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Relationships Between Physical Activity, Boredom Proneness, and Subjective Well-Being Among U.K. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间英国成年人体育活动、无聊倾向和主观幸福感之间的关系
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0253
Ashley McCurdy, J. Stearns, R. Rhodes, D. Hopkins, K. Mummery, J. Spence
This investigation sought to examine physical activity (PA) as a potential determinant of chronic boredom and associated well-being within the context of COVID-related restrictions. A representative sample of U.K. adults (N = 1,521) completed a survey on June 1, 2020. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that individuals who met guidelines and maintained or increased PA scored higher on life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness and lower on anxiety (i.e., indicators of well-being) and boredom proneness (d = 0.13-0.43). Boredom proneness was correlated with all indicators of well-being (r = .38-.54). A series of regression models revealed that PA predicted lower boredom proneness and better life satisfaction, worthwhileness, and happiness. Boredom proneness accounted for the covariance between PA and well-being. Prospective research is needed to confirm causality of the observed relationships.
本调查旨在研究在covid - 19相关限制的背景下,身体活动(PA)作为慢性无聊和相关幸福感的潜在决定因素。英国成年人的代表性样本(N = 1521)于2020年6月1日完成了一项调查。双变量分析表明,符合指南并维持或增加PA的个体在生活满意度、价值感和幸福感方面得分较高,而在焦虑(即幸福感指标)和无聊倾向方面得分较低(d = 0.13-0.43)。无聊倾向与所有幸福指标相关(r = 0.38 - 0.54)。一系列回归模型显示,PA预测较低的无聊倾向和较高的生活满意度,价值感和幸福感。无聊倾向解释了PA和幸福感之间的协方差。需要前瞻性研究来确认观察到的关系的因果关系。
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引用次数: 9
Transition-Related Psychosocial Factors and Mental Health Outcomes in Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG Study. 前国家橄榄球联盟球员的过渡相关心理社会因素和心理健康结果:一项为期nfl的研究。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0218
J. DeFreese, S. Walton, Z. Kerr, B. Brett, A. Chandran, R. Mannix, Hope Campbell, R. Echemendia, M. McCrea, W. Meehan, K. Guskiewicz
Transition from professional sport to nonsport endeavors has implications for postcareer health and well-being of athletes. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations among transition-related psychosocial factors and current mental health outcomes in former National Football League (NFL) players. Participants were former NFL players (n = 1,784; mean age = 52.3 ± 16.3 years) who responded to a questionnaire assessing the nature of their discontinuation from professional football (i.e., any degree of voluntary choice vs. forced discontinuation), prediscontinuation transition planning (yes vs. no), and current symptoms of depression and anxiety. After adjusting for relevant covariates, having an involuntary discontinuation and no transition plan prior to discontinuation were associated with greater depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Autonomy in discontinuation and pretransition planning are important to former NFL football players' mental health. Increasing autonomy in the discontinuation decision and pretransition planning represent psychoeducational intervention targets for this population.
从职业运动到非体育运动的转变对运动员的职业后健康和福祉有影响。本研究的目的是检查前国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)球员的过渡相关心理社会因素与当前心理健康结果之间的关系。参与者为前NFL球员(n = 1,784;平均年龄= 52.3±16.3岁),他们回答了一份评估他们退出职业足球的性质的问卷(即,任何程度的自愿选择与强迫退出),退出前的过渡计划(是与否),以及目前的抑郁和焦虑症状。在调整相关协变量后,非自愿停药和停药前无过渡计划与更大的抑郁和焦虑症状严重程度相关。自主中止和过渡前计划是重要的前NFL橄榄球运动员的心理健康。在终止决策和过渡前计划中增加自主权是这一人群的心理教育干预目标。
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引用次数: 3
"I Do What I Like": 8- to 10-Year-Old Children's Physical Activity Behavior Is Already Interrelated With Their Automatic Affective Processes. “我喜欢做什么”:8 ~ 10岁儿童的体育活动行为已经与他们的自动情感过程相关。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0251
Julia Limmeroth, Michaela Raboldt
