Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-9-19
T. Borisova
Purpose. The paper presents the results of a textological investigation of the Church Slavonic translation of the Akathist Hymn – the masterpiece of the Byzantine hymnography – based on East Slavic manuscripts of the 15th – 16th centuries. The author examined textological data proving the existence in the Russian area of a special (unknown n the South Slavic territories) version of the Akathist Hymn. The problems concerning the process of the appearance and the existence of that version in the East Slavic written tradition are discussed in the work.Results. That distinct version is presumably attributed to Metropolitan Cyprian (1330–1406) basing on the attribution of the manuscripts containing its full form, its South Slavic protograph (that fact was also proved with the usage of textological methods), as well as the language features of the corrections to the text of the hymn. Due to textological data it is also supposed that the correction to the text of the Akathist was performed by Cyprian after he had come to Rus and worked on the correction to the Psalter. The compiling process of the certain version of the Akathist with the Athonite version, that existed simultaneously in Rus, explains the diversity of textual traditions of the Akathist Hymn presented in Russian manuscripts of the 15th – 16th centuries.
{"title":"Akathist Hymn in the East Slavonic Literature of the 15th – 16th Centuries: On the Problem of the Existence of Russian Version","authors":"T. Borisova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-9-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-9-19","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The paper presents the results of a textological investigation of the Church Slavonic translation of the Akathist Hymn – the masterpiece of the Byzantine hymnography – based on East Slavic manuscripts of the 15th – 16th centuries. The author examined textological data proving the existence in the Russian area of a special (unknown n the South Slavic territories) version of the Akathist Hymn. The problems concerning the process of the appearance and the existence of that version in the East Slavic written tradition are discussed in the work.Results. That distinct version is presumably attributed to Metropolitan Cyprian (1330–1406) basing on the attribution of the manuscripts containing its full form, its South Slavic protograph (that fact was also proved with the usage of textological methods), as well as the language features of the corrections to the text of the hymn. Due to textological data it is also supposed that the correction to the text of the Akathist was performed by Cyprian after he had come to Rus and worked on the correction to the Psalter. The compiling process of the certain version of the Akathist with the Athonite version, that existed simultaneously in Rus, explains the diversity of textual traditions of the Akathist Hymn presented in Russian manuscripts of the 15th – 16th centuries.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"7 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-68-75
R. T. Muratova
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the names for the purple color in the Bashkir language, which function in several versions. The study is relevant due to the lack of research on the names of the color, not only in the Bashkir, but also in the Turkic languages in general. The study is carried out using descriptive, comparative-historical methods, and the method of lexicosemantic analysis. The electronic corpora of the Bashkir language, the dialectological base, and lexicographic works acted as linguistic material on the Bashkir language.Results. It was revealed that four types of names are used to designate purple in the Bashkir language: 1) a borrowing from Persian; 2) analytical names, consisting of a combination of two color designations; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language; 4) a dialect word. It has been established that these names differ from each other in terms of their scope: 1) the name šämäxä, borrowed from the Persian language, is used in the modern literary language; 2) the word körän, which means ‘brown’ in the literary language, is used in dialects; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language – miläwšä töθ (‘violets color’) – is used in publicism; 4) analytical names are presented in the colloquial language: qïðïl kük ‘red blue’, qïðɣïlt kük ‘lit. reddish-blue’, körän kük ‘brown-blue’, zäŋgär kük ‘bluish blue’.
