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Relating Sound and Sight in Simulated Environments. 模拟环境中声音和视觉的关联。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10082
Kevin Y Tsang, Damien J Mannion

The auditory signals at the ear can be affected by components arriving both directly from a sound source and indirectly via environmental reverberation. Previous studies have suggested that the perceptual separation of these contributions can be aided by expectations of likely reverberant qualities. Here, we investigated whether vision can provide information about the auditory properties of physical locations that could also be used to develop such expectations. We presented participants with audiovisual stimuli derived from 10 simulated real-world locations via a head-mounted display (HMD; n = 44) or a web-based ( n = 60) delivery method. On each trial, participants viewed a first-person perspective rendering of a location before hearing a spoken utterance that was convolved with an impulse response that was from a location that was either the same as (congruent) or different to (incongruent) the visually-depicted location. We find that audiovisual congruence was associated with an increase in the probability of participants reporting an audiovisual match of about 0.22 (95% credible interval: [ 0.17 , 0.27 ]), and that participants were more likely to confuse audiovisual pairs as matching if their locations had similar reverberation times. Overall, this study suggests that human perceivers have a capacity to form expectations of reverberation from visual information. Such expectations may be useful for the perceptual challenge of separating sound sources and reverberation from within the signal available at the ear.

耳中的听觉信号可以受到直接来自声源的分量和间接通过环境混响到达的分量的影响。先前的研究表明,这些贡献的感性分离可以通过对可能的回响质量的预期来辅助。在这里,我们研究了视觉是否可以提供关于物理位置的听觉特性的信息,这些信息也可以用来发展这种期望。我们通过头戴式显示器(HMD)向参与者提供来自10个模拟现实世界地点的视听刺激。N = 44)或基于网络的交付方式(N = 60)。在每次试验中,参与者在听到与视觉上描绘的位置相同(一致)或不同(不一致)的位置的脉冲反应相关联的口头话语之前,先观看一个地点的第一人称视角渲染。我们发现,视听一致性与参与者报告视听匹配的概率增加有关,约为0.22(95%可信区间:[0.17,0.27]),如果他们的位置有相似的混响时间,参与者更有可能将视听对混淆为匹配。总的来说,这项研究表明,人类感知者有能力从视觉信息中形成对回响的期望。这样的期望可能对从耳朵可用的信号中分离声源和混响的感知挑战有用。
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引用次数: 0
Something in the Sway: Effects of the Shepard-Risset Glissando on Postural Activity and Vection. 摇摆中的一些东西:谢泼德-里塞特滑音对姿势活动和运动的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10081
Rebecca A Mursic, Stephen Palmisano

This study investigated claims of disrupted equilibrium when listening to the Shepard-Risset glissando (which creates an auditory illusion of perpetually ascending/descending pitch). During each trial, 23 participants stood quietly on a force plate for 90 s with their eyes either open or closed (30 s pre-sound, 30 s of sound and 30 s post-sound). Their centre of foot pressure (CoP) was continuously recorded during the trial and a verbal measure of illusory self-motion (i.e., vection) was obtained directly afterwards. As expected, vection was stronger during Shepard-Risset glissandi than during white noise or phase-scrambled auditory control stimuli. Individual differences in auditorily evoked postural sway (observed during sound) were also found to predict the strength of this vection. Importantly, the patterns of sway induced by Shepard-Risset glissandi differed significantly from those during our auditory control stimuli - but only in terms of their temporal dynamics. Since significant sound type differences were not seen in terms of sway magnitude, this stresses the importance of investigating the temporal dynamics of sound-posture interactions.

