Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology最新文献

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Pulling the Trigger: The Effect of a 5-Minute Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing Intervention on Psychophysiological Stress Responses and Pressurized Pistol Shooting Performance. 扣动扳机:5分钟缓慢横膈膜呼吸干预对心理生理应激反应和加压手枪射击性能的影响。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0213

Aodhagán Conlon, R. Arnold, E. Preatoni, L. Moore

This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Sixty-seven participants (40 female; Mage = 20.17 ± 2.77 years) were randomly assigned to either a diaphragmatic-breathing, paced-breathing, or control group. Participants completed a nonpressurized shooting task and then received instructions about a pressurized version. Next, the diaphragmatic group was told to breathe at 6 breaths/min, the paced group at 12 breaths/min, and the control group received no instructions. Following a 5-min intervention period, participants completed the pressurized task while performance was assessed. Psychophysiological stress responses (e.g., cognitive anxiety, heart rate) were recorded throughout. Results revealed that diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, with some unaffected (e.g., heart rate) and others reduced (e.g., cognitive anxiety), and little effect on performance. Findings suggested that slow diaphragmatic breathing might not aid pressurized performance but could benefit psychological stress responses.

本研究考察了缓慢横膈膜呼吸对心理生理应激反应和压力表现的影响。67名参与者(女性40名;(年龄= 20.17±2.77岁)被随机分配到膈肌呼吸组、节律呼吸组和对照组。参与者完成了一项非加压射击任务，然后收到了关于加压射击的指示。接下来，膈肌组被告知呼吸6次/分钟，节奏组呼吸12次/分钟，对照组没有任何指示。在5分钟的干预期后，参与者完成了有压力的任务，同时评估了他们的表现。全程记录心理生理应激反应(如认知焦虑、心率)。结果显示，横膈呼吸对应激反应有不同的影响，有些不受影响(如心率)，有些则降低(如认知焦虑)，对表现影响不大。研究结果表明，缓慢的横膈膜呼吸可能无助于压力表现，但可能有利于心理应激反应。

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引用次数: 4

Children's Motivation Profiles in Sports and Physical Activities: A Latent Profile Analysis and Self-Determination Theory Approach. 儿童在体育活动中的动机特征:一个潜在特征分析和自我决定理论方法。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0279

Annette Lohbeck, A. Hohmann, Philipp von Keitz, M. Daseking

Using latent profile analysis and self-determination theory, the present study aimed to examine younger children's motivation profiles in sports and physical activities and the relations of those profiles to various predictors and achievement outcomes. A total of 1,116 German children from Grade 2 participated in this study. Latent-profile-analysis solutions based on five behavioral-regulation types covered in self-determination theory (i.e., intrinsic, identified, introjected, external, amotivation) were tested. Results favored a three-profile solution, showing three theoretically meaningful and distinct motivation profiles labeled "amotivated," "non-self-determined," and "self-determined." Older children and children with a lower physical self-concept were more likely to be members of the amotivated profile relative to the other profiles than younger children and children with a higher physical self-concept. Furthermore, children of the self-determined profile demonstrated the best physical performance in various motor-skills tests.

本研究运用潜在特征分析和自我决定理论，探讨了幼儿运动和体育活动的动机特征及其与各种预测因子和成就结果的关系。共有1116名德国二年级儿童参与了这项研究。基于自决理论中涵盖的五种行为调节类型(即内在，识别，内向，外部，动机)的潜在轮廓分析解决方案进行了测试。结果倾向于三轮廓解决方案，显示了三个理论上有意义的和不同的动机轮廓，标记为“有动机的”，“非自我决定的”和“自我决定的”。年龄较大的儿童和身体自我概念较低的儿童比年龄较小的儿童和身体自我概念较高的儿童更有可能成为激励型形象的成员。此外，自主型儿童在各种运动技能测试中表现出最好的身体表现。

引用次数: 2

Erratum: Wierts et al. (2021). 勘误:Wierts et al.(2021)。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0045

In the article Wierts, C.M., Zumbo, B.D., Rhodes, R.E., Faulkner, G., & Beauchamp, M.R. (2021). An examination of Dweck’s psychological needs model in relation to exercise-related well-being. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 43(4), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0026, there was an error in the “Participants” section under the main heading “Part 2 Methods” at the bottom of page 327 and top of page of 328. An error was made wherein 4 of the 559 individuals were incorrectly coded on whether they completed Time 2 measures (N = 403) or dropped out of the study after completing Time 1 measures (n = 156). The correct individuals were included in all main analyses, and the error does not change any of the main results or conclusions of the study. The independent-sample t statistics used to compare dropouts and nondropouts on demographics (age, gender) and Time 1 predictors did slightly change after correcting the error. Originally, all comparisons were reported as statistically nonsignificant. After the correction was made, all comparisons, except for exercise identity, were nonsignificant. The online version of the article has been corrected.

