Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.20.003.12159
Anupma Garg, A. Chaudhary, Abhishek Gupta, Abhinav Kumar, B. Sharma, H. S. Singh
In Indian freshwater fish myxosporean infections are among the most cosmopolitan parasites, they are relatively well studied morphologically but their phylogenetic relationships were unclear and the genetic data is limited only to a few species. The study aims to present molecular data for two myxosporean species, Henneguya namae Haldar et al. 1983 and Myxobolus sophorae Jayasri, 1982 collected from Indian freshwater fish, the elongate glass-perchlet Chanda nama (=Ambassis nama) and pool barb Puntius sophore, respectively. In the present study molecular data are provided for H. namae and M. sophorae using nested PCR. The obtained partial 18S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The 18S rDNA gene sequences of H. namae showed similarity with the sequences of H. chaudhuryi, Henneguya sp. RA-2015, H. voronini and H. setiuensis about 72.1 to 78% and M. sophorae with Myxobolus ticto was about 90% respectively. The aim of this paper was to identify H. namae and M. sophorae morphologically and using molecular methods.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Two Myxosporean Species, Henneguya namae Haldar et al. 1983 and Myxobolus sophorae Jayasri, 1982 (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae)","authors":"Anupma Garg, A. Chaudhary, Abhishek Gupta, Abhinav Kumar, B. Sharma, H. S. Singh","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.20.003.12159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.003.12159","url":null,"abstract":"In Indian freshwater fish myxosporean infections are among the most cosmopolitan parasites, they are relatively well studied morphologically but their phylogenetic relationships were unclear and the genetic data is limited only to a few species. The study aims to present molecular data for two myxosporean species, Henneguya namae Haldar et al. 1983 and Myxobolus sophorae Jayasri, 1982 collected from Indian freshwater fish, the elongate glass-perchlet Chanda nama (=Ambassis nama) and pool barb Puntius sophore, respectively. In the present study molecular data are provided for H. namae and M. sophorae using nested PCR. The obtained partial 18S rDNA gene sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The 18S rDNA gene sequences of H. namae showed similarity with the sequences of H. chaudhuryi, Henneguya sp. RA-2015, H. voronini and H. setiuensis about 72.1 to 78% and M. sophorae with Myxobolus ticto was about 90% respectively. The aim of this paper was to identify H. namae and M. sophorae morphologically and using molecular methods.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"59 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.20.002.12158
Miroslav Macek, Ximena Sánchez Medina, A. Picazo, Dana Pestová, F. Reyes, Jorge Hernández, J. Alcocer, M. M. Ibarra, A. Camacho
. The pelagic / anoxic hypolimnion population of Spirostomum teres was investigated as a part of the long-term ciliates’ monitoring (2003–2016) in an oligo- to mesotrophic monomictic hyposaline crater lake Alchichica (Puebla / Veracruz, Mexico), including an analysis of picoplankton (both heterotrophic, HPP and autotrophic, APP) and inorganic compounds of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate), phos phorus (dissolved reactive phosphorus, DRP) and silicon. Additionally, detailed studies of the ciliate vertical distribution and feeding activity measured upon fluorescently labelled APP (picocyanobacteria) tawhatcheeana ) could be of higher importance that previously supposed. Additionally, a use of ingested and retained photosynthetic prokaryotes is hypothesized.
{"title":"Spirostomum teres: A Long Term Study of an Anoxic-Hypolimnion Population Feeding upon Photosynthesizing Microorganisms","authors":"Miroslav Macek, Ximena Sánchez Medina, A. Picazo, Dana Pestová, F. Reyes, Jorge Hernández, J. Alcocer, M. M. Ibarra, A. Camacho","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.20.002.12158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.002.12158","url":null,"abstract":". The pelagic / anoxic hypolimnion population of Spirostomum teres was investigated as a part of the long-term ciliates’ monitoring (2003–2016) in an oligo- to mesotrophic monomictic hyposaline crater lake Alchichica (Puebla / Veracruz, Mexico), including an analysis of picoplankton (both heterotrophic, HPP and autotrophic, APP) and inorganic compounds of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate), phos phorus (dissolved reactive phosphorus, DRP) and silicon. Additionally, detailed studies of the ciliate vertical distribution and feeding activity measured upon fluorescently labelled APP (picocyanobacteria) tawhatcheeana ) could be of higher importance that previously supposed. Additionally, a use of ingested and retained photosynthetic prokaryotes is hypothesized.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.008.12676
Y. Aoki, Yoichiro Sogame, M. Wanner, Y. Mazei, S. Shimano
A new species of a testate amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov., is described from Ogawara pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. This is the third species in the genus Matsakision. Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from two other species by the specific form of the shell in apertural view, which is triangular (the shells of other species are circular or elliptic). In addition, it has a chitinous lip around the aperture. For the first time, long needle-like pseudopodia have been observed.
