Child Abuse & Neglect最新文献

Risk or opportunity? Child protection workers' perceptions of children's participation in the protection system. 风险还是机遇？儿童保护工作者对儿童参与保护系统的看法。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107110

Hanita Kosher, Carmit Katz

Background: Over the last decade, children's right to participation in the child protection system has received considerable professional and researcher attention. Child protection workers (CPW) are key in facilitating children's participation in this system. Nevertheless, studies consistently show they find it difficult to implement the right to participation in their practice.

Objectives: The current study examines the perceptions and practices of child protection social workers regarding children's participation, with special emphasis on the assessment and investigation phase. Specifically, the study addresses the issue of talking with children in this initial phase of the intervention.

Method: Ninety-four CPWs were examined using both closed- and open-ended questions.

Results: First, the study identified some crucial barriers to children's participation in the child protection system in general, and regarding the assessment and investigation phase in particular. Second, a relationship between the perceptions of the CPWs and the implementation of children's right to participate in practice was found. Specifically, the more the workers had negative perceptions of children's participation, the less likely they were to talk to the child in the assessment and investigation phase.

Conclusions: These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for educating child protection social workers on the importance of child participation in practice.

背景：在过去十年中，儿童参与儿童保护系统的权利受到了专业人士和研究人员的广泛关注。儿童保护工作者（CPW）是促进儿童参与该系统的关键。然而，研究一致表明，他们在实践中很难落实儿童的参与权：本研究探讨了儿童保护社会工作者在儿童参与方面的看法和做法，尤其侧重于评估和调查阶段。具体而言，本研究探讨了在干预的初始阶段与儿童交谈的问题：方法：使用封闭式和开放式问题对 94 名儿童保护社工进行了调查：首先，研究发现了儿童参与儿童保护系统的一些关键障碍，特别是在评估和调查阶段。其次，研究发现了儿童保护工作者的看法与在实践中落实儿童参与权之间的关系。具体而言，工作人员对儿童参与的负面看法越多，他们在评估和调查阶段与儿童交谈的可能性就越小：这些研究结果对教育儿童保护社会工作者认识儿童参与实践的重要性的意义进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of refundable state earned income tax credits on foster care entry rate trends 可退还的州所得税抵免对寄养入托率趋势的影响

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107130

Background

Children living in poverty are more likely to enter foster care compared to children not living in poverty. Refundable state Earned Income Tax Credits (EITCs) increase household income and have been shown to reduce the risk of child maltreatment using caregiver-reported and administrative records of child protective services investigations; however, there is limited literature on the impact of refundable state EITCs on foster care entry.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of refundable state EITCs on foster care entry rates at the state-level.

Participants and Setting

Foster care entries among children less than 18 years old in the United States.

Methods

Difference-in-difference analyses using the Callaway and Sant'Anna approach were conducted. Data on EITC refundability was extracted from legislative records and foster care entries were obtained from Kids Count for 2000–2019. State-level policies, including Medicaid expansion, paid family leave, minimum wage, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, were included in the analysis to minimize bias from confounding.

Results

On average, 0.5 fewer children entered foster care (95 % CI: −1.0, −0.1) per 1000 children per year among states that implemented a refundable EITC than there would have been had those states not implemented a refundable EITC. The reduction in foster care entries was not statistically significant until six years after families could first benefit from implementation of a state refundable EITC.

Conclusion

A refundable state EITC reduces the rate of foster care entries. This reduction is statistically significant starting six years after the tax credit is implemented in a state.