The majority of middle-age children do not meet current physical activity guidelines. There is growing evidence that adults' physical activity is partially influenced by automatic affective processes, which are derived from affective experiences with physical activity. However, little is known about whether these processes are interrelated with children's physical activity level. A prospective design was used to examine whether automatic affective processes assessed by an evaluative priming procedure predict physical activity of children. Physical activity of 48 children (8.71 ± 0.71 years; 65% girls) was measured for 1 week with activity trackers. In a linear regression model, automatic affective processes (β = 0.36) significantly predicted physical activity, accounting for 11.02% of variance. These results indicate that physical-activity-related automatic affective processes are associated with children's physical activity, as has previously been found in adults. This study emphasizes the importance of fostering positive affective experiences associated with physical activity during childhood.
大多数中年儿童没有达到目前的身体活动指南。越来越多的证据表明,成年人的身体活动在一定程度上受到自动情感过程的影响,而自动情感过程源于与身体活动有关的情感体验。然而,对于这些过程是否与儿童的身体活动水平相关,人们知之甚少。采用前瞻性设计来检验由评价启动程序评估的自动情感过程是否能预测儿童的身体活动。48例儿童(8.71±0.71)岁;65%的女孩)使用活动追踪器进行了一周的测量。在线性回归模型中,自动情感过程(β = 0.36)显著预测身体活动,占方差的11.02%。这些结果表明,与体育活动相关的自动情感过程与儿童的体育活动有关,正如之前在成人中发现的那样。这项研究强调了在儿童时期培养与体育活动相关的积极情感体验的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Defender's Vision-Gaze Behavior of One-on-One Defenders in Basketball. 篮球一对一防守者的视觉-凝视行为。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0149
Johannes Meyer, Frowin Fasold, Karsten Schul, Matthias Sonnenschein, Stefanie Klatt
In fast-paced team sports, anticipation is one important element in defense strategies. The primary objective of this study was to examine the recommendation for action and use of defensive gaze strategies by defensive players in basketball. Four national-level expert-basketball coaches were interviewed and a field study with mobile eye-tracking devices was conducted on 16 expert and 16 novice players defending in a one-on-one situation. Differences in relative fixation times between experts and novices were elaborated for the predetermined gaze zones-head, ball, torso, and feet-as given by the expert coaches. This was done for three phases of the movement sequence: receiving, dribbling, and shooting. The results of the interviews with expert coaches indicated that the existing coaching doctrine instructs players to look at the torso of an opponent to avoid being vulnerable to fakes. Surprisingly, our findings with the players showed a discrepancy in the evaluated gaze behavior of the experts and novices. For the receiving and dribbling phase, experts mainly fixated their gaze on the head while novices focused on the ball. For the final shooting phase, both the groups mainly fixated their gaze on the ball. Fixating the gaze on the ball or head makes the player potentially vulnerable to deceptive movements, as video-based research has shown. Expert coaches also indicated that peripheral vision is of importance to defenders, contradicting the existing assumption in the literature that focusing on the task-relevant areas is key for anticipation performance.
在快节奏的团队运动中,预判是防守策略中的一个重要元素。本研究的主要目的是研究防守球员在篮球比赛中防守凝视策略的建议和使用。对4名国家级篮球专家教练进行访谈,并采用移动眼动仪对16名专家级球员和16名新手球员进行一对一防守的实地研究。在专家教练给出的预定注视区域——头部、球、躯干和脚上,专家和新手在相对注视时间上的差异得到了详细阐述。这是完成了三个阶段的运动序列:接球,运球和投篮。对专家教练的采访结果表明,现有的教练原则指导球员看对手的躯干,以避免容易被假。令人惊讶的是,我们对玩家的研究结果显示,专家和新手在评估的凝视行为上存在差异。在接球和运球阶段,专家的注意力主要集中在头部,而新手的注意力则集中在球上。在最后的投篮阶段,两组人的目光都集中在球上。基于视频的研究表明,将目光固定在球或头部上可能会使球员容易受到欺骗性动作的影响。专家教练还指出,外围视觉对后卫来说很重要,这与现有文献中关于专注于任务相关区域是预期表现关键的假设相矛盾。
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引用次数: 3
Application of the Multi-Process Action Control Model to Predict Physical Activity During Late Adolescence. 多过程动作控制模型在青少年后期身体活动预测中的应用。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0169
Matthew Y W Kwan, Denver M Y Brown, Pallavi Dutta, Imran Haider, John Cairney, Ryan E Rhodes

