Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104206
Julio Gálvez , Gonzalo Paz-Pardo
Households face earnings risk which is non-normal and varies by age and over the income distribution. We show that allowing for rich features of earnings dynamics, in the context of a structurally estimated life-cycle portfolio choice model, helps to rationalize the limited stock market participation and the low risky asset holdings of households. Because people are subject to more background risk than previously considered, the estimated model implies a substantially lower coefficient of risk aversion and lower stock market participation costs. Older workers and higher earners are exposed to negatively skewed risk and choose lower stock exposures.
{"title":"Richer earnings dynamics, consumption and portfolio choice over the life cycle","authors":"Julio Gálvez , Gonzalo Paz-Pardo","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Households face earnings risk which is non-normal and varies by age and over the income distribution. We show that allowing for rich features of earnings dynamics, in the context of a structurally estimated life-cycle portfolio choice model, helps to rationalize the limited stock market participation and the low risky asset holdings of households. Because people are subject to more background risk than previously considered, the estimated model implies a substantially lower coefficient of risk aversion and lower stock market participation costs. Older workers and higher earners are exposed to negatively skewed risk and choose lower stock exposures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104206"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104208
Mete Kılıç, Şelale Tüzel
We document that 20% of Compustat firms exhibit above-median investment rates despite having below-median marginal product of capital (MPK), seemingly “misallocating” resources. These firms are typically younger and more likely to experience substantial upwards jumps in sales and MPK in subsequent years. They contribute significantly to innovation, and their investments predict future aggregate productivity, creating value beyond their current MPK. We propose and estimate a simple endogenous firm growth model that captures key cross-sectional features and enables counterfactual analysis. Ignoring the potential for future jumps in hypothetical investment policies reduces MPK and investment dispersion but also lowers aggregate productivity.
{"title":"Investing in misallocation","authors":"Mete Kılıç, Şelale Tüzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We document that 20% of Compustat firms exhibit above-median investment rates despite having below-median marginal product of capital (MPK), seemingly “misallocating” resources. These firms are typically younger and more likely to experience substantial upwards jumps in sales and MPK in subsequent years. They contribute significantly to innovation, and their investments predict future aggregate productivity, creating value beyond their current MPK. We propose and estimate a simple endogenous firm growth model that captures key cross-sectional features and enables counterfactual analysis. Ignoring the potential for future jumps in hypothetical investment policies reduces MPK and investment dispersion but also lowers aggregate productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104202
Francesco D’Acunto , Pulak Ghosh , Alberto G. Rossi
We study the nature and effects of cultural biases in choice under risk and uncertainty by comparing peer-to-peer loans the same individuals (lenders) make alone and after observing robo-advised suggestions. When unassisted, lenders are more likely to choose co-ethnic borrowers, facing 8% higher defaults and 7.3pp lower returns. Robo-advising does not affect diversification but reduces lending to high-risk co-ethnic borrowers. Lenders in locations with high inter-ethnic animus drive the results, even when borrowers reside elsewhere. Biased beliefs explain these results better than a conscious taste for discrimination: lenders rarely override robo-advised matches to ethnicities they discriminated against when unassisted.
{"title":"How costly are cultural biases? Evidence from FinTech","authors":"Francesco D’Acunto , Pulak Ghosh , Alberto G. Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the nature and effects of cultural biases in choice under risk and uncertainty by comparing peer-to-peer loans the same individuals (<em>lenders</em>) make alone and after observing robo-advised suggestions. When unassisted, lenders are more likely to choose co-ethnic borrowers, facing 8% higher defaults and 7.3pp lower returns. Robo-advising does not affect diversification but reduces lending to high-risk co-ethnic borrowers. Lenders in locations with high inter-ethnic animus drive the results, even when borrowers reside elsewhere. Biased beliefs explain these results better than a conscious taste for discrimination: lenders rarely override robo-advised matches to ethnicities they discriminated against when unassisted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104202"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145509513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104190
Quentin Vandeweyer , Minghao Yang , Constantine Yannelis
This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to the stock market through investors’ discount factors. To isolate this channel, we investigate the effect of US monetary policy surprises on the ratio of prices of the same stock listed simultaneously in Hong Kong and Mainland China. We identify a strong discount rate channel driven exclusively by cycle-amplifying surprises, defined as rate cuts during easing cycles and surprise hikes during tightening cycles. A 100 basis point of such cycle-amplifying surprise induces a 30 basis point change in the price ratio within five days.
