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Examining adolescents' experiences of distress when participating in research on well-being and early life adversity. 研究青少年在参与幸福和早期生活逆境研究时的痛苦经历。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107099
Ashley Stewart-Tufescu, Janique Fortier, Samantha Salmon, Tamara L Taillieu, Isabel Garces-Davila, Tracie O Afifi

Rationale: Most child well-being and childhood adversity research is informed by proxy informants such as parents or teachers rather than children and youth. This may be due to concerns about perceived sensitivity, challenges accessing and engaging with children in research, ethical considerations, and apprehensions about causing undue harm and distress. This study aimed to understand adolescents' identification of, and reactions to, questions in the context of participating in a survey of well-being and adversity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of how adolescents identify and respond to potentially upsetting questions about well-being and life experiences, including childhood adversity.

Method: Data were from 1002 adolescent respondents aged 14 to 17 years. The Well-being and Experiences (WE) survey assessed several domains of life, including general health and well-being and early life adversity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, and thematic analysis approaches.

Results: Few adolescent respondents reported feeling upset when completing the survey (11.2 %). Among those who reported feeling upset, 92.0 % indicated that it was still important to ask those upsetting questions, and only two respondents (1.8 %) thought upsetting questions should be removed. Ten themes emerged from the adolescents' reflections on self-reported upsetting questions, including identity and life satisfaction, motivation, mental health, and school; childhood adversity was not primarily identified.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that conducting research on well-being and childhood adversity directly with adolescents is feasible and minimally distressing. Future research should consider how to engage youth directly in research to understand better the scope and outcomes associated with childhood adversity.

理由大多数儿童福祉和童年逆境研究都是由家长或教师等代理信息提供者而不是儿童和青少年提供信息。这可能是出于对敏感性的考虑、在研究中接触和接触儿童所面临的挑战、伦理方面的考虑以及对造成不当伤害和困扰的担忧。本研究旨在了解青少年在参与幸福与逆境调查时对问题的识别和反应:本研究旨在加深我们对青少年如何识别和应对有关幸福和生活经历(包括童年逆境)的可能令人不安的问题的了解:数据来自 1002 名 14 至 17 岁的青少年受访者。幸福与经历(WE)调查评估了多个生活领域,包括一般健康和幸福以及早期生活逆境。数据分析采用了描述性统计、逻辑回归模型和主题分析等方法:很少有青少年受访者表示在填写调查问卷时感到不安(11.2%)。在那些表示感到不安的受访者中,92.0%的人表示提出这些令人不安的问题仍然很重要,只有两名受访者(1.8%)认为应该取消令人不安的问题。青少年对自我报告的令人不安的问题的反思产生了十个主题,包括身份认同和生活满意度、动机、心理健康和学校;童年逆境不是主要的主题:研究结果表明,直接与青少年一起开展有关幸福感和童年逆境的研究是可行的,而且对青少年造成的困扰最小。未来的研究应考虑如何让青少年直接参与研究,以更好地了解与童年逆境相关的范围和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment exposure, mother-offspring relationship quality, and adult romantic attachment in emerging adults 儿童遭受虐待的代际连续性、母亲与后代的关系质量以及成年后的浪漫依恋
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107120
Sereena Pigeon , Audrey Brassard , Rachel Langevin

Background

Child maltreatment (CM; sexual and physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence) is a prevalent and harmful public health problem, with severe consequences for children's physical, psychological, and social development. CM exposure has been found to recur in families, indicating intergenerational continuity, which may stem from attachment-related factors.

Objective

This study aimed to examine whether mothers' CM exposure is associated with attachment insecurity in their emerging adult offspring, through the emerging adult's CM exposure and mother-emerging adult relationship quality.

Participants and setting

A sample of 139 mother-emerging adult dyads were recruited across Canada.

Methods

Participants completed an online survey documenting CM exposure, attachment, and relationship quality. A sequential mediation model was tested.

