Child Abuse & Neglect最新文献

{"title":"Dimensional early life adversity and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis and longitudinal study","authors":"Zhao-ying Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-xiong Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Lu ,&nbsp;Wen Shang ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Rui-ting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating literature has found a close relation between early life adversity (ELA) and anxiety. However, previous studies did not rule out the high co-occurrence of different types of ELA when exploring the association of ELA and anxiety. In the present study, we carried out network analysis based on a cross-sectional sample and longitudinal sample to investigate the relationship between ELA and anxiety symptoms in non-clinical populations over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Online advertisement was carried out to recruit participants. The cross-sectional sample included 871 Chinese participants (<em>M</em>_age = 19.11, <em>SD</em>_age = 1.57), and the longitudinal sample involved 440 Chinese participants (<em>M</em>_age = 18.93, <em>SD</em>_age = 0.75). Three dimensions of ELA were assessed. The Threat/Harm dimension was assessed by subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The Deprivation dimension of ELA was measured by subscales of physical neglect, and emotional neglect of CTQ. The Unpredictability dimension of ELA was evaluated by the Childhood Unpredictability scale. Anxiety symptoms were captured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Regularized partial correlation networks were constructed, and the expected influence (EI) as well as predictability of each node were calculated. Stability within the network was tested and the network comparison test was conducted to examine the difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cross-sectional network was relatively tight, and nodes within the dimension of ELA clustered together. Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse revealed stronger associations with anxiety symptoms than other ELAs. Emotional abuse showed the highest EI in the network. These findings were replicated in the longitudinal network. The network comparison test indicated no significant difference between the cross-sectional network and the longitudinal network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Childhood unpredictability and emotional abuse were strong predictors of anxiety symptoms, and the prediction was reliable and persistent. Reduce the experience of childhood emotional abuse can serve as a target to prevent anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of childhood maltreatment and social support on the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood","authors":"Fei Shen ,&nbsp;Ranran Z. Mi ,&nbsp;Hyunji Lee ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is one of the most common mental health concerns among adolescents and young adults. Childhood maltreatment is a particularly potent risk factor for the subsequent development of depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, social support has been identified as a robust protective factor against depressive symptoms. However, limited research has investigated the effects of childhood maltreatment and social support on the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study aimed to explore trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood as well as identify childhood maltreatment as a potential risk factor and social support as a protective factor to depressive symptoms over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted growth curve modeling using public-use data from Add Health. Main variables (childhood maltreatment, social support, depressive symptoms from Wave I to Wave IV) and control variables (e.g., gender, race, poverty) were included in the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depressive symptoms demonstrated a quadratic pattern, with a decline from adolescence to emerging adulthood, and a slight increase in young adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was only significantly associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms but not the trajectories of depressive symptoms. Social support was not only associated with the initial level of depressive symptoms, but also the changes of depressive symptoms over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides an avenue towards untangling potential factors contributing to the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms. Identifying risk and protective factors with varying trajectories of depressive symptoms will potentially improve related treatments and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among victimization, communication, and social competence in mother-child dyads exposed to intimate partner violence","authors":"Taylor Napier ,&nbsp;Kathryn H. Howell ,&nbsp;Kari Thomsen ,&nbsp;Caitlyn Maye ,&nbsp;Idia B. Thurston","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mothers' experiences of child abuse (CA) and adulthood intimate partner violence (IPV) are linked with poorer social emotional functioning in their children.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current study examined direct relations between mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence using a cross-sectional dyadic design. The indirect effects of types of violence through open communication on children's social competence were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Mother-child dyads (N = 162) were recruited from community organizations in the MidSouth region of the United States; all mothers (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 35.24, <em>SD</em> = 6.70; 80.7 % Black) reported IPV exposure in the past 6 months. On average, children were 12 years old (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 12.38, <em>SD</em> = 2.84; 59 % female) and predominantly Black (85.5 %).