Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献_第5页

Exploring the interthalamic adhesion: A comprehensive review of its morphology, neuroconnectivity and history of research 探索丘脑间粘连：其形态学、神经连通性和研究历史的综合综述。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152728

Kacper Abramek , Fryderyk Sobczak , Jerzy Walocha , Sanjib Ghosh , Apurba Patra , Krzysztof Balawender

The interthalamic adhesion, or massa intermedia, is a midline bridge of neural tissue connecting the thalami across the third ventricle and usually containing the nucleus reuniens. It is important radiologically and neurosurgically: accessing the third ventricle or structures through the third ventricle, endoscopic surgery at third ventricle. We aim to consolidate current knowledge on the interthalamic adhesion, focusing on its morphology, nomenclature, development, histology, connections and anatomical variations to clarify longstanding inconsistencies. The interthalamic adhesion develops around 13–14 weeks of gestation and contains neurons and commissural fibers that continue maturing postnatally. Fibers were mentioned to occur in a subset of individuals; however, this feature is not observed constantly. When present, these fibers project to the contralateral hemisphere, potentially indicating a role analogous – albeit significantly reduced – to that of the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, or posterior commissure. As the cortical evolution progresses, it may lose its functional relevance. Recent studies estimate the prevalence of the interthalamic adhesion at 87.3 %. It is more common in females, some authors suggest it is also larger. Its morphology varies widely – commonly single styloid or broad, but also bilobar, duplicated or even multiple. The interthalamic adhesion was most commonly located in the antero-superior quadrant of the third ventricle. Its morphology is associated with some psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease and depression. Histologically, the interthalamic adhesion is rich in glia, featuring a broad subependymal zone and contains various neuron types – oval, fusiform, triangular, and multipolar, some form unique circular arrangements.

丘脑间粘连或间质是神经组织的中线桥，通过第三脑室连接丘脑，通常包含重连核。在放射学和神经外科上很重要：通过第三脑室进入第三脑室或结构，在第三脑室进行内窥镜手术。我们的目标是巩固目前对丘脑间粘连的知识，重点关注其形态、命名、发育、组织学、连接和解剖变异，以澄清长期存在的不一致性。丘脑间粘连在妊娠13-14周左右形成，含有神经元和互交纤维，在出生后继续成熟。据说纤维存在于一小部分个体中；然而，这个特性并不是经常观察到的。当存在时，这些纤维投射到对侧半球，可能表明其作用类似于胼胝体、前连合或后连合，尽管其作用明显减弱。随着皮质的进化，它可能失去其功能相关性。最近的研究估计丘脑间粘连的患病率为87.3%。它在女性中更常见，一些作者认为它也更大。其形态变化很大-通常是单茎或宽，但也双叶，重复或甚至多。丘脑间粘连最常见于第三脑室前上象限。其形态与精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和抑郁症等精神疾病有关。在组织学上，丘脑间粘连具有丰富的胶质细胞，具有广泛的室管膜下区，包含各种类型的神经元-卵圆形，梭状，三角形和多极，有些形成独特的圆形排列。

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引用次数: 0

Differential expression of VGLUT1, GAD65, GAD67, and MAP2 in the retina of hibernating Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) VGLUT1、GAD65、GAD67和MAP2在安纳托利亚地鼠视网膜中的差异表达

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152729

Mehmet Özbek , Ahmet Cabir , Feyzullah Beyaz , Harun Karaca , Mustafa Öztop

The Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) offers a valuable model for investigating neuroadaptive processes in the retina during hibernation. This study aimed to assess the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms GAD65 and GAD67, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the retina during pre-hibernation and hibernation states. Retinal tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and densitometric quantification. VGLUT1 expression remained stable in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) but was significantly reduced in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) during hibernation, indicating a selective downregulation of excitatory transmission between bipolar and ganglion cells. GAD65 showed widespread distribution across retinal synaptic layers and optic fibers in pre-hibernation but declined markedly during hibernation, consistent with reduced activity-dependent GABAergic signaling. In contrast, GAD67 immunoreactivity increased in the inner nuclear layer, suggesting a shift toward sustained basal inhibitory tone that may support synaptic stability during metabolic suppression. MAP2 immunoreactivity increased in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) but decreased in the photoreceptor layer (PRL) during hibernation. This shift in distribution suggests cytoskeletal reorganization in second-order neurons and reduced physiological activity in photoreceptor terminals under metabolic suppression. Together, the modulation of excitatory (VGLUT1), inhibitory (GAD65/67), and cytoskeletal (MAP2) markers suggest that the hibernating retina undergoes structural and functional adaptations aimed at preserving neural circuitry under metabolic suppression.