Results

An indirect association was found for mother's CM exposure with emerging adult romantic attachment anxiety, through emerging adult's CM exposure and mother-emerging adult relationship quality (β = 0.02, p = .036), and with romantic attachment avoidance through emerging adult CM exposure alone (β = 0.03, p = .047). Findings suggest that mothers reporting greater CM exposure tended to have offspring reporting greater CM exposure, which was negatively associated with mother-emerging adult relationship quality, and in turn greater emerging adult romantic attachment insecurity.

Conclusions

Future research should replicate these findings using dyadic modeling with larger samples and longitudinal data. Policies increasing the accessibility of individual and group interventions for emerging adults and their parents who experienced CM are needed, particularly targeting interpersonal functioning, which may increase their social resources and reduce revictimization risk.
背景儿童虐待(CM;性虐待和身体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和亲密伴侣暴力)是一个普遍存在且有害的公共健康问题,对儿童的身体、心理和社会发展造成严重后果。本研究旨在通过新成人的 CM 暴露和母亲与新成人的关系质量,研究母亲的 CM 暴露是否与新成人后代的依恋不安全感相关。结果通过新兴成人的 CM 暴露和母亲与新兴成人的关系质量(β = 0.02,p = 0.036),发现母亲的 CM 暴露与新兴成人的浪漫依恋焦虑有间接关系;通过新兴成人的 CM 暴露,发现母亲的 CM 暴露与浪漫依恋回避有间接关系(β = 0.03,p = 0.047)。研究结果表明,母亲报告了更多的CM暴露,其后代往往也报告了更多的CM暴露,这与母亲与新成人的关系质量呈负相关,进而导致新成人的浪漫依恋更不安全。有必要制定政策,增加对经历过婚姻危机的新成人及其父母进行个人和集体干预的机会,尤其是针对人际功能的干预,这可能会增加他们的社会资源并降低再次受害的风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM): A measure of early adversity and its severity 逆境综合测量(CAM):早期逆境及其严重程度的测量方法
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107117
Pascal Schlechter , Nina M. Lutz , Nexhmedin Morina , Jon E. Grant , Christine Lochner , Samuel R. Chamberlain , Paul O. Wilkinson , Jessica Fritz

Background

Early adversity scales often display insufficient content coverage and typically assess the presence of adversity, but not its severity.

Objective

To address some of these limitations, we developed the 13-item Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale. We subsequently revised and expanded the scale regarding content coverage and item wording, resulting in a 22-item version, which we here describe.

Methods

We conducted one cross-sectional (N = 1498; 43.9 % females; 24.42 years, SD = 3.72, range: 18–30 years) and one longitudinal study (N = 1084; 39.6 % females; 32 years, SD = 10.49, range: 18–75 years). To reflect the nature of the revised measure more accurately, it was named the Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM).

Results

Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor model for both the presence/absence and the severity facet, which both displayed good model fit in subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. Factor models demonstrated at least scalar measurement invariance across gender and country (US/UK). Correlations with psychological distress, depression, anxiety, substance use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, suicide attempts, rumination, social comparison, self-esteem, and quality of life provided evidence in support of construct validity – concurrently and prospectively.

Conclusions

The CAM offers a psychometrically-sound, content-wise comprehensive, and free to use assessment of early adversity.
背景早期逆境量表的内容覆盖面往往不足,而且通常只评估逆境的存在,而不评估逆境的严重程度。方法我们进行了一项横断面研究(N = 1498;43.9% 为女性;24.42 岁,SD = 3.72,年龄范围:18-30 岁)和一项纵向研究(N = 1084;39.6% 为女性;32 岁,SD = 10.49,年龄范围:18-75 岁)。结果探索性因素分析表明,存在/不存在面和严重性面均为单因素模型,在随后的确认性因素分析中均显示出良好的模型拟合度。因子模型在不同性别和国家(美国/英国)之间至少表现出标度测量不变量。CAM与心理困扰、抑郁、焦虑、药物使用、创伤后应激症状、强迫症状、自杀企图、反刍、社会比较、自尊和生活质量之间的相关性证明了建构有效性--同时性和前瞻性。
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引用次数: 0
What factors attenuate the relationship between childhood neglect and adverse health outcomes? Examining the role of socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and the presence of a protective adult. 是什么因素削弱了儿童忽视与不良健康后果之间的关系?研究社会经济地位、健康行为和成人保护的作用。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107075
Linxiao Zhang, Ishnaa Gulati, Andie MacNeil, Esme Fuller-Thomson

Background: The detrimental effects of childhood neglect on adult health outcomes are well-recognized; however, less is known about factors that may attenuate this relationship.

