Pub Date : 2022-07-07Print Date: 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0282
Katja M Pollak, Lea Boecker, Chris Englert, David D Loschelder
Sport injury-related growth (SIRG) describes the possibility for athletes to benefit psychologically from an injury. The present, preregistered online study examined an international sample of 335 athletes with impressive athletic biographies who sustained a severe sport-related injury. Expanding the extant literature, we empirically contrasted numerous psychological, situational, and demographic predictors of perceived SIRG-specifically, athletes' optimism, coping style, self-efficacy, athletic identity, social support, need satisfaction, and injury centrality. Our data first provide empirical evidence for perceived SIRG, even when statistically controlling for a potential social-desirability bias in athletes' responses. In addition, frequentist and Bayesian regression analyses showed that several psychological variables predicted perceived SIRG-particularly athletes' informational social support, positive reframing, optimism, and injury centrality. Finally, post hoc mediation analyses showed how these psychological variables account for different levels of perceived SIRG as a function of demographic variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research.
{"title":"How Much Do Severely Injured Athletes Experience Sport Injury-Related Growth? Contrasting Psychological, Situational, and Demographic Predictors.","authors":"Katja M Pollak, Lea Boecker, Chris Englert, David D Loschelder","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sport injury-related growth (SIRG) describes the possibility for athletes to benefit psychologically from an injury. The present, preregistered online study examined an international sample of 335 athletes with impressive athletic biographies who sustained a severe sport-related injury. Expanding the extant literature, we empirically contrasted numerous psychological, situational, and demographic predictors of perceived SIRG-specifically, athletes' optimism, coping style, self-efficacy, athletic identity, social support, need satisfaction, and injury centrality. Our data first provide empirical evidence for perceived SIRG, even when statistically controlling for a potential social-desirability bias in athletes' responses. In addition, frequentist and Bayesian regression analyses showed that several psychological variables predicted perceived SIRG-particularly athletes' informational social support, positive reframing, optimism, and injury centrality. Finally, post hoc mediation analyses showed how these psychological variables account for different levels of perceived SIRG as a function of demographic variables. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bob Brustad (affectionately known as Bru to many) passed away on February 6, 2022, after a yearlong battle with cancer. He was 69 years young. Bob was a significant contributor to the field of sport and exercise psychology, a former editor of the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP), and beloved colleague and friend to anybody who had the joy and privilege of interacting with him. Bru was my first full-time doctoral student and a best friend for 40 years, sharing so many adventures and memories together. I embrace this opportunity to honor Bob’s professional achievements and reflect personally on a dear friend who exuded a big personality and an even bigger heart. In September 1982, an intelligent, witty, and enthusiastic student entered my graduate social psychology of sport and physical activity class at the University of Oregon. Bob’s smile, humor, and laugh were infectious and his academic insights deep, thoughtful, and challenging. These personality and intellectual qualities were admired by his many colleagues, students, and friends. Our common bond of growing up in Southern California, being alumni of the University of California system, and possessing a deep love of baseball sealed our close friendship. We shared many adventures at Spring Training in Arizona and later at Colorado Rockies games, as well as at other ballparks. Bru taught me how to throw a curveball and chase down a foul ball, but most importantly he encouraged me to not take myself too seriously. When I regressed, Bru was always there to boost my spirits. His enduring positive and optimistic outlook defined his approach to life every day. Bob obtained his B.A. degree in sociology from the University of California, San Diego, in 1975. For several years prior to starting graduate education, he worked as an afterschool program facilitator with migrant children for the State of California, where he learned to become a fluent Spanish speaker. I remember Bru excitedly telling me about a surprise day trip he planned of taking the children to a baseball game at Chavez Ravine, ballpark of the Los Angeles Dodgers, and arranging the transportation and tickets all on his own. The animation with which he told this story exemplified his deep caring and compassion for children and their families, especially those less privileged and with fewer opportunities. During the 4 years of his graduate studies, Bob taught elementary-age children, primarily kindergarteners and first graders, in my Children’s Summer Sports Program at the University of Oregon. Kids and parents praised his gentle manner, inherent ability to form trusting and respectful relationships, and propensity for structuring activities to maximize motor skill development within an enjoyable and motivating atmosphere. I vividly remember the children’s exhilaration in running the track backwards, wading through the steeplechase water pit, and climbing over the hurdle to get to the other side. Bob’s experiences as a migrant