Anatolian地松鼠（spermoophilus xanthoprymnus）为研究冬眠期间视网膜的神经适应过程提供了一个有价值的模型。本研究旨在评估冬眠前和冬眠状态下视网膜中谷氨酸囊泡转运蛋白1 （VGLUT1）、谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）亚型GAD65和GAD67以及微管相关蛋白2 （MAP2）的表达。采用免疫组织化学和密度定量分析视网膜组织。冬眠期间，VGLUT1在外丛状层（OPL）的表达保持稳定，但在内丛状层（IPL）的表达显著降低，提示双极细胞和神经节细胞之间的兴奋传递选择性下调。GAD65在冬眠前广泛分布于视网膜突触层和视神经纤维中，但在冬眠期间明显下降，与活动依赖性gaba能信号的减少一致。相比之下，GAD67的免疫反应性在内核层增加，表明在代谢抑制期间向持续的基底抑制性音调转变，这可能支持突触稳定性。冬眠期间，MAP2免疫反应性在内核层（INL）和外丛状层（OPL）中升高，而在光感受器层（PRL）中降低。这种分布的转变表明，在代谢抑制下，二级神经元的细胞骨架重组和光感受器末端的生理活性降低。总之，兴奋性（VGLUT1）、抑制性（GAD65/67）和细胞骨架（MAP2）标记的调节表明，冬眠视网膜经历了结构和功能上的适应，目的是在代谢抑制下保持神经回路。

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引用次数: 0

Pneumatisation patterns surrounding the internal acoustic meatus 内声道周围的气化模式。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152724

Răzvan Costin Tudose , George Triantafyllou , Maria Piagkou , Mugurel Constantin Rusu

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and anatomical patterns of temporal bone pneumatisation surrounding the internal acoustic meatus (IAM), specifically across its three anatomical regions: the porus acusticus internus (medial opening), the proper IAM (tubular midportion), and the fundus (lateral end). A secondary objective was to evaluate the association between pneumatisation and the thickness of the overlying tegmen in each region.

Methods

A total of 160 IAMs (80 patients, bilateral assessment) were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The IAM was anatomically subdivided into the porus, proper IAM, and fundus. Pneumatisation was assessed separately for each region's superior (tegmen), inferior, anterior, and posterior bony walls. Linear measurements of tegmen thickness were obtained and compared between pneumatised and non-pneumatised regions. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, Levene’s variance equality test, and independent samples t-tests.

Results

Complete superior wall pneumatisation was observed in 23.8 % of right sides and 22.5 % of left sides. Inferior wall pneumatisation was absent bilaterally in 52.5 % of cases, while anterior wall involvement was noted in fewer than 17 % of cases. Posterior wall pneumatisation was absent in 80.0 % (right) and 75.0 % (left) sides. Pneumatised regions demonstrated significantly greater tegmen thickness across all areas (p < 0.001 in most cases). Gender-based analyses were conducted.

Conclusion

IAM-adjacent pneumatisation most often involves the superior wall and correlates with greater tegmen thickness, supporting targeted imaging for safer skull-base surgery and updating clinicians’ understanding of this region.

