Child Abuse & Neglect最新文献_第5页

Prenatal cannabis exposure and the risk of subsequent maltreatment 产前大麻暴露和随后遭受虐待的风险。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107175

Joseph P. Ryan , Lauren Oshman , Christopher J. Frank , Brian Perron , Bryan Victor , Vivek Sankaran

Background

Parental substance use can increase the risk of child maltreatment.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess racial bias in newborn drug testing and to investigate the association between prenatal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure and subsequent child maltreatment.

Participants and Setting.

This retrospective cohort study (n = 35,437) linked University of Michigan Hospital birth data and Michigan Department of Health and Human Services child maltreatment data relative to a 2018 policy change. Prior to 2018, prenatal THC exposure was routinely substantiated as physical abuse; after 2018 THC exposure was investigated but not automatically substantiated.

Methods

We defined prenatal THC exposure as a positive newborn meconium drug test for THC. The primary outcome was a substantiated Child Protective Services (CPS) report of maltreatment before and after the policy change. Demographic variables included parent age, race, ethnicity, zip code and insurance type. Covariates included prenatal urine drug test orders and results, and newborn drug test orders and results. Regression models estimated the rate of subsequent maltreatment and racial disparities associated with newborn testing.

Results

Regression analyses indicated that Black and multiracial newborns were significantly more likely to be tested for substance exposure at birth. Newborns with a test positive for THC only were not more likely to experience maltreatment after the policy change as compared with newborns that tested negative and newborns not tested.

Conclusions

The evidence strongly supports a policy to end routine CPS investigations for cannabis exposure and eliminate racially biased drug testing practices.

背景：父母使用药物会增加虐待儿童的风险：父母使用药物会增加儿童遭受虐待的风险：本研究旨在评估新生儿药物检测中的种族偏见，并调查产前四氢大麻酚（THC）暴露与随后的儿童虐待之间的关联：这项回顾性队列研究（n = 35,437）将密歇根大学医院的出生数据与密歇根州卫生与公众服务部的儿童虐待数据联系起来，与 2018 年的政策变化相关。2018 年之前，产前四氢大麻酚暴露被例行证实为身体虐待；2018 年之后，四氢大麻酚暴露被调查但不自动证实：我们将产前四氢大麻酚暴露定义为新生儿胎粪中四氢大麻酚药物检测呈阳性。主要结果是政策变更前后儿童保护服务机构（CPS）证实的虐待报告。人口统计学变量包括父母的年龄、种族、民族、邮编和保险类型。协变量包括产前尿液药物检测指令和结果，以及新生儿药物检测指令和结果。回归模型估算了与新生儿检测相关的后续虐待率和种族差异：回归分析表明，黑人和多种族新生儿在出生时接受药物暴露检测的可能性明显更高。与检测结果呈阴性的新生儿和未接受检测的新生儿相比，仅四氢大麻酚检测呈阳性的新生儿在政策改变后遭受虐待的可能性并不大：这些证据有力地支持了一项政策，即终止针对大麻接触的常规 CPS 调查，并消除带有种族偏见的药物检测做法。

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引用次数: 0

An examination of the effect of area-level characteristics on juvenile justice and child welfare referrals using multivariate Bayesian spatial modeling 利用多元贝叶斯空间模型研究区域特征对青少年司法和儿童福利转诊的影响。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107203

Gia E. Barboza-Salerno , Holly Thurston , Yujeong Chang , Charis Stanek

Background

Neighborhood disadvantage is linked to a higher risk of referrals to child welfare and juvenile justice systems. While past research has explored these associations independently, no study has concurrently examined the spatial overlap of child maltreatment and juvenile justice involvement.

Objective

We examine the spatial overlap of involvement in juvenile justice and child welfare systems to identify areas of shared risk.

Participants and setting

Youth who received either a juvenile justice or child welfare referral in New Mexico between 2008 and 2015 aggregated to census tracts.

Methods

We examined the spatial overlap of child welfare and juvenile justice involvement using multivariate Bayesian spatial modeling.

