Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

Diversity in anatomical education 解剖学教育的多样性

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2026.152782

Erich Brenner , Ulrike Nachtschatt , Marko Konschake , Elisabeth Pechriggl

Anatomical education is at a critical juncture where traditional paradigms and practices clash with the pressing need for inclusive representation across multiple dimensions of human diversity. Anatomical education remains foundational to medical training, yet it continues to project a narrow representation of the human body, most often a healthy, young, white male. This limited portrayal fails to reflect the diversity of real patients and perpetuates structural biases in medical practice. This position paper critiques the predominant tools and methods in anatomical teaching – textbooks, digital platforms, and models – for their lack of inclusivity across various dimensions, including age, sex, race, skin colour, health status, and physical ability. In contrast, donor-based dissection offers a more authentic and diverse representation of human anatomy. We examine how anatomical education can evolve to align with the medical profession's commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). By mapping the mismatch between current anatomical imagery and real patient populations, we identify actionable strategies to foster inclusive, evidence-based curricula, such as integrating diverse anatomical imagery, developing inclusive teaching materials, and providing targeted faculty training. This paper serves as the conceptual anchor for the present special issue, outlining a roadmap for anatomists, educators, and policymakers to rethink anatomy as an inclusive discipline, ultimately improving clinical competence and patient care for diverse populations. We also highlight areas where further research is needed to evaluate the impact of inclusive anatomical education on learner outcomes and healthcare delivery.

解剖学教育正处于一个关键时刻，传统的范式和实践与人类多样性的多个维度的包容性代表的迫切需要发生冲突。解剖学教育仍然是医学培训的基础，但它继续投射出人体的狭隘代表，最常见的是健康，年轻的白人男性。这种有限的描述未能反映真实患者的多样性，并使医疗实践中的结构性偏见永久化。这篇立场文件批评了解剖学教学中的主要工具和方法——教科书、数字平台和模型——因为它们缺乏不同维度的包容性，包括年龄、性别、种族、肤色、健康状况和身体能力。相比之下，以供体为基础的解剖提供了更真实和多样化的人体解剖表现。我们研究解剖教育如何演变，以配合医学专业的承诺，以多样性，公平性和包容性（DEI）。通过绘制当前解剖图像与真实患者群体之间的不匹配，我们确定了可操作的策略，以促进包容性，以证据为基础的课程，例如整合不同的解剖图像，开发包容性的教材，并提供有针对性的教师培训。本文作为本特刊的概念锚，概述了解剖学家、教育工作者和政策制定者将解剖学重新思考为一门包容性学科的路线图，最终提高临床能力和不同人群的患者护理。我们还强调了需要进一步研究的领域，以评估包容性解剖学教育对学习者成果和医疗保健服务的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The sciatic gliding space 坐骨滑动空间。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152778

Karolina Böllinger , Dina Wiersbicki , Vaclav Klicnik , Andreas Wolfgang Reske , Wolfgang Gruener , Charlotte Kulow , Hanno Steinke

Background

This study investigates the connective tissue structures that enable the sciatic nerve to glide through the deep gluteal and upper limb area. Characterizing the gliding space may improve the understanding of non-discogenic sciatica and support clinical approaches to its treatment.

Methods

Thirty limbs of alcohol- and Thiel-fixed specimens (21 female, 9 male; mean age 85.2 years) were examined using macroscopic dissection. Additional visualization was achieved through methacrylate corrosion casts. Ultrasound examinations were performed on specimens and two healthy volunteers to assess the sciatic nerve and its surrounding connective tissue during movements.

Results

Dissections consistently revealed a C-shaped anatomical space surrounding the sciatic nerve, bordered by distinct connective tissue folds (“arches”) linking the nerve to pelvitrochanteric muscles and the adductor magnus muscle. This Sciatic Gliding Space (SGS) extended from the infrapiriform foramen into the proximal thigh, where it was divided by a sagittal septum. The SGS was identifiable through blunt dissection, injection, and sonography. Sonography demonstrated its dynamic adaptation during hip rotation. In 29 of 30 cases, the SGS appeared unobstructed, while one case showed fibrous structures comparable to fibrovascular tissue described in deep gluteal syndrome.

