Sodium hypophosphite is a promising green source for generating clean elemental hydrogen without pollutants. This study presents the development of an efficient heterogeneous catalyst, Ru/g-C3N4 (Ru/GCN), for hydrogen generation from sodium hypophosphite. The Ru/GCN catalyst demonstrates excellent activity under mild reaction conditions and maintains its effectiveness over multiple cycles without significant loss of activity. This easily separable and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst is straightforward to operate, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and provides a cost-effective alternative to the extensive use of expensive noble metals, which have limited industrial applications. The Ru/GCN catalyst was characterized using various material characterization and spectral methods, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hypophosphite, combined with the catalytically active and recyclable Ru/GCN catalyst, forms a system with high potential for industrial-scale hydrogen production, suggesting promising avenues for further research and application.
次磷酸钠是一种很有前景的绿色资源，可用于生成无污染物的清洁氢元素。本研究介绍了一种用于次磷酸钠制氢的高效异相催化剂 Ru/g-C3N4 (Ru/GCN)。在温和的反应条件下，Ru/GCN 催化剂表现出卓越的活性，并能在多次循环中保持其有效性，而不会明显丧失活性。这种易分离、可回收的异相催化剂操作简便、无毒、环保，为广泛使用昂贵的贵金属提供了具有成本效益的替代方案，而贵金属在工业上的应用有限。Ru/GCN 催化剂的表征采用了多种材料表征和光谱方法，包括粉末 X 射线衍射 (PXRD)、傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR)、热重分析 (TGA)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDS) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)。次亚磷酸酯与具有催化活性且可回收的 Ru/GCN 催化剂结合，形成了一个极具工业规模制氢潜力的系统，为进一步的研究和应用提供了广阔的前景。
{"title":"Ru/GCN Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Sodium Hypophosphite","authors":"Ron Shirman, Sourav Chakraborty, Y. Sasson","doi":"10.3390/nano14141187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141187","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium hypophosphite is a promising green source for generating clean elemental hydrogen without pollutants. This study presents the development of an efficient heterogeneous catalyst, Ru/g-C3N4 (Ru/GCN), for hydrogen generation from sodium hypophosphite. The Ru/GCN catalyst demonstrates excellent activity under mild reaction conditions and maintains its effectiveness over multiple cycles without significant loss of activity. This easily separable and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst is straightforward to operate, non-toxic, eco-friendly, and provides a cost-effective alternative to the extensive use of expensive noble metals, which have limited industrial applications. The Ru/GCN catalyst was characterized using various material characterization and spectral methods, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hypophosphite, combined with the catalytically active and recyclable Ru/GCN catalyst, forms a system with high potential for industrial-scale hydrogen production, suggesting promising avenues for further research and application.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sihtmäe, Jüri Laanoja, I. Blinova, A. Kahru, K. Kasemets
All novel materials should be analyzed for their potential environmental hazard. In this study, the toxicity of different silver–chitosan nanocomposites—potential candidates for wound dressings or antimicrobial surface coatings—was evaluated using environmentally relevant aquatic microcrustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and naturally luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Three silver-chitosan nanocomposites (nAgCSs) with different weight ratios of Ag to CS were studied. Citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (nAg-Cit), AgNO3 (ionic control) and low molecular weight chitosan (LMW CS) were evaluated in parallel. The primary size of nAgCSs was ~50 nm. The average hydrodynamic sizes in deionized water were ≤100 nm, and the zeta potential values were positive (16–26 mV). The nAgCSs proved very toxic to aquatic crustaceans: the 48-h EC50 value for D. magna was 0.065–0.232 mg/L, and the 24-h LC50 value for T. platyurus was 0.25–1.04 mg/L. The toxic effect correlated with the shedding of Ag ions (about 1%) from nAgCSs. Upon exposure of V. fischeri to nAgCSs for 30 min, bacterial luminescence was inhibited by 50% at 13–33 mg/L. However, the inhibitory effect (minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC) on bacterial growth upon 1 h exposure was observed at higher concentrations of nAgCSs, 40–65 mg/L. LMW CS inhibited bacterial luminescence upon 30-min exposure at 5.6 mg/L, but bacterial growth was inhibited at a much higher concentration (1 h MBC > 100 mg/L). The multi-trophic test battery, where D. magna was the most sensitive test organism, ranked the silver-chitosan nanocomposites from ‘extremely toxic’ [L(E)C50 ≤ 0.1 mg/L] to ‘very toxic’ [L(E)C50 > 0.1–1 mg/L]. Chitosan was toxic (EC(L)50) to crustaceans at ~12 mg/L, and ranked accordingly as ‘harmful’ [L(E)C50 > 10–100 mg/L]. Thus, silver-chitosan nanocomposites may pose a hazard to aquatic organisms and must be handled accordingly.