Results

Results show a significant positive association between juvenile justice and child maltreatment referrals across neighborhoods. After adjusting for residential instability, immigrant concentration, and residential racial segregation, children in the least deprived 20 % of neighborhoods were 95.2 % and 55.5 % less likely to be referred to child welfare or justice systems, respectively, compared to those in the most deprived 20 %.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the value of geospatial analyses to guide public health interventions by targeting the shared overlapping risk factors associated with neighborhoods with high risk for both child welfare and juvenile justice system involvement.

背景：邻里劣势与转介到儿童福利和少年司法系统的风险较高有关。虽然过去的研究已经独立地探讨了这些关联，但没有研究同时考察了儿童虐待和少年司法参与的空间重叠。目的：我们研究参与少年司法和儿童福利系统的空间重叠，以确定共同风险的领域。参与者和环境：2008年至2015年间在新墨西哥州接受少年司法或儿童福利转介的青少年汇总到人口普查区。方法：采用多元贝叶斯空间模型对儿童福利与少年司法介入的空间重叠进行研究。结果：结果显示青少年司法与儿童虐待转诊之间存在显著的正相关关系。在对居住不稳定、移民集中和居住种族隔离进行调整后，与最贫困的20%社区的儿童相比，最贫困的20%社区的儿童被转到儿童福利或司法系统的可能性分别降低了95.2%和55.5%。结论：我们的研究结果强调了地理空间分析对指导公共卫生干预的价值，通过针对与儿童福利和少年司法系统参与高风险社区相关的共同重叠风险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the relationships between complex post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in the context of childhood maltreatment through network analysis 通过网络分析探讨儿童虐待背景下复杂创伤后应激障碍与抑郁症状的关系。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107215

Wenzhou Lin, Aiyi Liu, Xinchun Wu, Mingxiao Liu

Background

Individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment commonly experience the co-occurrence of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and depression, but the underlying mechanisms of their comorbidities remain unclear.

Methods

We recruited 2740 college students, including 1366 who experienced childhood maltreatment to assess the co-occurrence network of CPTSD and depression symptoms. We constructed a Gaussian graphical model to visualize the associations between symptoms and a directed acyclic graph to explore inferred relationships among symptoms.

Results

(1) We identified the following five subnetworks within the co-occurring network of CPTSD and depression symptoms: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disturbance in self-organization (DSO), depression with vegetative symptoms, depression with interpersonal problems, and lack of positive affect subnetworks. (2) Core symptoms, identified by their high expected influence, such as sadness, low spirits, and not feeling loved have the highest EI in the depression subnetwork, whereas failure, distant, avoiding clues, and avoiding thoughts have the highest EI in the DSO and PTSD subnetworks. Bridging symptoms in the childhood maltreatment network included failure, self-denial, startlement, and hyperactivity. (3) The inferred mechanism identified includes PTSD activating DSO, which subsequently triggers depression in the childhood maltreatment network.

Limitations

This study involved a non-clinical sample.

Conclusion

Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of CPTSD and depression co-occurrence at a transdiagnostic level and has implications for better clinical interventions targeting influential symptoms.

背景：有童年虐待史的个体通常会同时出现复杂的创伤后应激障碍（CPTSD）和抑郁症，但其合并症的潜在机制尚不清楚。方法：招募2740名大学生，其中1366名曾遭受童年虐待的大学生，评估ptsd与抑郁症状的共现网络。我们构建了一个高斯图形模型来可视化症状之间的关联，并构建了一个有向无环图来探索症状之间的推断关系。结果：(1)在CPTSD与抑郁症状共发生的网络中，我们确定了以下五个子网络：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、自组织障碍（DSO）、植物性抑郁、人际关系问题抑郁和缺乏积极情绪子网络。(2)在抑郁子网络中，以高期望影响为特征的核心症状（如悲伤、情绪低落、感觉不到被爱）的EI最高，而在DSO和PTSD子网络中，以失败、疏远、回避线索和回避想法的EI最高。儿童虐待网络中的桥接症状包括失败、自我否定、惊吓和多动。(3) PTSD激活DSO， DSO随后触发儿童虐待网络中的抑郁。局限性：本研究涉及非临床样本。结论：我们的研究有助于在跨诊断水平上更深入地了解CPTSD和抑郁症共发的机制，并对更好地针对有影响的症状进行临床干预具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence and correlates of sibling bullying victimisation in early adolescence: An investigation of over 30,000 adolescents in 18 countries 青少年早期兄弟姐妹欺凌受害的普遍性及其相关性：一项对18个国家30,000多名青少年的调查。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107211