背景与非贫困儿童相比，贫困儿童更有可能进入寄养机构。可退还的州收入所得税抵免（EITCs）增加了家庭收入，而且根据护理人员报告和儿童保护服务调查的行政记录显示，EITCs 可以降低儿童遭受虐待的风险；但是，关于可退还的州收入所得税抵免对寄养入托率的影响的文献却很有限。方法采用卡拉韦和桑塔纳方法进行差异分析。从立法记录中提取了有关 EITC 可返还性的数据，并从 2000-2019 年的 Kids Count 中获取了寄养条目。为了最大限度地减少混杂因素造成的偏差，分析中还纳入了州一级的政策，包括医疗补助扩展、带薪家事假、最低工资、贫困家庭临时补助以及营养补助补充计划等。结果在实施可退还 EITC 的州中，与未实施可退还 EITC 的州相比，平均每年每 1000 名儿童中进入寄养机构的人数减少了 0.5 人（95 % CI：-1.0, -0.1）。寄养率的降低在实施州可退税 EITC 使家庭首次受益六年后才具有统计意义。在一个州实施税收抵免六年后，这种减少在统计上才有意义。

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引用次数: 0

Parents differ in their sensitivity to the environment: An investigation of the relationship between socioeconomic status, social support, and child maltreatment risks 父母对环境的敏感度不同：社会经济地位、社会支持与虐待儿童风险之间关系的调查

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107131

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) and social support are widely examined factors of child maltreatment. However, it remains unclear whether these factors influence all parents equally.

Objective

Guided by the environmental sensitivity framework, we examined whether environmental sensitivity, a personality trait describing individuals' susceptibility to external environments, moderates the direct associations of SES and social support with maltreatment risks and their indirect associations via financial stress and psychological distress.

Methods

A total of 612 parents of primary school-aged children completed an online survey measuring their SES, social support, financial stress, psychological distress, environmental sensitivity, and psychological and physical maltreatment. Bayesian structural equation modeling was employed for analysis.

Results

We found that parents' environmental sensitivity moderated the direct association between income sufficiency and psychological maltreatment, as well as the indirect relation between income sufficiency and physical maltreatment via financial stress. Specifically, the negative direct association between income sufficiency and psychological maltreatment was only significant among parents with higher environmental sensitivity. The indirect association between income sufficiency and physical maltreatment was more pronounced among parents with higher environmental sensitivity. Neither the direct nor the indirect associations between social support and psychological or physical maltreatment were moderated by environmental sensitivity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that parents with high environmental sensitivity from low SES backgrounds are at the highest risk of maltreating their children. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing such parents in interventions aimed at preventing child maltreatment.

背景社会经济地位（SES）和社会支持是被广泛研究的儿童虐待因素。目的在环境敏感性框架的指导下，我们研究了环境敏感性（一种描述个体对外部环境易感性的人格特质）是否调节了社会经济地位和社会支持与虐待风险的直接关联，以及它们通过经济压力和心理困扰的间接关联。方法共有 612 名小学学龄儿童的家长完成了一项在线调查，调查内容包括社会经济地位、社会支持、经济压力、心理困扰、环境敏感性以及心理和身体虐待情况。结果我们发现，家长的环境敏感性调节了收入充足与心理虐待之间的直接关系，以及收入充足通过经济压力与身体虐待之间的间接关系。具体来说，收入充足与心理虐待之间的直接负相关只有在环境敏感度较高的父母中才显著。收入充足与身体虐待之间的间接关系在环境敏感度较高的家长中更为明显。社会支持与心理或身体虐待之间的直接或间接关联均不受环境敏感性的调节。这些发现强调了在旨在预防虐待儿童的干预措施中优先考虑这类父母的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Childhood maltreatment associated with adolescent peer networks: Withdrawal, avoidance, and fragmentation 与青少年同伴网络有关的童年虐待：退缩、回避和分裂

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107125

Background

Childhood maltreatment can affect subsequent social relationships, including different facets of peer relationships. Yet, how prior maltreatment shapes adolescents' connections within school peer networks is unclear, despite the rich literature showing the importance of this structural aspect of social integration in adolescence.

Objectives

This study examines how childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect predict adolescent social network structure as withdrawal, avoidance, and fragmentation among peers.

Participants and setting

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Waves I, III, and IV yield a sample of 9154 respondents with valid network data and survey of childhood maltreatment.