这项研究调查了在听谢泼德-里塞特滑音(它创造了一种永远上升/下降音高的听觉错觉)时平衡被破坏的说法。在每次试验中,23名参与者安静地站在测力板上90秒,眼睛睁着或闭着(播放前30秒,播放前30秒,播放后30秒)。在试验期间连续记录他们的足压中心(CoP),并在试验后直接获得虚幻自我运动(即向量)的口头测量。正如预期的那样,在谢泼德-里塞特滑音刺激下,向量比在白噪声或相位混乱的听觉控制刺激下更强。听觉诱发的姿势摇摆(在声音中观察到)的个体差异也被发现可以预测这种向量的强度。重要的是,由Shepard-Risset glissandi引起的摇摆模式与我们的听觉控制刺激有很大的不同,但只是在时间动态方面。由于在摇摆幅度方面没有看到显著的声音类型差异,这强调了研究声音-姿势相互作用的时间动态的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Odor-Induced Taste Enhancement Is Specific to Naturally Occurring Temporal Order and the Respiration Phase. 气味引起的味觉增强是特定于自然发生的时间顺序和呼吸阶段。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10080
Shogo Amano, Takuji Narumi, Tatsu Kobayakawa, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Masahiko Tamura, Yuko Kusakabe, Yuji Wada

Interaction between odor and taste information creates flavor perception. There are many possible determinants of the interaction between odor and taste, one of which may be the somatic sensations associated with breathing. We assumed that a smell stimulus accompanied by inhaling or exhaling enhances taste intensity if the order is congruent with natural drinking. To present an olfactory stimulus from the identical location during inhalation and exhalation, we blocked the gap between the tube presenting the olfactory stimulus and the nostril. Participants breathed and ingested the solution according to the instructions on the screen and evaluated the solution's taste intensity. Vanilla odor enhanced the sweet taste in both retronasal and orthonasal conditions when the order of stimuli was congruent with natural drinking, but it did not do so in either condition when they were incongruent. The results suggest that breathing is a determinant of odor-taste interaction. The methods of presenting olfactory stimuli used in this study were compared and discussed in relation to those used in previous studies. Odor-induced taste enhancement depends on the time order of smell with breathing and taste congruency in natural drinking. Taste enhancement was induced by odor in both conditions by minimizing differences in odor presentation between them.

气味和味觉信息之间的相互作用产生了味道感知。气味和味觉之间的相互作用有许多可能的决定因素,其中之一可能是与呼吸有关的躯体感觉。我们假设,如果吸入或呼出的顺序与自然饮用的顺序一致,那么气味刺激会增强味道的强度。为了在吸气和呼气过程中从同一位置呈现嗅觉刺激,我们堵塞了呈现嗅觉刺激的管子与鼻孔之间的间隙。参与者根据屏幕上的说明呼吸和摄入溶液,并评估溶液的味道强度。当刺激顺序与自然饮酒一致时,香草气味增强了后鼻和正鼻条件下的甜味,但当刺激顺序与自然饮酒不一致时,香草气味在两种条件下都没有增强甜味。结果表明,呼吸是气味-味觉相互作用的决定因素。本研究中使用的嗅觉刺激呈现方法与以往的研究进行了比较和讨论。气味诱发的味觉增强取决于自然饮用时气味与呼吸的时间顺序和味觉的一致性。在两种情况下,气味通过最小化它们之间气味表现的差异来诱导味觉增强。
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引用次数: 2
Exploring Group Differences in the Crossmodal Correspondences. 探讨跨模式对应的群体差异。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10079
Charles Spence

There has been a rapid growth of interest amongst researchers in the cross-modal correspondences in recent years. In part, this has resulted from the emerging realization of the important role that the correspondences can sometimes play in multisensory integration. In turn, this has led to an interest in the nature of any differences between individuals, or rather, between groups of individuals, in the strength and/or consensuality of cross-modal correspondences that may be observed in both neurotypically normal groups cross-culturally, developmentally, and across various special populations (including those who have lost a sense, as well as those with autistic tendencies). The hope is that our emerging understanding of such group differences may one day provide grounds for supporting the reality of the various different types of correspondence that have so far been proposed, namely structural, statistical, semantic, and hedonic (or emotionally mediated).