Conclusion

The SGS represents a structured anatomical space bordered by lamina of connective tissue (telae). It may facilitate vascular supply and tension-free gliding of the sciatic nerve. Recognition of this space may provide an anatomical basis for sciatic pain syndromes and guide endoscopic and sonographic diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.

背景：本研究探讨了使坐骨神经滑过臀深和上肢区域的结缔组织结构。表征滑动间隙可以提高对非盘源性坐骨神经痛的认识，并支持临床治疗方法。方法：采用肉眼解剖方法，对30例酒精和thil固定肢体标本进行解剖，其中女性21例，男性9例，平均年龄85.2岁。通过甲基丙烯酸酯腐蚀铸件实现了进一步的可视化。对标本和两名健康志愿者进行超声检查，评估运动过程中坐骨神经及其周围结缔组织。结果：解剖一致显示，坐骨神经周围有一个c形解剖空间，周围有明显的结缔组织褶皱（“弓”），连接神经与盆腔粗肌和大收肌。这个坐骨滑动间隙（SGS）从梨状下孔延伸到大腿近端，在那里被矢状隔隔开。通过钝性解剖、注射和超声检查可识别SGS。超声显示其在髋关节旋转过程中的动态适应性。在30例中，29例SGS无阻塞，而1例显示纤维结构，与臀深综合征的纤维血管组织相似。结论：SGS是一个以结缔组织层（端部）为边界的结构解剖空间。它可以促进血管供应和坐骨神经的无张力滑动。对这个空间的认识可以为坐骨疼痛综合征提供解剖学基础，并指导内窥镜和超声诊断或治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0

Anatomical feasibility study on direct coaptation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve to the tensor fasciae latae muscle nerve as a treatment for meralgia paresthetica by targeted muscle reinnervation 股外侧皮神经与阔筋膜张肌神经直接接合治疗感觉异常痛的解剖学可行性研究。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2026.152780

Jérémy Hardy , Fabien Fredon , Cynthia Abane , Sylvaine Durand Fontanier

Introduction

Surgical treatment of meralgia paresthetica (MP) is difficult, with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) neurectomy appearing to give the best results at the cost of a potentially painful post-resection neuroma.

The targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgical technique allows the axons of a damaged sensory nerve to regrow into the motor end plates of a muscle, thus preventing the formation of a neuroma.

This study describes the use of the terminal branch of the superior gluteal nerve for the tensor fasciae latae muscle (bSGN/TFL) as a recipient for LFCN regrowth for the treatment of MP by TMR.

Methods

20 dissections were performed on 10 fresh frozen donated bodies (mean age: 81.9, sex ratio 0.5). Using a single approach, the bSGN/TFL was accessed at its entry into the TFL muscle and dissected retrogradely as far as the space between the TFL muscle and the gluteus medius muscle allowed, then sectioned. The bSGN/TFL was then coapted with the LFCN stump above the inguinal ligament.

Main results

In all cases, coaptation was achieved. The maximum length of bSGN/TFL that could be harvested via a single incision was 7.1 (5−11) cm. The average length of bSGN/TFL required to achieve coaptation was 5.7 (4.3–9) cm. Intraneural dissection of one of the SGN branches to the gluteus muscles was necessary in 16 cases.

Discussion/Conclusion

TMR appears to be the only technique capable of both treating neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia secondary to MP. This technique could be used as a first-line treatment and/or in cases where neurectomies have failed to treat MP.

