{"title":"Potential Soil Erosion following Skyline Yarding versus Tracked Skidding on Bladed Skid Trails in the Appalachian Region of Virginia","authors":"William C. Worrell, M. Bolding, W. M. Aust","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sherrill, B. Bullock, T. Mullin, S. McKeand, R. C. Purnell
{"title":"Total and Merchantable Stem Volume Equations for Midrotation Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)","authors":"J. Sherrill, B. Bullock, T. Mullin, S. McKeand, R. C. Purnell","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micky Allen, D. Coble, Q. V. Cao, J. Yeiser, I. Hung
Four methodologies to project future trees per acre by diameter class were compared to develop a new modified stand table projection growth model for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations in East Texas. The new models were fit to 92,882 observations from 153 permanent plots located in loblolly pine plantations and 33,792 observations from 71 permanent plots located in slash pine plantations throughout East Texas. The new models were validated with 12,750 observations from 22 permanent plots and 3,724 observations from 9 permanent plots located in loblolly and slash pine plantations, respectively. The validation data were used to select between the four methodologies. The results indicated which of the new models produced the best results, based on error indexes calculated for trees per acre and basal area per acre at the stand table and diameter class levels across a range of projection lengths. We recommend that this new model be used by forest managers for projecting stand tables in East Texas loblolly and slash pine plantations. An example is also provided to show users how to use the new modified stand table projection model.
{"title":"A Modified Stand Table Projection Growth Model for Unmanaged Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in East Texas","authors":"Micky Allen, D. Coble, Q. V. Cao, J. Yeiser, I. Hung","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.115","url":null,"abstract":"Four methodologies to project future trees per acre by diameter class were compared to develop a new modified stand table projection growth model for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations in East Texas. The new models were fit to 92,882 observations from 153 permanent plots located in loblolly pine plantations and 33,792 observations from 71 permanent plots located in slash pine plantations throughout East Texas. The new models were validated with 12,750 observations from 22 permanent plots and 3,724 observations from 9 permanent plots located in loblolly and slash pine plantations, respectively. The validation data were used to select between the four methodologies. The results indicated which of the new models produced the best results, based on error indexes calculated for trees per acre and basal area per acre at the stand table and diameter class levels across a range of projection lengths. We recommend that this new model be used by forest managers for projecting stand tables in East Texas loblolly and slash pine plantations. An example is also provided to show users how to use the new modified stand table projection model.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Aust, Mathew Carroll, M. Bolding, C. A. Dolloff
10–40%. Many ephemeral and intermittent streams in this landscape have unstable banks because they are recovering erosion gullies caused by abusive agricultural practices used in the region in the 1700s and 1800s (Trimble 1974). Common soils of the approaches and stream crossings include the Wehadkee, Chewacla, Wilkes, Appling, Madison, Codorus, Bremo, and Toccoa soil series (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1974). Personnel from three timber procurement organizations and the Virginia Department of Forestry identified potentially suitable stream crossings prior to installation. The first available stream crossings that met the desired criteria was selected, where permission from landowners to make repeated visits could be obtained and where the timing of operations allowed evaluation of the crossing from preinstallation through closure. All stands accessed by the crossings were clearcut harvested and included natural upland hardwood stands and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Stream crossings selected were on low-volume forest roads (class 2 permanent roads and class 3 temporary roads) or bladed skid trails (class 4) (Walbridge 1990). The different road classes were included for two reasons, to acquire the desired replications of the crossings in a timely manner and because the different classes represent the overall tract level access system. The roads, skid trails, and crossings included in this study were designed or selected by a company forester or forest engineer and implemented by logging contractors. One difficulty in acquiring the required numbers of stream crossings for the study was caused by the rapid selection and placement of crossings by loggers, which sometimes precluded the required preinstallation measurements. Treatment Description Four stream crossing treatments were evaluated: portable steel skidder bridges (BRIDGE), pole-filled culverts (POLE), reinforced fords (FORD), and standard earth-fill culverts (CULVERT). The initial experimental design sought to install six replications of each crossing structure. However, because of the difficulty in finding more than four sites that were suitable for the FORD, the final design consisted of 6, 6, 4, and 7 replications for the BRIDGE, CULVERT, FORD, and POLE treatments, respectively. Therefore, a total of 23 stream crossings were monitored during the project. The BRIDGE treatment consisted of 9.1–12.2-m (30–40-ft) long steel panels that were 1.2 m (4 ft) wide. Three panels were used for each crossing (Figure 2). POLE crossings used either steel gas line pipes or corrugated steel culverts with pole-sized stems used to fill the stream cross-section (Figure 3). All POLE crossings had stems placed parallel to the pipe as fill; however, some POLE crossings had additional poles or logging mats placed perpendicular to the stream channel to provide a traffic surface. FORD crossings were reinforced with geotextile or mats topped with gravel (Figure 4). Two of four FORD crossings invo
