Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107256
Danielle Arlanda Harris , Lisa Thomsen , James Ogilvie , David John Harris , John Rynne
Background
Extant literature compellingly demonstrates the prevalence and importance of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in youth adjudicated for the perpetration of sexual offences. Most of this research is limited to a count derived from a checklist of 10 dichotomous (never/ever) variables.
Objective
Given the preponderance of evidence supporting the presence of adversity, it is necessary to now extend our understanding to the investigation of the onset, frequency, and temporal ordering of adverse experiences to examine potential implications for life outcomes and points of intervention.
Participants and setting
This paper focuses on the experiences of 20 Australian adolescents who were adjudicated for sexual offences and had experienced severely adverse childhoods characterised by abuse, neglect, maltreatment, dysfunctional households, caregiver inconsistency, and residential instability.
Method
An ACE Matrix was created for each participant and the onset, frequency, and duration of each ACE was plotted to facilitate visualisation of their experience of abuse and maltreatment over time.
Results
Our results revealed frequent changes in accommodation and primary caregiver and a striking concentration of abuse and neglect before the participants had started primary school.
Conclusions
Early detection of ACEs, appropriate and timely intervention, as well as identification and prevention of unintended collateral consequences of justice system involvement for adolescents is discussed.
{"title":"Onset, frequency, and temporal ordering of chronic adverse childhood experiences in adolescents adjudicated for sexual offences","authors":"Danielle Arlanda Harris , Lisa Thomsen , James Ogilvie , David John Harris , John Rynne","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extant literature compellingly demonstrates the prevalence and importance of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in youth adjudicated for the perpetration of sexual offences. Most of this research is limited to a count derived from a checklist of 10 dichotomous (never/ever) variables.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Given the preponderance of evidence supporting the presence of adversity, it is necessary to now extend our understanding to the investigation of the onset, frequency, and temporal ordering of adverse experiences to examine potential implications for life outcomes and points of intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>This paper focuses on the experiences of 20 Australian adolescents who were adjudicated for sexual offences and had experienced severely adverse childhoods characterised by abuse, neglect, maltreatment, dysfunctional households, caregiver inconsistency, and residential instability.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>An ACE Matrix was created for each participant and the onset, frequency, and duration of each ACE was plotted to facilitate visualisation of their experience of abuse and maltreatment over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results revealed frequent changes in accommodation and primary caregiver and a striking concentration of abuse and neglect before the participants had started primary school.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early detection of ACEs, appropriate and timely intervention, as well as identification and prevention of unintended collateral consequences of justice system involvement for adolescents is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bullying significantly impacts the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults (AYAs), yet research on the specific effects of different types of bullying and the role of self-stigma is limited in China.
Objectives
This study investigated the relationships between school bullying victimization and mental health among LGB AYAs, focusing on the mediating role of self-stigma across cognition, affect, and behavior domains.
Participants and setting
Online survey data were collected from 621 self-identified cisgender LGB AYAs in China (M[age] = 19.58; SD = 3.19) using convenience and snowball sampling through personal referrals and online private groups.
Methods
The Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale-Adolescents (BCS-A) assessed school bullying experiences. The Self-Stigma Scale-Short Form (SSS-S) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 short version (DASS-21) measured stigma, depression, anxiety, and stress. Mediation analysis was conducted.
Results
Both physical and verbal bullying were directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Relational bullying was significantly associated with stress but not depression and anxiety. Cyberbullying did not show direct or indirect associations with these mental health outcomes. Indirect paths indicated that both physical and relational bullying affected mental health through self-stigmatizing behaviors, with cognitive and affective domains showing no mediation effect.
Conclusions
Differentiating self-stigma domains reveals their unique mediating roles between bullying victimization and adverse mental health among LGB AYAs in China. Findings highlight the need to improve school policies/regulations and foster inclusive environments to mitigate these adverse effects. Understanding shared risks across various types of bullying can also guide effective prevention and intervention strategies.