手术治疗感觉异常（MP）是困难的，股骨外侧皮神经（LFCN）神经切除术似乎提供了最好的结果，但代价是切除后可能出现疼痛的神经瘤。靶向肌肉神经再生（TMR）手术技术允许受损感觉神经的轴突再生到肌肉的运动端板中，从而防止神经瘤的形成。本研究描述了利用臀上神经阔筋膜张肌末梢支（bSGN/TFL）作为LFCN再生的受体，通过TMR治疗MP。方法：对10具新鲜冷冻捐献尸体进行20例解剖，平均年龄81.9岁，性别比0.5。采用单一入路，在TFL肌入口处进入bSGN/TFL，并在TFL肌与臀中肌之间的空间允许的范围内逆行解剖，然后切片。然后在腹股沟韧带上方用LFCN残端包覆bSGN/TFL。主要结果：所有病例均获得适应。单切口可切除的bSGN/TFL的最大长度为7.1 (5-11)cm，达到吻合所需的bSGN/TFL的平均长度为5.7 (4.3-9)cm。16例需要在神经内剥离SGN分支中的一条至臀肌。讨论/结论：TMR似乎是唯一能够同时治疗MP继发神经性疼痛和痛觉过敏的技术。这项技术可以作为一线治疗和/或在神经切除术未能治疗MP的情况下使用。

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引用次数: 0

The supply of bodies to the Erlangen Institute of Anatomy during National Socialism 在国家社会主义时期，向埃尔兰根解剖研究所提供尸体。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152777

Tim S. Goldmann , Michael Scholz , Friedrich Paulsen , Mathias Schütz , Fritz Dross

During the Nazi era, the Institute of Anatomy of what is now Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg received bodies from institutions involved in Nazi crimes. As the body register (Leicheneingangsbuch) from April 1933 to September 1946 is missing, the provenance of anatomical body procurement at Erlangen during this period and certain specimens within the anatomical legacy collection there have remained unclear. Archival material from municipal, state and national archives, university records, and the specimens themselves were examined. Primary sources were analysed to identify the scientific use of human remains from victims of National Socialism. Secondary literature was reviewed to contextualise findings within previous research.

391 people, whose bodies were brought to the Institute of Anatomy in Erlangen from 1933 to 1944, were counted, and for 323 of them names could be reconstructed. The bodies were delivered from hospitals, nursing homes, prisons, workhouses, and execution sites. Vulnerable groups – such as patients, forced labourers, and children – were affected. The Erlangen anatomical legacy collection contains 84 datable Nazi era histological specimens (1936–1942), including identifiable victims from Munich-Stadelheim prison. Personnel and institutional continuities existed after 1945.

This study offers the first in-depth analysis of Erlangen’s anatomical body procurement during National Socialism, documenting identifiable Nazi victims. Although the original body register is missing, the findings demonstrate the need for systematic provenance research across all macroscopic and microscopic holdings and case-based investigations of identified individuals. The study provides a foundation for further, interdisciplinary research into the provenance and ethical reassessment of the anatomical collection in Erlangen.

在纳粹时期，现在的弗里德里希-亚历山大大学埃尔兰根-恩贝格解剖研究所从涉及纳粹罪行的机构接收了尸体。由于1933年4月至1946年9月的尸体登记（leicheneingangshbuch）缺失，这一时期在埃尔兰根获得的解剖尸体的来源以及那里解剖遗产收藏中的某些标本仍然不清楚。研究人员检查了来自市、州和国家档案馆的档案材料、大学记录和标本本身。对主要来源进行了分析，以确定国家社会主义受害者遗骸的科学用途。对二手文献进行了回顾，以将先前研究的结果置于背景中。从1933年到1944年，391人的尸体被送到埃尔兰根的解剖学研究所，其中323人的名字可以重建。这些尸体是从医院、养老院、监狱、济贫院和刑场运来的。弱势群体——如病人、强迫劳工和儿童——受到了影响。埃尔兰根解剖遗产收藏包含84个可追溯纳粹时代的组织学标本（1936-1942），其中包括慕尼黑斯塔德海姆监狱中可识别的受害者。1945年以后，人员和机构继续存在。这项研究首次深入分析了国家社会主义时期埃尔兰根的解剖尸体，记录了可识别的纳粹受害者。虽然原始的身体登记簿缺失，但研究结果表明，需要对所有宏观和微观持有的物种进行系统的来源研究，并对已识别的个体进行基于案例的调查。该研究为进一步跨学科研究埃尔兰根解剖标本的来源和伦理重新评估提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Human tissue research ethics and consent models: Global reflections in anatomical sciences 人体组织研究伦理和同意模型：解剖科学的全球反思。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152774