Methods

Models using linear regression examine childhood maltreatment predicting withdrawal, avoidance, and fragmentation in adolescent peer networks. Maltreatment is first measured as ever occurring, then separately by maltreatment type.

Results

Results indicate that experiencing any maltreatment leads to withdrawal (lower sociality, B = −0.214, p = 0.008), avoidance (lower popularity, B = −0.222, p = 0.007), and fragmentation (lower cohesion, B = −0.009, p < 0.001). However, different types of maltreatment are associated with different dimensions of peer networks, with only physical neglect impacting all three dimensions.

Conclusions

Experiencing any maltreatment in childhood predicts lower integration in the adolescent peer network structure across three dimensions. However, distinct types of maltreatment relate differently to separate network dimensions, with sexual abuse predicting withdrawal, emotional and physical abuse predicting avoidance and fragmentation, and physical neglect predicting lower integration on all three dimensions.

背景童年时期的虐待会影响青少年以后的社会关系，包括同伴关系的不同方面。本研究探讨了童年时期的身体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待和身体忽视如何预测青少年的社会网络结构，即同伴之间的退缩、回避和分裂。参与者和研究背景全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）第一、第三和第四波的数据，共收集了 9154 名受访者的样本，其中包括有效的网络数据和童年虐待调查。结果结果表明，经历任何虐待都会导致退缩（社交性降低，B = -0.214，p = 0.008）、回避（受欢迎程度降低，B = -0.222，p = 0.007）和分裂（凝聚力降低，B = -0.009，p < 0.001）。然而，不同类型的虐待与同伴网络的不同维度相关联，只有身体上的忽视会对所有三个维度产生影响。然而，不同类型的虐待与不同的网络维度有着不同的关系，性虐待预示着退缩，情感和身体虐待预示着回避和分裂，而身体忽视则预示着所有三个维度的整合度都较低。

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引用次数: 0

Abusive head trauma: Annual medical costs for inpatient care of children managed at a single tertiary care centre in Malaysia 虐待性头部创伤：马来西亚一家三级医疗中心儿童住院治疗的年度医疗费用。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107126

Background

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of traumatic head injury in young children. This study estimated the annual direct medical cost of managing AHT at a single tertiary care centre in Malaysia.

Methods

Criteria were set for categorisation of patients as moderate or severe based on resource utilisation. The two methods used for cost computation were (1) cost estimation based on predefined clinical pathways for case management (2) computation of actual costs using patient-level data from retrospective review of all AHT admissions in 2021. Both methods utilised a combination of activity-based and top-down costing according to availability of reference data. Costs are presented in USD.

Results

Costs for 9 severe and 3 moderate cases in 2021 amounted to $70,532.16, of which 93 % was for severe cases. Cost estimate for moderate cases was $2009.88 while actual costs ranged between $749.37–3115.47 (median $1422.76). Cost estimates of $15,125.76–$17,958.18 for severe cases exceeded actual costs of $2195.57–$13,186.03 (median $7379.40) for severe cases due to shorter-than-expected duration of stay, with only 2 who underwent neurosurgical procedures. Major cost contributors were duration of stay, intensive care, ventilation and neurosurgical procedures.

Conclusion

Cost comparison utilising predefined treatment standards versus actual patient data which reveals major cost determinants enables refinement of budget allocation. Median medical costs for severe cases which exceeded the monthly income ceilings of low- and middle-income households in Malaysia demonstrate the economic burden of AHT, reinforcing the need to invest in prevention.