{"title":"Terms for the Purple Color in the Bashkir Language","authors":"R. T. Muratova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-2-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the names for the purple color in the Bashkir language, which function in several versions. The study is relevant due to the lack of research on the names of the color, not only in the Bashkir, but also in the Turkic languages in general. The study is carried out using descriptive, comparative-historical methods, and the method of lexicosemantic analysis. The electronic corpora of the Bashkir language, the dialectological base, and lexicographic works acted as linguistic material on the Bashkir language.Results. It was revealed that four types of names are used to designate purple in the Bashkir language: 1) a borrowing from Persian; 2) analytical names, consisting of a combination of two color designations; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language; 4) a dialect word. It has been established that these names differ from each other in terms of their scope: 1) the name šämäxä, borrowed from the Persian language, is used in the modern literary language; 2) the word körän, which means ‘brown’ in the literary language, is used in dialects; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language – miläwšä töθ (‘violets color’) – is used in publicism; 4) analytical names are presented in the colloquial language: qïðïl kük ‘red blue’, qïðɣïlt kük ‘lit. reddish-blue’, körän kük ‘brown-blue’, zäŋgär kük ‘bluish blue’.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-82-94
I. Mamkina
In the mid-19th century, the Russian government started pushing forward the implementation of a policy to move its population eastward. This was done to strengthen the country’s position in the East and required coordination with China to establish state borders. The legal formalization of the boundaries resulted in the development of new mechanisms of border diplomacy for further interaction between both countries. However, there has been relatively little study of the approaches and tools used in Russian-Chinese diplomacy during this time. This article summarizes the history of establishing border commissariats on the Russian-Chinese border in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study is carried out using the narrative, structural, and functional method, the method of variance, and normative comparison. As a result, it finds out that in the 2nd half of the 19th century, diplomatic functions were shared between the Governor-General, border commissars, and diplomatic officials reporting to the Governor-General. The border commissar was a civil position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was represented by a civilian with the rank of state adviser. The Commissioner’s powers were subordinated to and supervised by the Far East region's Governor-General (military position), who overlooked diplomatic relations. Four border commissariats were set up in the Transbaikal, Amour, South Ussuri and Uryankhay regions. The author concludes that there was no unified system of border commissariats. Although the commissars shared professional duties, they acted independently and dealt with foreign policy issues specific to their region. Overall, the commissars' activities helped maintain socio-political stability in the Eastern border regions of the Russian Empire.
{"title":"Establishing Border Commissariats on the Russian-Chinese Border in the 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries","authors":"I. Mamkina","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-82-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-82-94","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-19th century, the Russian government started pushing forward the implementation of a policy to move its population eastward. This was done to strengthen the country’s position in the East and required coordination with China to establish state borders. The legal formalization of the boundaries resulted in the development of new mechanisms of border diplomacy for further interaction between both countries. However, there has been relatively little study of the approaches and tools used in Russian-Chinese diplomacy during this time. This article summarizes the history of establishing border commissariats on the Russian-Chinese border in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study is carried out using the narrative, structural, and functional method, the method of variance, and normative comparison. As a result, it finds out that in the 2nd half of the 19th century, diplomatic functions were shared between the Governor-General, border commissars, and diplomatic officials reporting to the Governor-General. The border commissar was a civil position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was represented by a civilian with the rank of state adviser. The Commissioner’s powers were subordinated to and supervised by the Far East region's Governor-General (military position), who overlooked diplomatic relations. Four border commissariats were set up in the Transbaikal, Amour, South Ussuri and Uryankhay regions. The author concludes that there was no unified system of border commissariats. Although the commissars shared professional duties, they acted independently and dealt with foreign policy issues specific to their region. Overall, the commissars' activities helped maintain socio-political stability in the Eastern border regions of the Russian Empire. ","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"21 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-44-55
M. Nakishova
This article focuses on the evolution of functionality of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty Peter the Great during his reign. Based on an analysis of materials from the collection of documents of the Cabinet stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts it indicates the scope of competence of the Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov (1674–1740) and the Cabinet of Peter the Great. The Cabinet of Peter the Great was engaged in financial support of administrative projects, building activities all-around Russia, military companies, diplomatic missions and many other things. In fact, it replaced and duplicated the functions of other institutions of central or local governments, more effectively solving the tasks since its head, Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov, had direct access to the monarch and had stable business ties with all state institutions without exception. The author also investigates how the role of this institution in the administrative system changed over time. The study shows the evolution from one clerk position, intended to be a personal royal secretariat, to an independent state institution with a broad scope of competence. The article concludes by arguing that the political significance of the Cabinet of Peter the Great directly depended on the place of A. V. Makarov in the system of public administration. Around the turn of the 1710s and 1720s, A. V. Makarov completely monopolized the intermediary function, through which the ruler was connected with other figures and institutions.