Objective: (1) To examine the associations between childhood neglect and various physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood among those who had not experienced childhood physical or sexual abuse; and (2) To determine whether adjusting for risk and protective factors, including socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and the presence of a trusted adult, attenuates these relationships.

Participants and setting: Data came from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a representative sample of community-dwelling US adults (n = 41,322).

Methods: The relationships between childhood neglect and health outcomes were investigated using logistic regression analyses. Adjustments were made for demographics, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and the presence of a protective adult.

Results: Childhood neglect was significantly associated with adverse health outcomes, including health behaviors (e.g., smoking, low physical activity), physical health indicators (e.g., self-reported fair/poor health, stroke, asthma, COPD), disabilities (e.g., hearing impairment, vision impairment, cognitive impairment, difficulty walking or climbing stairs, difficulty bathing), and mental health indicators (e.g., poor mental health/past month, depression) after controlling for demographics. All significant associations indicated small or very small effect sizes. Associations were substantially attenuated when controlling for adult socioeconomic status, and further attenuated when controlling for the presence of a protective adult, with several outcomes becoming non-significant.

Conclusions: Socioeconomic status and the presence of a protective adult in childhood considerably diminishes the association between childhood neglect and health outcomes in adulthood.

背景:目标:(1) 研究童年未遭受过身体虐待或性虐待的人群中,童年忽视与成年后各种身体和心理健康结果之间的关系;(2) 确定调整风险和保护因素(包括社会经济状况、健康行为和是否有可信赖的成年人)是否会削弱这些关系:数据来自 2021 年行为风险因素监测系统(BRFSS),该系统对美国社区居住的成年人(n = 41,322 人)进行了代表性抽样调查:采用逻辑回归分析法研究了儿童忽视与健康结果之间的关系。对人口统计学、社会经济地位、健康行为和是否有成人保护进行了调整:结果:在控制了人口统计学因素后,童年忽视与不良健康结果有明显关联,包括健康行为(如吸烟、运动量少)、身体健康指标(如自我报告的健康状况一般/较差、中风、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病)、残疾(如听力障碍、视力障碍、认知障碍、行走或爬楼梯困难、洗澡困难)和心理健康指标(如心理健康状况不佳/过去一个月、抑郁)。所有有意义的关联都显示出较小或非常小的效应量。在控制了成人的社会经济地位后,相关性大大减弱,在控制了有保护性成人存在的情况后,相关性进一步减弱,一些结果变得不显著:结论:童年时期的社会经济地位和保护性成人的存在大大降低了童年忽视与成年后健康结果之间的关联。
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引用次数: 0
Parenting-related abuse among women survivors of attempted intimate partner homicide 亲密伴侣杀人未遂案女性幸存者中与父母相关的虐待行为。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107119
Hila Avieli

Background

Despite increasing attention to intimate partner homicide (IPH), there is a significant gap in understanding the continuation of abuse after women survive attempted IPH, particularly in cases involving shared parenthood. The goal of this research is to fill this gap by exploring the specific parenting-related post-separation abuse tactics used by perpetrators, providing critical insights into the ways coercive control extends into shared parenting arrangements and the implications for survivors' healing as well as their children's safety and well-being.

Objective

Coercive control was used as a theoretical framework to explore attempted IPH survivors' experiences of parenting-related post-separation abuse tactics.

Participants and setting

An interpretive phenomenological analysis methodology was utilized to explore the experiences of women who survived an attempted intimate partner homicide.

