然而，在植被期开始时，气候变暖和水资源短缺对生态的影响仍不完全清楚。我们进行了一个气候室实验，研究了温度升高（当前，+ 2°C和+ 4°C）和干旱时间（春季与夏季）如何相互作用，影响四种温带树种（云杉，西尔松，Fagus sylvatica, Sorbus aria）的幼苗存活和生长，这些树种具有不同的叶片习性（落叶与常绿）和耐旱性（低与高）。利用区域气象站的高时间分辨率数据，我们模拟了阿尔卑斯山北部亚山地-山地过渡带的天气和干旱条件的真实季节变化。春季干旱对幼苗成活率的影响大于夏季干旱。在气候变暖的情况下，这些影响可能通过两种途径被放大：(i)更高的大气需水量；（ii）物候变化，如果与干旱时间的变化不匹配，将使幼苗在特别脆弱的发育阶段暴露于干旱。我们的研究结果强调，变暖引起的叶片物候变化可能会加剧干旱的影响。在高温下，物种适应干旱的效率同时降低，这表明，在一个变暖的世界里，更热的干旱可能会日益挑战温带森林生态系统中的树木再生。

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引用次数: 0

Projected shifts in climate and spring barley yields under future (CMIP6) scenarios across eight environmental zones in Europe 欧洲8个环境区未来（CMIP6）情景下的气候变化和春大麦产量预测

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111024

M. Köster , M. Appiah , M.P. Hoffmann , I. Abdulai , A.H. Schulman , A. Maurer , K. Pillen , M. Trnka , M.A. Semenov , R.P. Rötter

Breeding of climate-resilient barley cultivars requires knowledge about shifts in climate hazards and potential yield impacts. This Europe-wide study aims to provide such information by using the latest (CMIP6) climate scenarios (six Global Climate Models x two emission scenarios SSP1-2.6 & SSP5-8.5 x two time slices, 2050s and 2080s) for crop model-based yield projections and generation of agroclimatic indicators to characterize climate-induced hazards and likely impacts on spring barley production conditions across environments within Europe. The results from analyses of 19 different sites were aggregated over eight environmental zones across Europe. For all zones, we found elevated growing season temperatures, which were associated with increased likelihoods of heat hazards across most zones. Phenological development was consequently accelerated, resulting in yield penalties across most zones, with up to 31 % yield reduction in the Mediterranean south under high emission scenarios for the 2080s. Such simulated losses were found to be compensated by CO₂ fertilisation effects under high emission scenarios (at 868 ppm CO₂). However, the fertilization effect was not uniform across zones and might mask production losses that are related to an increased exposure to extreme growing conditions not captured by the crop model. Based on our results, it can be concluded that rainfed barley production in Europe will very likely face more climate-related hazards, especially related to heat. This emphasizes the need for designing adaptation strategies that combine climate-resilient crop cultivars tailored to evolving climatic hazard combinations with sustainable management practices that are adapted to local conditions.

培育适应气候变化的大麦品种需要了解气候灾害的变化和潜在的产量影响。这项全欧洲范围的研究旨在通过使用最新的（CMIP6）气候情景（六个全球气候模型x两个排放情景SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5 x两个时间片，2050年代和2080年代）提供这些信息，用于基于作物模型的产量预测和农业气候指标的生成，以表征气候引起的危害和对欧洲各地春大麦生产条件的可能影响。对欧洲8个环境区的19个不同地点的分析结果汇总在一起。对于所有区域，我们发现生长季节温度升高，这与大多数区域热危害的可能性增加有关。物候发育因此加速，导致大多数地区的产量减少，在20世纪80年代的高排放情景下，地中海南部的产量减少高达31%。研究发现，在高排放情景（二氧化碳浓度为868 ppm）下，这种模拟损失可由CO2施肥效应补偿。然而，施肥效果在不同区域并不均匀，可能掩盖了作物模型未捕捉到的与极端生长条件暴露增加有关的生产损失。根据我们的研究结果，可以得出结论，欧洲的雨养大麦生产很可能面临更多与气候有关的危害，特别是与高温有关的危害。这强调需要设计适应战略，将适应不断变化的气候灾害组合的气候适应型作物品种与适应当地条件的可持续管理实践相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced precipitation and increased temperature alter soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a Mediterranean forest 降水减少和温度升高改变了地中海森林的土壤温室气体通量

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110994

Elena Villa-Sanabria , Alexandra Rodríguez , Antonio Gallardo , David Fangueiro , Lorena Gómez-Aparicio , Jorge Durán

