Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Anatomic mapping of osteochondral lesions of the distal tibial plafond reveals regional lesion characteristics – A retrospective MRI study","authors":"Zheheng Li ,&nbsp;Lin Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinshan Xing ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current systematic imaging analyses of osteochondral lesions of the distal tibial plafond (OLTP) remain insufficient. This study aimed to define the anatomical characteristics of OLTP using MRI to provide detailed morphological data that can guide diagnosis and inform surgical decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed MRI data from 105 OLTP patients (mean age 47.88 ± 16.46 years; 51 males, 54 females). Anatomical parameters were measured, and statistical analyses were performed to compare results across different lesion zones, sexes, and laterality (left and right).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The anterolateral zone (Zone 3) and anterocentral zone (Zone 2) of the distal tibial plafond were the most frequently injured areas, accounting for 25.71 % and 24.76 % of cases, respectively. The central-medial zone (Zone 4) demonstrated the most severe lesions, with the lesion area in the sagittal view measuring 162.86 ± 91.95 mm² and the lesion area in the axial view reaching 213.07 ± 135.31 mm². Pairwise comparisons of anatomical parameters across specific injury zones showed statistically significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the maximum width of the lesion in the sagittal view, the lesion area in the sagittal view, and the depth of osteochondral lesion with subchondral bone involvement. Furthermore, males had significantly greater cartilage thickness and deeper lesions than females (P &lt; 0.05), with no significant laterality differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides the first systematic anatomical map of OLTP, revealing significant regional variations in lesion distribution and sex-specific differences. These findings offer objective criteria to enhance diagnostic precision and guide personalized treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Myb deficiency on Rankl/Opg expression within the developing mouse mandible","authors":"S. Varadinkova ,&nbsp;E. Matalova ,&nbsp;J. Frampton ,&nbsp;M. Clarke ,&nbsp;B. Vesela ,&nbsp;P. Bartos ,&nbsp;H. Lesot ,&nbsp;Oralova V","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Rank-Rankl-Opg axis is a fundamental regulatory triad in bone development and remodelling. While extensively studied, novel modulators of this system continue to emerge, with the transcription factor Myb recently gaining attention due to its unexpected presence and physiological significance in tooth and bone, beyond its well-established role in haematopoiesis. To establish a baseline for normal development, we first elucidated the developmental dynamics of <em>Rankl</em> and <em>Opg</em> expression during prenatal mandibular development and osteocytogenesis in wild-type mice within distinct morphological regions of the developing mandible (incisor, diastema, molar), revealing intricate temporal expression patterns. Building upon this foundational understanding, we then investigated the hitherto uncharacterized impact of Myb deficiency on <em>Rankl</em> and <em>Opg</em> expression at their survival limit (prenatal day 15), using Myb knock-out mice. We observed a significant and region-specific upregulation of both <em>Rankl</em> and <em>Opg</em> expression in the molar region of Myb-deficient mandibles, as assessed by qPCR. Intriguingly, increased expression of both genes was also evident in the incisor region, while no significant changes were noted within the diastema. In contrast, <em>Rank</em> expression remained unaffected across all three segments. To confirm the reciprocal effect of Myb, we demonstrated that its overexpression in mandibular micromasses reciprocally altered <em>Rankl</em> and <em>Opg</em> expression. By confronting the established developmental dynamics with the effects of Myb deficiency and Myb’s own expression pattern, we provide compelling evidence for a potent and direct influence of Myb on <em>Rankl</em> and <em>Opg</em> regulation, particularly prominent in the molar region. The observed temporal peaks of Myb and Rankl expression at the osteoblast-osteocyte transition further suggest broader, pivotal roles for Myb in osteogenesis. Our findings unravel Myb as a critical orchestrator of the Rank-Rankl-Opg system in craniofacial bone development, opening new avenues for understanding bone dysregulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumatisation patterns surrounding the internal acoustic meatus","authors":"Răzvan Costin Tudose ,&nbsp;George Triantafyllou ,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou ,&nbsp;Mugurel Constantin Rusu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and anatomical patterns of temporal bone pneumatisation surrounding the internal acoustic meatus (IAM), specifically across its three anatomical regions: the porus acusticus internus (medial opening), the proper IAM (tubular midportion), and the fundus (lateral end). A secondary objective was to evaluate the association between pneumatisation and the thickness of the overlying tegmen in each region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 160 IAMs (80 patients, bilateral assessment) were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The IAM was anatomically subdivided into the porus, proper IAM, and fundus. Pneumatisation was assessed separately for each region's superior (tegmen), inferior, anterior, and posterior bony walls. Linear measurements of tegmen thickness were obtained and compared between pneumatised and non-pneumatised regions. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, Levene’s variance equality test, and independent samples t-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complete superior wall pneumatisation was observed in 23.8 % of right sides and 22.5 % of left sides. Inferior wall pneumatisation was absent bilaterally in 52.5 % of cases, while anterior wall involvement was noted in fewer than 17 % of cases. Posterior wall pneumatisation was absent in 80.0 % (right) and 75.0 % (left) sides. Pneumatised regions demonstrated significantly greater tegmen thickness across all areas (p &lt; 0.001 in most cases). Gender-based analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IAM-adjacent pneumatisation most often involves the superior wall and correlates with greater tegmen thickness, supporting targeted imaging for safer skull-base surgery and updating clinicians’ understanding of this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of olfactory bulbectomy on vagal circuits and the pancreas: A new hypothesis","authors":"Burhan Yarar ,&nbsp;Cengiz Öztürk ,&nbsp;Erdem Karadeniz ,&nbsp;Remzi Arslan ,&nbsp;Ufuk Temtek ,&nbsp;Mete Zeynal ,&nbsp;Mehmet Dumlu Aydın ,&nbsp;Osman Nuri Keleş","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is well known how the olfactory nerves regulate the pancreas via the vagal nerves. However, there is no clear information explaining the actual neuropathological mechanism of how olfactory pathway damage destroys pancreatic beta cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the dorsal vagal nucleus and pancreas are histologically affected in olfactory bulb lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was conducted on twenty-six male rats. Group-I was the control group (n: 5), group-II was the SHAM group (n: 5) and group-III was the olfactory bulbectomy group (n: 16). All animals were observed for ten weeks and then decapitated. Olfactory bulb volume and degenerated neuron densities of the dorsal vagal motor nucleus and degenerated pancreatic beta cells per cubic millimeter were determined stereologically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean olfactory bulb volume, degenerated dorsal vagal motor nucleus and degenerated pancreatic beta cells were measured as 4.31 ± 0.25 mm³, 4 ± 1/mm³, 2 ± 1/mm³ in the control group (Group-I); 3.92 ± 0.38 mm³, 9 ± 3/mm³, 7 ± 3/mm³ in the SHAM group (Group-II) and 2.97 ± 0.41 mm³, 29 ± 5/ mm³, 43 ± 9/ mm³ in the olfactory bulbectomy group (Group-III). Main p value for all data: p &lt; 0.005 between Group-I and Group-II, p &lt; 0.0005 between Group-II and Group-III; p &lt; 0.0001 between Group-I and Group-III</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It can be suggested that olfactory bulb lesion causes denervation injury in intrapancreatic ganglia and beta cells due to decreased effect of vagal efferents, which stimulate intrapancreatic neuro-beta cell communication by decreasing olfactory signals stimulating vagal nerve nuclei. This study may help clinicians to investigate etiological factors in cases of impaired insulin and glucose metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical mapping of porcine dentin and branches with Brillouin confocal VIPA-based microscopy","authors":"Richard Younes ,&nbsp;Frédéric Cuisinier ,&nbsp;Benoit Rufflé ,&nbsp;Rémy Vialla ,&nbsp;Shahid Ali Shah ,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul ,&nbsp;Alban Desoutter","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of porcine dentin using Brillouin confocal microscopy, focusing on its tubules and canaliculi. By mapping the Brillouin shift, we aimed to gain deeper insight into dentin biomechanics and assess how porcine dentin compares to human dentin as a model for dental research.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Porcine molars were prepared by dehydration, precision cutting and polishing. A Brillouin microscope with a dual-VIPA configuration was used for spectral acquisition at 0.3 µm steps. Brillouin frequency shift, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and intensity were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Brillouin microscopy identified three distinct zones in porcine dentin: tubules, intertubular regions and branching areas, similar to human dentin. The Brillouin shifts ranged from 17 to 21.5 GHz, with an average around 19 GHz, lower than the 20–25 GHz typically found in human dentin. Mapping revealed branching tubules resembling tree trunks, with intricate branch-like structures in the intertubular regions. Peritubular areas exhibited higher frequency shifts, reaching around 21 GHz, distinguishing them from the more uniform intertubular zones. The dense branch networks surrounded by harder material provided insights into dentin’s microstructure. However, challenges in refractive index and density measurements hindered direct conversion of frequency shifts to precise elastic longitudinal modulus values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that Brillouin VIPA-based microscopy can effectively map the mechanical properties of porcine dentin. The results show its potential for non-contact, high-resolution mechanical histology in biological tissues, offering promise for studying healthy and diseased mineralized tissues. Further optimization is needed to adapt the technique for human samples, considering differences in optical and mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical variation in the external vasculature of the human heart: A cadaveric investigation of dominance in coronary artery branching and cardiac venous drainage","authors":"Colton P. Lane ,&nbsp;Milena Douglas ,&nbsp;Matthew Mckoy ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rozeboom ,&nbsp;Eshwar S. Karupakula ,&nbsp;Harsh C. Patel ,&nbsp;Kianna P. Ruble ,&nbsp;Rosemary Josenkoski ,&nbsp;Samuel Ryabov ,&nbsp;Jasmine Zhai ,&nbsp;Alexander Rich ,&nbsp;Ainsley Durning ,&nbsp;Cole McNeil ,&nbsp;Georgianna Miller ,&nbsp;Dominik Valdez ,&nbsp;Timothy L. Campbell ,&nbsp;Terrence