{"title":"Toxicity of Silver–Chitosan Nanocomposites to Aquatic Microcrustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and Naturally Luminescent Bacteria Vibrio fischeri","authors":"M. Sihtmäe, Jüri Laanoja, I. Blinova, A. Kahru, K. Kasemets","doi":"10.3390/nano14141193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141193","url":null,"abstract":"All novel materials should be analyzed for their potential environmental hazard. In this study, the toxicity of different silver–chitosan nanocomposites—potential candidates for wound dressings or antimicrobial surface coatings—was evaluated using environmentally relevant aquatic microcrustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and naturally luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Three silver-chitosan nanocomposites (nAgCSs) with different weight ratios of Ag to CS were studied. Citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (nAg-Cit), AgNO3 (ionic control) and low molecular weight chitosan (LMW CS) were evaluated in parallel. The primary size of nAgCSs was ~50 nm. The average hydrodynamic sizes in deionized water were ≤100 nm, and the zeta potential values were positive (16–26 mV). The nAgCSs proved very toxic to aquatic crustaceans: the 48-h EC50 value for D. magna was 0.065–0.232 mg/L, and the 24-h LC50 value for T. platyurus was 0.25–1.04 mg/L. The toxic effect correlated with the shedding of Ag ions (about 1%) from nAgCSs. Upon exposure of V. fischeri to nAgCSs for 30 min, bacterial luminescence was inhibited by 50% at 13–33 mg/L. However, the inhibitory effect (minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC) on bacterial growth upon 1 h exposure was observed at higher concentrations of nAgCSs, 40–65 mg/L. LMW CS inhibited bacterial luminescence upon 30-min exposure at 5.6 mg/L, but bacterial growth was inhibited at a much higher concentration (1 h MBC > 100 mg/L). The multi-trophic test battery, where D. magna was the most sensitive test organism, ranked the silver-chitosan nanocomposites from ‘extremely toxic’ [L(E)C50 ≤ 0.1 mg/L] to ‘very toxic’ [L(E)C50 > 0.1–1 mg/L]. Chitosan was toxic (EC(L)50) to crustaceans at ~12 mg/L, and ranked accordingly as ‘harmful’ [L(E)C50 > 10–100 mg/L]. Thus, silver-chitosan nanocomposites may pose a hazard to aquatic organisms and must be handled accordingly.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Yu, Zhaokang Zheng, Aiwu Wang, Muhammad Humayun, Y. A. Attia
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is an attractive semiconductor. Thus, bandgap engineering toward photoelectronic applications is appealing yet not well studied. Here, we report the incorporation of sulfur atoms into MoO3, using sulfur powder as a source of sulfur, via a self-developed hydrothermal synthesis approach. The formation of Mo-S bonds in the MoO3 material with the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies (designated as S-MoO3−x) is confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The bandgap is tuned from 2.68 eV to 2.57 eV upon sulfur doping, as confirmed by UV-VIS DRS spectra. Some MoS2 phase is identified with sulfur doping by referring to the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), allowing significantly improved charge carrier separation and electron transfer efficiency. Therefore, the as-prepared S-MoO3−x delivers a sensitive photocurrent response and splendid cycling stability. This study on the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies provides key insights into the impact of doping strategies on MoO3 performance, paving new pathways for its optimization and development in relevant fields.