{"title":"Divergent school bullying experiences and mental health: The mediating role of self-stigma among Chinese LGB adolescents and young adults","authors":"Changhui Song , Zheng Zhang , Kaigong Wei , Hui Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bullying significantly impacts the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults (AYAs), yet research on the specific effects of different types of bullying and the role of self-stigma is limited in China.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the relationships between school bullying victimization and mental health among LGB AYAs, focusing on the mediating role of self-stigma across cognition, affect, and behavior domains.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Online survey data were collected from 621 self-identified cisgender LGB AYAs in China (M<sub>[age]</sub> = 19.58; SD = 3.19) using convenience and snowball sampling through personal referrals and online private groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale-Adolescents (BCS-A) assessed school bullying experiences. The Self-Stigma Scale-Short Form (SSS-S) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 short version (DASS-21) measured stigma, depression, anxiety, and stress. Mediation analysis was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both physical and verbal bullying were directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Relational bullying was significantly associated with stress but not depression and anxiety. Cyberbullying did not show direct or indirect associations with these mental health outcomes. Indirect paths indicated that both physical and relational bullying affected mental health through self-stigmatizing behaviors, with cognitive and affective domains showing no mediation effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Differentiating self-stigma domains reveals their unique mediating roles between bullying victimization and adverse mental health among LGB AYAs in China. Findings highlight the need to improve school policies/regulations and foster inclusive environments to mitigate these adverse effects. Understanding shared risks across various types of bullying can also guide effective prevention and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107295
Yukai Zhou , Libin Zhang , Yang Yang , Yun Wang , Yunyun Zhang
Background
Bullying victimization and its co-occurrence with depressive symptoms have previously been explored. However, the pattern of bullying victimization development and the detailed associations between victimization and depressive symptoms remain unknown.
Objective
This study aimed to explore bullying victimization and its comorbidity with depressive symptoms across different developmental periods via network analysis.
Participants and setting
Data from the National Children's Study of China (NCSC) were analysed, including a nationally representative sample (N = 23,917, 46.6 % girls, grades 4 to 9) covering 31 provinces in China.
Methods
Network analysis was applied to identify core nodes and edges of bullying victimization as well as bridge nodes and bridge edges connecting the victimization community and the depressive symptom community across late childhood, early adolescence, and middle adolescence. The network of bullying victimization and the bridge network of victimization and depressive symptoms in these three periods were compared.
Results
The results revealed the following developmental inconsistencies: 1) “being spoken ill of”, “being hit, kicked, pushed, or shoved”, and “being threatened or intimidated” were the core nodes of victimization in late childhood, early adolescence, and middle adolescence, respectively, and 2) “being hit, kicked, pushed, or shoved” was more likely to co-occur with “being spoken ill of” in late childhood and early adolescence than in middle adolescence. The analysis also revealed the following consistencies: 1) the consistent bridge nodes were “being spoken ill of” for bullying victimization and “lack of friendship” for depressive symptoms, and 2) the consistent bridge edges were the connections between “being spoken ill of”/”being excluded” and “loneliness”/”lack of friendship”.
Conclusions
The findings highlighted the stable critical connection between relational victimization and loneliness/the absence of friendships across the three developmental stages, which might be the basis for the co-occurrence of bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Joint efforts should focus on identifying and addressing bullying (especially relational bullying) to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms for victims.
{"title":"A network approach to understanding bullying victimization and its co-occurrence with depressive symptoms among Chinese students in different developmental periods","authors":"Yukai Zhou , Libin Zhang , Yang Yang , Yun Wang , Yunyun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bullying victimization and its co-occurrence with depressive symptoms have previously been explored. However, the pattern of bullying victimization development and the detailed associations between victimization and depressive symptoms remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore bullying victimization and its comorbidity with depressive symptoms across different developmental periods via network analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Data from the National Children's Study of China (NCSC) were analysed, including a nationally representative sample (<em>N</em> = 23,917, 46.6 % girls, grades 4 to 9) covering 31 provinces in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Network analysis was applied to identify core nodes and edges of bullying victimization as well as bridge nodes and bridge edges connecting the victimization community and the depressive symptom community across late childhood, early adolescence, and middle adolescence. The network of bullying victimization and the bridge network of victimization and depressive symptoms in these three periods were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed the following developmental inconsistencies: 1) “being spoken ill of”, “being hit, kicked, pushed, or shoved”, and “being threatened or intimidated” were the core nodes of victimization in late childhood, early adolescence, and middle adolescence, respectively, and 2) “being hit, kicked, pushed, or shoved” was more likely to co-occur with “being spoken ill of” in late childhood and early adolescence than in middle adolescence. The analysis also revealed the following consistencies: 1) the consistent bridge nodes were “being spoken ill of” for bullying victimization and “lack of friendship” for depressive symptoms, and 2) the consistent bridge edges were the connections between “being spoken ill of”/”being excluded” and “loneliness”/”lack of friendship”.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlighted the stable critical connection between relational victimization and loneliness/the absence of friendships across the three developmental stages, which might be the basis for the co-occurrence of bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Joint efforts should focus on identifying and addressing bullying (especially relational bullying) to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms for victims.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107303
Youling Bai , Yuhan Yang , Yanling Liu
Background
The absence of parents owing to relocation from rural to urban areas has a detrimental effect on the mental health of adolescents in China. Previous studies have examined interpersonal relationships (IRs) and psychological health using a variable-centered approach based on group differences. Few studies have employed person-centered approaches to identify specific patterns of IRs in a large sample of Chinese left-behind adolescents (LBA), and little is known about the association between these profiles and psychological health.
