Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152392
Wiktor Luczak , Christopher Hinrichs , Christoph Kleber , Achim Walter Hassel , Kurt W. Alt , Nicole Nicklisch
Introduction
Dental cementum plays a key role in maintaining the health and functional integrity of teeth throughout an individual’s life. While different cementum types are distinguished according to location and function, their specific properties are not yet fully understood.
Objective
The study aimed to compare the structural properties of different types of tooth cementum by analysing their surface texture using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM).
Methods
Transverse and longitudinal sections of five anterior teeth extracted from four male individuals were prepared and analysed by TM-AFM (Core AFM) both with and without hydrochloric acid etching. The TM-AFM measurements were further analysed using the Gwyddion software to determine the roughness parameters (root mean square of height irregularities and mean roughness).
Results
The acid-etched sections exhibited distinctive features with regard to fibre structure and orientation compared to the unetched sections, with fundamental differences between acellular and cellular cementum. In contrast to acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC), cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC) showed increased roughness values after acid etching, with some variability, both between teeth and between subjects. The relative percentage difference (RPD) between the cementum types varied between 11.4 % in unetched transverse sections and up to 89.8 % in etched sections. The AEFC images revealed finely branched fibres between radial Sharpey’s fibre bundles.
Conclusion
Our results show that TM-AFM imaging combined with acid etching is a suitable technique for characterising the surface texture of different types of tooth cementum.
{"title":"Investigating the surface topography of human acellular and cellular tooth cementum by atomic force microscopy","authors":"Wiktor Luczak , Christopher Hinrichs , Christoph Kleber , Achim Walter Hassel , Kurt W. Alt , Nicole Nicklisch","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dental cementum plays a key role in maintaining the health and functional integrity of teeth throughout an individual’s life. While different cementum types are distinguished according to location and function, their specific properties are not yet fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to compare the structural properties of different types of tooth cementum by analysing their surface texture using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Transverse and longitudinal sections of five anterior teeth extracted from four male individuals were prepared and analysed by TM-AFM (Core AFM) both with and without hydrochloric acid etching. The TM-AFM measurements were further analysed using the Gwyddion software to determine the roughness parameters (root mean square of height irregularities and mean roughness).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The acid-etched sections exhibited distinctive features with regard to fibre structure and orientation compared to the unetched sections, with fundamental differences between acellular and cellular cementum. In contrast to acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC), cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC) showed increased roughness values after acid etching, with some variability, both between teeth and between subjects. The relative percentage difference (RPD) between the cementum types varied between 11.4 % in unetched transverse sections and up to 89.8 % in etched sections. The AEFC images revealed finely branched fibres between radial Sharpey’s fibre bundles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results show that TM-AFM imaging combined with acid etching is a suitable technique for characterising the surface texture of different types of tooth cementum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152391
Emad Reza , Hossein Azizi , Thomas Skutella
Background
In order to sustain reproduction, this study aims to investigate the role of N-Myc in the regulation of spermatogonial stem cell differentiation and the consequent generation of sperm during spermatogenesis. By analyzing specific gene expression patterns associated with N-Myc signaling pathways, we seek to identify potential targets for infertility treatments.
Main methods
In this study on mice, we constructed a PPI network in embryonic stem cells, germ cells, SSCs and pluripotent stem cells using the GEO datasets, NCBI, STRING, and Cytoscape databases. Then, after isolating spermatogonial stem cells from 6 C57BL/6 mice, ES-like cells were prepared. We further examined N-Myc, Oct4, Sox9, Vasa, and Plzf expression in testes, SSCs, and ES-like cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), also the expression of N-Myc using RT-PCR. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment and miRNA analysis for N-Myc using Enrichr and miRTarBase.
Findings
N-Myc has a central role in PPIs for genes maintaining pluripotency. In addition, this gene is coexpressed with Oct4, and positive expression of the Vasa and Plzf genes was observed in seminiferous tubule cells. The interaction network of N-Myc with microRNAs and lncRNAs was constructed, and the biological roles of N-Myc in spermatogenesis, such as glycolysis, were revealed.
Conclusion
The result highlight that N-Myc is essential for orchestrating the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature sperm by interacting with key regulatory factors. This underscores its pivotal role in both maintaining pluripotency and facilitating successful spermatogenesis, which may inform future strategies for addressing infertility.