背景：虐待性头部外伤（AHT）是导致幼儿头部外伤的主要原因。本研究估算了马来西亚一家三级医疗中心每年处理AHT的直接医疗成本：方法：根据资源使用情况将患者分为中度和重度。计算成本的两种方法是：（1）根据病例管理的预定临床路径估算成本；（2）利用 2021 年所有 AHT 住院患者的回顾性数据计算实际成本。这两种方法都根据参考数据的可用性，将基于活动的成本计算和自上而下的成本计算相结合。成本以美元为单位：2021 年 9 例重度病例和 3 例中度病例的成本为 70,532.16 美元，其中 93% 为重度病例的成本。中度病例的估计成本为 2009.88 美元，实际成本为 749.37-3115.47 美元（中位数为 1422.76 美元）。重度病例的成本估算为 15125.76 美元-17958.18 美元，超过了重度病例的实际成本 2195.57 美元-13186.03 美元（中位数为 7379.40 美元），原因是住院时间短于预期，只有 2 人接受了神经外科手术。主要成本因素包括住院时间、重症监护、通气和神经外科手术：结论：利用预先确定的治疗标准与实际患者数据进行成本比较，可以揭示决定成本的主要因素，从而完善预算分配。重症病例的医疗费用中位数超过了马来西亚中低收入家庭的月收入上限，这表明了先天性心脏病给人们带来的经济负担，同时也强调了投资预防的必要性。

{"title":"Abusive head trauma: Annual medical costs for inpatient care of children managed at a single tertiary care centre in Malaysia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of traumatic head injury in young children. This study estimated the annual direct medical cost of managing AHT at a single tertiary care centre in Malaysia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Criteria were set for categorisation of patients as moderate or severe based on resource utilisation. The two methods used for cost computation were (1) cost estimation based on predefined clinical pathways for case management (2) computation of actual costs using patient-level data from retrospective review of all AHT admissions in 2021. Both methods utilised a combination of activity-based and top-down costing according to availability of reference data. Costs are presented in USD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Costs for 9 severe and 3 moderate cases in 2021 amounted to $70,532.16, of which 93 % was for severe cases. Cost estimate for moderate cases was $2009.88 while actual costs ranged between $749.37–3115.47 (median $1422.76). Cost estimates of $15,125.76–$17,958.18 for severe cases exceeded actual costs of $2195.57–$13,186.03 (median $7379.40) for severe cases due to shorter-than-expected duration of stay, with only 2 who underwent neurosurgical procedures. Major cost contributors were duration of stay, intensive care, ventilation and neurosurgical procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cost comparison utilising predefined treatment standards versus actual patient data which reveals major cost determinants enables refinement of budget allocation. Median medical costs for severe cases which exceeded the monthly income ceilings of low- and middle-income households in Malaysia demonstrate the economic burden of AHT, reinforcing the need to invest in prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abuse and neglect correlates of poor mental health among 15-year-old schoolchildren in a southeast European country. 一个东南欧国家 15 岁学龄儿童心理健康状况不佳的虐待和忽视相关因素。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107081

Gentiana Qirjako, Alketa Qosja, Rudina Çumashi, Loreta Kuneshka, Genc Burazeri

Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) constitutes a global public health problem and has serious adverse effects on mental health across the lifespan.

Objective: We assessed the independent CAN correlates of poorer mental health among adolescents in a Southeastern European country.

Participants and setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Albania in 2022 including a nationwide representative sample of 1877 schoolchildren aged 15 years (55 % girls; response: 96 %), in the context of the HBSC survey.

Methods: Data on mental health indices (World Health Organization [WHO]-5 wellbeing index; Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD]-7; self-efficacy) and lifetime CAN (physical, emotional, sexual abuse; emotional neglect; witnessing of family violence) were collected, along with information on schoolchildren's behavioral factors and their sociodemographic characteristics. General linear model and binary logistic regression were used to assess the independent CAN correlates of children's mental health indices.

Results: Irrespective of behavioral factors and sociodemographic characteristics, schoolchildren who reported any type of lifetime CAN exhibited significantly poorer mental health scores than those who were never abused or neglected. The strongest associations concerned emotional abuse and/or neglect, which were also highly statistically significant (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions: We obtained evidence on independent, strong, and consistent associations between poorer mental health and an array of lifetime CAN indices among 15-year-old children in post-communist Albania. Our findings emphasize the critical need for targeted interventions and support systems to address the possible consequences of CAN on mental wellbeing of adolescents worldwide. In particular, there is need for enhancing primary prevention of CAN.