{"title":"MoO3 with the Synergistic Effect of Sulfur Doping and Oxygen Vacancies: The Influence of S Doping on the Structure, Morphology, and Optoelectronic Properties","authors":"Jian Yu, Zhaokang Zheng, Aiwu Wang, Muhammad Humayun, Y. A. Attia","doi":"10.3390/nano14141189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141189","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is an attractive semiconductor. Thus, bandgap engineering toward photoelectronic applications is appealing yet not well studied. Here, we report the incorporation of sulfur atoms into MoO3, using sulfur powder as a source of sulfur, via a self-developed hydrothermal synthesis approach. The formation of Mo-S bonds in the MoO3 material with the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies (designated as S-MoO3−x) is confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The bandgap is tuned from 2.68 eV to 2.57 eV upon sulfur doping, as confirmed by UV-VIS DRS spectra. Some MoS2 phase is identified with sulfur doping by referring to the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), allowing significantly improved charge carrier separation and electron transfer efficiency. Therefore, the as-prepared S-MoO3−x delivers a sensitive photocurrent response and splendid cycling stability. This study on the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies provides key insights into the impact of doping strategies on MoO3 performance, paving new pathways for its optimization and development in relevant fields.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. N. Patel, Brian W. Goodfellow, A. Heitsch, Detlef-Matthias Smilgies, B. Korgel
Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) was used to study the structure and interparticle spacing of monolayers of organic ligand-stabilized iron oxide nanocrystals floating at the air–water interface on a Langmuir trough, and after transfer to a solid support via the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. GISAXS measurements of the nanocrystal arrangement at the air–water interface showed that lateral compression decreased the interparticle spacing of continuous films. GISAXS also revealed that Langmuir–Blodgett transfer of the nanocrystal layers to a silicon substrate led to a stretching of the film, with a significant increase in interparticle spacing.
利用掠入射小角 X 射线散射（GISAXS）研究了有机配体稳定的氧化铁纳米晶体单层的结构和粒子间距，这些单层漂浮在空气-水界面的朗缪尔槽上，并通过朗缪尔-布洛杰特技术转移到固体支持物上。对空气-水界面上的纳米晶体排列进行的 GISAXS 测量表明，横向压缩减小了连续薄膜的粒子间距。GISAXS 还显示，将纳米晶体层转移到硅衬底上的 Langmuir-Blodgett 技术导致了薄膜的拉伸，并显著增加了粒子间距。
{"title":"Langmuir–Blodgett Transfer of Nanocrystal Monolayers: Layer Compaction, Layer Compression, and Lattice Stretching of the Transferred Layer","authors":"R. N. Patel, Brian W. Goodfellow, A. Heitsch, Detlef-Matthias Smilgies, B. Korgel","doi":"10.3390/nano14141192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141192","url":null,"abstract":"Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) was used to study the structure and interparticle spacing of monolayers of organic ligand-stabilized iron oxide nanocrystals floating at the air–water interface on a Langmuir trough, and after transfer to a solid support via the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. GISAXS measurements of the nanocrystal arrangement at the air–water interface showed that lateral compression decreased the interparticle spacing of continuous films. GISAXS also revealed that Langmuir–Blodgett transfer of the nanocrystal layers to a silicon substrate led to a stretching of the film, with a significant increase in interparticle spacing.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NaNbO3(NN)-based lead-free materials are attracting widespread attention due to their environment-friendly and complex phase transitions, which can satisfy the miniaturization and integration for future electronic components. However, NN materials usually have large remanent polarization and obvious hysteresis, which are not conducive to energy storage. In this work, we investigated the effect of introducing CaTiO3((1−x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3) on the physical properties of NN. The results indicated that as x increased, the surface topography, oxygen vacancy and dielectric loss of the thin films were significantly improved when optimal value was achieved at x = 0.1. Moreover, the 0.9NN-0.1CT thin film shows reversible polarization domain structures and well-established piezoresponse hysteresis loops. These results indicate that our thin films have potential application in future advanced pulsed power electronics.