S. Singh , BZ De Gama , P. Pillay

Background

Human tissue research has evolved to include three-dimensional (3-D) printing, genetic research, digital imaging of human tissue, plastination, and the public display of human tissue. This has resulted in several concerns about ethical acquisition, storage, and use of human tissue, particularly informed consent. This empirical study obtained the perspectives and viewpoints of anatomists and researchers across five countries on the ethical components of human tissue research.

Methods

Thirty in-depth Zoom interviews were conducted with participants from South Africa, the United States of America (USA), New Zealand, Germany, and France. Participants shared their perspectives and viewpoints on informed consent models, ethical challenges surrounding human tissue research, and existing gaps in policy guidelines. The data was analysed using thematic and content analysis.

Results

Participants (57 %) indicated that human tissue research on the living and deceased is ethically different; hence, requires separate policy guidelines and regulations. There was a clear preference for ‘broad consent’ and ‘fully informed consent’ when conducting research on living humans and using cadaveric tissue, respectively. Key ethical challenges and policy gaps were identified as contemporary human tissue research, commercialising human tissue, consent for foetal tissue, and using unconsented skeletal collections and unidentified bodies for human tissue research.

Conclusions

This study highlights the moral complexity of contemporary human tissue research. It underscores the necessity for context-specific consent models and regulatory alignment for commercialisation and contemporary research uses of human tissue. Additionally, recommendations are provided to fill the policy gaps highlighted on consent models and ethical challenges in human tissue research.

背景：人体组织研究已经发展到包括三维（3-D）打印、基因研究、人体组织的数字成像、塑化和人体组织的公开展示。这导致了关于人体组织获取、储存和使用的伦理问题，特别是知情同意问题。这项实证研究获得了五个国家的解剖学家和研究人员对人体组织研究的伦理成分的观点和观点。方法：对来自南非、美国、新西兰、德国和法国的参与者进行30次深度Zoom访谈。与会者就知情同意模式、围绕人体组织研究的伦理挑战以及政策指导方针中存在的差距分享了他们的观点和观点。使用主题和内容分析对数据进行分析。结果：57%的参与者表示，对生者和死者进行人体组织研究在伦理上是不同的；因此，需要单独的政策指导方针和法规。在对活人进行研究和使用尸体组织时，人们明显倾向于“广泛同意”和“完全知情同意”。主要的伦理挑战和政策空白被确定为当代人体组织研究，人体组织商业化，胎儿组织的同意，以及使用未经同意的骨骼收集和身份不明的尸体进行人体组织研究。结论：本研究突出了当代人体组织研究的道德复杂性。它强调了为商业化和人类组织的当代研究用途建立特定环境的同意模型和监管一致性的必要性。此外，还提出了一些建议，以填补人体组织研究中同意模型和伦理挑战方面突出的政策空白。

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引用次数: 0

Moving beyond the use of anatomical terms derived from the Latin word pudere — An opinion piece 超越了使用源自拉丁单词pudere的解剖学术语。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152773

Bernard Moxham , Diogo Pais , Odile Plaisant , Beverley Kramer

The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and its Federative International Committee for Equality and Diversity in Anatomy (FICEDA) recommended that terms relation to pudere (to be ashamed) should be removed from Terminologia Anatomica (TA) for 3 reasons: 1) they are unscientific and outside the descriptive objectivity of science; 2) biologists should not regard as ’shameful' the essential functions undertaken by structures in the perineum; 3) the terms have sexist connotations that lie beyond the principles of Equity, Diversity and Inclusivity (EDI) in the anatomical sciences. The IFAA Executive subsequently required the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) to make ALL necessary changes to terms derived from pudere. However, only partial changes were enacted by FIPAT. The matter is presently unresolved and has provoked controversy. This article provides a review of the course of events and offers arguments against those criticisms levelled against changing pudere-related terms. In light of the IFAA’s EDI principles, and as social thought and practice generally evolve, it is essential that the terminology on pudere is altered to reflect acceptable and unapologetic norms.