目的：本研究旨在探讨内声道（IAM）周围颞骨充气的患病率和解剖模式，特别是在其三个解剖区域：耳孔内（内侧开口），适当的IAM（管状中段）和眼底（外侧端）。第二个目的是评估在每个区域上覆盖的被盖厚度之间的关联。方法：采用锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）对160例IAMs（80例，双侧评估）进行分析。在解剖学上可将IAM细分为多孔、固有IAM和眼底。分别评估每个区域的上（被盖）、下、前、后骨壁的通气情况。获得了被盖厚度的线性测量值，并在充气和未充气区域之间进行了比较。统计分析包括Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验、Levene方差相等性检验和独立样本t检验。结果：23.8%的右侧和22.5%的左侧肺壁完全充气。52.5%的病例没有双侧下壁肺炎，而前壁受累的病例不到17%。80.0%（右）和75.0%（左）侧未见后壁充气。结论：iam邻近的气肿最常累及上壁，且与更大的被膜厚度相关，这为更安全的颅底手术提供了靶向成像支持，并更新了临床医生对该区域的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Anatomy reimagined: The landfald classification as a transformative surgical and radiological guide to facial artery variants 解剖学重构：Landfald分类作为面部动脉变异的变革性外科和放射学指南。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152712

Ingrid C. Landfald , Jakub Adamek , Yaashmithaa AP Siva Kumar , Łukasz Olewnik , John Coleman , Piotr Labetowicz

The facial artery (FA) is the main vascular supply to the anterior face, but it exhibits considerable anatomical variation that impacts surgical planning. We review FA anatomy and variants, examining clinical and radiological data since 2010, and introduce the updated Landfald Classification of FA variants. The common linguofacial trunk (LFT), in which the facial and lingual arteries arise as a single trunk, is the most prevalent variant (approximately 15 % of cases) (Herrera-Núñez et al., 2020; Triantafyllou et al., 2024). Rare variants include the thyrolinguofacial trunk (TLFT, <3 %) and true arterial duplication or early termination (on the order of a few percent) (Zaccheo et al., 2023; Yoon et al., 2024). These anomalies disrupt the usual FA territory and can increase the risk of tongue or facial ischemia during head and neck surgery, free flap failure, or inadvertent vascular occlusion in cosmetic injections. High-resolution angiographic imaging is essential: computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) reliably delineate FA course and branches, though CTA involves ionizing radiation (Furukawa et al., 2013). We present an enhanced Landfald Classification with five major types (I–V) and fourteen subtypes (Ia–Vb) that stratify FA anatomy by branching pattern, clinical implications, and imaging detectability. This framework supports tailored surgical approaches and risk mitigation. For example, classical (“Type I”) FA patterns allow predictable flap design, whereas hypoplastic or aberrant (“Type IV–V”) variants often necessitate alternative strategies. Surgeons and radiologists should apply detailed preoperative mapping – including CTA, MRA, Doppler ultrasonography, or augmented-reality simulations – to identify FA variants and plan safe dissections. In conclusion, recognizing the full spectrum of FA variation and using the Landfald classification can improve surgical precision and patient safety in reconstructive, oncologic, and aesthetic facial procedures.

面动脉（FA）是前面部的主要血管供应，但它表现出相当大的解剖变异，影响手术计划。我们回顾了FA的解剖和变异，检查了2010年以来的临床和放射学数据，并介绍了更新的FA变异的Landfald分类。常见舌面干（LFT）是最常见的变异（约占病例的15%）（Herrera-Núñez et al., 2020; Triantafyllou et al., 2024），其中面部动脉和舌动脉作为单个干出现。罕见的变异包括甲状腺颌面部干（TLFT），

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引用次数: 0

The real superior gluteal artery perforator flap model in pigs: An anatomical study with applications for translational research 猪臀上动脉穿支皮瓣模型的解剖学研究及其在转译研究中的应用

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152714

Yanhai Zuo

Background

The superior gluteal artery perforator flap is commonly used in the clinic. This cadaveric study was designed to explore the anatomy and harvest of a real pig model with a superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP-p-r) flap.

Methods

The vascular anatomy and surgical procedures of the SGAP-p-r flap were conducted in ten (n = 10) and five (n = 5), respectively, lard-infused pig cadavers. The primary parameter was the course of the pedicle of the SGAP-p-r flap. A comparison between the SGAP-p-r flap and its human counterpart was made.

