Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/00420980241263436
Lina Naoroz Bråten
This paper discusses how Tactical Urbanism aligns with the principles of the ‘open city’ framework. The ‘open city’ is often theorised as the urban condition that best welcomes diverse and flexible use of a city’s public spaces. However, the nature of the planning system at its core is to control and predict urban development, thereby effectively reinforcing the principle of a ‘closed city’ with more fixed and rigid forms. One counter-reaction to the ‘closed city’ is the Tactical Urbanism movement, which applies principles of simple, low-cost, and often temporary public space interventions to achieve and accelerate change. Such interventions can create more ‘open’ and inclusive urban environments, enabling diversity and flexibility. However, Tactical Urbanism is applied in multiple forms by different actors with varying intentions and goals. In this paper, I question the role of Tactical Urbanism in congruence with the theoretical framework of the ‘open (and vibrant) city’, drawing attention to how tactical interventions are used to brand new development projects. Doing so, I ask if Tactical Urbanism can be (mis)used merely as ‘temporary temporariness’ to serve top-down planning strategies, resulting in the ‘closed city’.
{"title":"Temporary temporariness? The (mis)use of tactical urbanism from the ‘open city’ framework","authors":"Lina Naoroz Bråten","doi":"10.1177/00420980241263436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241263436","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses how Tactical Urbanism aligns with the principles of the ‘open city’ framework. The ‘open city’ is often theorised as the urban condition that best welcomes diverse and flexible use of a city’s public spaces. However, the nature of the planning system at its core is to control and predict urban development, thereby effectively reinforcing the principle of a ‘closed city’ with more fixed and rigid forms. One counter-reaction to the ‘closed city’ is the Tactical Urbanism movement, which applies principles of simple, low-cost, and often temporary public space interventions to achieve and accelerate change. Such interventions can create more ‘open’ and inclusive urban environments, enabling diversity and flexibility. However, Tactical Urbanism is applied in multiple forms by different actors with varying intentions and goals. In this paper, I question the role of Tactical Urbanism in congruence with the theoretical framework of the ‘open (and vibrant) city’, drawing attention to how tactical interventions are used to brand new development projects. Doing so, I ask if Tactical Urbanism can be (mis)used merely as ‘temporary temporariness’ to serve top-down planning strategies, resulting in the ‘closed city’.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1177/00420980241263191
Yeonhwa Lee, Vincent J Reina
Neighbourhood satisfaction is an important facet of life and consideration for policy, as it affects one’s quality of life and well-being, as well as broader residential mobility patterns. While studies have addressed gentrification’s various outcomes, especially residential displacement, few have investigated the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction. Using data from the 2016 Philadelphia Housing and Neighbourhood Survey and mixed-effects logistic regression models, this paper explores the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction, examining how it varies by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. We find that, while gentrification is overall positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction, its effect on neighbourhood satisfaction is heterogeneous by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. Specifically, when examined by type, only moderate gentrification is positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction. Hispanic residents and non-Hispanic Black residents are less likely to be satisfied in gentrifying neighbourhoods than in non-gentrifying neighbourhoods. Lastly, gentrification is not significantly associated with neighbourhood satisfaction among long-term residents.
{"title":"Gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction: A study of Philadelphia","authors":"Yeonhwa Lee, Vincent J Reina","doi":"10.1177/00420980241263191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241263191","url":null,"abstract":"Neighbourhood satisfaction is an important facet of life and consideration for policy, as it affects one’s quality of life and well-being, as well as broader residential mobility patterns. While studies have addressed gentrification’s various outcomes, especially residential displacement, few have investigated the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction. Using data from the 2016 Philadelphia Housing and Neighbourhood Survey and mixed-effects logistic regression models, this paper explores the relationship between gentrification and neighbourhood satisfaction, examining how it varies by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. We find that, while gentrification is overall positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction, its effect on neighbourhood satisfaction is heterogeneous by gentrification type, respondent race, and length of residence. Specifically, when examined by type, only moderate gentrification is positively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction. Hispanic residents and non-Hispanic Black residents are less likely to be satisfied in gentrifying neighbourhoods than in non-gentrifying neighbourhoods. Lastly, gentrification is not significantly associated with neighbourhood satisfaction among long-term residents.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1177/00420980241275030
Dodi Fanhalen Siregar, Tri Lestari Ning Tias, M. Ramlan, Jean Claudia De Soysa
{"title":"Book review: Climate Change and Urban Environment Sustainability","authors":"Dodi Fanhalen Siregar, Tri Lestari Ning Tias, M. Ramlan, Jean Claudia De Soysa","doi":"10.1177/00420980241275030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241275030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1177/00420980241264646
Yong-Chan Kim, Miran Pyun, Hyejin Shin, Lu Fang
The purpose of this study is to examine how localised information and communication technologies (ICTs) use is related to interactions with local familiar strangers, from the perspective of communication infrastructure theory. More specifically, we examine (1) how individuals differ in terms of their relationships with local familiar strangers; (2) how individual-level socio-economic factors affect the scope and intensity of such relationships; (3) which individual-level communication factors (i.e. integrated connectedness to a community storytelling network, or ICSN) come into play in such relationships; and (4) how individual use of ICT affects the scope and intensity of such relationships. This study uses in-person survey data ( n = 2001) collected in Seoul in the autumn of 2019. We found that more than half of the respondents communicate at least occasionally with local familiar strangers in their neighbourhoods. However, there were relatively fewer interactions with local familiar strangers from local businesses and local institutions. Females, older people and the more educated were more likely to interact with local familiar strangers. ICSN was positively and strongly associated with interactions with local familiar strangers. Localised ICT use was generally negatively related to interactions with local familiar strangers. This negative relationship between localised ICT use and interaction with local familiar strangers is moderated by ICSN. For residents with lower ICSN, localised ICT use and interactions with local familiar strangers were clearly negatively related, and for those with higher ICSN, the two variables assume a U-shaped relationship.