国际解剖学家协会联合会（IFAA）及其国际解剖学平等和多样性联合会委员会（FICEDA）建议从《解剖学术语》（TA）中删除与阴部（羞耻）有关的术语，原因有三：1)它们不科学，超出了科学描述的客观性；2)生物学家不应该认为会阴结构所承担的基本功能是“可耻的”；3)这些术语具有性别歧视的含义，超出了解剖科学中的公平、多样性和包容性（EDI）原则。随后，国际解剖学术语联合会要求国际解剖学术语联合会（FIPAT）对源自puere的术语进行所有必要的修改。然而，FIPAT只进行了部分修改。这件事目前尚未解决，并引起了争议。本文回顾了事件的发展过程，并对那些针对不断变化的性相关术语的批评提出了反驳。根据IFAA的EDI原则，以及随着社会思想和实践的普遍发展，有必要改变关于pupuere的术语，以反映可接受的和毫无歉意的规范。

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引用次数: 0

Deep learning-based tooth segmentation for enhanced visualization of dental anomalies and pathologies 基于深度学习的牙齿分割，增强牙齿异常和病理的可视化。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152771

Fulin Jiang , Shihao Li , Jialing Liu , Fangyuan Cheng , Guangsheng Dai , Wen Liao , Zhihe Zhao , Juan Li

Background

This study aimed to developed and validated a deep-learning method for instance-level tooth segmentation in CBCT to enhance visualization and streamline detection of dental anomalies.

Methods

The proposed deep learning model was trained in segmenting teeth in scans on data from 470 scans with various dental anomalies (e.g. caries, missing teeth, bone island, periapical periodontitis) or dental histories (e.g. filling, restoration, root canal surgery). Training involved an accelerated annotation procedure in which experts annotated some of the images in the dataset, which helped the model annotate the remaining images. Experienced dentists identified anomalies and pathologies in another 60 scans after manual interpretation or segmentation by the deep learning model.

Results

The trained model required 7.025 ± 2.885 sec to segment teeth in a single scan with an accuracy of 0.934 ± 0.045 on the Jaccard index and mean relative volume difference of 0.075 ± 0.066. When aided by the segmentation overlays, dentists reduced anomaly-reading time by 20 %.

Conclusions

The proposed deep-learning framework achieves fully automated, instance-level segmentation of individual teeth in CBCT volumes with high geometric fidelity and clinically acceptable processing time. The high accuracy of the system supports its potential as a reliable tool in general dentistry.

背景：本研究旨在开发和验证CBCT实例级牙齿分割的深度学习方法，以增强牙齿异常的可视化和简化检测。方法：对提出的深度学习模型进行训练，在扫描中分割牙齿数据，这些数据来自470个扫描数据，其中包括各种牙齿异常（如龋齿、缺牙、骨岛、根尖周炎）或牙齿病史（如填充、修复、根管手术）。训练包括一个加速注释过程，在这个过程中，专家对数据集中的一些图像进行注释，这有助于模型对剩余的图像进行注释。经验丰富的牙医通过深度学习模型进行人工解释或分割后，在另外60次扫描中发现了异常和病理。结果：该模型单次扫描完成牙段分割时间为7.025±2.885秒，Jaccard指数精度为0.934±0.045，平均相对体积差为0.075±0.066。在分割叠加的帮助下，牙医将异常阅读时间减少了20%。结论：提出的深度学习框架实现了CBCT体积中单个牙齿的全自动实例级分割，具有高几何保真度和临床可接受的处理时间。该系统的高精度支持其作为普通牙科可靠工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A modern AI framework integrating deep imputation, synthetic data balancing, and explainable modeling for survival prediction in horse colic 一个集成深度输入、综合数据平衡和可解释建模的现代人工智能框架，用于马绞痛的生存预测。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152767

Zeynep Banu Ozger , Pınar Cihan , Isa Ozaydin

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative tools for developing clinical decision-support systems in veterinary medicine. Despite its growing use, its full potential remains underutilized in equine medicine, an area of both high economic and clinical importance. Accurate survival prediction in horses with colic is crucial for timely intervention and improved clinical outcomes.