Results

The pedicle of the SGAP-p-r flap was consistently present in all 10 samples and penetrated through the intermuscular septum between the gluteus superficialis and the biceps femoris. The source artery of the SGAP-p-r flap is the superior gluteal artery, which has several muscular branches into the gluteus profundus, the gluteus superficialis and the biceps femoris. The SGAP-p-r flap was designed in a circular area with a radius of 3 cm, and the center was 3–4 cm on the head side of the ischial tuberosity. The SGAP-p-r flap can be harvested as a type of chimeric flap containing the gluteus superficialis, and skin. Moreover, a wide range of musculocutaneous flaps based on the gluteus superficialis can be designed based on the SGAP-p-r flap and the SGAP-p-e flap.

Conclusion

Both the vascular anatomy and surgical procedures of the SGAP-p-r flap are similar to those of humans. Pigs can serve as a suitable animal model for superior gluteal artery perforator flaps.

背景臀上动脉穿支皮瓣是临床上常用的皮瓣。本尸体研究旨在探讨带臀上动脉穿支（SGAP-p-r）皮瓣的真猪模型的解剖和收获。方法对10例（n = 10）和5例（n = 5）猪油灌注猪尸体进行SGAP-p-r皮瓣的血管解剖和手术。主要参数为SGAP-p-r皮瓣蒂的走行。将SGAP-p-r皮瓣与人体对应皮瓣进行比较。结果SGAP-p-r皮瓣的蒂一致存在于所有10个样本中，并穿过臀浅肌和股二头肌之间的肌间隔。SGAP-p-r皮瓣的源动脉为臀上动脉，该动脉有几个肌肉分支进入臀深肌、臀浅肌和股二头肌。SGAP-p-r皮瓣设计在坐骨结节头侧半径为3 cm的圆形区域内，中心为3 - 4 cm。SGAP-p-r皮瓣可以作为一种包含臀浅肌和皮肤的嵌合皮瓣获得。此外，在SGAP-p-r皮瓣和SGAP-p-e皮瓣的基础上，可以设计各种基于臀浅肌的肌皮瓣。结论SGAP-p-r皮瓣的血管解剖和手术方法与人相似。猪可作为臀上动脉穿支皮瓣的合适动物模型。

{"title":"The real superior gluteal artery perforator flap model in pigs: An anatomical study with applications for translational research","authors":"Yanhai Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The superior gluteal artery perforator flap is commonly used in the clinic. This cadaveric study was designed to explore the anatomy and harvest of a real pig model with a superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP-p-r) flap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The vascular anatomy and surgical procedures of the SGAP-p-r flap were conducted in ten (n = 10) and five (n = 5), respectively, lard-infused pig cadavers. The primary parameter was the course of the pedicle of the SGAP-p-r flap. A comparison between the SGAP-p-r flap and its human counterpart was made.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pedicle of the SGAP-p-r flap was consistently present in all 10 samples and penetrated through the intermuscular septum between the gluteus superficialis and the biceps femoris. The source artery of the SGAP-p-r flap is the superior gluteal artery, which has several muscular branches into the gluteus profundus, the gluteus superficialis and the biceps femoris. The SGAP-p-r flap was designed in a circular area with a radius of 3 cm, and the center was 3–4 cm on the head side of the ischial tuberosity. The SGAP-p-r flap can be harvested as a type of chimeric flap containing the gluteus superficialis, and skin. Moreover, a wide range of musculocutaneous flaps based on the gluteus superficialis can be designed based on the SGAP-p-r flap and the SGAP-p-e flap.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both the vascular anatomy and surgical procedures of the SGAP-p-r flap are similar to those of humans. Pigs can serve as a suitable animal model for superior gluteal artery perforator flaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 152714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thiel cadaver suitability for image-based abdominal ultrasound research Thiel尸体在基于图像的腹部超声研究中的适用性

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152713

Alistair Lawley , May Thu Zin , Catriona Turbet , Rory Hampson , Gordon Dobie

Introduction

Medical ultrasound is a widely utilised diagnostic tool, offering healthcare professionals a safe, real-time imaging solution effective across various disciplines and care settings. Despite extensive clinical use, ultrasound receives limited focus from AI and imaging research, due to the lack of extensive datasets. Unlike CT and MRI, where scan recording is part of the workflow, creating large databases ideal for study, ultrasound is a live modality where only limited recording is performed, and results are not generally collated into significant datasets. Therefore, capturing an ultrasound dataset for imaging research is time-consuming and expensive due to clinical and ethical hurdles involved in scanning patients, making it inaccessible to many researchers. This study investigates Thiel cadavers as a more accessible and cost-effective sample for early-stage ultrasound research compared to in-vivo patient scanning.

