Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.012.13267
O. Kornilova, Klara M Tsushko, L. Chistyakova
This paper is a first report on species of endosymbiotic ciliates (Litostomatea, Trichostomatia) inhabiting the intestine of zebras in South Africa. Ciliates from Mountain Zebra were investigated for the first time in the world. The wild population of mountain zebras in general and the Cape Mountain Zebra subspecies in particular is low in numbers: this species is included as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Approximately 15 species of trichostome ciliates from 9 different genera were found in the samples collected from wild zebras in Western Cape, South Africa. Some of the ciliate species are also common to horses and other equids, while others are unique for zebras. The ciliates of Triplumaria genus common to elephants and rhinoceroses, and the species Blepharosphaera ceratotherii previously described in rhinoceroses were found in equids for the first time.
{"title":"The First Record of Intestinal Ciliates from the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) in South Africa","authors":"O. Kornilova, Klara M Tsushko, L. Chistyakova","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.012.13267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.012.13267","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a first report on species of endosymbiotic ciliates (Litostomatea, Trichostomatia) inhabiting the intestine of zebras in South Africa. Ciliates from Mountain Zebra were investigated for the first time in the world. The wild population of mountain zebras in general and the Cape Mountain Zebra subspecies in particular is low in numbers: this species is included as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Approximately 15 species of trichostome ciliates from 9 different genera were found in the samples collected from wild zebras in Western Cape, South Africa. Some of the ciliate species are also common to horses and other equids, while others are unique for zebras. The ciliates of Triplumaria genus common to elephants and rhinoceroses, and the species Blepharosphaera ceratotherii previously described in rhinoceroses were found in equids for the first time.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265
O. Archontikis, J. Young, L. Cros
The genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne is one of the most taxonomically confusing modern coccolithophores and its species level taxonomy has long been in a state of flux. Based on the review of imaged specimens from our collections, we attempt to rectify the nomenclatural problems and elucidate the obfuscated taxonomy of the genus. Review of included formally and informally described species shows that they are a distinctive group with shared characters, including ten different morphotypes of probable species level. Two of these, including the type species A. fragaria, have been shown to form life-cycle associations with heterococcoliths of the Syracosphaera molischii type. Hence, all species are transferred to Syracosphaera and the new combinations S. periperforata, S. lafourcadii, and S. origami are proposed. In addition, various informally described morphotypes are now formally described as Syracosphaera molischii var. pertusa, S. periperforata var. cylindrata, S. periperforata var. tridentata, S. rotaconica, and S. elevata. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E5D4BD7-BC3B-4D30-B319-964AC887DDDE
花青菜属修正。Kleijne是现代最令人困惑的颗石藻之一，其种级分类一直处于不稳定状态。基于对我们所收集的影像标本的回顾，我们试图纠正命名问题和阐明混淆的属分类。对已收录的正式和非正式描述的物种的回顾表明，它们是一个具有共同特征的独特群体，包括十种不同的可能物种水平的形态型。其中两种，包括模式种A. fragaria，已被证明与Syracosphaera molischii类型的异球石形成生命周期关联。因此，所有物种都被转移到Syracosphaera，并提出了新的组合S. periperforata, S. lafourcadi和S. origami。此外，各种非正式描述的形态现在被正式描述为Syracosphaera molischii变种. pertusa, S. periperforata变种.圆柱，S. periperforata变种. tridentata, S. rotaconica和S. elevata。www.lsid.zoobank.org:pub:0E5D4BD7-BC3B-4D30-B319-964AC887DDDE
{"title":"Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991","authors":"O. Archontikis, J. Young, L. Cros","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.010.13265","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne is one of the most taxonomically confusing modern coccolithophores and its species level taxonomy has long been in a state of flux. Based on the review of imaged specimens from our collections, we attempt to rectify the nomenclatural problems and elucidate the obfuscated taxonomy of the genus. Review of included formally and informally described species shows that they are a distinctive group with shared characters, including ten different morphotypes of probable species level. Two of these, including the type species A. fragaria, have been shown to form life-cycle associations with heterococcoliths of the Syracosphaera molischii type. Hence, all species are transferred to Syracosphaera and the new combinations S. periperforata, S. lafourcadii, and S. origami are proposed. In addition, various informally described morphotypes are now formally described as Syracosphaera molischii var. pertusa, S. periperforata var. cylindrata, S. periperforata var. tridentata, S. rotaconica, and S. elevata. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E5D4BD7-BC3B-4D30-B319-964AC887DDDE","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.003.14063
K. C. Tavares, Maria Gabriela Casagrande Dambrós, André Saraiva Leão Antunes, Pietro Martin Danziato, P. H. Stoco, A. D. Schlindwein, R. S. Moreira, L. Miletti
Selenoproteins have been described in all three domains of life and their function has been mainly associated with oxidative stress defense. Canonical elements required for selenoprotein production have been identified in members of the kinetoplastid group supporting the existence of a complete selenocysteine synthesis pathway in these organisms. Currently, nothing is known regarding the selenocysteine pathway in Trypanosoma evansi. In this study, we identified the expression of the elements selB, selC, selD, PSTK and selTRYP at the mRNA level in T. evansi. All translated proteins (selD, PSTK, selTRYP and selB) have the domains predicted and higher identity with Trypanosoma brucei. gambiense. The selenophosphate synthetase protein was localized in the cytoplasm. Our results support the existence of an active selenocysteine pathway in T. evansi.