Methods

This study aimed to predict survival outcomes in horse colic cases by developing models that combine traditional machine-learning algorithms (XGBoost, Light Gradient Boosting Machine [LightGBM], and Categorical Boosting [CatBoost]) with advanced deep-learning architectures (TabNet, Feature Tokenizer Transformer [FT_Transformer], and Neural Oblivious Decision Ensemble [NODE]). Missing clinical data were imputed using deep-learning-based approaches—Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks (GAIN-OneHot, GAIN-Emb) and Missing Data Imputation via Denoising Autoencoder (MIDAS). Class imbalance was addressed through Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Network (CTGAN) and Tabular Variational Autoencoder (TVAE). Model interpretability was assessed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework to identify the most influential features contributing to survival prediction.

Results

Among the tested combinations, the TVAE–GAIN-OneHot–LightGBM pipeline achieved the highest classification performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.928, outperforming conventional statistical and machine-learning baselines. SHAP analysis revealed that total_protein, abdomo_appearance, mucous_membrane, packed_cell_volume, and temp_of_extremities were the most decisive clinical variables influencing the model’s predictions.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that ensuring data integrity, optimizing model complexity, and integrating XAI-based interpretability substantially enhance the reliability and clinical applicability of AI-driven models in veterinary medicine. The proposed framework provides a pioneering and explainable approach for developing accurate prognostic systems in equine colic, paving the way for broader AI adoption in clinical veterinary practice.

背景：人工智能（AI）已成为兽医学临床决策支持系统开发中最具变革性的工具之一。尽管它的使用越来越多，但它的全部潜力在马医学中仍未得到充分利用，这是一个具有高度经济和临床重要性的领域。准确的生存预测马绞痛是至关重要的及时干预和改善临床结果。方法：本研究旨在通过开发将传统机器学习算法（XGBoost、Light Gradient Boosting Machine [LightGBM]和Categorical Boosting [CatBoost]）与先进的深度学习架构（TabNet、Feature Tokenizer Transformer [FT_Transformer]和Neural Oblivious Decision Ensemble [NODE]）相结合的模型来预测马疝气病例的生存结果。缺失的临床数据使用基于深度学习的方法进行输入——生成对抗输入网络（GAIN-OneHot, GAIN-Emb）和通过去噪自动编码器（MIDAS）进行缺失数据输入。通过条件表格生成对抗网络（CTGAN）和表格变分自编码器（TVAE）来解决类失衡问题。使用基于SHapley加性解释（SHAP）的可解释人工智能（XAI）框架评估模型的可解释性，以确定对生存预测最有影响的特征。结果：在测试组合中，TVAE-GAIN-OneHot-LightGBM管道的分类性能最高，曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.928，优于常规统计和机器学习基线。SHAP分析显示，总蛋白、腹部外观、粘膜、填充细胞体积和四肢时间是影响模型预测的最具决定性的临床变量。结论：研究结果表明，保证数据完整性、优化模型复杂度和集成基于xai的可解释性，大大提高了兽医领域人工智能驱动模型的可靠性和临床适用性。拟议的框架为开发马绞痛的准确预后系统提供了一种开创性和可解释的方法，为临床兽医实践中更广泛地采用人工智能铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-foraminal vertebral artery variation in the United States: A multi-institutional cadaveric study 美国椎间孔前椎动脉变异：一项多机构尸体研究。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152770

Jacob Tiell , Jodie Foster , Matt Vilburn , Megan Perry , Casey Boothe , Erin Norcross , Oheneba Boadum , Marli Crabtree , Nathan Tullos , Caroline Gundler

Background

While vertebral artery (VA) variants are uncommon, they may be more prevalent than previously reported. To date, there are no cadaveric studies that have examined VA segment 1 variations or defined normal VA anatomy in U.S. whole-body donors. This study addresses that gap through a multi-year, multi-state cadaveric analysis.