背景：虐待和忽视儿童（CAN）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，对整个生命周期的心理健康都有严重的负面影响：我们评估了东南欧国家青少年心理健康较差与 CAN 的独立相关性：我们于 2022 年在阿尔巴尼亚开展了一项横断面研究，在 HBSC 调查的背景下，对全国范围内具有代表性的 1877 名 15 岁在校学生（55% 为女生；回复率：96%）进行了抽样调查：方法：收集有关心理健康指数（世界卫生组织 [WHO]-5 幸福指数；广泛性焦虑症 [GAD]-7 ；自我效能）和终生 CAN（身体、情感和性虐待；情感忽视；目睹家庭暴力）的数据，以及有关学童行为因素和社会人口特征的信息。采用一般线性模型和二元逻辑回归评估儿童心理健康指数的独立 CAN 相关因素：结果：无论行为因素和社会人口特征如何，与从未遭受过虐待或忽视的儿童相比，报告过任何类型的终生 CAN 的学龄儿童的心理健康得分明显较低。与情感虐待和/或忽视有关的关联性最强，在统计学上也非常显著（均为 P 结论）：我们获得的证据表明，在后共产主义时代的阿尔巴尼亚，15 岁儿童较差的心理健康与一系列终生 CAN 指数之间存在独立、强烈且一致的关联。我们的研究结果表明，亟需采取有针对性的干预措施和建立支持系统，以应对 CAN 可能对全球青少年心理健康造成的影响。特别是，需要加强 CAN 的初级预防。

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引用次数: 0

Sleep and adjustment in foster environments for toddlers and preschoolers (SAFE-T): Initial efficacy of a trauma-informed sleep intervention for young children in foster care. 寄养环境中幼儿和学龄前儿童的睡眠与适应（SAFE-T）：针对寄养环境中幼儿的创伤性睡眠干预的初步效果。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107083

Candice A Alfano, Megan E Rech, Sirine Harmouch, Matthew W Gallagher, Yuexin Zhang

Background: This study presents findings from a randomized controlled trial of Sleep and Adjustment in Foster Environments for Toddlers and Preschoolers (SAFE-T), a telehealth-delivered, trauma-informed sleep intervention for children in or adopted from foster care.

Methods: N = 45 caregivers of children aged 2 to 5 years (M = 4.01; SD = 1.04) were randomized to SAFE-T or Sleep Education Support (SES), an active control condition. Assessments, including one-week parent-report sleep diaries, were completed at pre- intervention, post- intervention, and 3 months follow-up.

Results: Results indicated improvements in multiple sleep outcomes at post-intervention and three months later, including nighttime sleep duration, nighttime awakenings, and overall sleep problems in the SAFE-T group only. Sleep-based improvements were largely maintained or strengthened over time. Several secondary outcomes, including child emotional and behavior problems and parenting stress, also improved considerably in the SAFE-T but not the SES group.

Conclusions: Findings suggest SAFE-T to be a promising intervention for improving sleep health among children currently or previously placed in foster care.

研究背景本研究介绍了 "幼儿和学龄前儿童寄养环境中的睡眠与适应"（SAFE-T）随机对照试验的结果：N = 45 名 2 至 5 岁儿童的照顾者（M = 4.01；SD = 1.04）被随机分配到 SAFE-T 或睡眠教育支持（SES）（一种积极的对照条件）。在干预前、干预后和 3 个月的随访中完成了评估，包括为期一周的家长报告睡眠日记：结果：结果表明，在干预后和三个月后，SAFE-T 组的多种睡眠结果均有所改善，包括夜间睡眠时间、夜间觉醒和总体睡眠问题。随着时间的推移，睡眠方面的改善基本得以保持或加强。一些次要结果，包括儿童情绪和行为问题以及养育压力，在SAFE-T组也有显著改善，但在SES组则没有：研究结果表明，SAFE-T 是一项很有前景的干预措施，可改善目前或之前被寄养儿童的睡眠健康状况。