{"title":"Local familiar strangers in digitalising urban neighbourhoods in Seoul","authors":"Yong-Chan Kim, Miran Pyun, Hyejin Shin, Lu Fang","doi":"10.1177/00420980241264646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241264646","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine how localised information and communication technologies (ICTs) use is related to interactions with local familiar strangers, from the perspective of communication infrastructure theory. More specifically, we examine (1) how individuals differ in terms of their relationships with local familiar strangers; (2) how individual-level socio-economic factors affect the scope and intensity of such relationships; (3) which individual-level communication factors (i.e. integrated connectedness to a community storytelling network, or ICSN) come into play in such relationships; and (4) how individual use of ICT affects the scope and intensity of such relationships. This study uses in-person survey data ( n = 2001) collected in Seoul in the autumn of 2019. We found that more than half of the respondents communicate at least occasionally with local familiar strangers in their neighbourhoods. However, there were relatively fewer interactions with local familiar strangers from local businesses and local institutions. Females, older people and the more educated were more likely to interact with local familiar strangers. ICSN was positively and strongly associated with interactions with local familiar strangers. Localised ICT use was generally negatively related to interactions with local familiar strangers. This negative relationship between localised ICT use and interaction with local familiar strangers is moderated by ICSN. For residents with lower ICSN, localised ICT use and interactions with local familiar strangers were clearly negatively related, and for those with higher ICSN, the two variables assume a U-shaped relationship.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00420980241265594
Lallen T Johnson, Malcolm Guy
Prior studies find that neighbourhoods abutting gentrifying spaces are viewed as ideal for capital investments and thereby subjected to increased police attention. Yet the categorical operationalisation of gentrification in such work presents limitations, particularly given that it is a spatial process. This area of scholarship also warrants a theoretical explanation of the diffusion of urban redevelopment and disorder policing. We address these voids by integrating the literatures of urban studies and crime and deviance to theorise the linkage between nearby gentrification and disorder policing. Using negative binomial regression models to analyse three years of arrest records from the Washington, DC Metropolitan Police Department, we find that the occurrence of gentrification in nearby block groups is associated with increased order maintenance arrests in the average block group. This work demonstrates that the risk of disorder-related regulation extends beyond the bounds of high-value communities, further exposing socioeconomically marginalised groups to the risks of criminal justice contact.
{"title":"Proximity to gentrification and order maintenance policing: How the diffusion of urban renewal amplifies formal social control","authors":"Lallen T Johnson, Malcolm Guy","doi":"10.1177/00420980241265594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241265594","url":null,"abstract":"Prior studies find that neighbourhoods abutting gentrifying spaces are viewed as ideal for capital investments and thereby subjected to increased police attention. Yet the categorical operationalisation of gentrification in such work presents limitations, particularly given that it is a spatial process. This area of scholarship also warrants a theoretical explanation of the diffusion of urban redevelopment and disorder policing. We address these voids by integrating the literatures of urban studies and crime and deviance to theorise the linkage between nearby gentrification and disorder policing. Using negative binomial regression models to analyse three years of arrest records from the Washington, DC Metropolitan Police Department, we find that the occurrence of gentrification in nearby block groups is associated with increased order maintenance arrests in the average block group. This work demonstrates that the risk of disorder-related regulation extends beyond the bounds of high-value communities, further exposing socioeconomically marginalised groups to the risks of criminal justice contact.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00420980241264722
Priscilla Santos, Daniel Malet Calvo, Jordi Nofre
This article explores the ambivalent role of a grassroots cultural and activist association and its forced displacement between two districts as a result of the rapidly advancing frontier of gentrification in the city of Lisbon (Portugal). Strong institutional and private pressures led to the eviction of the association from its former location in the now gentrified Bairro Alto and its relocation to Intendente, a formerly degraded and excluded area currently undergoing a transition to marginal gentrification. By combining documentary research of secondary sources and exploratory ethnography that includes interviews with key informants, this article examines how the association has navigated between resistance against urban neoliberalism and its own (unwanted) contribution to the dynamics of marginal gentrification. It concludes by highlighting the need to deepen analysis of the ambivalent nature of activist associations campaigning for the right to the city, while providing clues for understanding how grassroots organisations resist, survive and/or collaborate with the manifold processes of urban change.