Forest soils play a fundamental role in global climate regulation, generally acting as sources of CO₂ and N₂O, while serving as significant sinks for CH₄. Climate change may alter these greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets, particularly in Mediterranean forests, which are highly sensitive to changes in precipitation and temperature. Despite this vulnerability, experimental evidence on the combined effects of reduced precipitation and warming on GHG fluxes in these ecosystems remains limited. Using a manipulative experiment, we analyzed the isolated and combined short-term effects of reduced precipitation (∼30 % rainfall exclusion) and soil warming (∼0.5 °C increase) on soil GHG fluxes over two years in a Mediterranean forest in southern Spain. Rainfall exclusion led to an approximately 50 % decreased in soil CO₂ emissions and CH₄ uptake, whereas soil warming resulted in an approximately 10 % increase in both fluxes. In contrast, N₂O fluxes remained minimal and largely unresponsive to climatic treatments. Our results underscore the importance of rainfall exclusion as a regulator of GHG fluxes in these systems. Soil texture emerged as a key modulator of the impact of rainfall exclusion on net soil CH₄ uptake, with sandy soils being particularly vulnerable to losing their methane mitigation potential under drier conditions. Overall, our study reveals different patterns of interaction among reduced precipitation, warming and soil texture for the three GHG fluxes, posing challenges to predicting the future role of Mediterranean forests in the global GHG budget. Continued research is urgently needed to better understand how these interactions will shape the climate mitigation potential of water-limited ecosystems under future environmental scenarios.

森林土壤在全球气候调节中发挥着基础作用，通常作为CO2和N2O的来源，同时作为CH4的重要汇。气候变化可能会改变这些温室气体（GHG）收支，特别是对降水和温度变化高度敏感的地中海森林。尽管存在这种脆弱性，但关于降水减少和变暖对这些生态系统中温室气体通量的综合影响的实验证据仍然有限。通过操纵实验，我们分析了西班牙南部地中海森林两年内降水减少（~ 30%降雨排除）和土壤变暖（~ 0.5°C升高）对土壤温室气体通量的单独和联合短期影响。降雨排除导致土壤CO2排放量和CH4吸收量减少约50%，而土壤变暖导致这两种通量增加约10%。相比之下，N₂O通量仍然很小，并且对气候处理基本上没有反应。我们的研究结果强调了降雨排除作为这些系统中温室气体通量调节器的重要性。土壤质地是降雨排除对土壤净CH4吸收影响的关键调节因子，在干燥条件下，沙质土壤特别容易失去其甲烷减缓潜力。总体而言，我们的研究揭示了降水减少、变暖和土壤质地对三种温室气体通量的不同相互作用模式，这对预测地中海森林在全球温室气体收支中的未来作用提出了挑战。迫切需要继续研究，以更好地了解在未来环境情景下，这些相互作用将如何影响水资源有限的生态系统减缓气候变化的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Grazing influences salt marsh greenhouse gas balance mediated by plant-specific methane emissions 放牧影响植物甲烷排放介导的盐沼温室气体平衡

IF 5.7 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.111001

Dan Yang , Asger Buur Jensen , Zheng Gong , Linjing Ren , Brian K. Sorrell , Franziska Eller , Hans Brix

Salt marshes with high photosynthetic capacity play a crucial role in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) uptake, yet their climate benefit can be diminished by simultaneous methane (CH₄) emissions. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying CH₄ emissions and their impact on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance remains limited, particularly in marine-terrestrial gradient salt marshes under grazing management. Here, we quantified the CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes over a growing season across grazed and ungrazed communities dominated by Spartina anglica and Schoenoplectus maritimus in the low and middle marshes, as well as a grazed Phragmites australis-dominated community in the high marsh. Our results indicated that all communities functioned as net carbon sinks during the growing season, with a stronger carbon sequestration capacity observed in ungrazed communities. The grazed Phragmites-dominated community had high CH₄ emissions of 23.6 mg m^-2 h^-1, 21-fold greater than the combined CH₄ emissions from the other four communities, resulting in a net warming effect, in contrast to the net cooling effects of the ungrazed communities. Photosynthetic and respiratory CO₂ exchange were primarily driven by air temperature, whereas CH₄ emissions were predominantly controlled by plant species. Given the high CH₄ emissions from grazed Phragmites communities and the observed pattern of enhanced respiration and reduced photosynthesis under grazing, implementing targeted grazing management is crucial to restoring their net climate mitigation potential.

具有高光合能力的盐沼在大气二氧化碳（CO2）吸收中起着至关重要的作用，但它们的气候效益可能被同时排放的甲烷（CH4）所削弱。关于CH4排放机制及其对温室气体净平衡影响的知识仍然有限，特别是在放牧管理下的海陆梯度盐沼。在此基础上，我们量化了低、中沼泽以米草属和海桐属为主的放牧群落和未放牧群落，以及高沼泽以芦苇为主的放牧群落的生长季CO2和CH4通量。结果表明，所有群落在生长季均具有净碳汇功能，其中未放牧群落的固碳能力更强。放牧芦苇群落的CH4排放量高达23.6 mg m-2 h-1，是其他4个群落CH4总排放量的21倍，呈现净增温效应，而未放牧群落则呈现净降温效应。光合和呼吸CO2交换主要受气温驱动，而CH4排放主要受植物物种控制。考虑到放牧芦苇群落的高CH4排放以及放牧条件下观察到的呼吸增强和光合作用减少的模式，实施有针对性的放牧管理对恢复其净气候减缓潜力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0