{"title":"Investigating the expression and role of N-Myc in spermatogonial stem cells and male infertility","authors":"Emad Reza , Hossein Azizi , Thomas Skutella","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In order to sustain reproduction, this study aims to investigate the role of N-Myc in the regulation of spermatogonial stem cell differentiation and the consequent generation of sperm during spermatogenesis. By analyzing specific gene expression patterns associated with N-Myc signaling pathways, we seek to identify potential targets for infertility treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Main methods</h3><div>In this study on mice, we constructed a PPI network in embryonic stem cells, germ cells, SSCs and pluripotent stem cells using the GEO datasets, NCBI, STRING, and Cytoscape databases. Then, after isolating spermatogonial stem cells from 6 C57BL/6 mice, ES-like cells were prepared. We further examined <em>N-Myc, Oct4, Sox9, Vasa</em>, and <em>Plzf</em> expression in testes, SSCs, and ES-like cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), also the expression of <em>N-Myc</em> using RT-PCR. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment and miRNA analysis for <em>N-Myc</em> using Enrichr and miRTarBase.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div><em>N-Myc</em> has a central role in PPIs for genes maintaining pluripotency. In addition, this gene is coexpressed with <em>Oct4</em>, and positive expression of the <em>Vasa</em> and <em>Plzf</em> genes was observed in seminiferous tubule cells. The interaction network of <em>N-Myc</em> with microRNAs and lncRNAs was constructed, and the biological roles of <em>N-Myc</em> in spermatogenesis, such as glycolysis, were revealed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The result highlight that <em>N-Myc</em> is essential for orchestrating the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature sperm by interacting with key regulatory factors. This underscores its pivotal role in both maintaining pluripotency and facilitating successful spermatogenesis, which may inform future strategies for addressing infertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152389
José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez , Samuel Verdugo-López , Ji Hyun Kim , Ai Hirano-Kawamoto , Gen Murakami , Masahito Yamamoto
Background
The vagus nerve auricular branch (Xab) is a well-known sensory nerve and it communicates with the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. Xab passes through the so-called mastoid canaliculus of the temporal bone (TB) to reach the facial nerve. We aimed to examine the nerve origin, communication and course of Xab as well as bone components along the nerve.
Methods
We observed serial histological sections of 13 embryos (6–8 weeks of gestation) and 31 midterm fetuses (9–17 weeks) as well as semiserial sections of 11 late-term fetuses (25–32 weeks).
Results
The initial Xab originated from both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and these two roots were joined at six weeks. Soon later, Xab ran laterally along the anteromedial aspect of the internal jugular vein to reach the facial nerve. Communication with the sympathetic trunk appeared by nine weeks. By 12 weeks, variations became evident in the nerve course, communication and terminal. A microganglion sometimes accompanied Xab. The early Xab ran through a relatively large space between the future occipital condyle and Reichert’s cartilage. Depending on a delayed growth of the otic capsule precondylar process, the nerve became to pass through a narrow space between the otic capsule (or Rechert’s cartilage) and occipital. At late-term, Xab passed through a canaliculus between the occipital and TB or within the TB.
Conclusions
Xab had two roots, ran along the anterior wall of the bony jugular fossa and, penetrated the TB or passed between the occipital and TB to reach the facial nerve descending portion.