NaNbO3（NN）基无铅材料因其环境友好性和复杂的相变，能够满足未来电子元件小型化和集成化的要求而受到广泛关注。然而，NN 材料通常具有较大的剩电位极化和明显的滞后现象，不利于储能。在这项工作中，我们研究了引入 CaTiO3((1-x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3) 对 NN 物理性质的影响。结果表明，随着 x 的增加，薄膜的表面形貌、氧空位和介电损耗都得到了显著改善，x = 0.1 时达到了最佳值。此外，0.9NN-0.1CT 薄膜显示出可逆的极化域结构和完善的压电响应磁滞环。这些结果表明，我们的薄膜在未来先进的脉冲功率电子器件中具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"Physical Properties of CaTiO3-Modified NaNbO3 Thin Films","authors":"Yongmei Xue, Li Ma, Zhuokun Han, Jianwei Liu, Zejun Wang, Pengcheng Liu, Yu Zhang, Huijuan Dong","doi":"10.3390/nano14141186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141186","url":null,"abstract":"NaNbO3(NN)-based lead-free materials are attracting widespread attention due to their environment-friendly and complex phase transitions, which can satisfy the miniaturization and integration for future electronic components. However, NN materials usually have large remanent polarization and obvious hysteresis, which are not conducive to energy storage. In this work, we investigated the effect of introducing CaTiO3((1−x)NaNbO3-xCaTiO3) on the physical properties of NN. The results indicated that as x increased, the surface topography, oxygen vacancy and dielectric loss of the thin films were significantly improved when optimal value was achieved at x = 0.1. Moreover, the 0.9NN-0.1CT thin film shows reversible polarization domain structures and well-established piezoresponse hysteresis loops. These results indicate that our thin films have potential application in future advanced pulsed power electronics.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficient detection of n-butanol, which is in demand for highly sensitive materials, is essential for multiple applications. A nonaqueous method was applied to prepare NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using benzyl alcohol as a solvent, which shows a size of 7.9 ± 1.6 nm and a large surface area of 82.23 m2/g. To further improve the sensing performance for n-butanol, Pd/PdO functionalization was sensitized with NiFe2O4 NPs. Gas sensing results demonstrate that the Pd/PdO-NiFe2O4 exhibits an enhanced response of 36.9 to 300 ppm n-butanol and a fast response and recovery time (18.2/17.6 s) at 260 °C. Furthermore, the Pd/PdO-NiFe2O4-based sensor possesses a good linear relationship between responses and the n-butanol concentration from 1 to 1000 ppm, and great selectivity against other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The excellent sensing enhancement is attributed to the catalytic effects of Pd/PdO, the increase of oxygen vacancies, and the formation of heterojunction between PdO and NiFe2O4. Thus, this study offers an effective route for the synthesis of Pd/PdO-functionalized NiFe2O4 NPs to achieve n-butanol detection with excellent sensing performance.
{"title":"Nonaqueous Synthesis of Pd/PdO-Functionalized NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles Enabled Enhancing n-Butanol Detection","authors":"Hongyang Wu, Chen Chen","doi":"10.3390/nano14141188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141188","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient detection of n-butanol, which is in demand for highly sensitive materials, is essential for multiple applications. A nonaqueous method was applied to prepare NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using benzyl alcohol as a solvent, which shows a size of 7.9 ± 1.6 nm and a large surface area of 82.23 m2/g. To further improve the sensing performance for n-butanol, Pd/PdO functionalization was sensitized with NiFe2O4 NPs. Gas sensing results demonstrate that the Pd/PdO-NiFe2O4 exhibits an enhanced response of 36.9 to 300 ppm n-butanol and a fast response and recovery time (18.2/17.6 s) at 260 °C. Furthermore, the Pd/PdO-NiFe2O4-based sensor possesses a good linear relationship between responses and the n-butanol concentration from 1 to 1000 ppm, and great selectivity against other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The excellent sensing enhancement is attributed to the catalytic effects of Pd/PdO, the increase of oxygen vacancies, and the formation of heterojunction between PdO and NiFe2O4. Thus, this study offers an effective route for the synthesis of Pd/PdO-functionalized NiFe2O4 NPs to achieve n-butanol detection with excellent sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Algama, Jamil Basir, Kalani M Wijesinghe, Soma Dhakal
The use of DNA structures in creating multimodal logic gates bears high potential for building molecular devices and computation systems. However, due to the complex designs or complicated working principles, the implementation of DNA logic gates within molecular devices and circuits is still quite limited. Here, we designed simple four-way DNA logic gates that can serve as multimodal platforms for simple to complex operations. Using the proximity quenching of the fluorophore–quencher pair in combination with the toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) strategy, we have successfully demonstrated that the fluorescence output, which is a result of gate opening, solely relies on the oligonucleotide(s) input. We further demonstrated that this strategy can be used to create multimodal (tunable displacement initiation sites on the four-way platform) logic gates including YES, AND, OR, and the combinations thereof. The four-way DNA logic gates developed here bear high promise for building biological computers and next-generation smart molecular circuits with biosensing capabilities.