本文重点介绍了彼得大帝在位期间内阁职能的演变。根据对俄罗斯国家古代法案档案馆收藏的内阁文件材料的分析，文章指出了内阁秘书 A. V. Makarov（1674-1740 年）和彼得大帝内阁的职权范围。彼得大帝内阁从事行政项目的财政支持、俄罗斯各地的建设活动、军事公司、外交使团和许多其他事务。事实上，彼得大帝内阁取代并重复了中央或地方政府其他机构的职能，更有效地完成了任务，因为内阁首脑、内阁秘书阿-瓦-马卡洛夫（A. V. Makarov）可以直接与君主接触，并且毫无例外地与所有国家机构建立了稳定的业务联系。作者还研究了该机构在行政系统中的作用是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。研究显示了该机构从一个旨在成为王室私人秘书处的办事员职位演变为一个拥有广泛权限的独立国家机构的过程。文章最后认为，彼得大帝内阁的政治意义直接取决于阿-瓦-马卡洛夫在公共行政体系中的地位。大约在 17 世纪 10 年代和 20 年代之交，A. V. Makarov 完全垄断了中介职能，统治者通过中介职能与其他人物和机构建立联系。
{"title":"The Status and the Role of the Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov in the Process of Forming the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty as a State Institution","authors":"M. Nakishova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-44-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-44-55","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the evolution of functionality of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty Peter the Great during his reign. Based on an analysis of materials from the collection of documents of the Cabinet stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts it indicates the scope of competence of the Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov (1674–1740) and the Cabinet of Peter the Great. The Cabinet of Peter the Great was engaged in financial support of administrative projects, building activities all-around Russia, military companies, diplomatic missions and many other things. In fact, it replaced and duplicated the functions of other institutions of central or local governments, more effectively solving the tasks since its head, Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov, had direct access to the monarch and had stable business ties with all state institutions without exception. The author also investigates how the role of this institution in the administrative system changed over time. The study shows the evolution from one clerk position, intended to be a personal royal secretariat, to an independent state institution with a broad scope of competence. The article concludes by arguing that the political significance of the Cabinet of Peter the Great directly depended on the place of A. V. Makarov in the system of public administration. Around the turn of the 1710s and 1720s, A. V. Makarov completely monopolized the intermediary function, through which the ruler was connected with other figures and institutions.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"50 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-130-142
A. V. Maklyukov
The article analyzes the historical conditions, identifies channels, agents and features of the distribution of innovative products in the Russian Far East during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, using electrification as an example. It determines the role of electro-technical innovations in the modernization process of the region, highlighting the favorable historical conditions that developed for the diffusion of innovations in the Far East. The government policy, which aimed at opening up the Far Eastern economy and attracting foreign entrepreneurs, as well as the high susceptibility of the Far Eastern population to innovations, accelerated diffusion processes. The primary agents and translators of innovations were foreign nationals, particularly entrepreneurs from Germany. The study concludes that the diffusion processes of electrical innovations became the most crucial element of the modernization of the region, playing a critical role in forming the Far Eastern industry, developing urban amenities, changing everyday culture and improving the population's quality of life. The historical experience of electrification of the Far East at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries shows that the diffusion of innovations occurs as Russia moves along the path of modernization, its readiness for openness and strengthening contacts with foreign countries.