{"title":"Remembering Robert J. Brustad: An Enduring Image of Positivity and Optimism.","authors":"M. Weiss","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2022-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2022-0125","url":null,"abstract":"Bob Brustad (affectionately known as Bru to many) passed away on February 6, 2022, after a yearlong battle with cancer. He was 69 years young. Bob was a significant contributor to the field of sport and exercise psychology, a former editor of the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP), and beloved colleague and friend to anybody who had the joy and privilege of interacting with him. Bru was my first full-time doctoral student and a best friend for 40 years, sharing so many adventures and memories together. I embrace this opportunity to honor Bob’s professional achievements and reflect personally on a dear friend who exuded a big personality and an even bigger heart. In September 1982, an intelligent, witty, and enthusiastic student entered my graduate social psychology of sport and physical activity class at the University of Oregon. Bob’s smile, humor, and laugh were infectious and his academic insights deep, thoughtful, and challenging. These personality and intellectual qualities were admired by his many colleagues, students, and friends. Our common bond of growing up in Southern California, being alumni of the University of California system, and possessing a deep love of baseball sealed our close friendship. We shared many adventures at Spring Training in Arizona and later at Colorado Rockies games, as well as at other ballparks. Bru taught me how to throw a curveball and chase down a foul ball, but most importantly he encouraged me to not take myself too seriously. When I regressed, Bru was always there to boost my spirits. His enduring positive and optimistic outlook defined his approach to life every day. Bob obtained his B.A. degree in sociology from the University of California, San Diego, in 1975. For several years prior to starting graduate education, he worked as an afterschool program facilitator with migrant children for the State of California, where he learned to become a fluent Spanish speaker. I remember Bru excitedly telling me about a surprise day trip he planned of taking the children to a baseball game at Chavez Ravine, ballpark of the Los Angeles Dodgers, and arranging the transportation and tickets all on his own. The animation with which he told this story exemplified his deep caring and compassion for children and their families, especially those less privileged and with fewer opportunities. During the 4 years of his graduate studies, Bob taught elementary-age children, primarily kindergarteners and first graders, in my Children’s Summer Sports Program at the University of Oregon. Kids and parents praised his gentle manner, inherent ability to form trusting and respectful relationships, and propensity for structuring activities to maximize motor skill development within an enjoyable and motivating atmosphere. I vividly remember the children’s exhilaration in running the track backwards, wading through the steeplechase water pit, and climbing over the hurdle to get to the other side. Bob’s experiences as a migrant","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29Print Date: 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0138
Kim Gammage, Jeff Caron, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Christopher Hill, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork, Svenja Wolf
{"title":"Digest.","authors":"Kim Gammage, Jeff Caron, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Christopher Hill, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork, Svenja Wolf","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2022-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2022-0138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40648511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20Print Date: 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0246
Alexander W J Freemantle, Lorenzo D Stafford, Christopher R D Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst
Researchers have shown that the emotions that athletes experience during sporting competition can be transferred between team members to create collective team emotional states. Nevertheless, collective emotions have not yet been investigated for sporting dyads. In this study, the emotional experiences of 68 doubles table tennis players (34 dyads) were examined at three time points: precompetition, in-competition, and postcompetition. It was found that the intensity of each emotional state differed as a function of match situation (positive/negative). Moreover, in-competition anxiety, dejection, and anger were shown to predict poorer subjective performance, and anxiety was shown to negatively impact future objective athlete performance. Most pertinently, within-dyad emotional aggregation was identified for athlete in-competition happiness and dejection and for postcompetition happiness, dejection, and anger. These findings represent the first quantitative evidence of emotional convergence in sport dyads and provide support for the social functional theory of emotion in sport.