Objective
To identify interpersonal relationship patterns of LBA with family and school systems members using latent profile analysis (LPA) and to examine their association with psychological health.
Participants and setting
The sample included 4724 LBA aged 11–18 years recruited from Chongqing City and Sichuan Province, China (Mage = 15.41, SD = 1.63 years, 46.2 % female).
Methods
Interpersonal relationships of LBA were conceptualized as father–child, mother–child, teacher–student, and student–student relationships.
Results
LPA identified four profiles: low school–low family relationships (6.4 %, profile 1), high school–medium family relationships (21.4 %, profile 2), medium school–medium family relationships (56.2 %, profile 3), and high school–high family relationships (15.9 %, profile 4). These four profiles significantly differed in the four IRs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that positive (i.e., life satisfaction, self-esteem, social adaption, and psychological suzhi) and negative mental health indicators (i.e., anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, Internet addiction, and school bullying) varied across the four profiles. The psychological health of LBA differed according to their IRs. Profile 4 exhibited higher levels of positive psychological health and lower levels of negative psychological health compared to all other types of LBA. Importantly, profile 2 had fewer negative mental health than profile 1 and profile 3.
Conclusions
These findings elucidate the heterogeneous typologies of IRs in LBA and underscore the crucial role of school and family relationships in promoting the mental health of LBA. Therefore, strengthening both school and family IRs may reduce the prevalence of negative psychological health among LBA.
{"title":"Interpersonal relationship patterns of left-behind adolescents with family and school systems members and their associations with mental health: A latent profile analysis","authors":"Youling Bai , Yuhan Yang , Yanling Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The absence of parents owing to relocation from rural to urban areas has a detrimental effect on the mental health of adolescents in China. Previous studies have examined interpersonal relationships (IRs) and psychological health using a variable-centered approach based on group differences. Few studies have employed person-centered approaches to identify specific patterns of IRs in a large sample of Chinese left-behind adolescents (LBA), and little is known about the association between these profiles and psychological health.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify interpersonal relationship patterns of LBA with family and school systems members using latent profile analysis (LPA) and to examine their association with psychological health.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The sample included 4724 LBA aged 11–18 years recruited from Chongqing City and Sichuan Province, China (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 15.41, <em>SD</em> = 1.63 years, 46.2 % female).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Interpersonal relationships of LBA were conceptualized as father–child, mother–child, teacher–student, and student–student relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LPA identified four profiles: low school–low family relationships (6.4 %, profile 1), high school–medium family relationships (21.4 %, profile 2), medium school–medium family relationships (56.2 %, profile 3), and high school–high family relationships (15.9 %, profile 4). These four profiles significantly differed in the four IRs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that positive (i.e., life satisfaction, self-esteem, social adaption, and psychological <em>suzhi</em>) and negative mental health indicators (i.e., anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, Internet addiction, and school bullying) varied across the four profiles. The psychological health of LBA differed according to their IRs. Profile 4 exhibited higher levels of positive psychological health and lower levels of negative psychological health compared to all other types of LBA. Importantly, profile 2 had fewer negative mental health than profile 1 and profile 3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings elucidate the heterogeneous typologies of IRs in LBA and underscore the crucial role of school and family relationships in promoting the mental health of LBA. Therefore, strengthening both school and family IRs may reduce the prevalence of negative psychological health among LBA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107302
Deirdre Mongan , Seán R. Millar , Margaret M. Brennan , Anne Doyle , Brian Galvin , Noel McCarthy
Background
Research has demonstrated positive associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol use behaviours in young adults. However, many of these are based on cross-sectional data. The pathway between ACEs and alcohol misuse among emerging adults is not fully understood and there is a lack of data on how parental and peer relationships may mediate this relationship.