{"title":"Selenocysteine in Trypanosoma evansi: Identification of the Genes selb, selc, seld, pstk, seltryp and the Selenophosphate Synthetase Protein","authors":"K. C. Tavares, Maria Gabriela Casagrande Dambrós, André Saraiva Leão Antunes, Pietro Martin Danziato, P. H. Stoco, A. D. Schlindwein, R. S. Moreira, L. Miletti","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.21.003.14063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.003.14063","url":null,"abstract":"Selenoproteins have been described in all three domains of life and their function has been mainly associated with oxidative stress defense. Canonical elements required for selenoprotein production have been identified in members of the kinetoplastid group supporting the existence of a complete selenocysteine synthesis pathway in these organisms. Currently, nothing is known regarding the selenocysteine pathway in Trypanosoma evansi. In this study, we identified the expression of the elements selB, selC, selD, PSTK and selTRYP at the mRNA level in T. evansi. All translated proteins (selD, PSTK, selTRYP and selB) have the domains predicted and higher identity with Trypanosoma brucei. gambiense. The selenophosphate synthetase protein was localized in the cytoplasm. Our results support the existence of an active selenocysteine pathway in T. evansi.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.004.14064
Tuğba Sağlam, M. Yaman, Ö. Ertürk
The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important stored product pests. Fumigation plays a significant role in the management of insect pests in stored-products. However, the use of fumigants is problematic because of their effects on the environment and high costs. Entomopathogenic organisms are environmentally friendly control agents and suppress pest populations under natural conditions. In this study, distribution and occurrence of a microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) in the populations of P. interpunctella from 12 localities representing Turkey between 2019 and 2020 are presented for the first time by confirming its effectiveness on natural populations. The presence of the microsporidian pathogen was found in 11 of 12 (91.7%) populations. In total, 863 of 3,044 samples were infected by the pathogen. Infection mean was 28.4% for all populations. Our results showed that V. plodiae infection reached to a considerably high prevalence (88.77%) in P. interpunctella populations and varied from 5.1 to 88.7% between the populations. In addition, microsporidia infections have been identified throughout Turkey. We found that V. plodiae can infect all life stages of P. interpunctella. Totally, 623 (28.5%) of 2187 larvae, 14 (37.8%) of 37 pupae, 226 (27%) of 820 adults were found to be infected by the pathogen. There were considerable differences between the dead and living larvae. The microsporidian infection was found in 26 (11.6%) of 225 living larvae, whereas it was found in 595 (30.5%) of 1,952 dead larvae. These results confirm that the microsporidia pathogen has a high spreading potential in P. interpunctella populations and can be a natural biological suppression factor on pest populations.