Material & methods

We present a dataset of 37 abdominal scans and provide an initial review of their suitability for ultrasound imaging studies. Thiel cadavers are preserved using a liquid embalming method that maintains many tissue properties essential for ultrasound scanning.

Results

Over 70 % of the scans were deemed of sufficient quality, when compared against similar patient scans, for use in imaging research. Changes in the fluid balance within tissues and abdominal cavity were the main limitation in obtaining quality scans.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that Thiel cadavers maintain sufficient tissue properties for diverse ultrasound imaging research, providing a cost-effective, low-risk option for speculative research in abdominal ultrasound AI where clinical trials are not yet feasible, and existing datasets are unavailable.

医学超声是一种广泛使用的诊断工具，为医疗保健专业人员提供安全、实时的成像解决方案，有效地跨越各种学科和护理环境。尽管临床应用广泛，但由于缺乏广泛的数据集，超声在人工智能和成像研究中受到的关注有限。与CT和MRI不同，扫描记录是工作流程的一部分，为研究创建了理想的大型数据库，超声是一种现场模式，只进行有限的记录，结果通常不会整理成重要的数据集。因此，由于涉及扫描患者的临床和伦理障碍，捕获用于成像研究的超声数据集既耗时又昂贵，使许多研究人员无法获得。本研究调查了Thiel尸体作为早期超声研究更容易获得和成本效益的样本，与活体患者扫描相比。材料和方法我们提出了37个腹部扫描的数据集，并提供了他们的适用性超声成像研究的初步审查。蒂尔尸体是用液体防腐方法保存的，这种方法保留了超声扫描所必需的许多组织特性。结果超过70 %的扫描被认为是足够的质量，当与类似的病人扫描相比，用于影像学研究。组织和腹腔内液体平衡的改变是获得高质量扫描的主要限制。本研究表明，Thiel尸体保持了足够的组织特性，可用于各种超声成像研究，为临床试验尚不可行且现有数据集不可用的腹部超声人工智能推测性研究提供了一种成本效益高、风险低的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3796902 in PITX2 with Carabelli’s trait in permanent molars PITX2单核苷酸多态性rs3796902与恒磨牙Carabelli性状的关系

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152716

Mariana Espindola de Oliveira , Allan Abuabara , Ariane Beatriz Blancato , Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira , Thais Vilalba Paniagua Machado do Nascimento , Peter Proff , Christian Kirschneck , César Penazzo Lepri , Erika Calvano Küchler , Flares Baratto-Filho

Objectives

This study investigated the association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PITX2 gene and Carabelli trait.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study included a population of orthodontic patients from Germany. Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction from buccal cells. SNPs in PITX2 (rs1947187, rs2595110, and rs3796902) were evaluated using real-time PCR with TaqMan technology. The permanent maxillary first molars were assessed using digital models from orthodontic records and classified according to the Carabelli trait phenotype. Comparison between groups was performed for allele distribution and genotypic distribution in codominant, recessive, and dominant models using the chi-square test. A significance level of 5 % was adopted for all analyses.

Results

A total of 160 patients were analyzed. Positive Carabelli trait expression occurred in 18.2 % of tooth maxillary right first molars and 17.5 % of maxillary left first molars. The rs3796902 was associated with positive expression of the Carabelli trait (p < 0.05), in which patients carrying the GG genotype had a higher chance to present the Positive Carabelli trait.

Conclusions

The rs3796902 in PITX2 gene is associated with Carabelli trait in humans.