{"title":"Origin, communication and course of the vagus nerve auricular branch with special references to the mastoid canaliculus for the nerve: A study using human fetus histological sections","authors":"José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez , Samuel Verdugo-López , Ji Hyun Kim , Ai Hirano-Kawamoto , Gen Murakami , Masahito Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The vagus nerve auricular branch (Xab) is a well-known sensory nerve and it communicates with the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. Xab passes through the so-called mastoid canaliculus of the temporal bone (TB) to reach the facial nerve. We aimed to examine the nerve origin, communication and course of Xab as well as bone components along the nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We observed serial histological sections of 13 embryos (6–8 weeks of gestation) and 31 midterm fetuses (9–17 weeks) as well as semiserial sections of 11 late-term fetuses (25–32 weeks).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial Xab originated from both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and these two roots were joined at six weeks. Soon later, Xab ran laterally along the anteromedial aspect of the internal jugular vein to reach the facial nerve. Communication with the sympathetic trunk appeared by nine weeks. By 12 weeks, variations became evident in the nerve course, communication and terminal. A microganglion sometimes accompanied Xab. The early Xab ran through a relatively large space between the future occipital condyle and Reichert’s cartilage. Depending on a delayed growth of the otic capsule precondylar process, the nerve became to pass through a narrow space between the otic capsule (or Rechert’s cartilage) and occipital. At late-term, Xab passed through a canaliculus between the occipital and TB or within the TB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Xab had two roots, ran along the anterior wall of the bony jugular fossa and, penetrated the TB or passed between the occipital and TB to reach the facial nerve descending portion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152390
Ibrahim Demircubuk , Esra Candar , Gulgun Sengul
Background and purpose
The dorsal nucleus (Clarke’s nucleus, D), lumbar precerebellar nucleus (LPrCb), and sacral precerebellar nucleus (Stilling’s sacral nucleus, SPrCb) are precerebellar nuclei of the spinal cord. This study investigates the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical organization of the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb nuclei in the human spinal cord.
Material and methods
Using Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for markers including calbindin (Cb), calretinin (Cr), parvalbumin (Pv), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65/67), and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), we analyzed sections from T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1-Co1 segments of a human spinal cord.
Results
Our findings reveal a diverse range of neuron sizes and morphologies within these nuclei, with multipolar neurons being predominant. The immunohistochemical analysis showed distinct neurochemical characteristics, with varying densities of the markers across the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb.
Conclusion
This study provides the first detailed characterization of these nuclei in the human spinal cord, highlighting their intricate organization and suggesting potential functional similarities. The comprehensive understanding of the neurochemical profiles of these nuclei lays the groundwork for future research into their roles in motor coordination and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings underscore the importance of further investigation into the pathological changes occurring within the precerebellar nuclei to advance treatment and prevention strategies for related neurological disorders.
{"title":"Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the dorsal, lumbar precerebellar and sacral precerebellar nuclei in the human spinal cord","authors":"Ibrahim Demircubuk , Esra Candar , Gulgun Sengul","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>The dorsal nucleus (Clarke’s nucleus, D), lumbar precerebellar nucleus (LPrCb), and sacral precerebellar nucleus (Stilling’s sacral nucleus, SPrCb) are precerebellar nuclei of the spinal cord. This study investigates the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical organization of the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb nuclei in the human spinal cord.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Using Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for markers including calbindin (Cb), calretinin (Cr), parvalbumin (Pv), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65/67), and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), we analyzed sections from T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1-Co1 segments of a human spinal cord.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings reveal a diverse range of neuron sizes and morphologies within these nuclei, with multipolar neurons being predominant. The immunohistochemical analysis showed distinct neurochemical characteristics, with varying densities of the markers across the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides the first detailed characterization of these nuclei in the human spinal cord, highlighting their intricate organization and suggesting potential functional similarities. The comprehensive understanding of the neurochemical profiles of these nuclei lays the groundwork for future research into their roles in motor coordination and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings underscore the importance of further investigation into the pathological changes occurring within the precerebellar nuclei to advance treatment and prevention strategies for related neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368
M Adeel Alam Shah , Wei Tang , Jing-Hui Zhang, Cheng Chen, Jia-Wei Wang, Shu-Jun Lü, Xin-Tong Yu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Chan Li, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin Sui
Background
Avascular necrosis of femoral head and malunion are frequent post-operative complications of femoral neck fractures. To optimize surgical techniques, this study aims to provide a microstructural understanding of intraosseous microvasculature and the trabecular bone of the femoral head and neck.
Study Design
This anatomical study analyzed twenty-eight femora from fourteen cadaveric beagles. Common iliac arteries were infused with colored silicone-resin for vascular visualization, followed by non-decalcified hard tissue processing using the EXAKT®, and Masson's trichrome staining. Morphology and histomorphometric analysis were performed by Nikon NIS Elements BR and ImageJ-fiji.