利用 DNA 结构创建多模态逻辑门在构建分子设备和计算系统方面具有巨大潜力。然而，由于设计复杂或工作原理复杂，DNA 逻辑门在分子设备和电路中的应用仍然相当有限。在这里，我们设计了简单的四向 DNA 逻辑门，可作为多模式平台进行从简单到复杂的操作。利用荧光团-淬灭剂对的近距离淬灭与趾hold介导的链置换（TMSD）策略相结合，我们成功地证明了栅极打开时的荧光输出完全依赖于寡核苷酸的输入。我们进一步证明，这种策略可用于创建多模式（四向平台上的可调位移起始位点）逻辑门，包括YES、AND、OR及其组合。这里开发的四向 DNA 逻辑门很有希望用于构建生物计算机和具有生物传感功能的下一代智能分子电路。
{"title":"Fluorescence-Based Multimodal DNA Logic Gates","authors":"C. Algama, Jamil Basir, Kalani M Wijesinghe, Soma Dhakal","doi":"10.3390/nano14141185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141185","url":null,"abstract":"The use of DNA structures in creating multimodal logic gates bears high potential for building molecular devices and computation systems. However, due to the complex designs or complicated working principles, the implementation of DNA logic gates within molecular devices and circuits is still quite limited. Here, we designed simple four-way DNA logic gates that can serve as multimodal platforms for simple to complex operations. Using the proximity quenching of the fluorophore–quencher pair in combination with the toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) strategy, we have successfully demonstrated that the fluorescence output, which is a result of gate opening, solely relies on the oligonucleotide(s) input. We further demonstrated that this strategy can be used to create multimodal (tunable displacement initiation sites on the four-way platform) logic gates including YES, AND, OR, and the combinations thereof. The four-way DNA logic gates developed here bear high promise for building biological computers and next-generation smart molecular circuits with biosensing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Ruggeri, Dalila Miele, L. Caliogna, Eleonora Bianchi, Johannes Maui Jepsen, B. Vigani, Silvia Rossi, G. Sandri
The high rate of rejection and failure of orthopedic implants is primarily attributed to incomplete osseointegration and stress at the implant-to-bone interface due to significant differences in the mechanical properties of the implant and the surrounding bone. Various surface treatments have been developed to enhance the osteoconductive properties of implants. The aim of this work was the in vitro characterization of titanium alloy modified with a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite surface layer in relative comparison to unmodified controls. This investigation focused on the behavior of the surface treatment in relation to the physiological environment. Moreover, the osteogenic response of human osteoblasts and adipose stem cells was assessed. Qualitative characterization of cellular interaction was performed via confocal laser scanning microscopy focusing on the cell nuclei and cytoskeletons. Filipodia were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The results highlight that the HA treatment promotes protein adhesion as well as gene expression of osteoblasts and stem cells, which is relevant for the inorganic and organic components of the extracellular matrix and bone. In particular, cells grown onto HA-modified titanium alloy are able to promote ECM production, leading to a high expression of collagen I and non-collagenous proteins, which are crucial for regulating mineral matrix formation. Moreover, they present an impressive amount of filipodia having long extensions all over the test surface. These findings suggest that the HA surface treatment under investigation effectively enhances the osteoconductive properties of Ti6Al4V ELI.
