Aggressive Behavior最新文献

Sensory processing of communication stimuli is essential for the survival of organisms across all evolutionary branches. Multimodal signaling, the use of multiple sensory systems is crucial in this process, but little is known about the relative importance of different senses used during aggression. We used the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, to test how visual and chemosensory signals in male–male interactions influence behavior. Males of this species exist in a dominance hierarchy, where brightly colored dominant individuals aggressively defend territories for reproductive activities. Focal males were presented with visual and chemosensory signals from other males either alone (unimodal) or together (bimodal). We found that vision is necessary for males to engage in aggressive behaviors such as frontal displays, lateral displays, and border fights. While chemical signals alone did not evoke aggressive behaviors, we find slight reductions of some aggressive behaviors when bimodal stimuli are provided. This study is the first to examine how visual–chemosensory signaling impacts male–male aggressive behavior in A. burtoni and provides insight on how these signaling modalities mediate territorial interactions.

The general aggression model (GAM) suggests that cyber-aggression stems from individual characteristics and situational contexts. Previous studies have focused on limited factors using linear models, leading to oversimplified predictions. This study used the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to identify and rank the importance of various risk and protective factors in cyber-aggression. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) technique estimated each variable's predictive effects, and two-dimensional partial dependence (PD) Plots examined interactions among predictors. Among 30 potential factors, the top five were attitudes toward violence, revenge motivation, anti-bullying attitudes, moral disengagement, and anger rumination. PD analysis showed significant interactions between protective factors (anti-bullying attitudes and moral reasoning) and risk factors (attitudes toward violence, revenge motivation, moral disengagement, and anger rumination). High scores on protective factors mitigated the impact of risk factors on cyber-aggression. These findings support and expand GAM, offering implications for reducing cyber-aggression among Chinese college students.

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) research has neglected the environmental factors at play in contexts of perpetration. This study, conducted in Chile, investigated the socio-cognitive processes inherent to the relationship between child abuse and ADV perpetration by examining the association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes that rationalize or justify ADV, and actual ADV perpetration. Data were collected from 655 adolescents using self-reported measures of child abuse, impulsivity, reactive and proactive aggression, attitudes justifying ADV, and ADV perpetration using structural equation modeling. Having experienced child abuse predicted higher levels of impulsivity, which in turn predicted higher levels of aggressive traits, both for reactive and proactive aggression. Proactive aggression predicted higher levels of ADV perpetration, whereas reactive aggression did not. While we did not find that child abuse predicted a greater propensity for ADV, nor that such a disposition indicated a higher level of proactive aggression by influencing ADV perpetration, we did find that a positive attitude toward ADV predicted a higher frequency of ADV perpetration. Our results suggest that the socio-cognitive process underlying ADV involves automatic and complex processes stemming from child abuse, thus linking environmental and individual factors.

Cyber aggression is prevalent among emerging adults and is associated with a range of mental and behavioral issues. One particularly concerning outcome is the widespread presence of suicidal ideation in this group, which poses a significant threat to their life. However, the specific impact of cyber aggression on suicidal ideation and the longitudinal mechanisms remains unclear. Hence, this study sought to address these gaps by applying the general aggression model (GAM). The investigation utilized three-wave longitudinal data with 6-month intervals from a large sample of Chinese emerging adults (N = 1568; 54.7% female; M_age = 19.70 [SD = 1.44], ranging from 17 to 26 years). The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was employed to explore the roles of depressive symptoms and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) between cyber aggression and suicidal ideation at both the between- and within-person levels. The findings indicated that, at the between-person level, there were trait-like associations between depressive symptoms and cyber aggression, NSSI, and suicidal ideation. At the within-person level, cyber aggression exhibited unidirectional positive cross-lagged effects on depressive symptoms and NSSI, and could subsequently indirectly lead to suicidal ideation via the contemporaneous associations from depressive symptoms and NSSI to suicidal ideation. These results not only align with GAM but also shed light on the underlying mechanisms linking cyber aggression to suicidal ideation. Also, the findings underscore the significance of maintaining a positive network environment for the well-being of all internet users even cyber aggression perpetrators.

Spitefulness has been defined as the willingness to cause some kind of harm to other people, even if this action does not bring any benefit and causes harm to herself. Given its relationship with a multitude of antisocial behaviors, interest in studying this trait has been growing and it was in 2014 when the first scale to measure it was validated: the Spitefulness Scale. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of its Spanish version. In a sample of 758 participants (M = 31.44; SD = 12.91; 72.80% female), the Spitefulness Scale, the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, the HEXACO-60, and the Global Assessment of Internet Trolling were administered. Results showed the unidimensionality of the scale, adequate reliability indices, and construct validity, evidenced by positive relationships with the Dark Tetrad traits and trolling behavior. Additionally, the analysis revealed significant gender differences, with males scoring higher on spitefulness. This Spanish validation allows us to establish a solid basis for cross-cultural comparisons. Understanding this trait, considered like the Dark Tetrad traits an antagonistic personality trait, has important implications for understanding the interpersonal and social dynamics. Given that spitefulness is closely related to aggressive behaviors, it is essential to study it to understand the underlying mechanisms of aggression and hostility in social interactions.

Three studies (N = 860) examined whether the pleasure of revenge predicts both vengeful and benevolent motivations toward the provocateur. Across all studies, self-reported positive affect was higher, whereas self-reported negative affect was lower after an instance of revenge. Furthermore, the revenge-related positive affect predicted greater subsequent vengeful and benevolent motivations toward the provocateur (but more consistently the former). These findings replicate and extend previous research on affect-improving qualities of revenge. They allow for a more nuanced understanding of the reinforcing nature of vengeful pleasure. Moreover, they suggest that the pleasure of revenge might be harnessed to promote forgiveness.

Bystanders play an important role in cyberbullying, yet the majority of bystanders remain silent as outsiders. To date, research on the measurement and influencing factors of outsider behavior in the context of cyberbullying is lacking. This research first adapted a valid and reliable instrument to measure this construct and then examined its influencing factors based on the arousal: cost-reward model. In Study 1, a total of 901 participants (55% female, mean age = 20.84) were randomly divided into two subsamples: one for exploratory factor analysis (n = 450) and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (n = 451). The final eight-item measurement had good reliability and validity with a three-factor structure of self-disengagement, cautious avoidance, and victim blaming. Study 2 investigated the relationships among the severity of cyberbullying incidents, empathic concern, cost for help, and outsider behavior. Among 331 participants (57% female, mean age = 21.08), 168 participants were randomly assigned to the high-severity group. Results found that the severity has indirect effects on the three outsider behavioral orientations through the empathic concern. Severity also has indirect effects on outsider behaviors of cautious avoidance and victim blaming through the influence of empathic concern on cost for help.