Results
Histomorphometry revealed thin, elongated trabeculae with high vascularity aligned parallel in the neck; numerous intraosseous anastomoses at the neck-shaft and head-neck junctions; thick trabeculae with smaller marrow cavities, and dense branching vascular networks near the cortex in the head. Quantitative analysis showed an inverse correlation between trabecular density and mean vascular density/vascular length density, with no significant sex or side differences. Dense connective tissue fibers maintained the microvasculature and trabeculae structure.
Conclusion
The femoral neck displayed an outside-in microvascular pattern via retinacular branches. Conversely, the femoral head had an inside-out pattern through epiphyseal branches reinforced by medullary branches. Dense intraosseous microvasculature aligned sub-cortically. The study identified a potential anatomical safe zone for screwing in femoral neck fractures in beagles. These findings provide an anatomical basis for translational research in joint preservation techniques for humans.
背景：股骨头缺血性坏死和骨不愈合是股骨颈骨折术后常见的并发症。为了优化手术技术，本研究旨在提供骨内微血管和股骨头及颈部小梁骨的微观结构理解。研究设计：本解剖研究分析了14只小猎犬尸体的28根股骨。髂总动脉灌注彩色硅树脂以显示血管，随后使用EXAKT®进行非脱钙硬组织处理，并进行Masson三色染色。用Nikon NIS Elements BR和imagj -fiji进行形态学和组织形态计量学分析。结果：组织形态测量显示颈部有细而细长的高血管小梁平行排列；颈轴和头颈连接处有大量骨内吻合；厚的小梁，有较小的骨髓腔，在头部皮层附近有密集的分支血管网。定量分析显示，小梁密度与平均血管密度/血管长度密度呈负相关，无显著的性别或侧方差异。致密的结缔组织纤维维持了微血管和小梁结构。结论：股骨颈经支持带分支呈由外向内微血管分布。相反，股骨头有一个由内到外的模式，通过骨骺分支，由髓分支加强。密集的骨内微血管排列在皮质下。该研究确定了比格犬股骨颈骨折螺钉固定的潜在解剖安全区域。这些发现为人类关节保存技术的转化研究提供了解剖学基础。
{"title":"Microvasculature and trabecular bone in beagle proximal femur: Microstructural insights","authors":"M Adeel Alam Shah , Wei Tang , Jing-Hui Zhang, Cheng Chen, Jia-Wei Wang, Shu-Jun Lü, Xin-Tong Yu, Zhi-Jun Zhang, Chan Li, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Avascular necrosis of femoral head and malunion are frequent post-operative complications of femoral neck fractures. To optimize surgical techniques, this study aims to provide a microstructural understanding of intraosseous microvasculature and the trabecular bone of the femoral head and neck.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>This anatomical study analyzed twenty-eight femora from fourteen cadaveric beagles. Common iliac arteries were infused with colored silicone-resin for vascular visualization, followed by non-decalcified hard tissue processing using the EXAKT®, and Masson's trichrome staining. Morphology and histomorphometric analysis were performed by Nikon NIS Elements BR and ImageJ-fiji.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histomorphometry revealed thin, elongated trabeculae with high vascularity aligned parallel in the neck; numerous intraosseous anastomoses at the neck-shaft and head-neck junctions; thick trabeculae with smaller marrow cavities, and dense branching vascular networks near the cortex in the head. Quantitative analysis showed an inverse correlation between trabecular density and mean vascular density/vascular length density, with no significant sex or side differences. Dense connective tissue fibers maintained the microvasculature and trabeculae structure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The femoral neck displayed an outside-in microvascular pattern via retinacular branches. Conversely, the femoral head had an inside-out pattern through epiphyseal branches reinforced by medullary branches. Dense intraosseous microvasculature aligned sub-cortically. The study identified a potential anatomical safe zone for screwing in femoral neck fractures in beagles. These findings provide an anatomical basis for translational research in joint preservation techniques for humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152367
Bruno Cesar Schimming , Rafael Oliveira Bordin , Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara , Raquel Fantin Domeniconi , Salvatore Desantis
Background
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a toothless mammal that feeds mainly on termites and ants. Therefore, like other toothless mammals, this species has morphological and physiological adaptations of the salivary glands related to eating habits. Saliva is essential for the health of the oral cavity, chewing and lubrication of the mouth and it is constituted by an aqueous fluid containing electrolytes, enzymes, and glycoproteins which play an important role in modulating the oral microbiota. The present study investigated the morphology, glycan pattern and the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the giant anteater mandibular gland.