近年来,研究人员对跨模态通信的兴趣迅速增长。在某种程度上,这是由于人们逐渐认识到通信有时在多感觉整合中发挥的重要作用。反过来,这又引起了人们对个体之间,或者更确切地说,个体群体之间,在跨文化、发展和各种特殊人群(包括那些失去感觉的人,以及那些有自闭症倾向的人)的神经正常群体中可能观察到的跨模态对应的强度和/或共识性的本质差异的兴趣。希望有一天,我们对这种群体差异的新兴理解可能会为支持迄今为止提出的各种不同类型的对应的现实提供依据,即结构,统计,语义和享乐(或情感介导)。
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引用次数: 19
Size and Quality of Drawings Made by Adults Under Visual and Haptic Control. 视觉和触觉控制下成人绘画的尺寸和质量。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10078
Magdalena Szubielska, Paweł Augustynowicz, Delphine Picard

The aim of this study was twofold. First, our objective was to test the influence of an object's actual size (size rank) on the drawn size of the depicted object. We tested the canonical size effect (i.e., drawing objects larger in the physical world as larger) in four drawing conditions - two perceptual conditions (blindfolded or sighted) crossed with two materials (paper or special foil for producing embossed drawings). Second, we investigated whether drawing quality (we analysed both the local and global criteria of quality) depends on drawing conditions. We predicted that drawing quality, unlike drawing size, would vary according to drawing conditions - namely, being higher when foil than paper was used for drawing production in the blindfolded condition. We tested these hypotheses with young adults who repeatedly drew eight different familiar objects (differentiated by size in the real world) in four drawing conditions. As expected, drawn size increased linearly with increasing size rank, whatever the drawing condition, thus replicating the canonical size effect and showing that this effect was not dependent on drawing conditions. In line with our hypothesis, in the blindfolded condition drawing quality was better when foil rather than paper was used, suggesting a benefit from haptic feedback on the trace produced. Besides, the quality of drawings produced was still higher in the sighted than the blindfolded condition. In conclusion, canonical size is present under different drawing conditions regardless of whether sight is involved or not, while perceptual control increases drawing quality in adults.

这项研究的目的是双重的。首先,我们的目标是测试对象的实际尺寸(尺寸等级)对所描绘对象的绘制尺寸的影响。我们在四种绘制条件下测试了标准尺寸效应(即,在物理世界中绘制更大的物体)-两种感知条件(蒙眼或有视力)与两种材料(纸或用于制作浮雕图的特殊箔)交叉。其次,我们调查了绘图质量(我们分析了本地和全球质量标准)是否取决于绘图条件。我们预测,与拉丝尺寸不同,拉丝质量会因拉丝条件的不同而有所不同,即在蒙住眼睛的情况下,使用箔纸进行拉丝的质量要高于纸张。我们用年轻人来测试这些假设,他们在四种绘画条件下反复画出八个不同的熟悉物体(在现实世界中按大小区分)。正如预期的那样,无论绘制条件如何,绘制尺寸都随着尺寸等级的增加而线性增加,从而复制了典型尺寸效应,并表明该效应不依赖于绘制条件。与我们的假设一致,在蒙住眼睛的条件下,使用铝箔而不是纸张的绘画质量更好,这表明在产生的痕迹上有触觉反馈的好处。此外,在视力正常的情况下,绘制的图画质量仍然高于蒙眼条件。综上所述,无论是否涉及视觉,在不同的绘画条件下,标准尺寸都存在,而知觉控制提高了成人的绘画质量。
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引用次数: 2
Crossmodal Correspondence between Music and Ambient Color Is Mediated by Emotion. 音乐与环境色彩的跨模态对应是由情绪介导的。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10077
Pia Hauck, Christoph von Castell, Heiko Hecht