在文章中，Wierts, c.m.， Zumbo, b.d.， Rhodes, r.e.， Faulkner, G, and Beauchamp, M.R.(2021)。Dweck的心理需求模型与运动相关幸福感的检验。运动心理学报，43(4)，323-334。在https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0026，在第327页底部和第328页顶部的“Part 2 Methods”主标题下的“Participants”部分有一个错误。在559个人中，有4个人在完成时间2的测量(N = 403)或完成时间1的测量后退出研究(N = 156)时被错误地编码。所有主要分析都包含了正确的个体，并且错误不会改变研究的任何主要结果或结论。独立样本统计数据用于比较人口统计学(年龄，性别)和时间1预测因子的辍学和非辍学在纠正错误后略有变化。最初，所有的比较都被报道为无统计学意义。修正后，除运动同一性外，所有比较均不显著。文章的在线版本已被更正。

引用次数: 0

Positive Implicit Associations for Physical Activity Predict Physical Activity and Affective Responses During Exercise. 体育活动的积极内隐关联预测体育活动和运动中的情感反应。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0228

Gerson Daniel de Oliveira Calado, Andressa de Oliveira Araújo, G. T. Oliveira, J. Sasaki, A. Rebar, D. Machado, H. Elsangedy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of implicit associations and explicit evaluations with affective responses during an aerobic exercise session, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults. Fifty adults (70% women; median age = 31 years; 25th, 75th percentiles: 24.50, 40.50 years old; body mass index = 25.29 ± 4.97 kg/m2) not engaged in regular physical activity completed an implicit association test and a questionnaire of explicit evaluations and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. After the 7-day period, the participants performed 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Every 5 min, the affective response and the perception of effort were recorded. Participants who had more positive implicit associations toward physical activity (vs. sedentary behavior) reported higher affective responses during exercise and engaged in more moderate to vigorous physical activity. Encouraging pleasant physical activity may act to partially improve future physical activity through automatic motivational processes.

本研究的目的是探讨成人在有氧运动、体力活动和久坐行为中的内隐联想和外显评价与情感反应的关系。50名成年人(70%为女性;中位年龄= 31岁;25、75百分位:24.50、40.50岁;身体质量指数(bmi) = 25.29±4.97 kg/m2)未参加常规体育活动的受试者完成内隐联想测验和外显评价问卷，并佩戴加速度计7天。7天后，参与者进行30分钟的中等强度有氧运动。每隔5分钟记录一次情感反应和努力感。对体力活动(相对于久坐行为)有更积极内隐联想的参与者在运动期间报告了更高的情感反应，并参与了更多的中度到剧烈的体力活动。鼓励愉快的体育活动可能会通过自动动机过程部分地改善未来的体育活动。

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引用次数: 0

Relationships Between Physical Activity, Boredom Proneness, and Subjective Well-Being Among U.K. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间英国成年人体育活动、无聊倾向和主观幸福感之间的关系

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0253

Ashley McCurdy, J. Stearns, R. Rhodes, D. Hopkins, K. Mummery, J. Spence

This investigation sought to examine physical activity (PA) as a potential determinant of chronic boredom and associated well-being within the context of COVID-related restrictions. A representative sample of U.K. adults (N = 1,521) completed a survey on June 1, 2020. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that individuals who met guidelines and maintained or increased PA scored higher on life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness and lower on anxiety (i.e., indicators of well-being) and boredom proneness (d = 0.13-0.43). Boredom proneness was correlated with all indicators of well-being (r = .38-.54). A series of regression models revealed that PA predicted lower boredom proneness and better life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness. Boredom proneness accounted for the covariance between PA and well-being. Prospective research is needed to confirm causality of the observed relationships.

本调查旨在研究在covid - 19相关限制的背景下，身体活动(PA)作为慢性无聊和相关幸福感的潜在决定因素。英国成年人的代表性样本(N = 1521)于2020年6月1日完成了一项调查。双变量分析表明，符合指南并维持或增加PA的个体在生活满意度、价值感和幸福感方面得分较高，而在焦虑(即幸福感指标)和无聊倾向方面得分较低(d = 0.13-0.43)。无聊倾向与所有幸福指标相关(r = 0.38 - 0.54)。一系列回归模型显示，PA预测较低的无聊倾向和较高的生活满意度，价值感和幸福感。无聊倾向解释了PA和幸福感之间的协方差。需要前瞻性研究来确认观察到的关系的因果关系。

引用次数: 9

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0218

J. DeFreese, S. Walton, Z. Kerr, B. Brett, A. Chandran, R. Mannix, Hope Campbell, R. Echemendia, M. McCrea, W. Meehan, K. Guskiewicz