Methods
The morphology of the mandibular gland was studied by gross and microscopic anatomy; the glycopattern was characterized using PAS, Alcian blue, and lectin histochemistry; AQP5 was localized immunohistochemically.
Results
The mandibular gland had big dimensions, irregular shape and showed the classic morphology of the salivary glands. The gland parenchyma consisted of secretory acini, containing acinar cells and demilune cells, and intercalated, striated and interlobular ducts. Secretory acini secrete both neutral and acidic glycans (PAS and AB 2.5 positivity) and expressed a glycopattern characterized by O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc (PNA affinity) and GalNAc (DBA and SBA positivity) and few N-linked glycans (Con A staining) containing also terminal lactosamine (RCA120 reactivity). Demilune cells contained Con A and RCA120 binding sites as well as α2,6-sialoglycans (SNA binders). The epithelium lining of the striated and interlobular ducts displayed α1,6/ α1,4-fucosylated and α2,3sialoglycoproteins (AAL and MAL II affinity) in addition to the aforementioned glycans. The lumen of the secretory acini contained high-mannosylated and lactosamine-terminating glycans, fucosylated and α2,6-sialoglycans. The presence of α2,6-sialoglycans indicates the role of demilune cells in the production and acidification of saliva. Along the ductal system the saliva enriched with O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc, GalNAc, and α2,3-linked sialic. As for AQP5, it was detected in the acinar and demilune cells but not in the ductal epithelium.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the saliva secreted by mandibular gland of the giant anteater contains a complex pattern of glycoproteins whose glycosylation also occurs in the ductal system. Lastly, AQP5 of the secretory acini is involved in the production and regulation of saliva viscosity in this toothless and myrmecophagous mammal. Overall, these findings may represent a benchmark for future studies of mandibular glands of other toothless animals.
{"title":"Morphology, glicohistochemistry and immunolocalization of Aquaporin 5 in the mandibular gland of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)","authors":"Bruno Cesar Schimming , Rafael Oliveira Bordin , Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara , Raquel Fantin Domeniconi , Salvatore Desantis","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The giant anteater (<em>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</em>) is a toothless mammal that feeds mainly on termites and ants. Therefore, like other toothless mammals, this species has morphological and physiological adaptations of the salivary glands related to eating habits. Saliva is essential for the health of the oral cavity, chewing and lubrication of the mouth and it is constituted by an aqueous fluid containing electrolytes, enzymes, and glycoproteins which play an important role in modulating the oral microbiota. The present study investigated the morphology, glycan pattern and the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the giant anteater mandibular gland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The morphology of the mandibular gland was studied by gross and microscopic anatomy; the glycopattern was characterized using PAS, Alcian blue, and lectin histochemistry; AQP5 was localized immunohistochemically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mandibular gland had big dimensions, irregular shape and showed the classic morphology of the salivary glands. The gland parenchyma consisted of secretory acini, containing acinar cells and demilune cells, and intercalated, striated and interlobular ducts. Secretory acini secrete both neutral and acidic glycans (PAS and AB 2.5 positivity) and expressed a glycopattern characterized by O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc (PNA affinity) and GalNAc (DBA and SBA positivity) and few N-linked glycans (Con A staining) containing also terminal lactosamine (RCA<sub>120</sub> reactivity). Demilune cells contained Con A and RCA120 binding sites as well as α2,6-sialoglycans (SNA binders). The epithelium lining of the striated and interlobular ducts displayed α1,6/ α1,4-fucosylated and α2,3sialoglycoproteins (AAL and MAL II affinity) in addition to the aforementioned glycans. The lumen of the secretory acini contained high-mannosylated and lactosamine-terminating glycans, fucosylated and α2,6-sialoglycans. The presence of α2,6-sialoglycans indicates the role of demilune cells in the production and acidification of saliva. Along the ductal system the saliva enriched with O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc, GalNAc, and α2,3-linked sialic. As for AQP5, it was detected in the acinar and demilune cells but not in the ductal epithelium.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate that the saliva secreted by mandibular gland of the giant anteater contains a complex pattern of glycoproteins whose glycosylation also occurs in the ductal system. Lastly, AQP5 of the secretory acini is involved in the production and regulation of saliva viscosity in this toothless and myrmecophagous mammal. Overall, these findings may represent a benchmark for future studies of mandibular glands of other toothless animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152376