骨科植入物排斥和失败率高的主要原因是骨结合不完全，以及植入物与周围骨的机械性能存在显著差异，导致植入物与骨界面存在应力。为了提高种植体的骨传导性能，人们开发了各种表面处理方法。这项工作的目的是对使用纳米羟基磷灰石表层修饰的钛合金进行体外表征，并与未修饰的对照组进行比较。这项研究的重点是表面处理与生理环境的关系。此外，还评估了人类成骨细胞和脂肪干细胞的成骨反应。通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对细胞核和细胞骨架进行了定性分析。使用扫描电子显微镜对 Filipodia 进行了评估。结果表明，HA 处理可促进蛋白质粘附以及成骨细胞和干细胞的基因表达，这与细胞外基质和骨骼的无机和有机成分有关。特别是，在 HA 改性钛合金上生长的细胞能够促进 ECM 的生成，导致胶原蛋白 I 和非胶原蛋白的高表达，而胶原蛋白和非胶原蛋白对调节矿物基质的形成至关重要。此外，它们还呈现出大量的丝状体，这些丝状体在整个测试表面都有很长的延伸。这些发现表明，所研究的 HA 表面处理能有效增强 Ti6Al4V ELI 的骨诱导特性。
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-Coated Ti6Al4V ELI Alloy: In Vitro Cell Adhesion","authors":"Marco Ruggeri, Dalila Miele, L. Caliogna, Eleonora Bianchi, Johannes Maui Jepsen, B. Vigani, Silvia Rossi, G. Sandri","doi":"10.3390/nano14141181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141181","url":null,"abstract":"The high rate of rejection and failure of orthopedic implants is primarily attributed to incomplete osseointegration and stress at the implant-to-bone interface due to significant differences in the mechanical properties of the implant and the surrounding bone. Various surface treatments have been developed to enhance the osteoconductive properties of implants. The aim of this work was the in vitro characterization of titanium alloy modified with a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite surface layer in relative comparison to unmodified controls. This investigation focused on the behavior of the surface treatment in relation to the physiological environment. Moreover, the osteogenic response of human osteoblasts and adipose stem cells was assessed. Qualitative characterization of cellular interaction was performed via confocal laser scanning microscopy focusing on the cell nuclei and cytoskeletons. Filipodia were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The results highlight that the HA treatment promotes protein adhesion as well as gene expression of osteoblasts and stem cells, which is relevant for the inorganic and organic components of the extracellular matrix and bone. In particular, cells grown onto HA-modified titanium alloy are able to promote ECM production, leading to a high expression of collagen I and non-collagenous proteins, which are crucial for regulating mineral matrix formation. Moreover, they present an impressive amount of filipodia having long extensions all over the test surface. These findings suggest that the HA surface treatment under investigation effectively enhances the osteoconductive properties of Ti6Al4V ELI.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"121 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review focuses on the synthesis of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their applications for antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation of dyes, thereby addressing the need for sustainable and eco-friendly methods for the preparation of NPs. Driven by the significant rise in antibiotic resistance and environmental pollution from dye pollution, there is a need for more effective antibacterial agents and photocatalysts. Therefore, this review explores the synthesis of plant-mediated ZnO NPs, and the influence of reaction parameters such as pH, annealing temperature, plant extract concentration, etc. Additionally, it also looks at the application of plant-mediated ZnO NPs for antibacterial and photodegradation of dyes, focusing on the influence of the properties of the plant-mediated ZnO NPs such as size, shape, and bandgap on the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. The findings suggest that properties such as shape and size are influenced by reaction parameters and these properties also influence the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of plant-mediated ZnO NPs. This review concludes that plant-mediated ZnO NPs have the potential to advance green and sustainable materials in antibacterial and photocatalysis applications.