Umar Toseeb, Emre Deniz, Nathalie Noret

Background

Sibling bullying is a common childhood experience. Recent studies have shown that correlates of sibling bullying are proximal and distal. However, a lack of cross-cultural understanding still exists on the prevalence and protective factors of sibling bullying.

Objective

The objective of the current study was to examine the prevalence of sibling bullying and investigate whether positive environments protect against sibling bullying victimisation in 18 countries.

Participants and setting

We analysed existing data from an international study of over 30,000 adolescents aged 10 and 12 years old, the Children's World Survey.

Methods

Adolescents reported physical and verbal sibling bullying victimisation experiences and the positive aspects of their home, neighbourhood, and school environments. Regression models were fitted to investigate whether individual- and country-level positive home, neighbourhood, and school environments are associated with sibling bullying victimisation.

Results

On average, the prevalence of sibling bullying victimisation was 28 %; 1 in 4 adolescents were physically hurt or called unkind names more than three times in the last month by a sibling (excluding fighting or play fighting). The prevalence varied by country; ranging from 9 %–59 %. Whilst, on the whole, individual-level positive home, neighbourhood, and school environments were associated with reduced sibling bullying victimisation (odds ratios, 0.68–0.85), these effects differed for each country. Country-level positive environments were not associated with sibling bullying victimisation.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that improving adolescents' home, neighbourhood, and school environments might serve to reduce sibling bullying victimisation.

背景：兄弟姐妹欺凌是一种常见的童年经历。最近的研究表明，兄弟姐妹欺凌的相关因素是近端和远端。然而，对兄弟姐妹欺凌的流行和保护因素仍然缺乏跨文化的理解。目的：本研究的目的是调查18个国家中兄弟姐妹欺凌的流行程度，并调查积极的环境是否能防止兄弟姐妹欺凌的受害者。参与者和环境：我们分析了来自3万多名10至12岁青少年的国际研究的现有数据，即儿童世界调查。方法：青少年报告了身体和语言上的兄弟姐妹欺凌受害经历以及他们的家庭、社区和学校环境的积极方面。回归模型用于调查个人和国家层面的积极家庭、社区和学校环境是否与兄弟姐妹欺凌受害有关。结果：兄弟姐妹欺凌受害者的平均发生率为28%；四分之一的青少年在上个月被兄弟姐妹身体伤害或辱骂三次以上（不包括打架或玩耍打架）。流行程度因国家而异；范围为9% - 59%。虽然总体而言，个人层面的积极的家庭、社区和学校环境与减少兄弟姐妹欺凌受害者有关（优势比为0.68-0.85），但这些影响在每个国家都有所不同。国家层面的积极环境与兄弟姐妹欺凌受害者无关。结论：这些发现表明，改善青少年的家庭、社区和学校环境可能有助于减少兄弟姐妹欺凌的受害。

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引用次数: 0

Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology in psychiatric inpatients 早期适应不良图式在精神科住院患者儿童虐待与成人精神病理之间的中介作用。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107238

Zahra Azadfar , Gina Rossi , Eva Dierckx , Jesse Duenas , Carmen Diaz-Batanero , Katrien Schoevaerts , Hendrik Peuskens , Els Santens , Els Pauwels , An Haekens , Kris Baetens

Background

Early maladaptive schemas are well-established mechanisms between childhood maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) and psychopathology in adulthood. However, research has not yet examined the unique contribution of childhood maltreatment, while controlling for the family dysfunction-related experiences, in shaping specific EMS domains and their associations with distinct psychopathological outcomes.