Delia Hînganu , Rares Vasile Tracicaru , Danisia Haba , Dorin Savin Ionesi , Liliana Hristian , Sebastian Romică Cozma , Marius Valeriu Hînganu
Background
and Aims We conducted this research motivated by the incomplete knowledge of the changes made by resonance and harmonic filtering processes made by articulatory gestures in the supralar-yngeal level of the vocal tract. Aim of research The goal of the study is to evaluate the adaptive changes taking place at the oropharyngeal isthmus during sustained phonation. Methods We focused on exploring the dynamics of the oropharyngeal pavilion in voice professionals using Cone-Beam Computed Tomogra-phy (CBCT). Our study included 14 women with soprano vocals and 12 tenor men in 3 different situations: mimed phonation in a neutral position, sustained phonation on vowel /i/, which brings the larynx in a high position and sustained phonation on the vowel /ä/ which brings the larynx in a low position. Resutlts We observed particular traits of the professional soprano voice, developing as a series of motor patterns that allows the singers to emit high-pitched sound and to maintain them for a long period of time. Our results show that the lateral wall of the isthmic space addapts differently to phonation requirement after adequate and prolonged vocal training. s Vocal training seems to play a determining role in the functional synergy between the pillars of the palatine veil, which can be observed as a motor pattern. Conclusions All the linear and volumetric differences we highlighted show important anatomical and functional diffe-rences among opera singers, which depend both on the gender of the subject and on their respective trai-ning period. The results of our study have direct applicability in practice, addressed to the field of otorhi-nolaryngology, anatomy, physiology, radiology, canto and phoniatry.
{"title":"Morphological assessments of the oropharyngeal isthmus in professional singing","authors":"Delia Hînganu , Rares Vasile Tracicaru , Danisia Haba , Dorin Savin Ionesi , Liliana Hristian , Sebastian Romică Cozma , Marius Valeriu Hînganu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>and Aims We conducted this research motivated by the incomplete knowledge of the changes made by resonance and harmonic filtering processes made by articulatory gestures in the supralar-yngeal level of the vocal tract. Aim of research The goal of the study is to evaluate the adaptive changes taking place at the oropharyngeal isthmus during sustained phonation. Methods We focused on exploring the dynamics of the oropharyngeal pavilion in voice professionals using Cone-Beam Computed Tomogra-phy (CBCT). Our study included 14 women with soprano vocals and 12 tenor men in 3 different situations: mimed phonation in a neutral position, sustained phonation on vowel /i/, which brings the larynx in a high position and sustained phonation on the vowel /ä/ which brings the larynx in a low position. Resutlts We observed particular traits of the professional soprano voice, developing as a series of motor patterns that allows the singers to emit high-pitched sound and to maintain them for a long period of time. Our results show that the lateral wall of the isthmic space addapts differently to phonation requirement after adequate and prolonged vocal training. s Vocal training seems to play a determining role in the functional synergy between the pillars of the palatine veil, which can be observed as a motor pattern. Conclusions All the linear and volumetric differences we highlighted show important anatomical and functional diffe-rences among opera singers, which depend both on the gender of the subject and on their respective trai-ning period. The results of our study have direct applicability in practice, addressed to the field of otorhi-nolaryngology, anatomy, physiology, radiology, canto and phoniatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378
George Triantafyllou , Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis , Katerina Vassiou , Marianna Vlychou , Nektaria Karangeli , Panagiotis Papanagiotou , George Tsakotos , Maria Piagkou
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of the temporal bone styloid process (SP) angulation on the carotid arteries (CA), both internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA). The SP topographical variability and the clinical significance will be further discussed.
Materials
One hundred computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) (200 sides of 50 male and 50 female patients) were retrospectively studied. The sample’s mean age was 62.72 ± 14.77 (range: 20–89 years). The SP length and angle were measured on CTA sagittal and coronal sections, and the relationship with the ICA and ECA was measured in axial sections. The SP elongation was considered when the SP length > 33 mm in accordance with prior studies in the same population.