Objective
To examine ACE exposure relationships with alcohol use behaviours and determine if associations between ACEs and harmful alcohol use are mediated by parent and peer relationships and school engagement.
Participants and setting
Participants (n = 4729) were a cohort of children recruited to the Growing Up in Ireland study, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of children.
Methods
Linear and logistic regression analyses examined individual and cumulative ACE exposure relationships with alcohol use behaviours at age 20 years. Mediation analyses assessed whether parental and peer relationships and school engagement mediate ACE history associations with harmful alcohol use.
Results
Exposure to ACEs in childhood was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores and alcohol dependence at age 20. Young adults who experienced 3+ ACEs had a three-fold (OR = 3.33, 95 % CI: 2.00, 5.55) increased odds of alcohol dependence when compared to participants who experienced no ACEs. Mediation analyses suggested that parent and peer relationships partially mediate associations between ACEs and harmful alcohol use behaviours.
Conclusions
Children who have experienced ACEs are at higher risk of harmful alcohol use. In supporting these children, identified mediators may help guide selection of prevention interventions.
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between childhood adversity and alcohol use behaviours in early adulthood: Examining the mediating roles of parental and peer relationships","authors":"Deirdre Mongan , Seán R. Millar , Margaret M. Brennan , Anne Doyle , Brian Galvin , Noel McCarthy","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research has demonstrated positive associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol use behaviours in young adults. However, many of these are based on cross-sectional data. The pathway between ACEs and alcohol misuse among emerging adults is not fully understood and there is a lack of data on how parental and peer relationships may mediate this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine ACE exposure relationships with alcohol use behaviours and determine if associations between ACEs and harmful alcohol use are mediated by parent and peer relationships and school engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 4729) were a cohort of children recruited to the Growing Up in Ireland study, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Linear and logistic regression analyses examined individual and cumulative ACE exposure relationships with alcohol use behaviours at age 20 years. Mediation analyses assessed whether parental and peer relationships and school engagement mediate ACE history associations with harmful alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to ACEs in childhood was associated with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores and alcohol dependence at age 20. Young adults who experienced 3+ ACEs had a three-fold (OR = 3.33, 95 % CI: 2.00, 5.55) increased odds of alcohol dependence when compared to participants who experienced no ACEs. Mediation analyses suggested that parent and peer relationships partially mediate associations between ACEs and harmful alcohol use behaviours.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children who have experienced ACEs are at higher risk of harmful alcohol use. In supporting these children, identified mediators may help guide selection of prevention interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107167
Nofar Mazursky
Background
Gender expression is crucial for transgender youth's self-identity, serving to navigate reactions and foster safety, empowerment, belonging, and social acknowledgment.
Objective
The present study aims to explore the experiences of gender expressions among transgender youth who aged out of out-of-home care in Israel.
Methods
The study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach. Twenty-two in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with transgender youth aged 16–32 (Mage = 22.2).
Results
The findings highlight four main spaces in which transgender youth describe their experiences: 1) The out-of-home care space, in which youth inquire about their identity; 2) The public space, which exemplifies the reactions of society; 3) The sex work space, which presents different motivations to engage in sex work; and 4) The intrapersonal space, which includes self-harm experiences and feelings of regret.
Conclusions
The experiences of the transgender youth regarding their gender expressions can be understood along a spectrum ranging from connection to disconnection with their bodies. Furthermore, the findings reveal an ongoing tension and internal dialogue between inner identity and external presentation, namely, the struggle between expressing their gender and conforming to social expectations. These findings point to a unique set of needs for effective interventions to assist in developing positive body image and resilience.