B. Ritzman ,&nbsp;Heather F. Smith ,&nbsp;Leigha M. Lynch","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152749","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Coronary artery and cardiac venous drainage patterns exhibit substantial anatomical variability, which can impact surgical planning and patient outcomes. While each system's variation has been studied independently, little is known about potential correlations between arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart. This study investigates coronary artery dominance and cardiac venous drainage dominance in a sample of 167 adult human cadaveric donors to better understand their prevalence and potential relationship. Coronary artery dominance was assessed based on the origin of the posterior interventricular artery (PIA), and cardiac venous drainage dominance was classified by examining the association of the great and middle cardiac veins to the apex of the heart. Among 165 hearts evaluated for arterial dominance, 81.21 % were right dominant, 12.73 % left dominant, and 6.06 % codominant. Of 80 hearts scored for cardiac venous dominance, 48.75 % were middle vein dominant (MVD), 6.25 % great vein dominant (GVD), and 45.00 % intermediate type (IM). No significant differences in dominance patterns were found between sexes or age at death. Additionally, analysis of 78 hearts with both arterial and venous structures showed no significant correlation between coronary artery dominance and venous drainage dominance. These findings confirm prior prevalence reports, underscore the anatomical variability in cardiac vasculature, and suggest that arterial and venous dominance patterns may develop independently. Understanding this variation is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in cardiac interventions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study investigates coronary artery dominance and cardiac venous drainage dominance in a sample of 167 adult human cadaveric donors to better understand their prevalence and potential relationship.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Coronary artery dominance was assessed based on the origin of the posterior interventricular artery (PIA), and cardiac venous drainage dominance was classified by examining the association of the great and middle cardiac veins to the apex of the heart.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among 167 hearts evaluated for arterial dominance, 81.21 % were right dominant, 12.73 % left dominant, and 6.06 % codominant. Of 80 hearts scored for cardiac venous dominance, 48.75 % were middle vein dominant (MVD), 6.25 % great vein dominant (GVD), and 45.00 % intermediate type (IM). No significant differences in dominance patterns were found between sexes (artery p = 0.45; vein p = 0.43) or age at death (artery p = 0.43, vein=0.48). Additionally, analysis of 78 hearts with both arterial and venous structures showed no significant correlation between coronary artery dominance and venous drainage dominance (p = 0.39).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;These findings confirm prior prevalence reports, underscore the anatomical variability in cardiac vasculature, and suggest that arteria","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical use of the human body for teaching anatomy is not transgressive","authors":"Bernard Moxham ,&nbsp;Diogo Pais ,&nbsp;Odile Plaisant ,&nbsp;Beverley Kramer","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A transgressive act is one that breaks a moral code, going beyond what are acceptable boundaries of taste and decorum. In this regard, the history of anatomy, although illustrious, is also inglorious as body snatching by resurrectionists and the anatomisation of convicted and executed prisoners is nowadays universally condemned and recognised as being transgressive. The public display of anatomised bodies in contemporary times, whether or not the bodies are obtained legally, is controversial and is arguably transgressive, as is the dissection of unclaimed bodies for the education of healthcare professionals. It has also been claimed that, even when bodies are obtained from donors who have given informed consent, anatomical dissection for the education of healthcare workers involves transgressive behaviour that does not fit with modern concepts of a caring, life-enhancing practitioner. Consequently, there are medical schools that do not have anatomy dissection rooms, and the use of digitalised anatomical imagery is advocated as a more moral pedagogic tool. However, not all the digitised images emanate from consented individuals. In this article, we argue that the public display of anatomised bodies (including the display and publication of images without informed consent) and the use of unclaimed bodies for dissection are transgressive. We are of the opinion that the dissection of human bodies obtained through a donor programme need not be transgressive if due respect is accorded the donated bodies and if the students benefitting from the experience are properly controlled, well-informed about the ethical issues, and if the process considers issues relating to equality, diversity and inclusivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, variability, and clinical anatomy of the sesamoid bones of the hand: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Grzegorz Fibiger ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Majka ,&nbsp;Jonasz Tempski ,&nbsp;Miłosz Czeliński ,&nbsp;Jakub Obrzut ,&nbsp;Maksymilian Osiowski ,&nbsp;Aleksander Osiowski ,&nbsp;Szymon Matejuk ,&nbsp;Tetiana Tkachuk ,&nbsp;Tomasz Kozioł ,&nbsp;Dominik Taterra ,&nbsp;Jerzy A. Walocha ,&nbsp;Przemysław Pękala ,&nbsp;Wojciech Fibiger","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sesamoid bones are small, tendon-embedded bones in the hand, which play a role in reducing friction and redirecting tendon forces. Their variable presence highlights the need for detailed anatomical knowledge, particularly for radiologists and orthopedic specialists diagnosing conditions in this region. Given their significance in both diagnostic and surgical contexts, an updated meta-analysis on this issue is highly important.