{"title":"Discount factors and monetary policy: Evidence from dual-listed stocks","authors":"Quentin Vandeweyer , Minghao Yang , Constantine Yannelis","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the transmission of monetary policy to the stock market through investors’ discount factors. To isolate this channel, we investigate the effect of US monetary policy surprises on the ratio of prices of the same stock listed simultaneously in Hong Kong and Mainland China. We identify a strong discount rate channel driven exclusively by cycle-amplifying surprises, defined as rate cuts during easing cycles and surprise hikes during tightening cycles. A 100 basis point of such cycle-amplifying surprise induces a 30 basis point change in the price ratio within five days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104190"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104192
Matteo Crosignani , Lina Han , Marco Macchiavelli , André F. Silva
To safeguard its technological leadership, the U.S. has restricted domestic suppliers from exporting cutting-edge technologies to selected Chinese firms. Domestic firms affected by these export controls halt sales to Chinese customers, as intended, but struggle to establish new relations with alternative customers domestically or in politically aligned regions. Consequently, domestic suppliers experience sizable losses in market capitalization, along with reductions in profitability, employment, and bank lending. Chinese firms are more proactive in reconfiguring supply chains, though not without costs. Overall, export controls impose larger costs on U.S. firms developing the very technologies these policies aim to protect.
{"title":"Securing technological leadership? The cost of export controls on firms","authors":"Matteo Crosignani , Lina Han , Marco Macchiavelli , André F. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To safeguard its technological leadership, the U.S. has restricted domestic suppliers from exporting cutting-edge technologies to selected Chinese firms. Domestic firms affected by these export controls halt sales to Chinese customers, as intended, but struggle to establish new relations with alternative customers domestically or in politically aligned regions. Consequently, domestic suppliers experience sizable losses in market capitalization, along with reductions in profitability, employment, and bank lending. Chinese firms are more proactive in reconfiguring supply chains, though not without costs. Overall, export controls impose larger costs on U.S. firms developing the very technologies these policies aim to protect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104189
Mengyu Wang , Jeffrey Wurgler , Hong Zhang
Policy uncertainty can undermine the power of government subsidies to stimulate environmentally friendly research and development. We show that Chinese firms’ green R&D falls as the uncertainty of environmental subsidies rises: Exogenous, weather-driven air pollution variability induces subsidies to fluctuate, and firms in areas with high weather-driven subsidy variability undertake less green R&D and hire fewer technical employees, controlling for the average level of subsidies. Heavy emitters and environmental technology firms are more affected. The results also illustrate how policy uncertainty can arise when policymakers are influenced by conditions that are salient but with causes that are difficult to disentangle.
{"title":"Policy uncertainty reduces green innovation","authors":"Mengyu Wang , Jeffrey Wurgler , Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Policy uncertainty can undermine the power of government subsidies to stimulate environmentally friendly research and development. We show that Chinese firms’ green R&D falls as the uncertainty of environmental subsidies rises: Exogenous, weather-driven air pollution variability induces subsidies to fluctuate, and firms in areas with high weather-driven subsidy variability undertake less green R&D and hire fewer technical employees, controlling for the average level of subsidies. Heavy emitters and environmental technology firms are more affected. The results also illustrate how policy uncertainty can arise when policymakers are influenced by conditions that are salient but with causes that are difficult to disentangle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104189"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104167
Joshua Blonz , Brigitte Roth Tran , Erin Troland
We use individual-level credit data to study how recent declines in Appalachian coal mining affected household finances between 2011 and 2018. Using exogenous variation in electricity sector demand for coal, we find declines in coal demand decreased credit scores and increased financial distress within two years of coal shocks. These effects cannot be explained solely by job losses in coal mine worker households. Credit score declines and financial distress were largest among older individuals and people with lower-middle credit scores. Our results suggest the transition away from fossil fuels may impose meaningful costs on other fossil fuel extraction communities.