{"title":"Operational forest stream crossings effects on water quality in the Virginia Piedmont","authors":"W. Aust, Mathew Carroll, M. Bolding, C. A. Dolloff","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.123","url":null,"abstract":"10–40%. Many ephemeral and intermittent streams in this landscape have unstable banks because they are recovering erosion gullies caused by abusive agricultural practices used in the region in the 1700s and 1800s (Trimble 1974). Common soils of the approaches and stream crossings include the Wehadkee, Chewacla, Wilkes, Appling, Madison, Codorus, Bremo, and Toccoa soil series (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1974). Personnel from three timber procurement organizations and the Virginia Department of Forestry identified potentially suitable stream crossings prior to installation. The first available stream crossings that met the desired criteria was selected, where permission from landowners to make repeated visits could be obtained and where the timing of operations allowed evaluation of the crossing from preinstallation through closure. All stands accessed by the crossings were clearcut harvested and included natural upland hardwood stands and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Stream crossings selected were on low-volume forest roads (class 2 permanent roads and class 3 temporary roads) or bladed skid trails (class 4) (Walbridge 1990). The different road classes were included for two reasons, to acquire the desired replications of the crossings in a timely manner and because the different classes represent the overall tract level access system. The roads, skid trails, and crossings included in this study were designed or selected by a company forester or forest engineer and implemented by logging contractors. One difficulty in acquiring the required numbers of stream crossings for the study was caused by the rapid selection and placement of crossings by loggers, which sometimes precluded the required preinstallation measurements. Treatment Description Four stream crossing treatments were evaluated: portable steel skidder bridges (BRIDGE), pole-filled culverts (POLE), reinforced fords (FORD), and standard earth-fill culverts (CULVERT). The initial experimental design sought to install six replications of each crossing structure. However, because of the difficulty in finding more than four sites that were suitable for the FORD, the final design consisted of 6, 6, 4, and 7 replications for the BRIDGE, CULVERT, FORD, and POLE treatments, respectively. Therefore, a total of 23 stream crossings were monitored during the project. The BRIDGE treatment consisted of 9.1–12.2-m (30–40-ft) long steel panels that were 1.2 m (4 ft) wide. Three panels were used for each crossing (Figure 2). POLE crossings used either steel gas line pipes or corrugated steel culverts with pole-sized stems used to fill the stream cross-section (Figure 3). All POLE crossings had stems placed parallel to the pipe as fill; however, some POLE crossings had additional poles or logging mats placed perpendicular to the stream channel to provide a traffic surface. FORD crossings were reinforced with geotextile or mats topped with gravel (Figure 4). Two of four FORD crossings invo","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangbin Liu, W. Bitterlich, C. Cieszewski, M. Zasada
Three dendrometers are used to measure dbh. Two of the devices are the well-known and widely used d-tape and caliper. The third device is the lesser-known sector fork. In this study, measurements of dbh were collected from each dendrometer for each tree in nine plots, with each of the three plots nested in one of the diameter classes (small, medium, and large). The results from repeated-measures analysis of variance show that different dendrometers, the interaction between the dendrometer and diameter class, and the interaction between the dendrometer and plot significantly affected the dbh measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected in most of the comparisons of dbh measured by the three dendrometers. However, the actual mean differences and limits of agreement (Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman. 1986. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307‐310) were small enough to support the claim that the dbh measurements made by the three dendrometers agree well in measurements of the small and medium trees (in this study, dbh of 16 in.). Thus, these statistically significant differences are not biologically and/or practically important. For the large trees (dbh 16 in. or more), the dbh measured by d-tape and caliper still agreed well. The sector fork should be used cautiously in measuring large trees.
{"title":"Comparing the Use of Three Dendrometers for Measuring Diameters at Breast Height","authors":"Shangbin Liu, W. Bitterlich, C. Cieszewski, M. Zasada","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.136","url":null,"abstract":"Three dendrometers are used to measure dbh. Two of the devices are the well-known and widely used d-tape and caliper. The third device is the lesser-known sector fork. In this study, measurements of dbh were collected from each dendrometer for each tree in nine plots, with each of the three plots nested in one of the diameter classes (small, medium, and large). The results from repeated-measures analysis of variance show that different dendrometers, the interaction between the dendrometer and diameter class, and the interaction between the dendrometer and plot significantly affected the dbh measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected in most of the comparisons of dbh measured by the three dendrometers. However, the actual mean differences and limits of agreement (Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman. 1986. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1:307‐310) were small enough to support the claim that the dbh measurements made by the three dendrometers agree well in measurements of the small and medium trees (in this study, dbh of 16 in.). Thus, these statistically significant differences are not biologically and/or practically important. For the large trees (dbh 16 in. or more), the dbh measured by d-tape and caliper still agreed well. The sector fork should be used cautiously in measuring large trees.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61303065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica A Homyack, B. J. Paxton, M. D. Wilson, B. Watts, Darren A. Miller
{"title":"Snags and Cavity-Nesting Birds within Intensively Managed Pine Stands in Eastern North Carolina, USA","authors":"Jessica A Homyack, B. J. Paxton, M. D. Wilson, B. Watts, Darren A. Miller","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.3.148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61303400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Landowner Willingness to Supply Timber for Biofuel: Results of an Alabama Survey of Family Forest Landowners","authors":"Ana Paula, C. Bailey, R. Barlow, W. Morse","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Segmenting Southern Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners on the Basis of Their Management Objectives and Motivations for Wood-Based Bioenergy","authors":"Omkar Joshi, Sayeed R. Mehmood","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attitudes toward Policy Instruments Promoting Wood-To-Energy Initiatives in the United States","authors":"F. Aguilar, A. Saunders","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioenergy Issues in the Southern United States","authors":"D. Grebner","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/35.2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"35 1","pages":"60-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/35.2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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