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A large-scale search through the major databases was conducted with no date or language restrictions to determine and pool all available and relevant data. Anatomical Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 29 studies were included (n = 15011 hands). The prevalence of sesamoid bone at 1st metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) was 99.85 % (95 %CI: 99.7–99.95), 2nd MCP was 39.49 % (95 %CI: 35.31–43.76), 3rd was 1.74 % (95 %CI: 1.24–2.32), 4th was 0.64 % (95 %CI: 0.38–0.96), 5th 52.22 % (95 %CI: 45.36–59.04) and 1st interphalangeal joint was 48.03 % (95 %CI: 37.00–59.16). Our analysis showed that in total of 0.09 % of hands (95 %CI: 0.01–0.22) no sesamoid bones were found. Furthermore, no significant differences in balance could be found when comparing the left (0.30 %, 95 %CI: 0.00–0.81) and the right (0.13 %, 95 %CI: 0.00–0.36) hand.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Understanding sesamoid bones variability might be crucial for anatomical insight and clinical diagnosis, particularly in orthopedics or radiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on biological characteristics of dental mesenchymal stem cells isolated from gingiva, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle and their derived conditioned medium","authors":"Xianyi He ,&nbsp;Yichen Gao ,&nbsp;Haiyin Wan ,&nbsp;Xia Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Shen ,&nbsp;Yun He ,&nbsp;Junliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental mesenchymal stem cells are seed cells for oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), and to evaluate the effects of their corresponding conditioned medium (CM) on the biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The findings may expound a theoretical foundation for the development of treatments for oral and maxillofacial bone defects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>GMSCs, PDLSCs, and DFSCs were isolated and cultured from the same donors to compare their proliferation, migration, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials. CM derived from each stem cell type were obtained through serum-free culture. Transwell assays, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence were carried out to evaluate the effects of the different CM on the osteogenic differentiation and migration abilities of BMSCs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study demonstrated that GMSCs, PDLSCs, and DFSCs exhibited similar morphologies. The proliferation and migration potentials of GMSCs and DFSCs were significantly higher than those of PDLSCs. DFSCs also showed the highest osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capability. In addition, DFSC-CM significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation and migration abilities of BMSCs compared with PDLSC-CM and GMSC-CM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DFSCs are promising candidate for maxillofacial bone regeneration due to their robust regenerative properties. DFSC-CM, as a cell-free therapeutic, could overcome limitations of direct stem cell transplantation by leveraging paracrine signaling. This study provides a foundation for clinical applications, such as combining DFSC-CM with biomaterials to enhance bone defect repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prefemoral fat pad of the knee: A large and underrecognized structure with potential clinical relevance","authors":"Pierre Hepp ,&nbsp;Christoph Hellmund ,&nbsp;Leon Weigelt ,&nbsp;Jeanette Henkelmann ,&nbsp;Hanno Steinke","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The prefemoral fat pad (PFP) is a widely known but in comparison to the suprapatellar and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) a drastically underreported anatomical structure in the ventral knee. Although it is mentioned in the context of osteoarthritis and as a source of ventral knee pain, there are no reports on its anatomical characteristics and relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the PFP radiologically and via dissection in 10 fresh frozen cadaveric knees. Thereby we focused on its size, anatomical relationship to neighboring structures and blood and nerve supply and compared our findings to the IFP. Samples of the PFP were also evaluated histologically and through epoxy resin plastination. Additionally, we compared its size to the size of the IFP and the extracted descriptive data of the cadavers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found the PFP in all knees with a mean size of 24,79 cm³, whereas the mean size of the IFP was 20,06 cm³. The PFP was directly adjacent to the femur, the articularis genus muscle and suprapatellar bursa, as well as the medial and lateral intermuscular septum and the trochlear cartilage. We found blood vessels and nerves inserting into the PFP in all cases. The size of the PFP significantly correlated with the size of the IFP and the weight of the body donor. Additionally, the PFP was larger in males than in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our study the PFP was the largest of the three fat pads in the anterior knee. It always exists with a describable anatomy. The anatomical similarities between the PFP and the IFP may imply that characteristics and properties of the PFP may be similar to those of the IFP. Ultimately, the PFP's anatomical existence suggests a potential role in patellar stability and tracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 152748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}