{"title":"Diffusion of Innovations in the Far East of Russia during the Late 19th to Early 20th Centuries (by the Example of Electrification)","authors":"A. V. Maklyukov","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-130-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-130-142","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the historical conditions, identifies channels, agents and features of the distribution of innovative products in the Russian Far East during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, using electrification as an example. It determines the role of electro-technical innovations in the modernization process of the region, highlighting the favorable historical conditions that developed for the diffusion of innovations in the Far East. The government policy, which aimed at opening up the Far Eastern economy and attracting foreign entrepreneurs, as well as the high susceptibility of the Far Eastern population to innovations, accelerated diffusion processes. The primary agents and translators of innovations were foreign nationals, particularly entrepreneurs from Germany. The study concludes that the diffusion processes of electrical innovations became the most crucial element of the modernization of the region, playing a critical role in forming the Far Eastern industry, developing urban amenities, changing everyday culture and improving the population's quality of life. The historical experience of electrification of the Far East at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries shows that the diffusion of innovations occurs as Russia moves along the path of modernization, its readiness for openness and strengthening contacts with foreign countries.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"48 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-19-30
E. V. Prikhodko
Most rock sanctuaries founded in the mountains of Taurus in the 1st – 3rd century AD had a votive character. These sanctuaries belonged to different deities. In southern Pisidia, three traditional rock sanctuaries of Apollo are known: in Perminus, near the city of Pednelissos, and near the ancient city, whose ruins are located near Kocaaliler. The iconography of Apollo in these sanctuaries differs from the image of a naked god familiar to the Greeks. On the votive stelae from Perminus, Apollo is represented as a rider-god, and in two other sanctuaries the image of the god reproduces the basic principles of the idea of the local god of the Pamphylian city of Side, the so-called Apollo Sidetes. But in the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD, a resident of the city of Adada named Leontianos founded near the road in Yazılı kanyon his “author’s” sanctuary. Based on the traditional votive principle, Leontianos carved on the rock his own verses containing hortations in Stoic philosophy and presented his walking stick as a gift to Apollo. This walking stick symbolized the rejection of reliance on everything material and the achievement of inner freedom, which was taught by Epictetus. The author provides a comparative description of these sanctuaries and points out how the idea of erecting an “author’s” sanctuary arose from the tradition of founding votive sanctuaries and how this new sanctuary differed from the traditional ones.
{"title":"Rock Sanctuaries of Apollo in Southern Pisidia: Traditional and “Author’s”","authors":"E. V. Prikhodko","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-19-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-19-30","url":null,"abstract":"Most rock sanctuaries founded in the mountains of Taurus in the 1st – 3rd century AD had a votive character. These sanctuaries belonged to different deities. In southern Pisidia, three traditional rock sanctuaries of Apollo are known: in Perminus, near the city of Pednelissos, and near the ancient city, whose ruins are located near Kocaaliler. The iconography of Apollo in these sanctuaries differs from the image of a naked god familiar to the Greeks. On the votive stelae from Perminus, Apollo is represented as a rider-god, and in two other sanctuaries the image of the god reproduces the basic principles of the idea of the local god of the Pamphylian city of Side, the so-called Apollo Sidetes. But in the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD, a resident of the city of Adada named Leontianos founded near the road in Yazılı kanyon his “author’s” sanctuary. Based on the traditional votive principle, Leontianos carved on the rock his own verses containing hortations in Stoic philosophy and presented his walking stick as a gift to Apollo. This walking stick symbolized the rejection of reliance on everything material and the achievement of inner freedom, which was taught by Epictetus. The author provides a comparative description of these sanctuaries and points out how the idea of erecting an “author’s” sanctuary arose from the tradition of founding votive sanctuaries and how this new sanctuary differed from the traditional ones. ","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-9-18
A. E. Demidchik, A. V. Khaprova
Although the ideological foundation of mutual aid within ancient Egyptian small social groups (family, neighbors, etc.) is mostly clear, very few written sources reveal such customs and practices of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. This gap is to some extent filled by Letters to the Dead – written requests for help addressed to deceased relatives, often mentioning mutual obligations of the living “sender” and the deceased “recipient”. Most “senders” of such letters require the “addressees” to follow the principle of reciprocity, a kind of do ut des: since the living contribute to the well-being of the dead by performing cult actions, the latter must now help the living. The rule of mutual assistance was so strict and pervasive that it transcended the boundary of life and death. The Letters to the Dead imply that deceased relatives remained firmly embedded in social networks of mutual aid. However, the most valued was not a strictly fixed “return” of the once received assistance, but the confidence that the person who received support will not fail to come to the aid of his “benefactor” if trouble happens to the latter. At the same time, the Letters to the Dead show that Egyptians considered it not too petty to refer to their former merits in desperate times: for example, to mention an offering of a bull leg and seven quails in a letter to the deceased parents.