{"title":"Exploring gender expression: Experiences of transgender youth in out-of-home care","authors":"Nofar Mazursky","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gender expression is crucial for transgender youth's self-identity, serving to navigate reactions and foster safety, empowerment, belonging, and social acknowledgment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study aims to explore the experiences of gender expressions among transgender youth who aged out of out-of-home care in Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach. Twenty-two in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with transgender youth aged 16–32 (<em>M</em>age = 22.2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings highlight four main spaces in which transgender youth describe their experiences: 1) The out-of-home care space, in which youth inquire about their identity; 2) The public space, which exemplifies the reactions of society; 3) The sex work space, which presents different motivations to engage in sex work; and 4) The intrapersonal space, which includes self-harm experiences and feelings of regret.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The experiences of the transgender youth regarding their gender expressions can be understood along a spectrum ranging from connection to disconnection with their bodies. Furthermore, the findings reveal an ongoing tension and internal dialogue between inner identity and external presentation, namely, the struggle between expressing their gender and conforming to social expectations. These findings point to a unique set of needs for effective interventions to assist in developing positive body image and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107201
Zhao-ying Wang , Shi-xiong Hu , Jian Lu , Wen Shang , Tao Chen , Rui-ting Zhang
Background
Accumulating literature has found a close relation between early life adversity (ELA) and anxiety. However, previous studies did not rule out the high co-occurrence of different types of ELA when exploring the association of ELA and anxiety. In the present study, we carried out network analysis based on a cross-sectional sample and longitudinal sample to investigate the relationship between ELA and anxiety symptoms in non-clinical populations over time.
Methods
Online advertisement was carried out to recruit participants. The cross-sectional sample included 871 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.11, SDage = 1.57), and the longitudinal sample involved 440 Chinese participants (Mage = 18.93, SDage = 0.75). Three dimensions of ELA were assessed. The Threat/Harm dimension was assessed by subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Deprivation dimension of ELA was measured by subscales of physical neglect, and emotional neglect of CTQ. The Unpredictability dimension of ELA was evaluated by the Childhood Unpredictability scale. Anxiety symptoms were captured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Regularized partial correlation networks were constructed, and the expected influence (EI) as well as predictability of each node were calculated. Stability within the network was tested and the network comparison test was conducted to examine the difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.
Results
The cross-sectional network was relatively tight, and nodes within the dimension of ELA clustered together. Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse revealed stronger associations with anxiety symptoms than other ELAs. Emotional abuse showed the highest EI in the network. These findings were replicated in the longitudinal network. The network comparison test indicated no significant difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.
Conclusion
Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse were strong predictors of anxiety symptoms, and the prediction was reliable and persistent. Reduce the experience of childhood emotional abuse can serve as a target to prevent anxiety.
{"title":"Dimensional early life adversity and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis and longitudinal study","authors":"Zhao-ying Wang , Shi-xiong Hu , Jian Lu , Wen Shang , Tao Chen , Rui-ting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating literature has found a close relation between early life adversity (ELA) and anxiety. However, previous studies did not rule out the high co-occurrence of different types of ELA when exploring the association of ELA and anxiety. In the present study, we carried out network analysis based on a cross-sectional sample and longitudinal sample to investigate the relationship between ELA and anxiety symptoms in non-clinical populations over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Online advertisement was carried out to recruit participants. The cross-sectional sample included 871 Chinese participants (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.11, <em>SD</em><sub>age</sub> = 1.57), and the longitudinal sample involved 440 Chinese participants (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 18.93, <em>SD</em><sub>age</sub> = 0.75). Three dimensions of ELA were assessed. The Threat/Harm dimension was assessed by subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Deprivation dimension of ELA was measured by subscales of physical neglect, and emotional neglect of CTQ. The Unpredictability dimension of ELA was evaluated by the Childhood Unpredictability scale. Anxiety symptoms were captured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Regularized partial correlation networks were constructed, and the expected influence (EI) as well as predictability of each node were calculated. Stability within the network was tested and the network comparison test was conducted to examine the difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cross-sectional network was relatively tight, and nodes within the dimension of ELA clustered together. Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse revealed stronger associations with anxiety symptoms than other ELAs. Emotional abuse showed the highest EI in the network. These findings were replicated in the longitudinal network. The network comparison test indicated no significant difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse were strong predictors of anxiety symptoms, and the prediction was reliable and persistent. Reduce the experience of childhood emotional abuse can serve as a target to prevent anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107242
Fei Shen , Ranran Z. Mi , Hyunji Lee , Jennifer J. Chen , Ying Zhang
Background
Depression is one of the most common mental health concerns among adolescents and young adults. Childhood maltreatment is a particularly potent risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, social support has been identified as a robust protective factor against depressive symptoms. However, limited research has investigated the effects of childhood maltreatment and social support on the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.