Method

In-depth, semi-structured, phenomenological interviews, using an interview guide, were conducted with nine participants.

Results

Four themes were identified: (1) Claiming information; (2) Interfering with parental decisions; (3) Gaining economic control; and (4) Controlling by proxy using the ex-partner's family.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that shared parenthood may be a platform for ongoing abuse and that this abuse is an extension of the act of attempted homicide. Survivors of attempted IPH require heightened care due to their unique circumstances and the ongoing abuse by their ex-partners, which institutions often fail to address, highlighting the necessity for tailored interventions from justice, welfare agencies, therapists, and family members.
背景:尽管亲密伴侣杀人(IPH)问题日益受到关注,但在了解妇女在 IPH 未遂后继续遭受虐待的情况方面仍存在巨大差距,特别是在涉及共同养育子女的案件中。本研究的目标是通过探讨施暴者在分居后所使用的与养育子女相关的具体虐待策略来填补这一空白,从而提供有关胁迫性控制如何延伸至共同养育子女安排的重要见解,以及对幸存者的康复及其子女的安全和福祉的影响:以胁迫性控制为理论框架,探讨 IPH 未遂幸存者对与养育子女相关的分居后虐待策略的体验:采用解释性现象学分析方法,探讨亲密伴侣杀人未遂幸存者的经历:方法:使用访谈指南对九名参与者进行了深入的半结构化现象学访谈:结果:确定了四个主题:(1) 索取信息;(2) 干预父母的决定;(3) 获得经济控制权;(4) 利用前伴侣的家人进行代理控制:研究结果表明,共享父母身份可能是持续虐待的平台,这种虐待是杀人未遂行为的延伸。杀人未遂的幸存者由于其独特的情况和前伴侣的持续虐待,需要得到更多的关怀,而机构往往无法解决这些问题,这就突出了司法、福利机构、治疗师和家庭成员采取有针对性的干预措施的必要性。
{"title":"Parenting-related abuse among women survivors of attempted intimate partner homicide","authors":"Hila Avieli","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite increasing attention to intimate partner homicide (IPH), there is a significant gap in understanding the continuation of abuse after women survive attempted IPH, particularly in cases involving shared parenthood. The goal of this research is to fill this gap by exploring the specific parenting-related post-separation abuse tactics used by perpetrators, providing critical insights into the ways coercive control extends into shared parenting arrangements and the implications for survivors' healing as well as their children's safety and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Coercive control was used as a theoretical framework to explore attempted IPH survivors' experiences of parenting-related post-separation abuse tactics.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>An interpretive phenomenological analysis methodology was utilized to explore the experiences of women who survived an attempted intimate partner homicide.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In-depth, semi-structured, phenomenological interviews, using an interview guide, were conducted with nine participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four themes were identified: (1) Claiming information; (2) Interfering with parental decisions; (3) Gaining economic control; and (4) Controlling by proxy using the ex-partner's family.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that shared parenthood may be a platform for ongoing abuse and that this abuse is an extension of the act of attempted homicide. Survivors of attempted IPH require heightened care due to their unique circumstances and the ongoing abuse by their ex-partners, which institutions often fail to address, highlighting the necessity for tailored interventions from justice, welfare agencies, therapists, and family members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The crime of luring a minor for contact sexual abuse: Exploration of demographic patterns & criminal records of convicted offenders 引诱未成年人进行接触性性虐待罪:被定罪罪犯的人口统计模式和犯罪记录探究
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107118
Bridget Diamond-Welch , Anna E. Kosloski , Christopher Carey , Molly McDade

Background

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant public health problem, with a small but important subset of crimes committed by strangers, often facilitated through luring. Understanding the characteristics of individuals who engage in luring is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics and criminal histories of individuals convicted of luring a minor and to examine the types of crimes committed before and after conviction.

Participants and setting

The study included all individuals (N = 115) convicted of “luring a minor” between 2011 and 2021 in one county in Oregon.