{"title":"A New Testate Amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. (Silicofilosea: Incertae sedis Euglyphida) from Lake Shore Sand of Northern Japan","authors":"Y. Aoki, Yoichiro Sogame, M. Wanner, Y. Mazei, S. Shimano","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.008.12676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.008.12676","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of a testate amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov., is described from Ogawara pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. This is the third species in the genus Matsakision. Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from two other species by the specific form of the shell in apertural view, which is triangular (the shells of other species are circular or elliptic). In addition, it has a chitinous lip around the aperture. For the first time, long needle-like pseudopodia have been observed.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.20.011.13266
T. Matsuoka, Yoichiro Sogame, Rikiya Nakamura, Yuya Hasegawa, M. Arikawa, F. Suizu
We found that the water-rich (osmolality below 0.052 Osm/l) wet resting cysts of the soil ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 were tolerant to extremely low temperature (−65℃). When cell fluid obtained from the resting cysts was cooled at −65℃, small particles of ice crystals did not grow into large ice crystals. At −65℃, the cysts shrank due to an outflow of water, because a vapor pressure difference was produced between the cell interior and freezing surrounding medium. The osmolality of these shrunk cells was estimated 0.55 Osm/l, and the freezing point depression of the shrunk cell fluid was estimated to be 1.02℃. Hence, the antifreeze ability of wet cysts at −65℃can not be explained by freezing point depression due to elevation of cytoplasmic osmolality. The cytoplasm of resting cysts was vividly stained red with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and stained purple with toluidine blue. On the other hand, the excystment-induced cysts were not stained with PAS, and exhibited a loss of the antifreeze activity. PAS staining of SDSPAGE gel obtained from encysting Colpoda cells showed that a large amount of PAS-positive macromolecules accumulated as the encystment stage progressed. These results suggest that antifreeze polysaccharides may be involved in the antifreeze activity of C. cucullus Nag-1 dormant forms.
{"title":"Antifreeze Water-Rich Dormant Cysts of the Terrestrial Ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 at −65 ℃: Possible Involvement of Ultra-Antifreeze Polysaccharides","authors":"T. Matsuoka, Yoichiro Sogame, Rikiya Nakamura, Yuya Hasegawa, M. Arikawa, F. Suizu","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.20.011.13266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.011.13266","url":null,"abstract":"We found that the water-rich (osmolality below 0.052 Osm/l) wet resting cysts of the soil ciliate Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 were tolerant to extremely low temperature (−65℃). When cell fluid obtained from the resting cysts was cooled at −65℃, small particles of ice crystals did not grow into large ice crystals. At −65℃, the cysts shrank due to an outflow of water, because a vapor pressure difference was produced between the cell interior and freezing surrounding medium. The osmolality of these shrunk cells was estimated 0.55 Osm/l, and the freezing point depression of the shrunk cell fluid was estimated to be 1.02℃. Hence, the antifreeze ability of wet cysts at −65℃can not be explained by freezing point depression due to elevation of cytoplasmic osmolality. The cytoplasm of resting cysts was vividly stained red with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and stained purple with toluidine blue. On the other hand, the excystment-induced cysts were not stained with PAS, and exhibited a loss of the antifreeze activity. PAS staining of SDSPAGE gel obtained from encysting Colpoda cells showed that a large amount of PAS-positive macromolecules accumulated as the encystment stage progressed. These results suggest that antifreeze polysaccharides may be involved in the antifreeze activity of C. cucullus Nag-1 dormant forms.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.20.001.12157
Risa Ikeda, M. Kurokawa, Momoka Murai, Noboru Saito, M. Ando
The centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis is a heliozoan that has many radiating axopodia, each containing a bundle of microtubules. Although the rapid contraction of the axopodia at nearly a video rate (30 frames/s) is induced by mechanical stimuli, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon in R. contractilis has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we described for the first time an adequate immunocytochemical fixation procedure for R. contractilis and the cellular distribution of α-tubulin before and after rapid axopodial contraction. We developed a flow-through chamber equipped with a micro-syringe pump that allowed the test solution to be injected at a flow rate below the threshold required to induce rapid axopodial contraction. Next, we used this injection method for evaluating the effects of different combinations of two fixatives (paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde) and two buffers (phosphate buffer or PHEM) on the morphological structure of the axopodia. A low concentration of glutaraldehyde in PHEM was identified as an adequate fixative for immunocytochemistry. The distribution of α-tubulin before and after rapid axopodial contraction was examined using immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Positive signals were initially detected along the extended axopodia from the tips to the bases and were distributed in a non-uniform manner within the axopodia. Conversely, after the induction of a rapid axopodial contraction, these positive signals accumulated in the peripheral region of the cell. These results indicated that axopodial microtubules disassemble into fragments and/ or tubulin subunits during rapid axopodial contraction. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mechanism of extremely rapid axopodial contraction accompanied by cytoskeletal microtubule degradation in R. contractilis involves microtubule-severing at multiple sites.