Objective
The present study aimed to explore trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood as well as identify childhood maltreatment as a potential risk factor and social support as a protective factor to depressive symptoms over time.
Methods
We conducted growth curve modeling using public-use data from Add Health. Main variables (childhood maltreatment, social support, depressive symptoms from Wave I to Wave IV) and control variables (e.g., gender, race, poverty) were included in the analysis.
Results
Depressive symptoms demonstrated a quadratic pattern, with a decline from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and a slight increase in young adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was only significantly associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms but not the trajectories of depressive symptoms. Social support was not only associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms, but also the changes of depressive symptoms over time.
Conclusion
The present study provides an avenue towards untangling potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms. Identifying risk and protective factors with varying trajectories of depressive symptoms will potentially improve related treatments and interventions.
{"title":"The effects of childhood maltreatment and social support on the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood","authors":"Fei Shen , Ranran Z. Mi , Hyunji Lee , Jennifer J. Chen , Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is one of the most common mental health concerns among adolescents and young adults. Childhood maltreatment is a particularly potent risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, social support has been identified as a robust protective factor against depressive symptoms. However, limited research has investigated the effects of childhood maltreatment and social support on the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study aimed to explore trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood as well as identify childhood maltreatment as a potential risk factor and social support as a protective factor to depressive symptoms over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted growth curve modeling using public-use data from Add Health. Main variables (childhood maltreatment, social support, depressive symptoms from Wave I to Wave IV) and control variables (e.g., gender, race, poverty) were included in the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depressive symptoms demonstrated a quadratic pattern, with a decline from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and a slight increase in young adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was only significantly associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms but not the trajectories of depressive symptoms. Social support was not only associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms, but also the changes of depressive symptoms over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides an avenue towards untangling potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms. Identifying risk and protective factors with varying trajectories of depressive symptoms will potentially improve related treatments and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107298
Taylor Napier , Kathryn H. Howell , Kari Thomsen , Caitlyn Maye , Idia B. Thurston
Background
Mothers' experiences of child abuse (CA) and adulthood intimate partner violence (IPV) are linked with poorer social emotional functioning in their children.
Objective
The current study examined direct relations between mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence using a cross-sectional dyadic design. The indirect effects of types of violence through open communication on children's social competence were also assessed.
Participants and setting
Mother-child dyads (N = 162) were recruited from community organizations in the MidSouth region of the United States; all mothers (Mage = 35.24, SD = 6.70; 80.7 % Black) reported IPV exposure in the past 6 months. On average, children were 12 years old (Mage = 12.38, SD = 2.84; 59 % female) and predominantly Black (85.5 %).
Methods
A mediated path model assessed the direct effects of mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence, and the indirect effects of these violence variables through open mother-child communication on social competence.
Results
The path model yielded a strong fit [χ2(10) = 10.52, p = .38; RMSEA = 0.02 [CI, 0.00–0.09]; CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.04]. An indirect-only mediation effect was found between children's direct victimization through open mother-child communication on their social competence (β = −0.07, p = .025; 95 % CI [−0.18, −0.01]; children exposed to more direct victimization reported less open communication, which was linked to lower social competence.
Conclusions
Results demonstrate the relation between direct victimization and children's view of themselves and their relationship with their caregivers. Increasing access to family-based interventions that reduce conflict and strengthen mother-child communication could promote children's social competence following direct victimization.