{"title":"The canary in the coal decline: Appalachian household finance and the transition from fossil fuels","authors":"Joshua Blonz , Brigitte Roth Tran , Erin Troland","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use individual-level credit data to study how recent declines in Appalachian coal mining affected household finances between 2011 and 2018. Using exogenous variation in electricity sector demand for coal, we find declines in coal demand decreased credit scores and increased financial distress within two years of coal shocks. These effects cannot be explained solely by job losses in coal mine worker households. Credit score declines and financial distress were largest among older individuals and people with lower-middle credit scores. Our results suggest the transition away from fossil fuels may impose meaningful costs on other fossil fuel extraction communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104188
Magnus Dahlquist , Markus Ibert
We study the equity, cash, and corporate bond risk premium expectations of asset managers, investment consultants, wealth advisors, public pension funds, and professional forecasters. Subjective risk premia vary one-to-one with objective risk premia that are available in real time and countercyclical. Despite their significant time-series variation, several subjective equity premia vary more in the cross-section of institutions than in the time series. This heterogeneity persists both over time and across asset classes. We tie the heterogeneity in subjective equity return expectations to heterogeneous expectations about long-term equity valuations: some institutions believe that the price–earnings ratio behaves like a random walk, whereas others believe in varying degrees of mean reversion.
{"title":"Institutions’ return expectations across assets and time","authors":"Magnus Dahlquist , Markus Ibert","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the equity, cash, and corporate bond risk premium expectations of asset managers, investment consultants, wealth advisors, public pension funds, and professional forecasters. Subjective risk premia vary one-to-one with objective risk premia that are available in real time and countercyclical. Despite their significant time-series variation, several subjective equity premia vary more in the cross-section of institutions than in the time series. This heterogeneity persists both over time and across asset classes. We tie the heterogeneity in subjective equity return expectations to heterogeneous expectations about long-term equity valuations: some institutions believe that the price–earnings ratio behaves like a random walk, whereas others believe in varying degrees of mean reversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104188"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104187
Scott R. Baker , Nicholas Bloom , Steven J. Davis , Kyle Kost
We use newspapers to create Equity Market Volatility (EMV) trackers at daily and monthly frequencies. Our headline EMV tracker moves closely with the VIX and the S&P500 returns volatility in and out of sample. We exploit the volume of newspaper text to construct forty category-specific EMV trackers. News about commodity markets, interest rates, real estate markets, aggregate activity, and inflation figure prominently in EMV articles. Policy news is another major source of market volatility: 30 % of EMV articles discuss tax policy, 30 % discuss monetary policy, and 25 % refer to some form of regulation. Combining our newspaper-based trackers with textual analysis of 10-K filings, we obtain monthly firm-level risk exposure measures. These measures help explain the cross-sectional structure of realized volatilities and its evolution over time, even after conditioning on firm and time fixed effects.
{"title":"Policy news and stock market volatility","authors":"Scott R. Baker , Nicholas Bloom , Steven J. Davis , Kyle Kost","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2025.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use newspapers to create Equity Market Volatility (EMV) trackers at daily and monthly frequencies. Our headline EMV tracker moves closely with the VIX and the S&P500 returns volatility in and out of sample. We exploit the volume of newspaper text to construct forty category-specific EMV trackers. News about commodity markets, interest rates, real estate markets, aggregate activity, and inflation figure prominently in EMV articles. Policy news is another major source of market volatility: 30 % of EMV articles discuss tax policy, 30 % discuss monetary policy, and 25 % refer to some form of regulation. Combining our newspaper-based trackers with textual analysis of 10-K filings, we obtain monthly firm-level risk exposure measures. These measures help explain the cross-sectional structure of realized volatilities and its evolution over time, even after conditioning on firm and time fixed effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Financial Economics","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104187"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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