Methods

Donors (n = 188) from Ohio, Nebraska, and Mississippi were dissected to expose the pre-foraminal VA which were then categorized as normal or variant. Collected data included artery origin, vertebral level of origin, entrance level, diameter, lengths in relaxed/taut states, distance from subclavian or carotid origin, and demographics. Data were analyzed using T tests, Chi-Square, and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results

Normal segment 1 VA anatomy was present in 86.17 % of donors; 13.83 % exhibited anomalies, including abnormal origin (4.79 %), high entrance (10.64 %), and double VA (1.06 %). Most origin anomalies involved the left VA (LVA) originating from the aortic arch. High entrance anomalies were more frequent on the right. Anomalies decreased in donors over 80, with no sex association. The LVA had a significantly larger origin diameter than the right (5.31 mm vs. 4.77 mm; p < 0.001). Tortuosity increased with age and was greater in females on the right (p = 0.025).

Conclusion

The U.S. anomaly prevalence for the V1 segment may be higher (13.83 %) than what is reported in the literature, particularly concerning high entrance VAs. These findings have clinical implications, as VA variants may complicate vascular procedures. Increased LVA tortuosity with age suggests remodeling, and fewer anomalies in older donors may relate to longevity. This study supports the need for region-specific anatomical data and emphasizes the importance of preoperative imaging.

背景：虽然椎动脉（VA）变异并不常见，但它们可能比以前报道的更为普遍。到目前为止，还没有尸体研究检查了美国全身供体的VA 1段变异或定义了正常的VA解剖结构。这项研究通过多年，多状态的尸体分析解决了这一差距。方法：对来自俄亥俄州、内布拉斯加州和密西西比州的供体（n=188）进行解剖，暴露椎间孔前VA，然后将其分类为正常或变异。收集的数据包括动脉起源、椎体起源水平、入口水平、直径、松弛/紧绷状态下的长度、到锁骨下或颈动脉起源的距离以及人口统计学。数据分析采用T检验、卡方检验和Fisher精确检验。结果：86.17%的供体1VA节段解剖正常；13.83%表现异常，包括异常起源（4.79%）、高入口（10.64%）和双VA（1.06%）。大多数起源异常涉及起源于主动脉弓的左心室（LVA）。右侧高入口异常较多。在80岁以上的捐赠者中，异常情况有所减少，与性别无关。左左侧翼的起始直径明显大于右侧翼（5.31mm vs. 4.77mm, p < 0.001）。扭曲度随年龄增长而增加，右侧女性扭曲度更大（p = 0.025）。结论：美国V1段的异常患病率（13.83%）可能高于文献报道，特别是在高入口VAs方面。这些发现具有临床意义，因为VA变异可能使血管手术复杂化。随着年龄的增长，下下颌骨扭曲度增加，提示重构，老年供体畸形较少可能与长寿有关。本研究支持了对区域特异性解剖数据的需求，并强调了术前影像学的重要性。