{"title":"Associations among victimization, communication, and social competence in mother-child dyads exposed to intimate partner violence","authors":"Taylor Napier , Kathryn H. Howell , Kari Thomsen , Caitlyn Maye , Idia B. Thurston","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mothers' experiences of child abuse (CA) and adulthood intimate partner violence (IPV) are linked with poorer social emotional functioning in their children.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current study examined direct relations between mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence using a cross-sectional dyadic design. The indirect effects of types of violence through open communication on children's social competence were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Mother-child dyads (N = 162) were recruited from community organizations in the MidSouth region of the United States; all mothers (<em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 35.24, <em>SD</em> = 6.70; 80.7 % Black) reported IPV exposure in the past 6 months. On average, children were 12 years old (<em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 12.38, <em>SD</em> = 2.84; 59 % female) and predominantly Black (85.5 %).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mediated path model assessed the direct effects of mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence, and the indirect effects of these violence variables through open mother-child communication on social competence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The path model yielded a strong fit [χ<sup>2</sup>(10) = 10.52, <em>p</em> = .38; RMSEA = 0.02 [CI, 0.00–0.09]; CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.04]. An indirect-only mediation effect was found between children's direct victimization through open mother-child communication on their social competence (β = −0.07, <em>p</em> = .025; 95 % CI [−0.18, −0.01]; children exposed to more direct victimization reported less open communication, which was linked to lower social competence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results demonstrate the relation between direct victimization and children's view of themselves and their relationship with their caregivers. Increasing access to family-based interventions that reduce conflict and strengthen mother-child communication could promote children's social competence following direct victimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107234
Noemí Pereda , Alba Águila-Otero , Varinia Leiva
Background
Child sexual exploitation (CSE) involves using a child or youth as a sexual object in exchange for remuneration, reward, or favors, meeting their survival needs, and also serving the perpetrator's aims for sexual, social, or economic gain.
Objective
The present study addresses the prevalence of CSE in Spain. Participants: A representative sample of 4024 secondary school adolescents from 14 to 17 years old (M = 15.42, SD = 1.034) was surveyed.
Methods
Three questions adapted from previous European studies on the topic were used.
Results
An overall prevalence of 2.6 % was recorded, comprising exchange of sexual material (1.7 %), sexual touching (0.9 %), and sexual relations involving oral sex or penetration (0.9 %). While no significant age-related differences emerged, gender-specific patterns were observed. Boys exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of oral and penetrative sex than girls (1.2 % vs 0.5 %), while girls showed a slightly higher prevalence of exchange of sexual material (2 % vs 1.2 %) than boys. LGB youth reported a significantly higher risk for CSE than heterosexual youth (5.5 % vs 2.1 %), and European adolescents reported less CSE (2.2 % vs. 4.1 %) than youths from other ethnicities.
Conclusions
CSE should be a social concern because it affects a substantial number of children worldwide. Interventions should adopt an intersectional perspective that incorporates the various risk factors associated with this form of victimization.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated characteristics of sexual exploitation in a representative sample of spanish youth from an intersectional perspective","authors":"Noemí Pereda , Alba Águila-Otero , Varinia Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child sexual exploitation (CSE) involves using a child or youth as a sexual object in exchange for remuneration, reward, or favors, meeting their survival needs, and also serving the perpetrator's aims for sexual, social, or economic gain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study addresses the prevalence of CSE in Spain. Participants: A representative sample of 4024 secondary school adolescents from 14 to 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 15.42, <em>SD</em> = 1.034) was surveyed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three questions adapted from previous European studies on the topic were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An overall prevalence of 2.6 % was recorded, comprising exchange of sexual material (1.7 %), sexual touching (0.9 %), and sexual relations involving oral sex or penetration (0.9 %). While no significant age-related differences emerged, gender-specific patterns were observed. Boys exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of oral and penetrative sex than girls (1.2 % vs 0.5 %), while girls showed a slightly higher prevalence of exchange of sexual material (2 % vs 1.2 %) than boys. LGB youth reported a significantly higher risk for CSE than heterosexual youth (5.5 % vs 2.1 %), and European adolescents reported less CSE (2.2 % vs. 4.1 %) than youths from other ethnicities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CSE should be a social concern because it affects a substantial number of children worldwide. Interventions should adopt an intersectional perspective that incorporates the various risk factors associated with this form of victimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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