Methods

The study used demographic data and frequencies to provide an overview of who is being convicted of luring and what other crimes they have committed prior and after their conviction.

Results

Most were male (97.39 %), White (70.43 %), and the average age at first arrest was 33.06 years. Before conviction, 35.65 % had prior arrests, with assault (34.15 %) and probation violations (24.39 %) being most common. After conviction, 98.26 % were rearrested, with luring (60.34 %) and online sexual corruption (41.38 %) being the most frequent charges. Crimes against children were the most prevalent type of crime.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics and criminal histories of individuals convicted of luring minors. The high prevalence of child-related crimes after conviction, including progression to commercial sexual exploitation and child sex trafficking, underscores the need for comprehensive interventions, robust monitoring, and ongoing community education to prevent further harm to children. Future research should replicate this study across different jurisdictions to identify regional differences, examine the relationship between jurisdictional definitions and crime patterns, and evaluate the effectiveness of various supervision and monitoring strategies in reducing recidivism among those convicted of luring.
背景儿童性虐待(CSA)是一个严重的公共卫生问题,其中有一小部分犯罪是由陌生人所为,通常是通过引诱来实现的。本研究旨在分析因引诱未成年人而被定罪者的人口统计学特征和犯罪史,并考察定罪前后所犯罪行的类型。参与者和环境研究对象包括俄勒冈州一个县在 2011 年至 2021 年期间被判犯有 "引诱未成年人 "罪的所有人员(N = 115)。研究方法研究使用人口统计学数据和频率来概述哪些人被判犯有引诱罪,以及他们在定罪前后还犯有哪些其他罪行。定罪前,35.65%的人曾被逮捕过,其中最常见的是袭击(34.15%)和违反缓刑规定(24.39%)。定罪后,98.26%的人再次被捕,其中引诱(60.34%)和网上性堕落(41.38%)是最常见的指控。针对儿童的犯罪是最常见的犯罪类型。定罪后与儿童有关的犯罪(包括发展为商业性剥削和儿童性贩卖)的高发率突出表明,有必要采取全面的干预措施、进行有力的监控和持续的社区教育,以防止对儿童造成进一步的伤害。未来的研究应在不同的司法管辖区复制这项研究,以确定地区差异,检查司法管辖区定义与犯罪模式之间的关系,并评估各种监督和监测策略在减少诱骗定罪者再犯方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of childhood emotional abuse on the developmental trajectory of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: The mediating role of self-compassion and peer attachment 童年情感虐待对青少年非自杀性自伤发展轨迹的影响:自我同情和同伴依恋的中介作用
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107098
Xuan Wang, Ruibo Xie, Siyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Weijian Li, Wan Ding

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a concerning health problem that afflicts some adolescents, and childhood emotional abuse is an early risk factor for NSSI. However, few studies have focused on identifying specific mediators underlying the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and the developmental trajectory of NSSI. Self-compassion and peer attachment are important intrapersonal and interpersonal factors influencing NSSI. However, it remains unclear whether self-compassion and peer attachment may mediate the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and the developmental trajectory of NSSI.

Objective

Based on Nock's integrated theoretical model and the Four-Function Model of self-injury, this study investigates the developmental change of NSSI during one year in adolescence and the mediating roles of self-compassion (as an intrapersonal factor) and peer attachment (as an interpersonal factor) in childhood emotional abuse and the initial level and rate of change of NSSI.

Participants and methods

A total of 1214 Chinese adolescents (M = 15.46, SD = 0.71; 737 boys and 477 girls) were recruited to measure NSSI, childhood emotional abuse, self-compassion, and peer attachment at T1 and then NSSI was assessed again at T2 and T3 within the same calendar year. A latent growth model was used to explore the developmental change of NSSI; structural equation modeling was constructed to explore the mediating role of self-compassion and peer attachment.