Transition from professional sport to nonsport endeavors has implications for postcareer health and well-being of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations among transition-related psychosocial factors and current mental health outcomes in former National Football League (NFL) players. Participants were former NFL players (n = 1,784; mean age = 52.3 ± 16.3 years) who responded to a questionnaire assessing the nature of their discontinuation from professional football (i.e., any degree of voluntary choice vs. forced discontinuation), prediscontinuation transition planning (yes vs. no), and current symptoms of depression and anxiety. After adjusting for relevant covariates, having an involuntary discontinuation and no transition plan prior to discontinuation were associated with greater depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Autonomy in discontinuation and pretransition planning are important to former NFL football players' mental health. Increasing autonomy in the discontinuation decision and pretransition planning represent psychoeducational intervention targets for this population.

从职业运动到非体育运动的转变对运动员的职业后健康和福祉有影响。本研究的目的是检查前国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)球员的过渡相关心理社会因素与当前心理健康结果之间的关系。参与者为前NFL球员(n = 1,784;平均年龄= 52.3±16.3岁)，他们回答了一份评估他们退出职业足球的性质的问卷(即，任何程度的自愿选择与强迫退出)，退出前的过渡计划(是与否)，以及目前的抑郁和焦虑症状。在调整相关协变量后，非自愿停药和停药前无过渡计划与更大的抑郁和焦虑症状严重程度相关。自主中止和过渡前计划是重要的前NFL橄榄球运动员的心理健康。在终止决策和过渡前计划中增加自主权是这一人群的心理教育干预目标。

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引用次数: 3

"I Do What I Like": 8- to 10-Year-Old Children's Physical Activity Behavior Is Already Interrelated With Their Automatic Affective Processes. “我喜欢做什么”:8 ~ 10岁儿童的体育活动行为已经与他们的自动情感过程相关。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0251

Julia Limmeroth, Michaela Raboldt

The majority of middle-age children do not meet current physical activity guidelines. There is growing evidence that adults' physical activity is partially influenced by automatic affective processes, which are derived from affective experiences with physical activity. However, little is known about whether these processes are interrelated with children's physical activity level. A prospective design was used to examine whether automatic affective processes assessed by an evaluative priming procedure predict physical activity of children. Physical activity of 48 children (8.71 ± 0.71 years; 65% girls) was measured for 1 week with activity trackers. In a linear regression model, automatic affective processes (β = 0.36) significantly predicted physical activity, accounting for 11.02% of variance. These results indicate that physical-activity-related automatic affective processes are associated with children's physical activity, as has previously been found in adults. This study emphasizes the importance of fostering positive affective experiences associated with physical activity during childhood.

大多数中年儿童没有达到目前的身体活动指南。越来越多的证据表明，成年人的身体活动在一定程度上受到自动情感过程的影响，而自动情感过程源于与身体活动有关的情感体验。然而，对于这些过程是否与儿童的身体活动水平相关，人们知之甚少。采用前瞻性设计来检验由评价启动程序评估的自动情感过程是否能预测儿童的身体活动。48例儿童(8.71±0.71)岁;65%的女孩)使用活动追踪器进行了一周的测量。在线性回归模型中，自动情感过程(β = 0.36)显著预测身体活动，占方差的11.02%。这些结果表明，与体育活动相关的自动情感过程与儿童的体育活动有关，正如之前在成人中发现的那样。这项研究强调了在儿童时期培养与体育活动相关的积极情感体验的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The Defender's Vision-Gaze Behavior of One-on-One Defenders in Basketball. 篮球一对一防守者的视觉-凝视行为。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0149

Johannes Meyer, Frowin Fasold, Karsten Schul, Matthias Sonnenschein, Stefanie Klatt

In fast-paced team sports, anticipation is one important element in defense strategies. The primary objective of this study was to examine the recommendation for action and use of defensive gaze strategies by defensive players in basketball. Four national-level expert-basketball coaches were interviewed and a field study with mobile eye-tracking devices was conducted on 16 expert and 16 novice players defending in a one-on-one situation. Differences in relative fixation times between experts and novices were elaborated for the predetermined gaze zones-head, ball, torso, and feet-as given by the expert coaches. This was done for three phases of the movement sequence: receiving, dribbling, and shooting. The results of the interviews with expert coaches indicated that the existing coaching doctrine instructs players to look at the torso of an opponent to avoid being vulnerable to fakes. Surprisingly, our findings with the players showed a discrepancy in the evaluated gaze behavior of the experts and novices. For the receiving and dribbling phase, experts mainly fixated their gaze on the head while novices focused on the ball. For the final shooting phase, both the groups mainly fixated their gaze on the ball. Fixating the gaze on the ball or head makes the player potentially vulnerable to deceptive movements, as video-based research has shown. Expert coaches also indicated that peripheral vision is of importance to defenders, contradicting the existing assumption in the literature that focusing on the task-relevant areas is key for anticipation performance.