Results
Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP sagittal angle of 59.97 ± 7.75 degrees, while those without elongation had an average sagittal angle of 67.12 ± 9.43 degrees (p < 0.001). The correlation between SP length and sagittal angle was statistically significant (R=-0.433, p < 0.001), as well as between SP length and coronal angle (R=-0.361, p < 0.001). Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP coronal angle of 69.20 ± 5.35 degrees, while those without elongation had an average angle of 76.89 ± 4.02 degrees (p = 0.002). After excluding patients with elongated SP, the remaining patients (n = 57) had an average SP sagittal angle of 67.77 ± 9.51 degrees, and a mean SP coronal angle was 75.83 ± 5.19 degrees. The SP sagittal and coronal angles influenced none of the measured ICA and ECA parameters after excluding patients with elongated SPs.
Conclusion
The current imaging study has enhanced our understanding of the SP's topographical variability in relation to the CA. Our findings indicate that the length of the SP influences this relationship, whereas the angle (coronal and sagittal) of the SP does not—particularly when excluding patients with elongated SPs. Therefore, clinicians must recognize the variability in the position of the ICA and ECA within the neck.
{"title":"The impact of the styloid process angulation on the carotid arteries","authors":"George Triantafyllou , Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis , Katerina Vassiou , Marianna Vlychou , Nektaria Karangeli , Panagiotis Papanagiotou , George Tsakotos , Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of the temporal bone styloid process (SP) angulation on the carotid arteries (CA), both internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA). The SP topographical variability and the clinical significance will be further discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>One hundred computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) (200 sides of 50 male and 50 female patients) were retrospectively studied. The sample’s mean age was 62.72 ± 14.77 (range: 20–89 years). The SP length and angle were measured on CTA sagittal and coronal sections, and the relationship with the ICA and ECA was measured in axial sections. The SP elongation was considered when the SP length > 33 mm in accordance with prior studies in the same population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP sagittal angle of 59.97 ± 7.75 degrees, while those without elongation had an average sagittal angle of 67.12 ± 9.43 degrees (p < 0.001). The correlation between SP length and sagittal angle was statistically significant (R=-0.433, p < 0.001), as well as between SP length and coronal angle (R=-0.361, p < 0.001). Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP coronal angle of 69.20 ± 5.35 degrees, while those without elongation had an average angle of 76.89 ± 4.02 degrees (p = 0.002). After excluding patients with elongated SP, the remaining patients (n = 57) had an average SP sagittal angle of 67.77 ± 9.51 degrees, and a mean SP coronal angle was 75.83 ± 5.19 degrees. The SP sagittal and coronal angles influenced none of the measured ICA and ECA parameters after excluding patients with elongated SPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current imaging study has enhanced our understanding of the SP's topographical variability in relation to the CA. Our findings indicate that the length of the SP influences this relationship, whereas the angle (coronal and sagittal) of the SP does not—particularly when excluding patients with elongated SPs. Therefore, clinicians must recognize the variability in the position of the ICA and ECA within the neck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152373
Ji Hyun Kim , Chun-Ai Li , Zhe-Wu Jin , Gen Murakami , Akio Matsubara , Nobuyuki Hinata
Background
There is little information about when and how cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia develop in the external genitalia of fetuses.
Methods
We examined histological sections of erectile tissue in 37 human fetuses (25 males and 12 females) whose gestational age (GA) ranged from 8 to 40 weeks.
Results
The sinusoidal lumen was filled with blood in the glans of the penis and clitoris at a GA of 10–11 weeks, and in the corpus spongiosum at a GA of 15–16 weeks. The opening of the sinusoids with blood was much delayed in the corpus cavernosum of both sexes. The cross-reactivity of the endothelia with smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody in the corpus spongiosum penis suggested that the development and growth of endothelia started at a site near the urethra and advanced to more distant site. In the corpus cavernosum, the opening of the lumen tended to occur near the midline septum at a GA of 20 weeks or later. After a GA of 25 weeks, the sinusoidal lumen fused, leading to long or large sinusoids. Simultaneously, the capsule became thick and the smooth muscle-rich midline septum had abundant protrusions that expanded anteriorly. Smooth muscles were rarely evident in interstitial tissues, even at late-term. In contrast, the initial female vestibular bulb corresponded to a belt-like cluster of SMA-positive rosette-like structures that appeared at a GA of 14 weeks.