{"title":"Immunocytochemical Analysis of α-Tubulin Distribution Before and After Rapid Axopodial Contraction in the Centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis","authors":"Risa Ikeda, M. Kurokawa, Momoka Murai, Noboru Saito, M. Ando","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.20.001.12157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.001.12157","url":null,"abstract":"The centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis is a heliozoan that has many radiating axopodia, each containing a bundle of microtubules. Although the rapid contraction of the axopodia at nearly a video rate (30 frames/s) is induced by mechanical stimuli, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon in R. contractilis has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we described for the first time an adequate immunocytochemical fixation procedure for R. contractilis and the cellular distribution of α-tubulin before and after rapid axopodial contraction. We developed a flow-through chamber equipped with a micro-syringe pump that allowed the test solution to be injected at a flow rate below the threshold required to induce rapid axopodial contraction. Next, we used this injection method for evaluating the effects of different combinations of two fixatives (paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde) and two buffers (phosphate buffer or PHEM) on the morphological structure of the axopodia. A low concentration of glutaraldehyde in PHEM was identified as an adequate fixative for immunocytochemistry. The distribution of α-tubulin before and after rapid axopodial contraction was examined using immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Positive signals were initially detected along the extended axopodia from the tips to the bases and were distributed in a non-uniform manner within the axopodia. Conversely, after the induction of a rapid axopodial contraction, these positive signals accumulated in the peripheral region of the cell. These results indicated that axopodial microtubules disassemble into fragments and/ or tubulin subunits during rapid axopodial contraction. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mechanism of extremely rapid axopodial contraction accompanied by cytoskeletal microtubule degradation in R. contractilis involves microtubule-severing at multiple sites.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.19.006.10837
Yoichiro Sogame, R. Saito, R. Koizumi, Taiga Shimizu, Taiki Ono
Evidence of Stress Recovery in Free-Living Ciliate Colpoda cucullus: The Repair Capability of Resting Cysts to Damage Caused by Gamma Irradiation
自由生活的瓜小蠊应激恢复的证据：静息囊对γ射线损伤的修复能力
{"title":"Evidence of Stress Recovery in Free-Living Ciliate Colpoda cucullus: The Repair Capability of Resting Cysts to Damage Caused by Gamma Irradiation","authors":"Yoichiro Sogame, R. Saito, R. Koizumi, Taiga Shimizu, Taiki Ono","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.19.006.10837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.19.006.10837","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence of Stress Recovery in Free-Living Ciliate Colpoda cucullus: The Repair Capability of Resting Cysts to Damage Caused by Gamma Irradiation","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trichodinid Ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) of Non-native Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Europe","authors":"V. Yuryshynets, M. Ondračková, Y. Kvach, G. Masson","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.19.009.11418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.009.11418","url":null,"abstract":"Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) of non-native pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Europe","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44378302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.19.008.11417
J. Heredia-Rojas, A. O. Fuente, R. Gomez-flores, Merary Alvarez-Rodríguez, Z. J. Molina-Garza, M. Beltcheva, Omar Heredia-Rodríguez, L. Galaviz-Silva
Trypanosoma cruzigrowth inhibition by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Short communication
极低频电磁场对锥虫生长的抑制作用。简短的沟通
{"title":"In vitro Trypanosoma cruzi Growth Inhibition by Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields","authors":"J. Heredia-Rojas, A. O. Fuente, R. Gomez-flores, Merary Alvarez-Rodríguez, Z. J. Molina-Garza, M. Beltcheva, Omar Heredia-Rodríguez, L. Galaviz-Silva","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.19.008.11417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.008.11417","url":null,"abstract":"Trypanosoma cruzigrowth inhibition by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Short communication","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44857535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.19.004.10835