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mediated path model assessed the direct effects of mothers' CA, mothers' adulthood IPV, and children's direct victimization on children's social competence, and the indirect effects of these violence variables through open mother-child communication on social competence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The path model yielded a strong fit [χ²(10) = 10.52, <em>p</em> = .38; RMSEA = 0.02 [CI, 0.00–0.09]; CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.04]. An indirect-only mediation effect was found between children's direct victimization through open mother-child communication on their social competence (β = −0.07, <em>p</em> = .025; 95 % CI [−0.18, −0.01]; children exposed to more direct victimization reported less open communication, which was linked to lower social competence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results demonstrate the relation between direct victimization and children's view of themselves and their relationship with their caregivers. Increasing access to family-based interventions that reduce conflict and strengthen mother-child communication could promote children's social competence following direct victimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated characteristics of sexual exploitation in a representative sample of spanish youth from an intersectional perspective","authors":"Noemí Pereda ,&nbsp;Alba Águila-Otero ,&nbsp;Varinia Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child sexual exploitation (CSE) involves using a child or youth as a sexual object in exchange for remuneration, reward, or favors, meeting their survival needs, and also serving the perpetrator's aims for sexual, social, or economic gain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study addresses the prevalence of CSE in Spain. Participants: A representative sample of 4024 secondary school adolescents from 14 to 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 15.42, <em>SD</em> = 1.034) was surveyed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three questions adapted from previous European studies on the topic were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An overall prevalence of 2.6 % was recorded, comprising exchange of sexual material (1.7 %), sexual touching (0.9 %), and sexual relations involving oral sex or penetration (0.9 %). While no significant age-related differences emerged, gender-specific patterns were observed. Boys exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of oral and penetrative sex than girls (1.2 % vs 0.5 %), while girls showed a slightly higher prevalence of exchange of sexual material (2 % vs 1.2 %) than boys. LGB youth reported a significantly higher risk for CSE than heterosexual youth (5.5 % vs 2.1 %), and European adolescents reported less CSE (2.2 % vs. 4.1 %) than youths from other ethnicities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CSE should be a social concern because it affects a substantial number of children worldwide. Interventions should adopt an intersectional perspective that incorporates the various risk factors associated with this form of victimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullying victimization and self-harm in adolescents: The roles of emotion regulation and bullying peer norms","authors":"Jiahui Chen,&nbsp;Yuke Xiong,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Yiting Liang,&nbsp;Ping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While prior research has suggested that experiencing bullying victimization increases the risk of self-harm, the exact role of intrapersonal emotion regulation and bullying peer norms in contributing to this association are not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the mediating effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression and the moderating effects of bullying descriptive and popularity norms on the association between bullying victimization and self-harm.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>A total of 3545 Chinese adolescents (52.4 % boys; <em>M</em>age = 12.36 years; 90.9 % Han nationality) from 76 classes participated in the current study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected in two waves, spaced six months apart. Participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, emotion regulation and self-harm. Peer nomination items were used to assess bullying perpetration and popularity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that bullying victimization was linked to an increase in self-harm six month later, both directly and indirectly, by enhancing the use of expressive suppression. The effects of expressive suppression as a mediator were notably stronger in environments with low bullying descriptive norms or high bullying popularity norms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which bullying peer norms adversely affect emotion regulation and escalate self-harming behaviors among victimized adolescents. Effective bullying prevention and intervention strategies should focus not only on reducing bullying behaviors, but also on addressing maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as expressive suppression. Additionally, fostering a classroom environment characterized by non-aggressive and prosocial norms is crucial for mitigating the negative outcomes associated with bullying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aims & Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child sexual grooming: Listening to victims in Jordan","authors":"Taghreed M. Abu Sarhan ,&nbsp;Ansie Fouche","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little is known about sexual grooming among children in Arab-Islamic countries. Accessing victims of child sexual abuse in such a context is challenging; however, qualitative secondary analysis provides a framework for exploring this phenomenon.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study employed qualitative secondary analysis to identify sexual grooming behavior and strategies based on the statements made by Jordanian children.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The primary dataset comprised 13 verbatim transcripts of forensic investigative statements of child victims aged 6–18 years with an Arabic Islamic background. These statements were obtained from the Family Protection Department of Amman, Jordan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The statements were translated from Arabic to English and subjected to independent inductive thematic analysis and deductive analysis using the 2020 Sexual Grooming Model developed by Winters, Jeglic, and Kaylor as a framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four stages of child sexual grooming, each with specific goals and strategies, were identified and contextualized using the model. However, specific, nuanced differences between the findings and the model were identified, highlighting the influence of Arab culture and Islamic religious interpretations on grooming in Jordan.