在快节奏的团队运动中，预判是防守策略中的一个重要元素。本研究的主要目的是研究防守球员在篮球比赛中防守凝视策略的建议和使用。对4名国家级篮球专家教练进行访谈，并采用移动眼动仪对16名专家级球员和16名新手球员进行一对一防守的实地研究。在专家教练给出的预定注视区域——头部、球、躯干和脚上，专家和新手在相对注视时间上的差异得到了详细阐述。这是完成了三个阶段的运动序列:接球，运球和投篮。对专家教练的采访结果表明，现有的教练原则指导球员看对手的躯干，以避免容易被假。令人惊讶的是，我们对玩家的研究结果显示，专家和新手在评估的凝视行为上存在差异。在接球和运球阶段，专家的注意力主要集中在头部，而新手的注意力则集中在球上。在最后的投篮阶段，两组人的目光都集中在球上。基于视频的研究表明，将目光固定在球或头部上可能会使球员容易受到欺骗性动作的影响。专家教练还指出，外围视觉对后卫来说很重要，这与现有文献中关于专注于任务相关区域是预期表现关键的假设相矛盾。

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引用次数: 3

Application of the Multi-Process Action Control Model to Predict Physical Activity During Late Adolescence. 多过程动作控制模型在青少年后期身体活动预测中的应用。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0169

Matthew Y W Kwan, Denver M Y Brown, Pallavi Dutta, Imran Haider, John Cairney, Ryan E Rhodes

The aim of this study was to apply the Multi-Process Action Control model to examine how the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes predict physical activity (PA) behaviors among adolescents. Our sample included 1,176 Grade 11 students (Mage = 15.85 ± 0.38) recruited from a large school board in Southern Ontario. Participants completed a questionnaire including measures of self-reported PA and PA cognitions derived from the Multi-Process Action Control model. Results found the reflective process explaining 16.5% of the variance in PA, with the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes significantly improving the explained variance by 5.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Final models revealed coping planning (estimate = 45.10, p = .047), identity (estimate = 55.82, p < .001), and habit (estimate = 64.07, p < .001) as significant predictors of PA. Findings reinforce the need for integrative models to better understand PA, with coping planning, habit formation, and development of an active identity to be salient targets for intervention during adolescence.

本研究旨在应用多过程动作控制模型，探讨调节过程和反射过程的增加如何预测青少年的体育活动行为。我们的样本包括1176名11年级学生(Mage = 15.85±0.38)，他们来自南安大略省的一个大型学校董事会。参与者完成了一份问卷，包括自我报告的PA和来自多过程行动控制模型的PA认知的测量。结果发现，反射过程解释了16.5%的PA方差，而调节过程和反射过程的加入分别显著提高了5.1%和8.2%的解释方差。最终模型显示应对计划(估计值= 45.10,p = 0.047)、认同(估计值= 55.82,p < 0.001)和习惯(估计值= 64.07,p < 0.001)是PA的显著预测因子。研究结果加强了对综合模型的需求，以更好地理解青少年心理障碍，应对计划、习惯形成和积极身份的发展是青少年干预的突出目标。

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引用次数: 3

Experience-Dependent Modulation of Rubber Hand Illusion in Badminton Players. 羽毛球运动员橡胶手错觉的经验依赖调节。

IF 2.4 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0178

Masanori Sakamoto, Hirotoshi Ifuku

Badminton players have a plastic modification of their arm representation in the brain due to the prolonged use of their racket. However, it is not known whether their arm representation can be altered through short-term visuotactile integration. The neural representation of the body is easily altered when multiple sensory signals are integrated in the brain. One of the most popular experimental paradigms for investigating this phenomenon is the "rubber hand illusion." This study was designed to investigate the effect of prolonged use of a racket on the modulation of arm representation during the rubber hand illusion in badminton players. When badminton players hold the racket, their badminton experience in years is negatively correlated with the magnitude of the rubber hand illusion. This finding suggests that tool embodiment obtained by the prolonged use of the badminton racket is less likely to be disturbed when holding the racket.

羽毛球运动员由于长时间使用球拍，他们的手臂在大脑中的表现有一个塑料修饰。然而，目前尚不清楚他们的手臂是否可以通过短期的视觉整合来改变。当多种感觉信号在大脑中整合时，身体的神经表征很容易改变。研究这一现象的最流行的实验范例之一是“橡胶手错觉”。本研究旨在探讨长时间使用球拍对羽毛球运动员橡胶手错觉中手臂表征调制的影响。羽毛球运动员持拍时，其多年羽毛球经验与橡胶手错觉程度呈负相关。这一发现表明，长时间使用羽毛球拍所获得的工具体现在握拍时不太可能受到干扰。

引用次数: 0

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