The quality of a concert hall primarily depends on its acoustics. But does visual input also have an impact on musical enjoyment? Does the color of ambient lighting modulate the perceived music quality? And are certain colors perceived to fit better than others with a given music piece? To address these questions, we performed three within-subjects experiments. We carried out two pretests to select four music pieces differing in tonality and genre, and 14 lighting conditions of varying hue, brightness, and saturation. In the main experiment, we applied a fully crossed repeated-measures design. Under each of the four lighting conditions, participants rated the musical variables 'Harmonic', 'Powerful', 'Gloomy', 'Lively' and overall liking of the music pieces, as well as the perceived fit of music and lighting. Subsequently, participants evaluated music and lighting separately by rating the same variables as before, as well as their emotional impact (valence, arousal, dominance). We found that music and lighting being similarly rated in terms of valence and arousal in the unimodal conditions were judged to match better when presented together. Accordingly, tonal (atonal) music was rated to fit better with weakly saturated (highly saturated) colors. Moreover, some characteristics of the lighting were carried over to music. That is, just as red lighting was rated as more powerful than green and blue lighting, music was evaluated to be more powerful under red compared to green and blue lighting. We conclude that listening to music is a multisensory process enriched by impressions from the visual domain.

音乐厅的质量主要取决于它的音响效果。但是,视觉输入是否也对音乐享受有影响呢?环境光线的颜色是否会调节感知到的音乐质量?某些颜色是否比其他颜色更适合特定的音乐片段?为了解决这些问题,我们进行了三个受试者内实验。我们进行了两次预测试,选择了四首不同调性和类型的音乐作品,以及14种不同色调、亮度和饱和度的照明条件。在主实验中,我们采用了全交叉重复测量设计。在四种照明条件下,参与者对音乐变量“和谐”、“有力”、“阴郁”、“活泼”进行评分,并对音乐作品的总体喜爱程度以及音乐和照明的契合度进行评分。随后,参与者分别对音乐和灯光进行评估,方法是对之前相同的变量进行评级,以及它们的情感影响(效价、唤醒、支配)。我们发现,在单峰条件下,音乐和灯光在效价和唤醒方面的评级相似,当它们同时出现时,被认为匹配得更好。因此,调性(无调性)音乐被认为更适合弱饱和(高饱和)色彩。此外,灯光的一些特点也被沿用到音乐中。也就是说,就像红色灯光被认为比绿色和蓝色灯光更有力量一样,音乐在红色灯光下比在绿色和蓝色灯光下更有力量。我们的结论是,听音乐是一个多感官的过程,丰富了视觉领域的印象。
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引用次数: 5
Investigating the Crossmodal Influence of Odour on the Visual Perception of Facial Attractiveness and Age. 研究气味对面部吸引力和年龄视觉感知的交叉影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10076
Yi-Chuan Chen, Charles Spence

We report two experiments designed to investigate whether the presentation of a range of pleasant fragrances, containing both floral and fruity notes, would modulate people's judgements of the facial attractiveness (Experiment 1) and age (Experiment 2) of a selection of typical female faces varying in age in the range 20-69 years. In Experiment 1, male participants rated the female faces as less attractive when presented with an unpleasant fragrance compared to clean air. The rated attractiveness of the female faces was lower when the participants rated the unpleasant odour as having a lower attractiveness and pleasantness, and a higher intensity. In Experiment 2, both male and female participants rated the age of female faces while presented with one of four pleasant fragrances or clean air as a control. Only the female participants demonstrated a crossmodal effect, with the pleasant fragrances inducing an older rating for female faces in the 40-49-years-old age range, whereas a younger rating was documented for female faces in the 60-69-years-old age range. Taken together, these results are consistent with the view that while the valence of fragrance (pleasant versus unpleasant) exerts a robust crossmodal influence over judgements of facial attractiveness, the effects of pleasant fragrance on judgements of a person's age appear to be less reliable. One possible explanation for the differing effect of scent in the two cases relates to the fact that attractiveness judgements are more subjective, hedonic, and/or intuitive than age ratings which are more objective, cognitive-mediated, and/or analytic in nature.