Ľ. Rajter, W. Bourland, P. Vďačný
The morphology and phylogenetic position of a haptorian ciliate, Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983, isolated from microaerobic sandy sediments of the floodplain area of the Boise River, Idaho, U.S.A., were studied using live observation, protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and the 18S rRNA gene as well as the ITS region. The Boise population of P. pupula is characterized by a size of about 60–130 × 20–50 μm, an elliptical macronucleus with a single micronucleus, highly refractive dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated in the anterior body half, a single subterminal/terminal contractile vacuole, about 10 μm long rod-shaped extrusomes, and an average of 15 ciliary rows. In phylogenetic analyses, the newly obtained sequences from P. pupula and Lacrymaria olor clustered within the family Lacrymariidae with full to moderate statistical support. Neither the genus Phialina nor the genus Lacrymaria was depicted monophyletic both in the single gene and multigene phylogenetic inferences. Specifically, the genus Phialina was shown as a paraphyletic assemblage containing members of the polyphyletic genus Lacrymaria. This indicates that the phialinid bauplan, i.e., an anterior body end differentiated into a head-like structure directly attached to the trunk, might represent the ground pattern in the family Lacrymariidae. On the other hand, the long highly contractile neck carrying the head-like structure probably evolved later and convergently in multiple Lacrymaria species from Phialina-like ancestors.
{"title":"Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)","authors":"Ľ. Rajter, W. Bourland, P. Vďačný","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.19.004.10835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.19.004.10835","url":null,"abstract":"The morphology and phylogenetic position of a haptorian ciliate, Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983, isolated from microaerobic sandy sediments of the floodplain area of the Boise River, Idaho, U.S.A., were studied using live observation, protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and the 18S rRNA gene as well as the ITS region. The Boise population of P. pupula is characterized by a size of about 60–130 × 20–50 μm, an elliptical macronucleus with a single micronucleus, highly refractive dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated in the anterior body half, a single subterminal/terminal contractile vacuole, about 10 μm long rod-shaped extrusomes, and an average of 15 ciliary rows. In phylogenetic analyses, the newly obtained sequences from P. pupula and Lacrymaria olor clustered within the family Lacrymariidae with full to moderate statistical support. Neither the genus Phialina nor the genus Lacrymaria was depicted monophyletic both in the single gene and multigene phylogenetic inferences. Specifically, the genus Phialina was shown as a paraphyletic assemblage containing members of the polyphyletic genus Lacrymaria. This indicates that the phialinid bauplan, i.e., an anterior body end differentiated into a head-like structure directly attached to the trunk, might represent the ground pattern in the family Lacrymariidae. On the other hand, the long highly contractile neck carrying the head-like structure probably evolved later and convergently in multiple Lacrymaria species from Phialina-like ancestors.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47867358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.19.011.11420
F. S. Coelho, Danielle P. Vieira, A. Lopes, M. Sousa
Cluster Analysis of Non-conserved Proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi Reference Strains displays Parity Between these Groupings (Peptidemes) and the Consensually Accepted Parasite Lineages
克氏锥虫参考菌株非保守蛋白的聚类分析显示这些类群(肽)与公认的寄生虫谱系之间的相似性
{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Non-conserved Proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi Reference Strains displays Parity Between these Groupings (Peptidemes) and the Consensually Accepted Parasite Lineages","authors":"F. S. Coelho, Danielle P. Vieira, A. Lopes, M. Sousa","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.19.011.11420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.011.11420","url":null,"abstract":"Cluster Analysis of Non-conserved Proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi Reference Strains displays Parity Between these Groupings (Peptidemes) and the Consensually Accepted Parasite Lineages","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45328736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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