Objective

Our aim was to examine the unique role of childhood maltreatment, while controlling for the effects of family dysfunction on early maladaptive schemas and subsequently on personality disorders and psychological distress using structural equation modelling and network analysis.

Methods

A total of 2,011 unique inpatients aged 18 to 80 years (M = 39.7, SD = 14.18; 53.4% women) admitted to the Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen Psychiatric Hospital between 2011 and 2021 were included in this study. Self-report questionnaires were completed as part of the hospital admission process. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and network analysis.

Results

The results showed positive associations between childhood maltreatment, family dysfunction, early maladaptive schema domains, symptoms of personality disorders, and psychological distress. Accounting for the effects of family dysfunction-related experiences, early maladaptive schema played a significant mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and psychopathological outcomes. The results highlighted the central role of the domains disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance for personality disorders and psychological distress. There were no significant gender-specific differences in the network of relationships between the variables.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the key role of EMS in the domains of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance in the association between childhood maltreatment and personality pathology and psychological distress in psychiatric inpatients. Clinical implications, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

{"title":"Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between childhood maltreatment and adult psychopathology in psychiatric inpatients","authors":"Zahra Azadfar , Gina Rossi , Eva Dierckx , Jesse Duenas , Carmen Diaz-Batanero , Katrien Schoevaerts , Hendrik Peuskens , Els Santens , Els Pauwels , An Haekens , Kris Baetens","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early maladaptive schemas are well-established mechanisms between childhood maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) and psychopathology in adulthood. However, research has not yet examined the unique contribution of childhood maltreatment, while controlling for the family dysfunction-related experiences, in shaping specific EMS domains and their associations with distinct psychopathological outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim was to examine the unique role of childhood maltreatment, while controlling for the effects of family dysfunction on early maladaptive schemas and subsequently on personality disorders and psychological distress using structural equation modelling and network analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 2,011 unique inpatients aged 18 to 80 years (M = 39.7, SD = 14.18; 53.4% women) admitted to the Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen Psychiatric Hospital between 2011 and 2021 were included in this study. Self-report questionnaires were completed as part of the hospital admission process. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and network analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed positive associations between childhood maltreatment, family dysfunction, early maladaptive schema domains, symptoms of personality disorders, and psychological distress. Accounting for the effects of family dysfunction-related experiences, early maladaptive schema played a significant mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and psychopathological outcomes. The results highlighted the central role of the domains disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance for personality disorders and psychological distress. There were no significant gender-specific differences in the network of relationships between the variables.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate the key role of EMS in the domains of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance in the association between childhood maltreatment and personality pathology and psychological distress in psychiatric inpatients. Clinical implications, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on early adolescent sleep disturbances for youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences 种族、民族和社会经济地位对接触不良童年经历的青少年早期睡眠障碍的影响

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107236

Thea Senger-Carpenter , Terri Voepel-Lewis , Sarah A. Stoddard , Anao Zhang , Monica R. Ordway

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may increase the risk for adolescent sleep disturbances, though the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear.

Objective

We sought to determine the direct and moderating impact of race, ethnicity, family SES, and community SES on sleep disturbances across early adolescence for ACE-exposed youth.

Participants and setting

This secondary analysis used longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data (2016–2022) from youth who experienced ≥1 ACE by age 9–10 years.

Methods

Clinically significant sleep disturbances were identified from the annual parent-reported Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children. Parents reported youths' race, ethnicity, family SES, and community SES at baseline. Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modeling examined the impact of race, ethnicity, and SES on sleep disturbances over four years among ACE-exposed youth. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals are presented (adj. OR [95 % CI]).