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Educational efforts should be undertaken to raise awareness among parents and children regarding grooming strategies and, specifically, how Arab culture and Islamic principles may be used to coerce children to comply with grooming and abuse or otherwise compel their silence out of fear of punishment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Knock me down a little bit more”: Support networks of parents impacted by the child welfare system, a mixed methods study","authors":"Melissa Radey ,&nbsp;Lenore M. McWey ,&nbsp;Carson Outler ,&nbsp;Kristine Posada","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Families impacted by the child welfare system (CWS) face increased risks of poverty, family dysfunction, and poor child outcomes. Strong support networks, comprised of formal support from government programs or service providers and informal support from family and friends, are an under-researched potential mechanism to facilitate family engagement and protect against child maltreatment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study's objective was to describe formal and informal supports among parents with substantiated maltreatment who recently entered the CWS to understand parents' situations and conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The study used quantitative survey and qualitative interview data from The Power of Parents in Child Protection Study, an ongoing 18-month, statewide longitudinal study of parents with substantiated cases of maltreatment entering the CWS (<em>N</em> = 133). The quantitative sample was 78 % mothers and 22 % fathers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Through latent profile analysis and content analysis, this study describes parents' formal and informal support systems including informal support networks, public benefit receipt, and CWS system navigation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Latent profile analyses revealed three profiles characterized as “detrimentally low support” (<em>n</em> = 40, 31 %), “low support” (<em>n</em> = 59, 45 %), and “supported” (<em>n</em> = 32). Even among “supported” parents, parents had unreliable and limited informal networks and unstable, insufficient formal supports. Additionally, those with the least amount of informal support (“detrimentally low”) were the least equipped to navigate support from the CWS system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Strengthening formal and informal support networks among CWS-impacted parents, particularly those with the least informal support, could help to address families' high levels of need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family affluence and bullying victimisation affect life satisfaction in large-bodied adolescents: Evidence from 37 high-income countries","authors":"Prince Peprah ,&nbsp;Michael Safo Oduro ,&nbsp;Isaac Yeboah Addo","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescents with large body sizes often experience bullying which likely affects their overall well-being. Yet, there is limited research on how bullying victimisation affects overall life satisfaction among this cohort of adolescents, and how family affluence moderates this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigates the moderation effects of family affluence in the association between bullying victimisation and life satisfaction among adolescents with large bodies.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>This research involved 16,240 adolescents with large bodies based on the World Health Organization's Body Mass Index Chart/Classification for ages 13 to 15 years from 37 high-income countries in Europe and North America.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The study used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, a cross-national study of adolescent health and well-being. Hypotheses were assessed through mixed effects binary logit models with random intercepts, accounting for data clustering and variations across regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After controlling for covariates, both cyberbullying (AOR = 1.72; 95 % CI = 1.48–2.00) and traditional bullying (AOR = 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.53–1.99) were significantly associated with lower life satisfaction compared with no bullying experience among participants. Family affluence partly moderated these associations, wherein the highest level of affluence reduced the effects of cyberbullying (AOR = 1.57, 95 % CI: 1.09–2.27) and traditional bullying (AOR = 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.02–1.96) on life satisfaction compared to lower levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both traditional and cyberbullying significantly reduced life satisfaction among adolescents with large body sizes. However, higher family affluence moderates (reduces) these negative effects, suggesting a protective role of socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support bullied adolescents, particularly those with large bodies and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting children against sexual abuse in youth-serving organizations: A qualitative vignette study on (potential) offenders' and therapists' views of Safeguarding Programs","authors":"Christian Götzl ,&nbsp;Sebastian Pichlmeier ,&nbsp;Teresa Walter ,&nbsp;Marius Stickel ,&nbsp;Andreas Jud ,&nbsp;Judith Streb ,&nbsp;Manuela Dudeck","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Holistic approaches to preventing child sexual abuse (CSA) such as German Safeguarding Programs integrate comprehensive analysis, intervention, prevention, and evaluation efforts and can be used to address CSA in youth-serving organizations (YSOs). To date, little is known about how adults who have committed CSA in YSOs in the past (i.e., offenders), adults who identify as being at risk of committing CSA in YSOs (i.e., potential offenders), and therapists experienced in treating such (potential) offenders view these programs.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate whether (potential) offenders and therapists consider holistic approaches such as Safeguarding Programs as effective for protecting children in YSOs. Additionally, their views on potential additional measures and barriers or facilitators to implementing Safeguarding Programs were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In an exploratory qualitative study that used a vignette approach, Safeguarding Programs were presented in problem-centered interviews to (potential) offenders (n=6) and therapists experienced in the treatment of (potential) offenders (n=5). Participants provided extensive feedback, which was analyzed by a qualitative content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants emphasized that to be effective, the interrelated measures of Safeguarding Programs need to be implemented comprehensively, not just in isolation. (Potential) offenders reported that a clear code of conduct in YSOs can be particularly helpful in controlling CSA related behavior. Addressing preventive help-offers within Safeguarding Programs may facilitate help-seeking in (potential) offenders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results may help to guide further development Safeguarding Programs and other holistic approaches. The study highlights the importance of involving (potential) offenders when developing preventive measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 107212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}