{"title":"Distribution and Occurrence of Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) in the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations: An Extensive Field Study","authors":"Tuğba Sağlam, M. Yaman, Ö. Ertürk","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.21.004.14064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.004.14064","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important stored product pests. Fumigation plays a significant role in the management of insect pests in stored-products. However, the use of fumigants is problematic because of their effects on the environment and high costs. Entomopathogenic organisms are environmentally friendly control agents and suppress pest populations under natural conditions. In this study, distribution and occurrence of a microsporidian pathogen, Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) in the populations of P. interpunctella from 12 localities representing Turkey between 2019 and 2020 are presented for the first time by confirming its effectiveness on natural populations. The presence of the microsporidian pathogen was found in 11 of 12 (91.7%) populations. In total, 863 of 3,044 samples were infected by the pathogen. Infection mean was 28.4% for all populations. Our results showed that V. plodiae infection reached to a considerably high prevalence (88.77%) in P. interpunctella populations and varied from 5.1 to 88.7% between the populations. In addition, microsporidia infections have been identified throughout Turkey. We found that V. plodiae can infect all life stages of P. interpunctella. Totally, 623 (28.5%) of 2187 larvae, 14 (37.8%) of 37 pupae, 226 (27%) of 820 adults were found to be infected by the pathogen. There were considerable differences between the dead and living larvae. The microsporidian infection was found in 26 (11.6%) of 225 living larvae, whereas it was found in 595 (30.5%) of 1,952 dead larvae. These results confirm that the microsporidia pathogen has a high spreading potential in P. interpunctella populations and can be a natural biological suppression factor on pest populations.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.001.14061
J. Dolan, Jong-Kuk Moon, E. Yang
Here we summarize the results from 10 cruises in the Chukchi Sea, in August, each year from 2011 to 2020. Samples for the qualitative analysis of the microzooplankton were obtained from stations located across the Chukchi Sea using a 20μm plankton net. Conditions encountered, in terms of sea ice coverage and chlorophyll concentrations, varied widely from year to year without any obvious relationship with the composition of the microzooplankton assemblage. Examining a total of 242 samples gathered, we found a total of 44 tintinnid species (morphologically distinct forms). Plotting cumulative number of tintinnid species encountered vs cumulative number of samplings gave a typical species accumulation curve showing no sign of saturation suggesting that continued sampling in the Chukchi Sea will likely yield increases in the tintinnid species catalogue. The tintinnid species found ranged widely in lorica opening diameters (LOD) from about 11 μm to 80 μm in diameter. However, the median size of the LOD of the tintinnid assemblages varied little from year to year ranging only from about 30 μm to 40 μm. Most of the forms encountered were found in samples from only 1 or 2 cruises. Very few forms were found every year throughout the 10 years of sampling. These were 5 species of tintinnids (Acanthostomella norvegica, Leprotintinnus pellucidus, Pytchocylis obtusa, Salpingella acuminata, Salpingella faurei) and the nasselarian radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa. Examples of the morphological variability observed among individuals of Acanthostomella norvegica and Pytchocylis obtusa within single samples are shown with some individuals easily confused with forms described as other species are shown. To our knowledge, our data are the most extensive data set on Chukchi Sea microplankton. We provide all of the data recorded, which may serve as a baseline from which to assess changes projected in Arctic Sea systems, in a supplementary data file.
{"title":"Notes on the Occurrence of Tintinnid Ciliates, and the Nasselarian Radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa of the Marine Microzooplankton, in the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) Sampled each August from 2011 to 2020","authors":"J. Dolan, Jong-Kuk Moon, E. Yang","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.21.001.14061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.001.14061","url":null,"abstract":"Here we summarize the results from 10 cruises in the Chukchi Sea, in August, each year from 2011 to 2020. Samples for the qualitative analysis of the microzooplankton were obtained from stations located across the Chukchi Sea using a 20μm plankton net. Conditions encountered, in terms of sea ice coverage and chlorophyll concentrations, varied widely from year to year without any obvious relationship with the composition of the microzooplankton assemblage. Examining a total of 242 samples gathered, we found a total of 44 tintinnid species (morphologically distinct forms). Plotting cumulative number of tintinnid species encountered vs cumulative number of samplings gave a typical species accumulation curve showing no sign of saturation suggesting that continued sampling in the Chukchi Sea will likely yield increases in the tintinnid species catalogue. The tintinnid species found ranged widely in lorica opening diameters (LOD) from about 11 μm to 80 μm in diameter. However, the median size of the LOD of the tintinnid assemblages varied little from year to year ranging only from about 30 μm to 40 μm. Most of the forms encountered were found in samples from only 1 or 2 cruises. Very few forms were found every year throughout the 10 years of sampling. These were 5 species of tintinnids (Acanthostomella norvegica, Leprotintinnus pellucidus, Pytchocylis obtusa, Salpingella acuminata, Salpingella faurei) and the nasselarian radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa. Examples of the morphological variability observed among individuals of Acanthostomella norvegica and Pytchocylis obtusa within single samples are shown with some individuals easily confused with forms described as other species are shown. To our knowledge, our data are the most extensive data set on Chukchi Sea microplankton. We provide all of the data recorded, which may serve as a baseline from which to assess changes projected in Arctic Sea systems, in a supplementary data file.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.002.14062
Piotr Solarczyk
Cyclospora is an intracellular, gastrointestinal parasite found in birds and mammals worldwide. Limited accessibility of the protozoan for experimental use, scarcity, genome heterogeneity of the isolates and narrow panel of molecular markers hamper zoonotic investigations. One of the significant limitation in zoonotic studies is the lack of precise molecular tools that would be useful in linking animal vectors as a source of human infection. Strong and convincing evidence of zoonotic features will be achieved through proper typing of Cyclospora spp. taxonomic units (e.g. species or genotypes) in animal reservoirs. The most promising method that can be employ for zoonotic surveys is next-generation sequencing.