{"title":"“I am your companion on earth, fight for me!”: Mutuality in Ancient Egyptian Letters to the Dead in the End of 3rd – the Beginning of 2nd Millennium BC","authors":"A. E. Demidchik, A. V. Khaprova","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-9-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-9-18","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ideological foundation of mutual aid within ancient Egyptian small social groups (family, neighbors, etc.) is mostly clear, very few written sources reveal such customs and practices of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. This gap is to some extent filled by Letters to the Dead – written requests for help addressed to deceased relatives, often mentioning mutual obligations of the living “sender” and the deceased “recipient”. Most “senders” of such letters require the “addressees” to follow the principle of reciprocity, a kind of do ut des: since the living contribute to the well-being of the dead by performing cult actions, the latter must now help the living. The rule of mutual assistance was so strict and pervasive that it transcended the boundary of life and death. The Letters to the Dead imply that deceased relatives remained firmly embedded in social networks of mutual aid. However, the most valued was not a strictly fixed “return” of the once received assistance, but the confidence that the person who received support will not fail to come to the aid of his “benefactor” if trouble happens to the latter. At the same time, the Letters to the Dead show that Egyptians considered it not too petty to refer to their former merits in desperate times: for example, to mention an offering of a bull leg and seven quails in a letter to the deceased parents.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-31-43
L. V. Deriglazova, A. Pogorelskaya
The article aims to reveal the changes in studies of Russian literature in Russia and the United Kingdom in the last three decades. The authors use the concept of the Russian literary canon to highlight the differences in the content and focus of the study of Russian literature. The empirical base of the research is Russian official documents, school textbooks, syllabi of university courses in Russian literature, and the collections of university libraries in the UK. Russian literary canon has changed to bridge the ideological break in Russian literature of the twentieth century. In Russia, the main channel for transmitting the canon is school education. The study of literature is supposed to ensure the formation of national identity, patriotism, humanistic values, and understanding of the exclusivity of Russian literature. The national canon understood as “compulsory reading”, performs socializing, educational, and stabilizing functions. The study of Russian literature in the UK began in the late 19th century at universities, where course content reflected the changing political context. Library collections and university curricula demonstrate the wide range of authors and research topics studied. The study of Russian literature in the UK could not be defined through the Russian literature canon as there is no mandatory reading, and it is studied mainly in translation. Thus, there is no connection between language and literature. The stable interest in the UK towards Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries confirms that it belongs to the world’s cultural heritage beyond national borders.
{"title":"Historical Transformations of the Russian Literary Canon in Russia and the United Kingdom","authors":"L. V. Deriglazova, A. Pogorelskaya","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-31-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-31-43","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to reveal the changes in studies of Russian literature in Russia and the United Kingdom in the last three decades. The authors use the concept of the Russian literary canon to highlight the differences in the content and focus of the study of Russian literature. The empirical base of the research is Russian official documents, school textbooks, syllabi of university courses in Russian literature, and the collections of university libraries in the UK. Russian literary canon has changed to bridge the ideological break in Russian literature of the twentieth century. In Russia, the main channel for transmitting the canon is school education. The study of literature is supposed to ensure the formation of national identity, patriotism, humanistic values, and understanding of the exclusivity of Russian literature. The national canon understood as “compulsory reading”, performs socializing, educational, and stabilizing functions. The study of Russian literature in the UK began in the late 19th century at universities, where course content reflected the changing political context. Library collections and university curricula demonstrate the wide range of authors and research topics studied. The study of Russian literature in the UK could not be defined through the Russian literature canon as there is no mandatory reading, and it is studied mainly in translation. Thus, there is no connection between language and literature. The stable interest in the UK towards Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries confirms that it belongs to the world’s cultural heritage beyond national borders.","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-44-55
M. Nakishova
This article focuses on the evolution of functionality of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty Peter the Great during his reign. Based on an analysis of materials from the collection of documents of the Cabinet stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts it indicates the scope of competence of the Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov (1674–1740) and the Cabinet of Peter the Great. The Cabinet of Peter the Great was engaged in financial support of administrative projects, building activities all-around Russia, military companies, diplomatic missions and many other things. In fact, it replaced and duplicated the functions of other institutions of central or local governments, more effectively solving the tasks since its head, Cabinet Secretary A. V. Makarov, had direct access to the monarch and had stable business ties with all state institutions without exception. The author also investigates how the role of this institution in the administrative system changed over time. The study shows the evolution from one clerk position, intended to be a personal royal secretariat, to an independent state institution with a broad scope of competence. The article concludes by arguing that the political significance of the Cabinet of Peter the Great directly depended on the place of A. V. Makarov in the system of public administration. Around the turn of the 1710s and 1720s, A. V. Makarov completely monopolized the intermediary function, through which the ruler was connected with other figures and institutions.