Results

The results showed that the frequency of NSSI occurred at a very low level among Chinese adolescents and decreased significantly over the year. Childhood emotional abuse positively predicted the initial level of NSSI and negatively predicted the rate of decline in NSSI. In addition, self-compassion and peer attachment partially mediate between childhood emotional abuse and the initial levels and rate of change in adolescent NSSI.

Conclusions

The findings suggested a downward trend in adolescent NSSI development over the one-year follow-up, and indicated that childhood emotional abuse is related to the development of NSSI. Additionally, the study suggested that increasing self-compassion and improving peer relationships offer opportunities for prevention and intervention for NSSI in adolescence.
背景非自杀性自伤(NSSI)是困扰一些青少年的一个令人担忧的健康问题,而童年情感虐待是导致非自杀性自伤的早期风险因素。然而,很少有研究侧重于确定童年情感虐待与 NSSI 发展轨迹之间关系的具体中介因素。自我同情和同伴依恋是影响 NSSI 的重要人内和人际因素。本研究以诺克的综合理论模型和自伤的四功能模型为基础,探讨青少年时期一年内NSSI的发展变化,以及自我同情(作为人内因素)和同伴依恋(作为人际因素)在童年情绪虐待与NSSI的初始水平和变化率之间的中介作用。参与者和方法共招募了1214名中国青少年(中=15.46,标差=0.71;男生737人,女生477人),在T1测量NSSI、童年情绪虐待、自我同情和同伴依恋,然后在同一日历年内的T2和T3再次评估NSSI。结果表明,中国青少年的NSSI发生频率很低,并在一年内显著下降。童年情感虐待对 NSSI 的初始水平具有正向预测作用,对 NSSI 的下降率具有负向预测作用。此外,自我同情和同伴依恋在童年情感虐待与青少年NSSI的初始水平和变化率之间起到了部分中介作用。结论研究结果表明,在一年的随访中,青少年NSSI的发展呈下降趋势,并表明童年情感虐待与NSSI的发展有关。此外,研究还表明,增加自我同情和改善同伴关系为预防和干预青少年 NSSI 提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Association between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness 童年创伤与青少年社交焦虑之间的关系:自我同情和孤独的中介作用。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107109
Yuanyuan Li , Haishan Tang , Wanglin Dong , Guangli Lu , Chaoran Chen

Background

Previous studies have shown a correlation between childhood trauma and social anxiety. However, the underlying mechanism of this association is not well understood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness.

Participants and setting

In total 1309 adolescents (531 of whom were female) were recruited, and their mean age was 15.4 ± 2.30 years.

Methods

Participants completed the Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Self-Compassion Scale, and University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among childhood trauma, self-compassion, loneliness, and social anxiety. The PROCESS Macro Model 80 was used for regression analysis to explore the mediating effects of self-compassion and loneliness on the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety.

Results

After controlling for the influence of gender and parental marital status, self-compassion mediated the association between childhood trauma and social anxiety, in which positive self-compassion alleviated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety, while negative self-compassion aggravated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. Furthermore, self-compassion and loneliness chain-mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety.

Conclusion

These results offer theoretical support for the research and intervention of adolescents' social anxiety, and are crucial for developing adolescents' mental health education and promoting interpersonal communication.
研究背景以往的研究表明,童年创伤与社交焦虑之间存在关联。然而,这种关联的内在机制尚不十分清楚:本研究旨在探讨青少年童年创伤与社交焦虑之间的关系,并探索自我同情和孤独感的中介作用:共招募了 1309 名青少年(其中 531 人为女性),他们的平均年龄为 15.4 ± 2.30 岁:参与者填写了青少年社交焦虑量表、童年创伤问卷简表、自我同情量表和加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表。为了研究童年创伤、自我同情、孤独感和社交焦虑之间的关系,我们进行了皮尔逊相关分析。使用 PROCESS Macro Model 80 进行回归分析,探讨自我同情和孤独感对童年创伤与社交焦虑之间关系的中介作用:在控制了性别和父母婚姻状况的影响后,自我同情对童年创伤与社交焦虑之间的关系起到了中介作用,其中积极的自我同情缓解了童年创伤与社交焦虑之间的关系,而消极的自我同情则加剧了童年创伤与社交焦虑之间的关系。此外,自我同情和孤独感连锁中介了童年创伤与社交焦虑之间的关系:这些结果为青少年社交焦虑的研究和干预提供了理论支持,对开展青少年心理健康教育和促进人际沟通至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
'They told me I was not a party in this case': Children's and young people's experiences of participation and exclusion in the criminal justice process following their sexual maltreatment. 他们告诉我,我不是本案的当事人":儿童和青少年在遭受性虐待后参与和被排除在刑事司法程序之外的经历。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107078
Jonathan Piamenta, Tali Gal