{"title":"Host Range of Cyclospora Species: Zoonotic Implication","authors":"Piotr Solarczyk","doi":"10.4467/16890027ap.21.002.14062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.21.002.14062","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclospora is an intracellular, gastrointestinal parasite found in birds and mammals worldwide. Limited accessibility of the protozoan for experimental use, scarcity, genome heterogeneity of the isolates and narrow panel of molecular markers hamper zoonotic investigations. One of the significant limitation in zoonotic studies is the lack of precise molecular tools that would be useful in linking animal vectors as a source of human infection. Strong and convincing evidence of zoonotic features will be achieved through proper typing of Cyclospora spp. taxonomic units (e.g. species or genotypes) in animal reservoirs. The most promising method that can be employ for zoonotic surveys is next-generation sequencing.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.19.018.12020
Najla Baković, Siemensma Ferry, Robert Baković, J. Rubinić
Karst freshwater caves are subterranean habitats characterized by the constant absence of light and relatively small variations of temperature and air humidity. They are mostly food deprived environments, with the exception if large bat colonies are present or if they are intensively supplied with organic matter by sinking rivers. Even though these habitats are often described as harsh, they have enabled the evolution of highly specialized and often endemic animals. The cave eukaryotic micro-organisms, on the other hand, are scarcely researched. The results of research of testate amoebae in the caves of the Dinaric arc detected 23 species, 12 of which were first found in caves. Also, a description of Centropyxis bipilata sp. nov. is presented. This species is clearly distinguished from other described species based on shell size, the presence of two struts and the usually dark ring around the aperture. Testate amoebae were registered on aquatic and terrestrial cave sediments and transitional habitats (like hygropetric and wet walls). The most frequent species within the samples were: Trinema lineare, Cryptodifflugia oviformis and Centropyxis bipilata sp. nov. Maximum diversity of testate amoebae was registered in Ponor Kovači with twenty species. In 24.4 % of the investigated samples microphototrophs were found, implying good surface-subsurface connectivity that could also affect testate amoebae diversity. This research showed that caves are underestimated habitats that can provide us with new data about the testate amoebae biogeography and diversity.
{"title":"Testate Amoebae in Karst Caves of the Dinaric Arc (South-Eastern Europe) with a Description of Centropyxis bipilata sp. nov.","authors":"Najla Baković, Siemensma Ferry, Robert Baković, J. Rubinić","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.19.018.12020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.19.018.12020","url":null,"abstract":"Karst freshwater caves are subterranean habitats characterized by the constant absence of light and relatively small variations of temperature and air humidity. They are mostly food deprived environments, with the exception if large bat colonies are present or if they are intensively supplied with organic matter by sinking rivers. Even though these habitats are often described as harsh, they have enabled the evolution of highly specialized and often endemic animals. The cave eukaryotic micro-organisms, on the other hand, are scarcely researched. The results of research of testate amoebae in the caves of the Dinaric arc detected 23 species, 12 of which were first found in caves. Also, a description of Centropyxis bipilata sp. nov. is presented. This species is clearly distinguished from other described species based on shell size, the presence of two struts and the usually dark ring around the aperture. Testate amoebae were registered on aquatic and terrestrial cave sediments and transitional habitats (like hygropetric and wet walls). The most frequent species within the samples were: Trinema lineare, Cryptodifflugia oviformis and Centropyxis bipilata sp. nov. Maximum diversity of testate amoebae was registered in Ponor Kovači with twenty species. In 24.4 % of the investigated samples microphototrophs were found, implying good surface-subsurface connectivity that could also affect testate amoebae diversity. This research showed that caves are underestimated habitats that can provide us with new data about the testate amoebae biogeography and diversity.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47278805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.005.12673
Franciane Cedrola, M. D’Agosto, Isabel Martinele, R. Dias
The present study redescribes the species Polyplastron alaskum based on morphological characterization and provides, for the first time, data on its infraciliary bands pattern. Polyplastron alaskum was described in Alaskan dall montain sheep (Ovis dalli), and registered again only in the present study, 45 years later, inhabiting the rumen contents of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in northeastern Brazil. All the taxonomic characters observed in the original description was observed in the present study. The infraciliary pattern in Polyplastron alaskum is slightly different of Diplodinium-type, observed in some ophryoscolecids belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae.