目的探讨PITX2基因单核苷酸多态性（snp）与Carabelli性状的关系。材料和方法本横断面研究包括来自德国的正畸患者。采集唾液样本，提取口腔细胞DNA。采用TaqMan技术实时荧光定量PCR检测PITX2位点（rs1947187、rs2595110和rs3796902）的snp。使用正畸记录的数字模型对上颌第一磨牙进行评估，并根据Carabelli性状表型进行分类。用卡方检验比较共显性、隐性和显性模型的等位基因分布和基因型分布。所有分析均采用显著性水平5 %。结果共分析160例患者。上颌右第一磨牙和上颌左第一磨牙的Carabelli性状阳性表达分别为18.2% %和17.5% %。rs3796902与Carabelli性状的阳性表达相关（p <； 0.05），其中携带GG基因型的患者出现positive Carabelli性状的几率更高。结论PITX2基因rs3796902与人类Carabelli性状有关。

{"title":"Association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3796902 in PITX2 with Carabelli’s trait in permanent molars","authors":"Mariana Espindola de Oliveira , Allan Abuabara , Ariane Beatriz Blancato , Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira , Thais Vilalba Paniagua Machado do Nascimento , Peter Proff , Christian Kirschneck , César Penazzo Lepri , Erika Calvano Küchler , Flares Baratto-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <em>PITX2</em> gene and Carabelli trait.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included a population of orthodontic patients from Germany. Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction from buccal cells. SNPs in <em>PITX2</em> (rs1947187, rs2595110, and rs3796902) were evaluated using real-time PCR with TaqMan technology. The permanent maxillary first molars were assessed using digital models from orthodontic records and classified according to the Carabelli trait phenotype. Comparison between groups was performed for allele distribution and genotypic distribution in codominant, recessive, and dominant models using the chi-square test. A significance level of 5 % was adopted for all analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 160 patients were analyzed. Positive Carabelli trait expression occurred in 18.2 % of tooth maxillary right first molars and 17.5 % of maxillary left first molars. The rs3796902 was associated with positive expression of the Carabelli trait (p < 0.05), in which patients carrying the GG genotype had a higher chance to present the Positive Carabelli trait.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The rs3796902 in <em>PITX2</em> gene is associated with Carabelli trait in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 152716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative ultrasonographic assessment of the orbicularis oris muscle following cleft lip surgery: A case-control study 唇裂手术后口轮匝肌的定量超声评估：一项病例对照研究

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152715

Michaela Bučkova , Christiane Keil , Kristin Heinze , Winnie Pradel , Theodosia Bartzela , Samaneh Farahzadi , Milan Drahoš , Günter Lauer , Adrian Franke

Background

This case-control study aimed to quantitatively assess the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after primary lip repair using high-resolution ultrasonography, and to compare these measurements with children presenting isolated cleft palate (CP) without lip involvement.

Methods

For this, 12 infants with UCLP who had undergone primary lip repair at 4–5 months of age were examined during subsequent palatoplasty at 9–12 months. They were compared to eight age-matched controls with isolated CP. Using a 22 MHz “hockey stick” transducer under general anaesthesia, muscle thickness (MT), height (MH), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the OOM were measured on both sides of the upper lip.

Results

The cleft side of the study group showed a significantly reduced CSA compared to the non-cleft side (p = 0.05), while MT was lower but not statistically significant. When compared with the control group, the cleft side showed significantly smaller CSA (p = 0.02) and MT (p = 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the non-cleft side and the control group, indicating normal muscle development on the unaffected side.

Conclusions

Ultrasound proved to be a safe, reliable, and accessible tool for evaluating perioral muscle morphology in infants. The findings indicate persistent hypoplasia of the OOM on the cleft side post-repair, while the non-cleft side exhibits regular growth. These results may inform surgical technique selection and underline the potential of ultrasound for longitudinal studies. Future research could further enhance our understanding of muscle development and surgical outcomes in cleft patients.