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引用次数: 0

Examining adolescents' experiences of distress when participating in research on well-being and early life adversity. 研究青少年在参与幸福和早期生活逆境研究时的痛苦经历。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107099

Ashley Stewart-Tufescu, Janique Fortier, Samantha Salmon, Tamara L Taillieu, Isabel Garces-Davila, Tracie O Afifi

Rationale: Most child well-being and childhood adversity research is informed by proxy informants such as parents or teachers rather than children and youth. This may be due to concerns about perceived sensitivity, challenges accessing and engaging with children in research, ethical considerations, and apprehensions about causing undue harm and distress. This study aimed to understand adolescents' identification of, and reactions to, questions in the context of participating in a survey of well-being and adversity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of how adolescents identify and respond to potentially upsetting questions about well-being and life experiences, including childhood adversity.

Method: Data were from 1002 adolescent respondents aged 14 to 17 years. The Well-being and Experiences (WE) survey assessed several domains of life, including general health and well-being and early life adversity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, and thematic analysis approaches.

Results: Few adolescent respondents reported feeling upset when completing the survey (11.2 %). Among those who reported feeling upset, 92.0 % indicated that it was still important to ask those upsetting questions, and only two respondents (1.8 %) thought upsetting questions should be removed. Ten themes emerged from the adolescents' reflections on self-reported upsetting questions, including identity and life satisfaction, motivation, mental health, and school; childhood adversity was not primarily identified.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that conducting research on well-being and childhood adversity directly with adolescents is feasible and minimally distressing. Future research should consider how to engage youth directly in research to understand better the scope and outcomes associated with childhood adversity.

理由大多数儿童福祉和童年逆境研究都是由家长或教师等代理信息提供者而不是儿童和青少年提供信息。这可能是出于对敏感性的考虑、在研究中接触和接触儿童所面临的挑战、伦理方面的考虑以及对造成不当伤害和困扰的担忧。本研究旨在了解青少年在参与幸福与逆境调查时对问题的识别和反应：本研究旨在加深我们对青少年如何识别和应对有关幸福和生活经历（包括童年逆境）的可能令人不安的问题的了解：数据来自 1002 名 14 至 17 岁的青少年受访者。幸福与经历（WE）调查评估了多个生活领域，包括一般健康和幸福以及早期生活逆境。数据分析采用了描述性统计、逻辑回归模型和主题分析等方法：很少有青少年受访者表示在填写调查问卷时感到不安（11.2%）。在那些表示感到不安的受访者中，92.0%的人表示提出这些令人不安的问题仍然很重要，只有两名受访者（1.8%）认为应该取消令人不安的问题。青少年对自我报告的令人不安的问题的反思产生了十个主题，包括身份认同和生活满意度、动机、心理健康和学校；童年逆境不是主要的主题：研究结果表明，直接与青少年一起开展有关幸福感和童年逆境的研究是可行的，而且对青少年造成的困扰最小。未来的研究应考虑如何让青少年直接参与研究，以更好地了解与童年逆境相关的范围和结果。

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引用次数: 0

Intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment exposure, mother-offspring relationship quality, and adult romantic attachment in emerging adults 儿童遭受虐待的代际连续性、母亲与后代的关系质量以及成年后的浪漫依恋

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107120

Background

Child maltreatment (CM; sexual and physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence) is a prevalent and harmful public health problem, with severe consequences for children's physical, psychological, and social development. CM exposure has been found to recur in families, indicating intergenerational continuity, which may stem from attachment-related factors.

Objective

This study aimed to examine whether mothers' CM exposure is associated with attachment insecurity in their emerging adult offspring, through the emerging adult's CM exposure and mother-emerging adult relationship quality.

Participants and setting

A sample of 139 mother-emerging adult dyads were recruited across Canada.

Methods

Participants completed an online survey documenting CM exposure, attachment, and relationship quality. A sequential mediation model was tested.