Results

Among 6661 youth with ACE exposure, 2402 (36.1 %) had clinically significant sleep disturbances at baseline. Multiracial (versus White) youth were 27 % likelier to have clinically significant sleep disturbances over time (adj. OR 1.27 [95 % CI 1.01, 1.59]). Similar results were found for youth exposed to ≥2 family financial adversities (adj. OR 1.50 [95 % CI 1.19, 1.90]). There were no effects of community SES, nor interaction effects of race, ACEs, or SES on sleep disturbances.

Conclusion

While Multiracial youth may experience additional stressors which affect sleep disturbances, regularly assessing family environments and supporting all families to meet basic needs may positively impact adolescent sleep.

背景：不良的童年经历（ace）可能会增加青少年睡眠障碍的风险，尽管种族、民族和社会经济地位（SES）的影响尚不清楚。目的：我们试图确定种族、民族、家庭经济地位和社区经济地位对ace暴露青少年青春期早期睡眠障碍的直接和调节影响。参与者和环境：这项二次分析使用了9-10岁时经历≥1次ACE的青少年的纵向青少年大脑认知发展研究®数据（2016-2022）。方法：从每年家长报告的儿童睡眠障碍量表中确定有临床意义的睡眠障碍。父母报告青少年的种族、民族、家庭社会经济地位和社区社会经济地位作为基线。多水平混合效应logistic回归模型检验了种族、民族和社会经济地位对四年内ace暴露青少年睡眠障碍的影响。校正后的优势比为95%置信区间（OR [95% CI]）。结果：在6661名ACE暴露的青少年中，2402名（36.1%）在基线时有临床显著的睡眠障碍。随着时间的推移，多种族青年（与白人相比）出现临床显著睡眠障碍的可能性为27%（比值比1.27 [95% CI 1.01, 1.59]）。暴露于≥2个家庭财务逆境的青少年也发现了类似的结果（OR为1.50 [95% CI为1.19,1.90]）。没有社会经济地位的影响，也没有种族、ace或社会经济地位对睡眠障碍的相互作用。结论：虽然多种族青少年可能会经历影响睡眠障碍的额外压力源，但定期评估家庭环境并支持所有家庭满足基本需求可能会对青少年睡眠产生积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

US state minimum wages and rates of maltreatment-related death among children 美国各州最低工资和儿童虐待相关死亡率。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107227

Krista Neumann , Stephanie Veazie , Susan M. Mason , Jennifer Ahern , Corinne A. Riddell

Background

The number of U.S. deaths due to child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has been increasing over several years. Policy-level interventions that increase household income may be effective interventions for lowering child maltreatment death rates.

Objective

To estimate the effect of state-level minimum wages on child maltreatment-related mortality and assess heterogeneity by race and ethnicity.

Participants and setting

24,025 child maltreatment-related deaths in U.S. children under 5 years old between 2000 and 2019 were identified via death certificates using International Classification of Diseases codes that (1) identified abuse explicitly and (2) identified injuries predictive of maltreatment (“proxy codes”). State-year maltreatment-related deaths were divided by under-5 population estimates to obtain death rates.

Methods

Incidence rate differences (IRD) of the effect of a $1 increase in effective minimum wage on child maltreatment-related death rates, were estimated via a linear regression with state and year fixed effects, robust standard errors, population weights, and appropriate confounder adjustment. Heterogeneity in effect by race and ethnicity was examined using stratified models.

Results

Fully adjusted estimates using combined explicit and proxy codes were close to the null [IRD: −0.05 deaths per 100,000 children overall, 95%CI: (−0.25, 0.16)], with slight, if imprecise, protective estimates among non-Hispanic Black children [IRD: −0.60 deaths per 100,000 children, 95%CI: (−1.28, 0.08)].

Conclusions

This study did not find compelling evidence of a link between minimum wages and child maltreatment-related mortality. Future research should explore other potential policy levers as potential child maltreatment interventions.