Background: Sexually abused adolescents face numerous challenges during criminal proceedings against their perpetrators, from the initial report and during investigations, prosecutorial preparations, and testifying in court. Despite international and national norms regarding children's right to participation in decision-making processes affecting them, its fulfillment throughout the criminal process against their abusers is often limited.

Objective: The paper aims to describe and conceptualize the experiences of sexually abused adolescents of their participation in decision-making junctures during the criminal process.

Participants and setting: This qualitative-phenomenological study is based on the narratives of twelve Israeli sexually exploited youth (aged 14-22) who were involved in criminal justice processes following their victimization.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed inductively, until reaching theoretical conceptualization.

Results: We identify four major themes shaping the ways young victims experienced their participation throughout the criminal process: (1) The extent to which clear and age-appropriate information was delivered to them; (2) participants' need for a trusting relationship; (3) experiences of being ignored and excluded; and (4) the use of manipulative or coercive methods toward the child. Participation experiences were heavily influenced by the behaviors and approaches of the people around the children, as emerging from the interviewees' narratives.

Conclusions: Findings suggest an understanding of young victims' participation in the criminal process as occurring within an eco-system, and demonstrate how people in the circles around them can promote or hinder their meaningful and safe participation in criminal processes. Further studies are needed to test these initial results in larger and representative samples.

背景:在对施暴者提起刑事诉讼的过程中,遭受性虐待的青少年从最初的报案到调查、起诉准备以及出庭作证,都面临着诸多挑战。尽管国际和国内规范都规定儿童有权参与对其有影响的决策过程,但在整个针对施虐者的刑事诉讼过程中,儿童参与权的实现往往受到限制:本文旨在描述遭受性虐待的青少年在刑事诉讼过程中参与决策过程的经历,并将其概念化:这项定性-现象学研究基于 12 名以色列性剥削青少年(14-22 岁)的叙述,他们在受害后参与了刑事司法程序:方法:进行半结构式访谈,并对访谈内容进行归纳分析,直至形成理论概念:我们确定了四大主题,这些主题影响着年轻受害者参与整个刑事诉讼过程的方式:(1)向他们提供清晰且适合其年龄的信息的程度;(2)参与者对信任关系的需求;(3)被忽视和排斥的经历;以及(4)对儿童使用的操纵或胁迫方法。从受访者的叙述中可以看出,参与经历在很大程度上受到儿童周围人的行为和方法的影响:研究结果表明,青少年受害者参与刑事诉讼过程是在一个生态系统中发生的,并证明了他们周围的人是如何促进或阻碍他们有意义和安全地参与刑事诉讼过程的。还需要进一步研究,以便在更大和更有代表性的样本中检验这些初步结果。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of consistency in complainants' evidence in the decision to prosecute child sexual abuse cases. 在决定起诉儿童性虐待案件时,申诉人证据的一致性非常重要。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107095
Natalie Martschuk, Judy Cashmore, Sarah Hoff, Patrick Parkinson, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Rita Shackel, Nicholas Cowdery, Martine B Powell

Background: Attrition of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases occurs at different stages of investigation, and only a small proportion of the cases reported to police are referred for prosecution. Different factors have been linked with the prosecution of CSA cases; however, little is known about how prosecutors determine which cases should proceed and which should not.