Conclusion
Fusion between sinusoidal lumens with reconstruction of endothelia may occur as a consequence of shearing stress due to blood flow.
{"title":"Development and growth of cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia in the external genitalia of human fetuses","authors":"Ji Hyun Kim , Chun-Ai Li , Zhe-Wu Jin , Gen Murakami , Akio Matsubara , Nobuyuki Hinata","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is little information about when and how cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia develop in the external genitalia of fetuses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined histological sections of erectile tissue in 37 human fetuses (25 males and 12 females) whose gestational age (GA) ranged from 8 to 40 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sinusoidal lumen was filled with blood in the glans of the penis and clitoris at a GA of 10–11 weeks, and in the corpus spongiosum at a GA of 15–16 weeks. The opening of the sinusoids with blood was much delayed in the corpus cavernosum of both sexes. The cross-reactivity of the endothelia with smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody in the corpus spongiosum penis suggested that the development and growth of endothelia started at a site near the urethra and advanced to more distant site. In the corpus cavernosum, the opening of the lumen tended to occur near the midline septum at a GA of 20 weeks or later. After a GA of 25 weeks, the sinusoidal lumen fused, leading to long or large sinusoids. Simultaneously, the capsule became thick and the smooth muscle-rich midline septum had abundant protrusions that expanded anteriorly. Smooth muscles were rarely evident in interstitial tissues, even at late-term. In contrast, the initial female vestibular bulb corresponded to a belt-like cluster of SMA-positive rosette-like structures that appeared at a GA of 14 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fusion between sinusoidal lumens with reconstruction of endothelia may occur as a consequence of shearing stress due to blood flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152375
Tomás Beca-Campoy , Luis Sánchez-Labrador , Leticia Alejandra Blanco-Antona , Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann , José María Martínez-González
Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the histomorphometric findings of autogenous tooth grafting (ATG) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), using graft material from extracted teeth. Variations by sex, age and location of extracted teeth, as well as any associated complications, were also assessed.
Materials and Methods
This prospective, single-cohort study was conducted using ATG placed in extraction sockets. After 5 months healing, bone biopsies were collected during implant placement and analyzed histomorphometrically to assess new vital bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The results underwent statistical analysis; non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney test for independent samples and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were applied.
Results
27 patients (16 females, 11 males) underwent 36 ARP procedures. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a mean percentage of new vital bone of 29.14 % ( ± 10.86), residual tooth graft of 10.84 % ( ± 6.82), and intertrabecular connective tissue of 59.87 % ( ± 10.56). No significant differences were found in relation to age, sex or location.
Conclusions
ATG appears to be a promising material for ARP, without significant complications. Further comparative studies are needed to better understand this material’s behavior.
{"title":"Alveolar ridge preservation with autogenous tooth graft: A histomorphometric analysis of 36 consecutive procedures","authors":"Tomás Beca-Campoy , Luis Sánchez-Labrador , Leticia Alejandra Blanco-Antona , Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann , José María Martínez-González","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to analyze the histomorphometric findings of autogenous tooth grafting (ATG) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), using graft material from extracted teeth. Variations by sex, age and location of extracted teeth, as well as any associated complications, were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This prospective, single-cohort study was conducted using ATG placed in extraction sockets. After 5 months healing, bone biopsies were collected during implant placement and analyzed histomorphometrically to assess new vital bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The results underwent statistical analysis; non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney test for independent samples and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>27 patients (16 females, 11 males) underwent 36 ARP procedures. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a mean percentage of new vital bone of 29.14 % ( ± 10.86), residual tooth graft of 10.84 % ( ± 6.82), and intertrabecular connective tissue of 59.87 % ( ± 10.56). No significant differences were found in relation to age, sex or location.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ATG appears to be a promising material for ARP, without significant complications. Further comparative studies are needed to better understand this material’s behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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