The aim of this study was to apply the Multi-Process Action Control model to examine how the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes predict physical activity (PA) behaviors among adolescents. Our sample included 1,176 Grade 11 students (Mage = 15.85 ± 0.38) recruited from a large school board in Southern Ontario. Participants completed a questionnaire including measures of self-reported PA and PA cognitions derived from the Multi-Process Action Control model. Results found the reflective process explaining 16.5% of the variance in PA, with the additions of regulatory and reflexive processes significantly improving the explained variance by 5.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Final models revealed coping planning (estimate = 45.10, p = .047), identity (estimate = 55.82, p < .001), and habit (estimate = 64.07, p < .001) as significant predictors of PA. Findings reinforce the need for integrative models to better understand PA, with coping planning, habit formation, and development of an active identity to be salient targets for intervention during adolescence.

本研究旨在应用多过程动作控制模型,探讨调节过程和反射过程的增加如何预测青少年的体育活动行为。我们的样本包括1176名11年级学生(Mage = 15.85±0.38),他们来自南安大略省的一个大型学校董事会。参与者完成了一份问卷,包括自我报告的PA和来自多过程行动控制模型的PA认知的测量。结果发现,反射过程解释了16.5%的PA方差,而调节过程和反射过程的加入分别显著提高了5.1%和8.2%的解释方差。最终模型显示应对计划(估计值= 45.10,p = 0.047)、认同(估计值= 55.82,p < 0.001)和习惯(估计值= 64.07,p < 0.001)是PA的显著预测因子。研究结果加强了对综合模型的需求,以更好地理解青少年心理障碍,应对计划、习惯形成和积极身份的发展是青少年干预的突出目标。
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引用次数: 3
Experience-Dependent Modulation of Rubber Hand Illusion in Badminton Players. 羽毛球运动员橡胶手错觉的经验依赖调节。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0178
Masanori Sakamoto, Hirotoshi Ifuku

Badminton players have a plastic modification of their arm representation in the brain due to the prolonged use of their racket. However, it is not known whether their arm representation can be altered through short-term visuotactile integration. The neural representation of the body is easily altered when multiple sensory signals are integrated in the brain. One of the most popular experimental paradigms for investigating this phenomenon is the "rubber hand illusion." This study was designed to investigate the effect of prolonged use of a racket on the modulation of arm representation during the rubber hand illusion in badminton players. When badminton players hold the racket, their badminton experience in years is negatively correlated with the magnitude of the rubber hand illusion. This finding suggests that tool embodiment obtained by the prolonged use of the badminton racket is less likely to be disturbed when holding the racket.

羽毛球运动员由于长时间使用球拍,他们的手臂在大脑中的表现有一个塑料修饰。然而,目前尚不清楚他们的手臂是否可以通过短期的视觉整合来改变。当多种感觉信号在大脑中整合时,身体的神经表征很容易改变。研究这一现象的最流行的实验范例之一是“橡胶手错觉”。本研究旨在探讨长时间使用球拍对羽毛球运动员橡胶手错觉中手臂表征调制的影响。羽毛球运动员持拍时,其多年羽毛球经验与橡胶手错觉程度呈负相关。这一发现表明,长时间使用羽毛球拍所获得的工具体现在握拍时不太可能受到干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Digest. 消化。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0321
Kim Gammage, Jeff Caron, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Christopher Hill, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork, Svenja Wolf
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引用次数: 0
Bulls in a China Shop: Narcissism, Intragroup Conflict, and Task Cohesion. 中国商店里的公牛:自恋、团队内部冲突和任务凝聚力。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0133
Matt W Boulter, James Hardy, Ross Roberts, Tim Woodman

When given opportunities for personal glory in individual settings, people high in narcissism excel. However, less is known about narcissists' influence in team contexts. Across two studies (utilizing cross-sectional and two-wave longitudinal designs) involving 706 athletes from 68 teams in total, we tested a conceptual model linking narcissism to task cohesion, via intragroup conflict, moderated by narcissistic group composition. We tested a new sports-oriented measure of intragroup conflict using Bayesian estimation and evaluated our theorizing using a multilevel conditional indirect effect hybrid model. Across both studies, we found that narcissism influenced perceptions of task cohesion via process conflict only, with a negative influence at low narcissistic group composition that was weakened (Study 1) or nullified (Study 2) at high narcissistic team composition. Collectively, these findings offer the first example of how narcissism influences task cohesion in team settings and the contextual effects of narcissistic group composition.