我们报告了两个实验,旨在研究一系列包含花香和果味的令人愉悦的香味是否会调节人们对面部吸引力(实验1)和年龄(实验2)的判断,这些人选择了年龄在20-69岁之间的典型女性面孔。在实验1中,男性参与者认为女性的脸在面对难闻的香味时不如面对干净的空气时有吸引力。当参与者认为难闻气味的吸引力和愉悦度较低,而强度较高时,女性面孔的吸引力评级就会降低。在实验2中,男性和女性参与者在四种令人愉快的香味或干净的空气作为对照时,对女性面孔的年龄进行评分。只有女性参与者表现出了跨模态效应,令人愉悦的香味使40-49岁年龄段的女性面孔的评分更老,而60-69岁年龄段的女性面孔的评分更年轻。综上所述,这些结果与以下观点是一致的:尽管香味的效价(令人愉快的与不愉快的)对面部吸引力的判断产生了强大的跨模态影响,但令人愉快的香味对判断一个人的年龄的影响似乎不太可靠。对于气味在两种情况下的不同影响,一个可能的解释是,与年龄评级相比,吸引力判断更主观、更享乐和/或更直觉,而年龄评级更客观、更认知、更分析。
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引用次数: 0
Do Congruent Auditory Stimuli Facilitate Visual Search in Dynamic Environments? An Experimental Study Based on Multisensory Interaction. 一致的听觉刺激在动态环境中促进视觉搜索吗?基于多感官交互作用的实验研究。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10075
Xiaofang Sun, Pin-Hsuan Chen, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cue congruency effect of auditory stimuli during visual search in dynamic environments. Twenty-eight participants were recruited to conduct a visual search experiment. The experiment applied auditory stimuli to understand whether they could facilitate visual search in different types of background. Additionally, target location and target orientation were manipulated to clarify their influences on visual search. Target location was related to horizontal visual search and target orientation was associated with visual search for an inverted target. The results regarding dynamic backgrounds reported that target-congruent auditory stimuli could speed up the visual search time. In addition, the cue congruency effect of auditory stimuli was critical for the center of the visual display but declined for the edge, indicating the inhibition of horizontal visual search behavior. Moreover, few improvements accompanying auditory stimuli were provided for the visual detection of non-inverted and inverted targets. The findings of this study suggested developing multisensory interaction with head-mounted displays, such as augmented reality glasses, in real life.

本研究旨在探讨动态环境下听觉刺激在视觉搜索过程中的线索一致性效应。招募了28名参与者进行视觉搜索实验。实验采用听觉刺激来了解它们是否能促进不同背景下的视觉搜索。此外,还对目标位置和目标方向进行了处理,以阐明它们对视觉搜索的影响。目标位置与水平视觉搜索有关,目标方向与倒置目标的视觉搜索有关。动态背景下的结果表明,目标一致的听觉刺激可以加快视觉搜索时间。此外,听觉刺激的线索一致性效应对视觉显示的中心区域至关重要,而对边缘区域则有所减弱,表明听觉刺激对水平视觉搜索行为有抑制作用。此外,听觉刺激对非倒立目标和倒立目标的视觉检测几乎没有改善。这项研究的结果表明,在现实生活中,可以通过头戴式显示器(如增强现实眼镜)开发多感官互动。
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引用次数: 0
Multisensory Perception and Learning: Linking Pedagogy, Psychophysics, and Human-Computer Interaction. 多感官知觉与学习:连结教学法、心理物理学与人机互动。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10072
Monica Gori, Sara Price, Fiona N Newell, Nadia Berthouze, Gualtiero Volpe

In this review, we discuss how specific sensory channels can mediate the learning of properties of the environment. In recent years, schools have increasingly been using multisensory technology for teaching. However, it still needs to be sufficiently grounded in neuroscientific and pedagogical evidence. Researchers have recently renewed understanding around the role of communication between sensory modalities during development. In the current review, we outline four principles that will aid technological development based on theoretical models of multisensory development and embodiment to foster in-depth, perceptual, and conceptual learning of mathematics. We also discuss how a multidisciplinary approach offers a unique contribution to development of new practical solutions for learning in school. Scientists, engineers, and pedagogical experts offer their interdisciplinary points of view on this topic. At the end of the review, we present our results, showing that one can use multiple sensory inputs and sensorimotor associations in multisensory technology to improve the discrimination of angles, but also possibly for educational purposes. Finally, we present an application, the 'RobotAngle' developed for primary (i.e., elementary) school children, which uses sounds and body movements to learn about angles.