背景：近年来，美国因儿童虐待（虐待和忽视）而死亡的人数一直在增加。增加家庭收入的政策层面干预措施可能是降低儿童受虐待死亡率的有效干预措施。目的：评估州一级最低工资对儿童虐待相关死亡率的影响，并评估种族和民族的异质性。参与者和环境：2000年至2019年期间，美国5岁以下儿童中与虐待相关的死亡人数为24,025人，通过使用国际疾病分类代码(1)明确识别虐待，(2)识别可预测虐待的伤害（“代理代码”）的死亡证明进行了识别。各州年度与虐待有关的死亡人数除以5岁以下人口估计数，得出死亡率。方法：提高1美元有效最低工资对儿童虐待相关死亡率影响的发生率差异（IRD），通过包含州和年份固定效应、稳健标准误差、人口权重和适当混杂因素调整的线性回归估计。使用分层模型检验种族和民族影响的异质性。结果：使用显性编码和代理编码相结合的完全调整估计接近零值[IRD：每10万名儿童中-0.05例死亡，95%CI:(-0.25, 0.16)]，非西班牙裔黑人儿童中有轻微的保护性估计[IRD：每10万名儿童中-0.60例死亡，95%CI:(-1.28, 0.08)]。结论：本研究没有发现令人信服的证据表明最低工资与儿童虐待相关死亡率之间存在联系。未来的研究应该探索其他潜在的政策杠杆作为潜在的儿童虐待干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

How school and community supports influence psychosocial outcomes of children experiencing emotional maltreatment 学校和社区支持如何影响遭受情感虐待儿童的社会心理结果。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107174

Karissa DiMarzio , Megan Hare , Michaela Sisitsky , Geraldine Cadet , Suggizett Satoba , Justin Parent

Background

Research has shown that experiences of emotional maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and neglect) can compromise children's development. However, less work has been done to further our understanding of protective factors, which would serve to inform how we can best assist families at risk of emotional maltreatment and strengthen children's resilience.

Objective

The current study evaluates whether school and/or community supports moderate relations between emotional abuse or neglect and child psychosocial health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems).

Participants and setting

Participants included youth (N = 3475, 48 % female) and their primary caregivers, a majority of whom identified as biological mothers (68.5 %). Data were from the Future of Family and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal investigation of youths' health and development from across the United States.

Methods

Data from Waves 5 and 6 were analyzed for this study. Four longitudinal path analyses were conducted to evaluate associations in a moderation model in which school (i.e., school climate and school connectedness) and community supports (i.e., community cohesion and extracurricular involvement) were observed as possible moderators of the relation between emotional maltreatment and psychosocial outcomes.

Results

School climate emerged as a significant moderator, such that a more supportive school climate buffered the detrimental impact of emotional neglect on youth externalizing problems. No other significant moderating effects were observed.

Conclusion

Although only one significant interaction was observed in the current study, findings help support the importance of social supports outside the home environment in promoting resilience and youths' healthy psychosocial functioning.

背景：研究表明，情感虐待（即情感虐待和忽视）的经历会损害儿童的发展。然而，在进一步了解保护因素方面所做的工作却很少，这将有助于我们了解如何最好地帮助面临情感虐待风险的家庭并增强儿童的适应能力。目的：本研究评估学校和/或社区是否支持情绪虐待或忽视与儿童心理社会健康（即内化和外化问题）之间的适度关系。参与者和环境：参与者包括青年（N = 3475, 48%女性）和他们的主要照顾者，其中大多数被确定为亲生母亲（68.5%）。数据来自“未来家庭和儿童福利研究”，这是一项对美国各地青少年健康和发展的纵向调查。方法：对第5波和第6波的资料进行分析。在一个调节模型中，学校（即学校气候和学校连通性）和社区支持（即社区凝聚力和课外参与）被观察到可能是情绪虐待与社会心理结果之间关系的调节因素。结果：学校氛围是一个显著的调节因子，这样一个更支持性的学校氛围缓冲了情绪忽视对青少年外化问题的有害影响。未观察到其他显著的调节作用。结论：虽然目前的研究只观察到一个显著的相互作用，但研究结果有助于支持家庭环境之外的社会支持在促进弹性和青少年健康的社会心理功能方面的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Disclosure and non-disclosure of childhood sexual abuse in Australia: Results from a national survey 澳大利亚儿童性虐待的披露与不披露：一项全国性调查的结果。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107183