当有机会在个人环境中获得个人荣誉时,自恋程度高的人会表现出色。然而,人们对自恋者在团队环境中的影响知之甚少。通过两项研究(利用横断面和两波纵向设计),我们测试了一个概念模型,该模型涉及来自68个团队的706名运动员,通过自恋群体构成调节的团队内部冲突,将自恋与任务凝聚力联系起来。我们使用贝叶斯估计测试了一种新的以体育为导向的群体冲突测量方法,并使用多层条件间接效应混合模型评估了我们的理论。在这两项研究中,我们发现自恋只通过过程冲突影响任务凝聚力的感知,在低自恋团队组成中,这种负面影响被削弱(研究1)或在高自恋团队组成中被消除(研究2)。总的来说,这些发现提供了自恋如何影响团队环境中的任务凝聚力以及自恋群体构成的情境效应的第一个例子。
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引用次数: 2
Determinants of Virtual Exercise Equipment Use: An Integrated Model Investigation. 虚拟运动器材使用的决定因素:一个综合模型调查。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0143
Navin Kaushal, Kathy Berlin, Martin S Hagger

Background: Given the limited research on behavioral determinants of using virtual exercise machines to engage in exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study applied an integrated behavior change model to identify behavioral determinants using these machines.

Method: Adult owners of livestreaming virtual exercise equipment (N = 123) completed measures of social cognition, planning, motivation, virtual exercise machine features, and sociostructural variables at an initial occasion (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2). Hypothesized relations among model constructs were tested using a cross-lagged structural equation model with past behavior and sociostructural variables as covariates.

Results: Autonomous motivation predicted intentions and habit indirectly via attitudes and perceived behavioral control at T1; virtual exercise machine features predicted intention and habit indirectly via social cognition constructs at T1; and intention and habit at T1 predicted exercise behavior at T2.

Conclusions: This study supports social cognition constructs and virtual features as predictors of exercise using virtual exercise machines.

背景:鉴于COVID-19大流行期间使用虚拟健身机进行锻炼的行为决定因素研究有限,本研究采用综合行为改变模型来识别使用虚拟健身机的行为决定因素。方法:直播虚拟健身器材的成年拥有者(N = 123)分别在初始时刻(T1)和4周后(T2)完成了社会认知、计划、动机、虚拟健身器材特征和社会结构变量的测量。使用以过去行为和社会结构变量为协变量的交叉滞后结构方程模型检验模型构相之间的假设关系。结果:自主动机通过T1时的态度和感知行为控制间接预测意向和习惯;虚拟运动机特征通过T1时的社会认知构念间接预测意图和习惯;T1时的意图和习惯预测T2时的运动行为。结论:本研究支持社会认知结构和虚拟特征作为使用虚拟锻炼机进行锻炼的预测因子。
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引用次数: 2
The Home Advantage in the National Basketball Association Conference Finals and Finals Series From 1979 to 2019: A Mediation Analysis of Offensive and Defensive Skills. 1979 - 2019年nba东部决赛和总决赛系列赛主场优势:攻防技术的中介分析
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0314
Jeffrey D Graham, Bolun Zhang, Denver M Y Brown, John Cairney

This study examined the home advantage effect in decisive National Basketball Association Conference Finals and Finals series playoff games from 1979 to 2019 (the 3-point shot era). We also examined the potential contribution of various offensive- and defensive-based skills and whether these skills mediated the relationship between game status (decisive vs. nondecisive) and outcome (win vs. loss). Overall, we found evidence of a home court advantage with the home team winning 63% of the decisive playoff games and 66% of the nondecisive playoff games. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and regular season win percentage, the home team had significantly more defensive rebounds and steals in Game 5 when trailing 3-1 going into that game. Mediation analyses did not reveal any significant findings when examining the impact of decisive game status on performance through offensive and defensive skills, thus suggesting there are other explanations for the home advantage effect.

本研究考察了1979 - 2019年(三分球时代)nba联盟决赛和总决赛系列赛决定性比赛的主场优势效应。我们还研究了各种基于进攻和防守的技能的潜在贡献,以及这些技能是否介导了游戏状态(决定性与非决定性)和结果(胜利与失败)之间的关系。总的来说,我们发现了主场优势的证据,主场球队赢得了63%的决定性季后赛和66%的非决定性季后赛。在调整了多个比较和常规赛胜率之后,主场球队在第五场比赛中以3-1落后的情况下有更多的防守篮板和抢断。在考察决定性比赛状态通过攻防技术对成绩的影响时,中介分析没有发现任何显著的发现,从而表明主场优势效应存在其他解释。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
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