{"title":"Pre-foraminal vertebral artery variation in the United States: A multi-institutional cadaveric study","authors":"Jacob Tiell , Jodie Foster , Matt Vilburn , Megan Perry , Casey Boothe , Erin Norcross , Oheneba Boadum , Marli Crabtree , Nathan Tullos , Caroline Gundler","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While vertebral artery (VA) variants are uncommon, they may be more prevalent than previously reported. To date, there are no cadaveric studies that have examined VA segment 1 variations or defined normal VA anatomy in U.S. whole-body donors. This study addresses that gap through a multi-year, multi-state cadaveric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Donors (n = 188) from Ohio, Nebraska, and Mississippi were dissected to expose the pre-foraminal VA which were then categorized as normal or variant. Collected data included artery origin, vertebral level of origin, entrance level, diameter, lengths in relaxed/taut states, distance from subclavian or carotid origin, and demographics. Data were analyzed using T tests, Chi-Square, and Fisher’s exact tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Normal segment 1 VA anatomy was present in 86.17 % of donors; 13.83 % exhibited anomalies, including abnormal origin (4.79 %), high entrance (10.64 %), and double VA (1.06 %). Most origin anomalies involved the left VA (LVA) originating from the aortic arch. High entrance anomalies were more frequent on the right. Anomalies decreased in donors over 80, with no sex association. The LVA had a significantly larger origin diameter than the right (5.31 mm vs. 4.77 mm; p < 0.001). Tortuosity increased with age and was greater in females on the right (p = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The U.S. anomaly prevalence for the V1 segment may be higher (13.83 %) than what is reported in the literature, particularly concerning high entrance VAs. These findings have clinical implications, as VA variants may complicate vascular procedures. Increased LVA tortuosity with age suggests remodeling, and fewer anomalies in older donors may relate to longevity. This study supports the need for region-specific anatomical data and emphasizes the importance of preoperative imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 152770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishment of an animal model of shaft femoral pseudoarthrosis in rabbits 兔股骨干假关节动物模型的建立。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152766

Achraf Lajmi , Najah Elmounedi , Manel Mellouli , Raja Amri , Nizar Sahnoun , Melek Turki , Sami Sellami , Zoubaier Ellouz , Hassib Keskes

Purpose

This study aimed to establish a novel rabbit model of femoral shaft pseudoarthrosis.

Methods

Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups. The model involved creating a femoral bone defect stabilized by an external fixator. In the control group, bone healing was assessed at 8 weeks. In the P1 and P2 groups, muscle interposition was added at the defect site, and healing was evaluated at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Bone healing was assessed through radiographic, macroscopic, histologic, and molecular analyses, including qRT-PCR for collagen type I (COL1A1) and RUNX2 mRNA expression.

Results

Complete bone consolidation was observed in all rabbits in the control group. In contrast, the P1 and P2 groups showed radiological signs of pseudoarthrosis, including persistent inter-fragmentary gaps, medullary canal obliteration, and bone end resorption. Histological analysis revealed fibrocartilaginous tissue and residual muscle at the defect site. Compared to the control group, both P1 and P2 groups showed significantly less bone formation and increased fibrocartilaginous tissue. No significant difference was found between P1 and P2 in terms of fraction of bone and fibrocartilaginous tissue. Molecular analysis supported these findings, with significantly reduced expression of COL1A1 and RUNX2 in P1 group.

Conclusion

We successfully established a reproducible model of femoral shaft pseudoarthrosis in rabbits, which can serve as a platform for evaluating new therapeutic strategies.

目的：建立一种新型兔股骨干假关节模型。方法：24只新西兰大白兔随机分为3组。该模型涉及建立一个由外固定架稳定的股骨缺损。对照组在8周时评估骨愈合情况。在P1和P2组，在缺损部位增加肌肉介入，分别在8周和12周评估愈合情况。通过影像学、宏观、组织学和分子分析评估骨愈合，包括I型胶原（COL1A1）和RUNX2 mRNA表达的qRT-PCR。结果：对照组家兔骨完全固化。相比之下，P1和P2组显示假关节的放射学征象，包括持续的碎片间间隙、髓管闭塞和骨端吸收。组织学分析显示缺损部位有纤维软骨组织和残余肌肉。与对照组相比，P1和P2组骨形成明显减少，纤维软骨组织明显增加。P1和P2在骨和纤维软骨组织的比例方面无显著差异。分子分析支持这些发现，P1组COL1A1和RUNX2的表达显著降低。结论：我们成功地建立了兔股骨干假关节的可重复性模型，为评价新的治疗策略提供了平台。

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引用次数: 0