Objectives: This paper investigated criteria and thresholds used by prosecuting lawyers in deciding whether a child sexual abuse case should proceed.

Participants and setting: Fifty-six Australian prosecution case files (79 complainants; 58 defendants) were reviewed. The cases included contemporaneous and historical allegations of child sexual abuse, ranging from a single incident to repeated, protracted abuse over a decade.

Method: Written notes and emails in prosecutors' files were searched for perceptions of the complainants, decisions to proceed and verdicts.

Results: When a complainant was considered inconsistent in some way, giving rise to recorded concerns about their credibility or reliability, 82.3 % of these cases culminated in discontinuance or an acquittal. Conversely, 78 % of cases with complainants who were regarded as largely consistent throughout the investigation resulted in a conviction. Recorded issues with a complainant's memory of the events, cognitive capacity, and confusion about the alleged assault were not associated with case outcomes.

Conclusion: Most CSA cases that were referred for prosecution resulted in proceeding with charges against the defendant. Perceived issues with the consistency and credibility of the complainants' evidence were the most important decisional factors.

背景:儿童性虐待(CSA)案件在调查的不同阶段都会出现减员现象,向警方报案的案件中只有一小部分被移交起诉。不同的因素与 CSA 案件的起诉有关;然而,人们对检察官如何决定哪些案件应继续审理,哪些案件不应继续审理知之甚少:本文调查了公诉律师在决定是否继续审理儿童性虐待案件时所使用的标准和门槛:本文审查了 56 份澳大利亚起诉案件卷宗(79 名原告;58 名被告)。这些案件包括当时的和历史上的儿童性虐待指控,从单一事件到十年间反复、长期的虐待:方法:搜索检察官档案中的书面记录和电子邮件,以了解对申诉人的看法、起诉决定和判决结果:如果认为投诉人在某些方面前后不一致,从而对其可信度或可靠性产生记录在案的疑虑,那么这些案件中有 82.3% 最终会中止或无罪释放。相反,78%的案件的投诉人在整个调查过程中被认为基本一致,最终被定罪。申诉人对事件的记忆、认知能力和对所称攻击行为的混淆等记录在案的问题与案件结果无关:大多数移送起诉的 CSA 案件最终都对被告提出了指控。认为申诉人证据的一致性和可信度存在问题是最重要的决定因素。
{"title":"The importance of consistency in complainants' evidence in the decision to prosecute child sexual abuse cases.","authors":"Natalie Martschuk, Judy Cashmore, Sarah Hoff, Patrick Parkinson, Jane Goodman-Delahunty, Rita Shackel, Nicholas Cowdery, Martine B Powell","doi":"10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attrition of child sexual abuse (CSA) cases occurs at different stages of investigation, and only a small proportion of the cases reported to police are referred for prosecution. Different factors have been linked with the prosecution of CSA cases; however, little is known about how prosecutors determine which cases should proceed and which should not.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper investigated criteria and thresholds used by prosecuting lawyers in deciding whether a child sexual abuse case should proceed.</p><p><strong>Participants and setting: </strong>Fifty-six Australian prosecution case files (79 complainants; 58 defendants) were reviewed. The cases included contemporaneous and historical allegations of child sexual abuse, ranging from a single incident to repeated, protracted abuse over a decade.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Written notes and emails in prosecutors' files were searched for perceptions of the complainants, decisions to proceed and verdicts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When a complainant was considered inconsistent in some way, giving rise to recorded concerns about their credibility or reliability, 82.3 % of these cases culminated in discontinuance or an acquittal. Conversely, 78 % of cases with complainants who were regarded as largely consistent throughout the investigation resulted in a conviction. Recorded issues with a complainant's memory of the events, cognitive capacity, and confusion about the alleged assault were not associated with case outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most CSA cases that were referred for prosecution resulted in proceeding with charges against the defendant. Perceived issues with the consistency and credibility of the complainants' evidence were the most important decisional factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51343,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse & Neglect","volume":"158 ","pages":"107095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Child Abuse & Neglect
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