本病例对照研究旨在利用高分辨率超声定量评估单侧唇腭裂（UCLP）患儿初次唇部修复后的口轮匝肌（OOM），并将这些测量结果与未受援唇部的孤立性腭裂（CP）患儿进行比较。方法对12例4-5月龄行初唇修复术的UCLP患儿在9-12月龄行腭裂成形术时进行检查。将他们与8名年龄匹配的孤立CP对照组进行比较。在全身麻醉下，使用22 MHz“曲棍球棒”传感器，测量上唇两侧OOM的肌肉厚度（MT），高度（MH）和横截面积（CSA）。结果实验组唇腭裂侧CSA较非唇腭裂侧明显降低（p = 0.05），MT低于非唇腭裂侧，但无统计学意义。与对照组相比，裂侧CSA （p = 0.02）和MT （p = 0.05）明显减小。在非裂侧和对照组之间没有观察到显著差异，表明未裂侧肌肉发育正常。结论超声是一种安全、可靠、方便的评价婴幼儿口周肌形态的工具。结果显示腭裂侧修复后的OOM持续发育不全，而非腭裂侧则表现出正常的生长。这些结果可以为手术技术的选择提供参考，并强调超声在纵向研究中的潜力。未来的研究可以进一步提高我们对唇裂患者肌肉发育和手术结果的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Distribution of dendritic cells and macrophages in the nose with special reference to site-dependent differences: A cadaveric study 树突状细胞和巨噬细胞在鼻腔中的分布与位点依赖性差异：一项尸体研究。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152710

Tomohito Tanaka , Eri Miyamoto , Yuki Yoshihashi , Kei Kitamura , Ai Hirano-Kawamoto , Gen Murakami , Shin-ichi Abe

Background

Macrophages and interdigitating dendritic cells (DCs) are key professional antigen-presenting cells. However, DCs appear to be absent in healthy nasal mucosa, despite the extensive ciliated respiratory epithelium being highly exposed to various antigens.

Methods

Using histological specimens from 20 elderly cadavers, we examined the distribution of immunoreactive cells in the nasal vestibular skin, mucocutaneous junction, and ciliated mucosa. CD1a, CD83 and DC-SIGN were used as DC markers, with the latter two being typically employed in lymphatic tissue studies.

Results

Macrophages and CD8-positive lymphocytes were widely distributed throughout the subcutaneous and submucosal tissues at all epithelial depths. These cells were occasionally found embedded within both the mucocutaneous junction epithelium and basal layer of the mucosal epithelium. In contrast, CD4-positive lymphocytes were scarce across all examined sites. CD169-positive macrophages, considered the first-line gatekeepers in lymphatic tissues, were localized along deep vessels and glands. CD1a-positive DCs (Langerhans cells) were absent from both the cytokeratin 14-negative squamous epithelium and ciliary epithelium but were abundant in the basal layer of the cytokeratin 14-positive stratified squamous epithelium. CD1a-positive cells, which exhibit either a dendritic or round morphology, were occasionally scattered through the elastic fiber-rich subcutaneous tissue. A few DC-SIGN– or CD83-positive DCs were seen in glands and along deep vessels in subcutaneous and submucosal tissues

Conclusion

Hair follicles at the nasal vestibule were likely accompanied by a cluster of CD1a-positive cells and CD8-positive lymphocytes. Macrophages, rather than DCs, were likely the primary antigen-presenting cells for CD8-positive lymphocytes in aged nasal respiratory mucosa.

背景：巨噬细胞和交错树突状细胞（DCs）是关键的专业抗原提呈细胞。然而，尽管广泛的纤毛呼吸道上皮高度暴露于各种抗原，但在健康的鼻黏膜中似乎没有dc。方法：采用20例老年尸体的组织学标本，检测了鼻前庭皮肤、粘膜皮肤交界处和纤毛粘膜中免疫反应细胞的分布。使用CD1a、CD83和DC- sign作为DC标记物，后两者通常用于淋巴组织研究。结果：巨噬细胞和cd8阳性淋巴细胞广泛分布于各上皮深度的皮下和粘膜下组织。这些细胞偶尔被发现包埋在粘膜皮肤连接上皮和粘膜上皮的基底层。相比之下，cd4阳性淋巴细胞在所有检查部位都很少见。cd169阳性巨噬细胞被认为是淋巴组织的一线看门人，它们分布在深部血管和腺体。cd1a阳性的dc（朗格汉斯细胞）在细胞角蛋白14阴性的鳞状上皮和睫状上皮中均不存在，但在细胞角蛋白14阳性的层状鳞状上皮的基底层大量存在。cd1a阳性细胞呈树突状或圆形，偶尔散布在富含弹性纤维的皮下组织中。结论：鼻前庭毛囊内可能伴cd1a阳性细胞和cd8阳性淋巴细胞聚集。老年鼻呼吸道黏膜cd8阳性淋巴细胞的主要抗原呈递细胞可能是巨噬细胞，而非dc。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating sexual dimorphism in Romanov sheep: A comparative 3D shape analysis of manual and automated landmarking 评估罗曼诺夫羊的性别二态性：手动和自动标记的比较三维形状分析。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152708