本文重点介绍了彼得大帝在位期间内阁职能的演变。根据对俄罗斯国家古代法案档案馆收藏的内阁文件材料的分析，文章指出了内阁秘书 A. V. Makarov（1674-1740 年）和彼得大帝内阁的职权范围。彼得大帝内阁从事行政项目的财政支持、俄罗斯各地的建设活动、军事公司、外交使团和许多其他事务。事实上，彼得大帝内阁取代并重复了中央或地方政府其他机构的职能，更有效地完成了任务，因为内阁首脑、内阁秘书阿-瓦-马卡洛夫（A. V. Makarov）可以直接与君主接触，并且毫无例外地与所有国家机构建立了稳定的业务联系。作者还研究了该机构在行政系统中的作用是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。研究显示了该机构从一个旨在成为王室私人秘书处的办事员职位演变为一个拥有广泛权限的独立国家机构的过程。文章最后认为，彼得大帝内阁的政治意义直接取决于阿-瓦-马卡洛夫在公共行政体系中的地位。大约在 17 世纪 10 年代和 20 年代之交，A. V. Makarov 完全垄断了中介职能，统治者通过中介职能与其他人物和机构建立联系。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-143-159
T. I. Morozova, V. I. Shishkin
The article explores the ideas of the Siberian peasantry regarding Soviet authorities during the Russian Civil War and the Period of Implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The importance of this issue lies in the fact that the population’s perception of the governing bodies plays a significant role in the life of any society since it influences the political sentiments and the behavior of different social groups. However, this topic has not been extensively studied by Russian or international historiography. The research is based on a wide range of official documents, including newly discovered ones, produced by various Communist Party (Bolsheviks) bodies, the Joint State Political Directorate, and letters from ordinary people to authorities. The authors of the article analyze how different categories of Siberian peasants imagined the Soviet power vertical, what factors and how influenced formation and transformation of ideas about authorities during the Russian Civil War and NEP period. The article concludes by arguing that different social groups of the Siberian peasantry had different perceptions of Soviet authorities, which did not remain unchanged but varied over time. From the end of 1917 until the end of 1919, ideas about the Soviet authorities arose mainly independently, without significant external influence. The situation changed after the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The government’s policies and practices of implementation were the determining factors that shaped the image of the Soviet authorities throughout the 1920s
{"title":"Image of the Soviet Authorities in the Perception of the Siberian Peasants during the Russian Civil War and the Period of New Economic Policy","authors":"T. I. Morozova, V. I. Shishkin","doi":"10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-143-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-1-143-159","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the ideas of the Siberian peasantry regarding Soviet authorities during the Russian Civil War and the Period of Implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The importance of this issue lies in the fact that the population’s perception of the governing bodies plays a significant role in the life of any society since it influences the political sentiments and the behavior of different social groups. However, this topic has not been extensively studied by Russian or international historiography. The research is based on a wide range of official documents, including newly discovered ones, produced by various Communist Party (Bolsheviks) bodies, the Joint State Political Directorate, and letters from ordinary people to authorities. The authors of the article analyze how different categories of Siberian peasants imagined the Soviet power vertical, what factors and how influenced formation and transformation of ideas about authorities during the Russian Civil War and NEP period. The article concludes by arguing that different social groups of the Siberian peasantry had different perceptions of Soviet authorities, which did not remain unchanged but varied over time. From the end of 1917 until the end of 1919, ideas about the Soviet authorities arose mainly independently, without significant external influence. The situation changed after the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The government’s policies and practices of implementation were the determining factors that shaped the image of the Soviet authorities throughout the 1920s","PeriodicalId":508489,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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