Results

An indirect association was found for mother's CM exposure with emerging adult romantic attachment anxiety, through emerging adult's CM exposure and mother-emerging adult relationship quality (β = 0.02, p = .036), and with romantic attachment avoidance through emerging adult CM exposure alone (β = 0.03, p = .047). Findings suggest that mothers reporting greater CM exposure tended to have offspring reporting greater CM exposure, which was negatively associated with mother-emerging adult relationship quality, and in turn greater emerging adult romantic attachment insecurity.

Conclusions

Future research should replicate these findings using dyadic modeling with larger samples and longitudinal data. Policies increasing the accessibility of individual and group interventions for emerging adults and their parents who experienced CM are needed, particularly targeting interpersonal functioning, which may increase their social resources and reduce revictimization risk.

背景儿童虐待（CM；性虐待和身体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和亲密伴侣暴力）是一个普遍存在且有害的公共健康问题，对儿童的身体、心理和社会发展造成严重后果。本研究旨在通过新成人的 CM 暴露和母亲与新成人的关系质量，研究母亲的 CM 暴露是否与新成人后代的依恋不安全感相关。结果通过新兴成人的 CM 暴露和母亲与新兴成人的关系质量（β = 0.02，p = 0.036），发现母亲的 CM 暴露与新兴成人的浪漫依恋焦虑有间接关系；通过新兴成人的 CM 暴露，发现母亲的 CM 暴露与浪漫依恋回避有间接关系（β = 0.03，p = 0.047）。研究结果表明，母亲报告了更多的CM暴露，其后代往往也报告了更多的CM暴露，这与母亲与新成人的关系质量呈负相关，进而导致新成人的浪漫依恋更不安全。有必要制定政策，增加对经历过婚姻危机的新成人及其父母进行个人和集体干预的机会，尤其是针对人际功能的干预，这可能会增加他们的社会资源并降低再次受害的风险。

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引用次数: 0

The Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM): A measure of early adversity and its severity 逆境综合测量（CAM）：早期逆境及其严重程度的测量方法

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107117

Background

Early adversity scales often display insufficient content coverage and typically assess the presence of adversity, but not its severity.

Objective

To address some of these limitations, we developed the 13-item Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale. We subsequently revised and expanded the scale regarding content coverage and item wording, resulting in a 22-item version, which we here describe.

Methods

We conducted one cross-sectional (N = 1498; 43.9 % females; 24.42 years, SD = 3.72, range: 18–30 years) and one longitudinal study (N = 1084; 39.6 % females; 32 years, SD = 10.49, range: 18–75 years). To reflect the nature of the revised measure more accurately, it was named the Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM).

Results

Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor model for both the presence/absence and the severity facet, which both displayed good model fit in subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. Factor models demonstrated at least scalar measurement invariance across gender and country (US/UK). Correlations with psychological distress, depression, anxiety, substance use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, suicide attempts, rumination, social comparison, self-esteem, and quality of life provided evidence in support of construct validity – concurrently and prospectively.

Conclusions

The CAM offers a psychometrically-sound, content-wise comprehensive, and free to use assessment of early adversity.

背景早期逆境量表的内容覆盖面往往不足，而且通常只评估逆境的存在，而不评估逆境的严重程度。方法我们进行了一项横断面研究（N = 1498；43.9% 为女性；24.42 岁，SD = 3.72，年龄范围：18-30 岁）和一项纵向研究（N = 1084；39.6% 为女性；32 岁，SD = 10.49，年龄范围：18-75 岁）。结果探索性因素分析表明，存在/不存在面和严重性面均为单因素模型，在随后的确认性因素分析中均显示出良好的模型拟合度。因子模型在不同性别和国家（美国/英国）之间至少表现出标度测量不变量。CAM与心理困扰、抑郁、焦虑、药物使用、创伤后应激症状、强迫症状、自杀企图、反刍、社会比较、自尊和生活质量之间的相关性证明了建构有效性--同时性和前瞻性。

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引用次数: 0