在这篇综述中,我们讨论了特定的感觉通道如何介导环境属性的学习。近年来,学校越来越多地在教学中使用多感官技术。然而,它仍然需要充分建立在神经科学和教学证据的基础上。最近,研究人员对发育过程中感觉模式之间的交流作用有了新的认识。在当前的综述中,我们概述了四个原则,这些原则将有助于基于多感官发展和体现的理论模型的技术发展,以促进数学的深入,感性和概念性学习。我们还讨论了多学科方法如何为学校学习提供新的实用解决方案的独特贡献。科学家、工程师和教学专家就这一主题提出了他们跨学科的观点。在回顾的最后,我们展示了我们的结果,表明人们可以在多感觉技术中使用多种感觉输入和感觉运动关联来提高角度辨别,但也可能用于教育目的。最后,我们提出了一个应用程序,“RobotAngle”为小学(即,小学)学生开发,它使用声音和身体动作来学习角度。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluating the Effect of Semantic Congruency and Valence on Multisensory Integration. 评价语义一致性和效价对多感觉整合的影响。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10073
Elyse Letts, Aysha Basharat, Michael Barnett-Cowan

Previous studies have found that semantics, the higher-level meaning of stimuli, can impact multisensory integration; however, less is known about the effect of valence, an affective response to stimuli. This study investigated the effects of both semantic congruency and valence of non-speech audiovisual stimuli on multisensory integration via response time (RT) and temporal-order judgement (TOJ) tasks [assessing processing speed (RT), Point of Subjective Simultaneity (PSS), and time window when multisensory stimuli are likely to be perceived as simultaneous (temporal binding window; TBW)]. Through an online study with 40 participants (mean age: 26.25 years; females = 17), we found that both congruence and valence had a significant main effect on RT (congruency and positive valence decrease RT) and an interaction effect (congruent/positive valence condition being significantly faster than all others). For TOJ, there was a significant main effect of valence and a significant interaction effect where positive valence (compared to negative valence) and the congruent/positive condition (compared to all other conditions) required visual stimuli to be presented significantly earlier than auditory stimuli to be perceived as simultaneous. A subsequent analysis showed a positive correlation between TBW width and RT (as TBW widens, RT increases) for the categories that were furthest from true simultaneity in their PSS (Congruent/Positive and Incongruent/Negative). This study provides new evidence that supports previous research on semantic congruency and presents a novel incorporation of valence into behavioural responses.

先前的研究发现,语义,刺激的更高层次的意义,可以影响多感觉整合;然而,人们对效价的影响知之甚少,效价是对刺激的一种情感反应。本研究通过反应时间(RT)和时间顺序判断(TOJ)任务(评估处理速度(RT)、主观同时性点(PSS)和多感觉刺激可能同时被感知的时间窗口(时间绑定窗口;TBW)]。通过一项有40名参与者(平均年龄:26.25岁;女性= 17),我们发现一致性和效价对RT均有显著的主效应(一致性和正价降低RT)和交互效应(一致性/正价条件显著快于其他条件)。对于TOJ,效价的主效应和交互效应显著,其中正效价(与负效价相比)和一致/积极条件(与所有其他条件相比)要求视觉刺激的呈现明显早于听觉刺激,才能被认为是同时出现的。随后的分析显示,在PSS中距离真实同时性最远的类别(一致/积极和不一致/消极)中,TBW宽度与RT之间存在正相关(随着TBW变宽,RT增加)。本研究提供了新的证据,支持先前的研究语义一致性,并提出了一种新的结合价行为反应。
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引用次数: 1
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