{"title":"Collective Emotions in Doubles Table Tennis.","authors":"Alexander W J Freemantle, Lorenzo D Stafford, Christopher R D Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have shown that the emotions that athletes experience during sporting competition can be transferred between team members to create collective team emotional states. Nevertheless, collective emotions have not yet been investigated for sporting dyads. In this study, the emotional experiences of 68 doubles table tennis players (34 dyads) were examined at three time points: precompetition, in-competition, and postcompetition. It was found that the intensity of each emotional state differed as a function of match situation (positive/negative). Moreover, in-competition anxiety, dejection, and anger were shown to predict poorer subjective performance, and anxiety was shown to negatively impact future objective athlete performance. Most pertinently, within-dyad emotional aggregation was identified for athlete in-competition happiness and dejection and for postcompetition happiness, dejection, and anger. These findings represent the first quantitative evidence of emotional convergence in sport dyads and provide support for the social functional theory of emotion in sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40151456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinika Timme, J. Hutchinson, Anton Regorius, R. Brand
The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.
{"title":"The Influence of Affective Priming on the Affective Response During Exercise: A Replication Study.","authors":"Sinika Timme, J. Hutchinson, Anton Regorius, R. Brand","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77676407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fortes, Maria E. C. Ferreira, H. Faro, E. Penna, S. S. Almeida
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the motion-sensitive midtemporal area on perceptual-cognitive skills (visuomotor and basketball decision-making skills) in mentally fatigued basketball players. A total of 20 male basketball players were recruited. This was a randomized, double-blinded, and counterbalanced crossover study with two experimental conditions: a-tDCS and Sham. The participants completed the basketball decision-making task and visuomotor skill after performing a 60-min sport-based videogame task with anodal (i.e., a-tDCS) or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area. Worse response time was observed in visuomotor skill for Sham than a-tDCS postexperiment (p < .05). There was no main condition effect for accuracy of visuomotor skill (p > .05). There was more impairment in accuracy and response time in basketball decision-making skills for the Sham condition than a-tDCS (p < .05). Notably, a-tDCS over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area removed the negative effects of mental fatigue on perceptual-cognitive skills.
{"title":"Brain Stimulation Over the Motion-Sensitive Midtemporal Area Reduces Deleterious Effects of Mental Fatigue on Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in Basketball Players.","authors":"L. Fortes, Maria E. C. Ferreira, H. Faro, E. Penna, S. S. Almeida","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0281","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the motion-sensitive midtemporal area on perceptual-cognitive skills (visuomotor and basketball decision-making skills) in mentally fatigued basketball players. A total of 20 male basketball players were recruited. This was a randomized, double-blinded, and counterbalanced crossover study with two experimental conditions: a-tDCS and Sham. The participants completed the basketball decision-making task and visuomotor skill after performing a 60-min sport-based videogame task with anodal (i.e., a-tDCS) or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area. Worse response time was observed in visuomotor skill for Sham than a-tDCS postexperiment (p < .05). There was no main condition effect for accuracy of visuomotor skill (p > .05). There was more impairment in accuracy and response time in basketball decision-making skills for the Sham condition than a-tDCS (p < .05). Notably, a-tDCS over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area removed the negative effects of mental fatigue on perceptual-cognitive skills.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76315364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2009, elite swimming introduced polyurethane "supersuits," which artificially enhanced performances and facilitated 43 world records at the World Championships, before being prohibited from 2010. This transient, artificial improvement spike created a natural experiment to examine the effect of "impossible" targets on subsequent performances. Analyses revealed that swimming speeds at global championships in the postsupersuit period (2011-2017) were substantially faster than predicted from the presupersuit period (2000-2007). These results suggest that the transient, artificially enhanced performances of the supersuit era recalibrated targets upward-acting as goals-and improved subsequent performances beyond previous trajectories (d = 0.64; 0.70%). Contributing to psychological goal-setting theory, the positive relationship between the size of the transient, artificial improvement (i.e., goal difficulty) and subsequent performance was curvilinear, increasing at a decreasing rate before improvements plateaued. Overall, the research demonstrates the potential for elite athletes to exceed perceived human limits after expectations have been recalibrated upward.