Ben Mathews , David Finkelhor , Delphine Collin-Vézina , Eva Malacova , Hannah J. Thomas , James G. Scott , Daryl J. Higgins , Franziska Meinck , Rosana Pacella , Holly E. Erskine , Divna M. Haslam , David Lawrence

Background

Little population-based evidence exists about prevalence of lifetime disclosure and non-disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Evidence is lacking about disclosure by girls and women compared with boys and men, and gender diverse individuals. It is unclear if disclosure is more common in contemporary society, and if disclosure is influenced by abuse severity and perpetrator type.

Objective

We aimed to identify prevalence of lifetime disclosure of CSA, and prevalence by gender, age group, abuse severity and perpetrator.

Participants and setting

The Australian Child Maltreatment Study collected information about CSA victimisation from a nationally representative sample of 8503 individuals aged 16 and over; 28.5 % (n = 2348) experienced CSA and provided information about disclosure.

Methods

We generated national estimates of lifetime CSA disclosure, compared results by gender and age group, and identified differences by severity and perpetrator.

Results

Prevalence of lifetime CSA disclosure was 54.8 %, and prevalence of non-disclosure was 45.2 %. Disclosure was more common for women (60.3 %) than men (42.2 %). Disclosure was more common among those aged 16–24 (70.5 %) than those aged 25–44 (61.9 %) and 45 and over (46.2 %). Prevalence was similar across four CSA sub-types (47.2 %–58.2 %). Disclosure varied across perpetrator classes.

Conclusions

Population-wide, almost one in two people who experience CSA had not disclosed. Men and those aged 45 and over were less likely to disclose. Increased disclosure by younger participants indicates progress in societal understanding of CSA. However, continued widespread non-disclosure indicates further efforts are needed to support those with lived experience of CSA to seek assistance.

背景：关于儿童性虐待终生披露和不披露（CSA）患病率的基于人群的证据很少。与男孩和男子相比，女孩和妇女以及性别不同的个人的信息披露情况缺乏证据。目前尚不清楚披露是否在当代社会更为普遍，以及披露是否受到虐待严重程度和施暴者类型的影响。目的：我们旨在确定CSA的终生披露率，以及性别、年龄组、虐待严重程度和犯罪者的患病率。参与者和环境：澳大利亚儿童虐待研究从8503名16岁及以上的全国代表性样本中收集了有关儿童虐待受害者的信息；28.5% （n = 2348）经历过CSA并提供了披露信息。方法：我们生成了国家终身CSA披露的估计，按性别和年龄组比较结果，并确定了严重程度和肇事者的差异。结果：终身CSA披露率为54.8%，未披露率为45.2%。女性（60.3%）比男性（42.2%）更常见。16-24岁（70.5%）比25-44岁（61.9%）和45岁及以上（46.2%）更常见。四种CSA亚型的患病率相似（47.2% - 58.2%）。披露的信息在不同的犯罪者类别中有所不同。结论：在整个人群中，几乎每两个经历CSA的人中就有一个没有透露。男性和45岁及以上的人不太可能透露。年轻参与者披露信息的增加表明社会对CSA的理解有所进步。然而，持续广泛的不披露表明需要进一步的努力来支持那些有CSA生活经历的人寻求帮助。