{"title":"Redescription of Polyplastron alaskum Dehority, 1974 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida), a Rare Rumen Ciliate Species from Domestic and Wild Sheep","authors":"Franciane Cedrola, M. D’Agosto, Isabel Martinele, R. Dias","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.005.12673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.005.12673","url":null,"abstract":"The present study redescribes the species Polyplastron alaskum based on morphological characterization and provides, for the first time, data on its infraciliary bands pattern. Polyplastron alaskum was described in Alaskan dall montain sheep (Ovis dalli), and registered again only in the present study, 45 years later, inhabiting the rumen contents of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in northeastern Brazil. All the taxonomic characters observed in the original description was observed in the present study. The infraciliary pattern in Polyplastron alaskum is slightly different of Diplodinium-type, observed in some ophryoscolecids belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.007.12675
F. Gómez, L. Artigas, R. Gast
The North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum.
北海和英吉利海峡是浮游生物研究的悠久传统地区，在那里，形成群落的球状Phaeocystis globosa主导着春季浮游植物的大量繁殖。在其捕食者中，我们于2019年5月在北海调查了大量的无甲鞭毛藻(每升约3000个细胞)。文献报道称其为异纹裸子或纹状体裸子，常被鉴定为螺旋形陀螺。利用核糖体RNA的小亚基、大亚基和内部转录间隔子(SSU-， LSU-， ITS rRNA)基因序列进行的系统发育分析表明，我们的分离株聚集在Gyrodinium分支中。新序列与淡水分类单元helveticum Gyrodinium的序列形成姐妹群，是微生物世界中罕见的海洋-淡水转换之一。这种分离物是广泛分布于从寒冷海洋到热带海洋的众多环境序列的进化枝的第一个特征成员。由于其形态可塑性(大小和形状的变化，经常在吞噬猎物后变形)和难以识别表面条纹，这种常见而丰富的分类群获得了几个名称。我们的结论是，优先考虑种名Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921，这是为Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906提出的新名称。Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000; Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine, Parke & Dixon, 1964 (=G。hyalinum M. Lebour 1925)是后侧同义词。我们提出异纹状体梳状陀螺。11月为异纹裸子。
{"title":"Phylogeny and Synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a Common Unarmored Dinoflagellate in the World Oceans [plus supplementary materials]","authors":"F. Gómez, L. Artigas, R. Gast","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.007.12675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.007.12675","url":null,"abstract":"The North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.006.12674
R. Saito, R. Koizumi, T. Sakai, Taiga Shimizu, Taiki Ono, Yoichiro Sogame
The ciliate Colpoda cucullus forms resting cysts to survive unfavorable environmental stresses. In this study, we have shown that Colpoda resting cysts survived exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 4000 Gy, although vegetative cells were killed by 500 Gy. After 4000 Gy irradiation, more than 90% of resting cysts and approximately 70% of dry cysts could excyst to form vegetative cells. In both cases, the excystment gradually increased after the induction of excystment. In addition, we also showed that protein carbonylation level was increased by gamma irradiation, but decreased by incubation in the cyst state. These results indicated that cell damage was repaired in resting cysts. Colpoda probably developed tolerance to gamma radiation by forming resting cysts as a strategy for growth in terrestrial environments, as part of contending with the stress due to reactive oxygen species caused by desiccation.
{"title":"Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus","authors":"R. Saito, R. Koizumi, T. Sakai, Taiga Shimizu, Taiki Ono, Yoichiro Sogame","doi":"10.4467/16890027AP.20.006.12674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.20.006.12674","url":null,"abstract":"The ciliate Colpoda cucullus forms resting cysts to survive unfavorable environmental stresses. In this study, we have shown that Colpoda resting cysts survived exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 4000 Gy, although vegetative cells were killed by 500 Gy. After 4000 Gy irradiation, more than 90% of resting cysts and approximately 70% of dry cysts could excyst to form vegetative cells. In both cases, the excystment gradually increased after the induction of excystment. In addition, we also showed that protein carbonylation level was increased by gamma irradiation, but decreased by incubation in the cyst state. These results indicated that cell damage was repaired in resting cysts. Colpoda probably developed tolerance to gamma radiation by forming resting cysts as a strategy for growth in terrestrial environments, as part of contending with the stress due to reactive oxygen species caused by desiccation.","PeriodicalId":50883,"journal":{"name":"Acta Protozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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