{"title":"Glimpsing the Impossible: How Artificially Enhanced Targets Improve Elite Performance.","authors":"M. Robinson","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0034","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, elite swimming introduced polyurethane \"supersuits,\" which artificially enhanced performances and facilitated 43 world records at the World Championships, before being prohibited from 2010. This transient, artificial improvement spike created a natural experiment to examine the effect of \"impossible\" targets on subsequent performances. Analyses revealed that swimming speeds at global championships in the postsupersuit period (2011-2017) were substantially faster than predicted from the presupersuit period (2000-2007). These results suggest that the transient, artificially enhanced performances of the supersuit era recalibrated targets upward-acting as goals-and improved subsequent performances beyond previous trajectories (d = 0.64; 0.70%). Contributing to psychological goal-setting theory, the positive relationship between the size of the transient, artificial improvement (i.e., goal difficulty) and subsequent performance was curvilinear, increasing at a decreasing rate before improvements plateaued. Overall, the research demonstrates the potential for elite athletes to exceed perceived human limits after expectations have been recalibrated upward.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81915544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shannon, G. Prentice, N. Brick, G. Leavey, G. Breslin
Participation in sport can paradoxically be a source of psychological needs satisfaction and psychological needs frustration. Self-determination theory was applied to explain temporal relationships of athletes' psychological needs satisfactions and psychological needs frustrations with burnout through a two-wave longitudinal study. Participants included 184 athletes (Mage = 24.04 years, SD = 5.56, 67.9% male) representing a range of competitive levels. A latent difference score model specifying longitudinal relationships between burnout and needs satisfactions and needs frustrations was tested. Significant within-variable changes were observed for all needs-satisfaction and needs-frustration variables. Longitudinal associations were found in Models 3 (autonomy frustration) and 6 (relatedness satisfaction). Higher burnout at baseline predicted an increase in autonomy frustration (β = 0.13, p < .05), whereas higher relatedness satisfaction at baseline reduced burnout levels later in the season (β = -0.22, p < .001). To conclude, continuous tracking of athlete burnout levels and fostering of needs-supportive climates that minimize autonomy-controlling behaviors are recommended for the burnout prevention in athletes.
参与体育运动可以矛盾地成为心理需求满足和心理需求沮丧的来源。运用自我决定理论对运动员心理需求满足、心理需求挫折与职业倦怠的时间关系进行了双波纵向研究。参与者包括184名运动员(年龄24.04岁，SD = 5.56, 67.9%为男性)，代表了不同的竞技水平。对倦怠与需求满足和需求挫折之间的纵向关系进行了潜在差异评分模型检验。在所有需求-满足和需求-挫折变量中观察到显著的变量内变化。在模型3(自主性挫折)和模型6(相关性满意度)中发现纵向关联。基线时较高的倦怠预示着自主性挫折的增加(β = 0.13, p < 0.05)，而基线时较高的关系满意度降低了赛季后期的倦怠水平(β = -0.22, p < 0.001)。综上所述，持续跟踪运动员的倦怠水平和培养需求支持气候，最大限度地减少自主控制行为是预防运动员倦怠的建议。
{"title":"Longitudinal Associations Between Athletes' Psychological Needs and Burnout Across a Competitive Season: A Latent Difference Score Analysis.","authors":"S. Shannon, G. Prentice, N. Brick, G. Leavey, G. Breslin","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0250","url":null,"abstract":"Participation in sport can paradoxically be a source of psychological needs satisfaction and psychological needs frustration. Self-determination theory was applied to explain temporal relationships of athletes' psychological needs satisfactions and psychological needs frustrations with burnout through a two-wave longitudinal study. Participants included 184 athletes (Mage = 24.04 years, SD = 5.56, 67.9% male) representing a range of competitive levels. A latent difference score model specifying longitudinal relationships between burnout and needs satisfactions and needs frustrations was tested. Significant within-variable changes were observed for all needs-satisfaction and needs-frustration variables. Longitudinal associations were found in Models 3 (autonomy frustration) and 6 (relatedness satisfaction). Higher burnout at baseline predicted an increase in autonomy frustration (β = 0.13, p < .05), whereas higher relatedness satisfaction at baseline reduced burnout levels later in the season (β = -0.22, p < .001). To conclude, continuous tracking of athlete burnout levels and fostering of needs-supportive climates that minimize autonomy-controlling behaviors are recommended for the burnout prevention in athletes.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87232082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The winners of the 2017 World Series were found guilty of illegally using electronic devices to steal the signs of their opponents. Many but not all sport fans negatively reacted to this cheating incident. We relied on the model of excellencism and perfectionism to determine if perfection strivers are less unfavorable toward electronic sign stealing (cheating) compared with excellence strivers. Sport fans (N = 321) completed a measure of excellencism and perfectionism. We used three different approaches to measure attitudes toward electronic sign stealing in baseball. Results of a multivariate multiple regression showed that sport fans who are perfection strivers held more favorable attitudes toward electronic sign stealing compared with excellence strivers. Perfection strivers also reported higher moral disengagement and winning-at-all-cost mentality. These findings are insightful because they indicate that perfectionistic standards significantly relate to sport cheating-related attitudes once we separate excellencism from perfectionism.