{"title":"Disclosure and non-disclosure of childhood sexual abuse in Australia: Results from a national survey","authors":"Ben Mathews , David Finkelhor , Delphine Collin-Vézina , Eva Malacova , Hannah J. Thomas , James G. Scott , Daryl J. Higgins , Franziska Meinck , Rosana Pacella , Holly E. Erskine , Divna M. Haslam , David Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little population-based evidence exists about prevalence of lifetime disclosure and non-disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Evidence is lacking about disclosure by girls and women compared with boys and men, and gender diverse individuals. It is unclear if disclosure is more common in contemporary society, and if disclosure is influenced by abuse severity and perpetrator type.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to identify prevalence of lifetime disclosure of CSA, and prevalence by gender, age group, abuse severity and perpetrator.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The Australian Child Maltreatment Study collected information about CSA victimisation from a nationally representative sample of 8503 individuals aged 16 and over; 28.5 % (<em>n</em> = 2348) experienced CSA and provided information about disclosure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We generated national estimates of lifetime CSA disclosure, compared results by gender and age group, and identified differences by severity and perpetrator.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prevalence of lifetime CSA disclosure was 54.8 %, and prevalence of non-disclosure was 45.2 %. Disclosure was more common for women (60.3 %) than men (42.2 %). Disclosure was more common among those aged 16–24 (70.5 %) than those aged 25–44 (61.9 %) and 45 and over (46.2 %). Prevalence was similar across four CSA sub-types (47.2 %–58.2 %). Disclosure varied across perpetrator classes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Population-wide, almost one in two people who experience CSA had not disclosed. Men and those aged 45 and over were less likely to disclose. Increased disclosure by younger participants indicates progress in societal understanding of CSA. However, continued widespread non-disclosure indicates further efforts are needed to support those with lived experience of CSA to seek assistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effectiveness of intensive family preservation services: A multi-level meta-analysis 评估强化家庭保护服务的有效性：多层次荟萃分析。

IF 3.4 2区心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Child Abuse & Neglect

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107198

Lou Lippens , Lana De Clercq , Stijn Vandevelde , Sarah De Pauw , Geert-Jan Stams

Background

Intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS) are an important part of child welfare. They are short-term, in-home treatment programs aimed at preventing imminent out-of-home placements, however, today, their overall effectiveness remains unclear.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of IFPS effectiveness, evaluate a wide range of outcomes, and analyze the impact of various factors on its success.

Methods

A three-level meta-analysis was conducted on 33 controlled trial studies comprising 226 effect sizes to test whether the effectiveness of IFPS was influenced by study, program, target, sample, and outcome characteristics.

Results

Analyses showed that IFPS did have a modest overall effect on treatment outcomes (g = 0.18), with notable variations across different outcome measures, showing small and positive effects on out-of-home placement (g = 0.31), family functioning (g = 0.19), juvenile delinquency (g = 0.19), and parental psychopathology (g = 0.34). Greater program intensity was associated with smaller effects, and follow-up assessment yielded larger effects than post-test assessments, indicating that positive intervention effects increased over time.

Conclusions

The findings suggest a rather limited effectiveness of IFPS, indicating that both practice and policy should take this into account. Recommendations for future research are provided to further enhance understanding and improvement of IFPS interventions.

背景：强化家庭保护服务是儿童福利的重要组成部分。它们是短期的家庭治疗项目，旨在防止即将到来的家庭外安置，然而，今天，它们的总体效果尚不清楚。目的：本研究旨在对IFPS的有效性进行全面回顾，评估广泛的结果，并分析各种因素对其成功的影响。方法：对包含226个效应量的33项对照试验进行三水平荟萃分析，以检验IFPS的有效性是否受到研究、项目、目标、样本和结局特征的影响。结果：分析显示，IFPS确实对治疗结果有适度的总体影响（g = 0.18），不同结果测量值之间存在显著差异，对家庭外安置（g = 0.31）、家庭功能（g = 0.19）、青少年犯罪（g = 0.19）和父母精神病理（g = 0.34）显示出小而积极的影响。更大的计划强度与较小的影响相关，随访评估比测试后评估产生更大的影响，表明积极的干预效果随着时间的推移而增加。结论：研究结果表明IFPS的有效性相当有限，表明实践和政策都应考虑到这一点。为进一步增进对IFPS干预措施的理解和改进，对未来的研究提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0