{"title":"A Review of Plant-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles for Photodegradation and Antibacterial Applications","authors":"Dorcas Mutukwa, Raymond T. Taziwa, L. Khotseng","doi":"10.3390/nano14141182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141182","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the synthesis of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their applications for antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation of dyes, thereby addressing the need for sustainable and eco-friendly methods for the preparation of NPs. Driven by the significant rise in antibiotic resistance and environmental pollution from dye pollution, there is a need for more effective antibacterial agents and photocatalysts. Therefore, this review explores the synthesis of plant-mediated ZnO NPs, and the influence of reaction parameters such as pH, annealing temperature, plant extract concentration, etc. Additionally, it also looks at the application of plant-mediated ZnO NPs for antibacterial and photodegradation of dyes, focusing on the influence of the properties of the plant-mediated ZnO NPs such as size, shape, and bandgap on the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. The findings suggest that properties such as shape and size are influenced by reaction parameters and these properties also influence the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of plant-mediated ZnO NPs. This review concludes that plant-mediated ZnO NPs have the potential to advance green and sustainable materials in antibacterial and photocatalysis applications.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spread of micro- (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has become a significant environmental concern, necessitating effective removal strategies. In this comprehensive scientific review, we examine the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a promising technology for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We first describe the issues of MPs and NPs and their impact on the environment and human health. Then, the fundamental principles of using MNPs for the removal of these pollutants will be presented, emphasizing that MNPs enable the selective binding and separation of MPs and NPs from water sources. Furthermore, we provide a short summary of various types of MNPs that have proven effective in the removal of MPs and NPs. These include ferromagnetic nanoparticles and MNPs coated with organic polymers, as well as nanocomposites and magnetic nanostructures. We also review their properties, such as magnetic saturation, size, shape, surface functionalization, and stability, and their influence on removal efficiency. Next, we describe different methods of utilizing MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and potential for further development in detail. In the final part of the review, we provide an overview of the existing studies and results demonstrating the effectiveness of using MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome, such as nanoparticle optimization, process scalability, and the removal and recycling of nanoparticles after the completion of the process. This comprehensive scientific review offers extensive insights into the use of MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. With improved understanding and the development of advanced materials and methods, this technology can play a crucial role in addressing the issues of MPs and NPs and preserving a clean and healthy environment. The novelty of this review article is the emphasis on MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water and a detailed review of the advantages and disadvantages of various MNPs for the mentioned application. Additionally, a review of a large number of publications in this field is provided.
{"title":"Harnessing Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Effective Removal of Micro- and Nanoplastics: A Critical Review","authors":"Sabina Vohl, M. Kristl, J. Stergar","doi":"10.3390/nano14141179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14141179","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of micro- (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has become a significant environmental concern, necessitating effective removal strategies. In this comprehensive scientific review, we examine the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a promising technology for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We first describe the issues of MPs and NPs and their impact on the environment and human health. Then, the fundamental principles of using MNPs for the removal of these pollutants will be presented, emphasizing that MNPs enable the selective binding and separation of MPs and NPs from water sources. Furthermore, we provide a short summary of various types of MNPs that have proven effective in the removal of MPs and NPs. These include ferromagnetic nanoparticles and MNPs coated with organic polymers, as well as nanocomposites and magnetic nanostructures. We also review their properties, such as magnetic saturation, size, shape, surface functionalization, and stability, and their influence on removal efficiency. Next, we describe different methods of utilizing MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and potential for further development in detail. In the final part of the review, we provide an overview of the existing studies and results demonstrating the effectiveness of using MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. We also address the challenges that need to be overcome, such as nanoparticle optimization, process scalability, and the removal and recycling of nanoparticles after the completion of the process. This comprehensive scientific review offers extensive insights into the use of MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water. With improved understanding and the development of advanced materials and methods, this technology can play a crucial role in addressing the issues of MPs and NPs and preserving a clean and healthy environment. The novelty of this review article is the emphasis on MNPs for the removal of MPs and NPs from water and a detailed review of the advantages and disadvantages of various MNPs for the mentioned application. Additionally, a review of a large number of publications in this field is provided.","PeriodicalId":508599,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"134 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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