{"title":"Attitudes of Sport Fans Toward the Electronic Sign-Stealing Scandal in Major League Baseball: Differing Associations With Perfectionism and Excellencism.","authors":"P. Gaudreau, Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0136","url":null,"abstract":"The winners of the 2017 World Series were found guilty of illegally using electronic devices to steal the signs of their opponents. Many but not all sport fans negatively reacted to this cheating incident. We relied on the model of excellencism and perfectionism to determine if perfection strivers are less unfavorable toward electronic sign stealing (cheating) compared with excellence strivers. Sport fans (N = 321) completed a measure of excellencism and perfectionism. We used three different approaches to measure attitudes toward electronic sign stealing in baseball. Results of a multivariate multiple regression showed that sport fans who are perfection strivers held more favorable attitudes toward electronic sign stealing compared with excellence strivers. Perfection strivers also reported higher moral disengagement and winning-at-all-cost mentality. These findings are insightful because they indicate that perfectionistic standards significantly relate to sport cheating-related attitudes once we separate excellencism from perfectionism.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76501282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Sixty-seven participants (40 female; Mage = 20.17 ± 2.77 years) were randomly assigned to either a diaphragmatic-breathing, paced-breathing, or control group. Participants completed a nonpressurized shooting task and then received instructions about a pressurized version. Next, the diaphragmatic group was told to breathe at 6 breaths/min, the paced group at 12 breaths/min, and the control group received no instructions. Following a 5-min intervention period, participants completed the pressurized task while performance was assessed. Psychophysiological stress responses (e.g., cognitive anxiety, heart rate) were recorded throughout. Results revealed that diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, with some unaffected (e.g., heart rate) and others reduced (e.g., cognitive anxiety), and little effect on performance. Findings suggested that slow diaphragmatic breathing might not aid pressurized performance but could benefit psychological stress responses.
{"title":"Pulling the Trigger: The Effect of a 5-Minute Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing Intervention on Psychophysiological Stress Responses and Pressurized Pistol Shooting Performance.","authors":"Aodhagán Conlon, R. Arnold, E. Preatoni, L. Moore","doi":"10.1123/jsep.2021-0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0213","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Sixty-seven participants (40 female; Mage = 20.17 ± 2.77 years) were randomly assigned to either a diaphragmatic-breathing, paced-breathing, or control group. Participants completed a nonpressurized shooting task and then received instructions about a pressurized version. Next, the diaphragmatic group was told to breathe at 6 breaths/min, the paced group at 12 breaths/min, and the control group received no instructions. Following a 5-min intervention period, participants completed the pressurized task while performance was assessed. Psychophysiological stress responses (e.g., cognitive anxiety, heart rate) were recorded throughout. Results revealed that diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, with some unaffected (e.g., heart rate) and others reduced (e.g., cognitive anxiety), and little effect on performance. Findings suggested that slow diaphragmatic breathing might not aid pressurized performance but could benefit psychological stress responses.","PeriodicalId":51094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74089818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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