Caner BAKICI , İhsan Berat KILIÇLI , Hasen Awel YUNUS , İdil ÜNAL , Barış BATUR

Background

3D geometric morphometric techniques are increasingly employed to assess shape variation with high precision. A critical step is anatomical landmark placement, traditionally done manually, an accurate but time-consuming and inconsistent process for large datasets. To overcome these limitations, automated landmarking tools using artificial intelligence have emerged. This study compared manual and automated landmarking methods to evaluate cranial sexual dimorphism in Romanov sheep.

Methods

Thirty sheep cranium (15 males, 15 females) were scanned using high-resolution computed tomography with 0.6 mm slice thickness. Manual and ALPACA-based landmarking were applied to reconstructed 3D models, and shape analyses were performed using GPA and PCA in 3D slicer, followed by statistical testing in PAST.

Results

Manual landmarking revealed sex-specific shape differences, particularly in the foramen magnum, occipital condyles, processus paracondylaris, protuberantia occipitalis externa, linea nuchae, prosthion, and palatal regions. ALPACA successfully identified biologically meaningful variation, mainly in the nasal, dental, and caudal skull regions. Both approaches confirmed significant sexual dimorphism, with ALPACA offering faster processing and reduced observer bias. PCA results indicated that manual landmark placement was more successful in distinguishing male and female cranial morphologies.

Conclusions

Automated landmarking via ALPACA demonstrated robust performance in capturing cranial sexual dimorphism, offering a reproducible and efficient alternative to manual methods. These findings highlight the utility of AI-supported morphometric workflows in veterinary anatomy, zooarchaeology, and forensic applications. The fact that manual landmarking is more successful in distinguishing females from males in the PCA scatter plot also highlights the need for further development of automated landmarking.

背景：三维几何形态测量技术越来越多地被用于高精度的形状变化评估。一个关键步骤是解剖地标的放置，传统上是手工完成的，对于大型数据集来说，这是一个准确但耗时且不一致的过程。为了克服这些限制，使用人工智能的自动地标工具已经出现。本研究比较了手动和自动标记方法来评估罗曼诺夫羊颅骨性别二型性。方法：对30只羊头盖骨（男15只，女15只）进行高分辨率ct扫描，扫描层厚0.6mm。重建的三维模型分别采用Manual和alpaca标记法，在三维切片机中采用GPA和PCA进行形状分析，并在PAST中进行统计检验。结果：手工标记显示了性别特异性的形状差异，特别是在枕骨大孔、枕髁、髁旁突、枕外隆突、颈线、假体和腭区。ALPACA成功地鉴定了具有生物学意义的变异，主要在鼻、牙和尾颅骨区域。这两种方法都证实了显著的两性二态性，ALPACA提供了更快的处理速度和更少的观察者偏见。主成分分析结果表明，人工标记放置在区分男性和女性颅骨形态方面更成功。结论：通过ALPACA自动标记在捕获颅骨性别二态性方面表现出强大的性能，为手动方法提供了可重复和有效的替代方法。这些发现突出了人工智能支持的形态测量工作流程在兽医解剖学、动物考古学和法医应用中的实用性。人工标记在PCA散点图中更能成功地区分雌性和雄性，这一事实也突出了自动化标记的进一步发展的必要性。

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引用次数: 0