{"title":"Navigating between resistance and unintentional collaboration: The role of left-wing grassroots associations in the tourist city","authors":"Priscilla Santos, Daniel Malet Calvo, Jordi Nofre","doi":"10.1177/00420980241264722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241264722","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the ambivalent role of a grassroots cultural and activist association and its forced displacement between two districts as a result of the rapidly advancing frontier of gentrification in the city of Lisbon (Portugal). Strong institutional and private pressures led to the eviction of the association from its former location in the now gentrified Bairro Alto and its relocation to Intendente, a formerly degraded and excluded area currently undergoing a transition to marginal gentrification. By combining documentary research of secondary sources and exploratory ethnography that includes interviews with key informants, this article examines how the association has navigated between resistance against urban neoliberalism and its own (unwanted) contribution to the dynamics of marginal gentrification. It concludes by highlighting the need to deepen analysis of the ambivalent nature of activist associations campaigning for the right to the city, while providing clues for understanding how grassroots organisations resist, survive and/or collaborate with the manifold processes of urban change.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00420980241266175
Kristian J Ruming, Sha Liu, Simon Pinnegar, Laura Crommelin, Charles Gillon, Hazel Easthope
Suburbs are at the forefront of urban change, with urban policy looking to increase the density of suburban centres. Thus, the compact city has emerged as a dominant urban policy paradigm, where policy settings are configured to enable densification in designated centres. For some, this is a form of post-suburbanism, characterised by new drivers, experiences and outcomes of suburban redevelopment pressures. However, suburban densification can emerge as a site of contestation as diverse interests, such as residents, developers and governments, come together. We explore three suburban centres in Sydney, Australia, to identify the diverse array of resident positions, objectives and strategies that emerge in response to suburban densification. Drawing from literature on NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard), YIMBY (yes-in-my-backyard) and urban growth machines, we establish an analytical framework that disrupts simple pro- and anti-development positions, identifying five resident groups: supporters; resisters; opponents; expansionists; and beneficiaries.
{"title":"Delivering suburban densification: Diverse resident groups and strategies of support and resistance","authors":"Kristian J Ruming, Sha Liu, Simon Pinnegar, Laura Crommelin, Charles Gillon, Hazel Easthope","doi":"10.1177/00420980241266175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241266175","url":null,"abstract":"Suburbs are at the forefront of urban change, with urban policy looking to increase the density of suburban centres. Thus, the compact city has emerged as a dominant urban policy paradigm, where policy settings are configured to enable densification in designated centres. For some, this is a form of post-suburbanism, characterised by new drivers, experiences and outcomes of suburban redevelopment pressures. However, suburban densification can emerge as a site of contestation as diverse interests, such as residents, developers and governments, come together. We explore three suburban centres in Sydney, Australia, to identify the diverse array of resident positions, objectives and strategies that emerge in response to suburban densification. Drawing from literature on NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard), YIMBY (yes-in-my-backyard) and urban growth machines, we establish an analytical framework that disrupts simple pro- and anti-development positions, identifying five resident groups: supporters; resisters; opponents; expansionists; and beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/00420980241264715
Charlotte Rochell
What happens to firms’ innovation activities when new firms enter or leave their urban neighbourhood? We empirically explore the role of knowledge spillovers through firm dynamics using firm-level panel data from Berlin. The results indicate that an increase in firm activities in the neighbourhood through entries and influx positively relates to incumbents’ innovation activities. This finding is restricted to diversity externalities which work on a very small microgeographic scale, vanishing already after a quarter of a kilometre. For specialisation externalities through firm dynamics, we cannot find a link to innovation in incumbents.
{"title":"Firm dynamics in urban neighbourhoods and innovation: A microgeographic analysis","authors":"Charlotte Rochell","doi":"10.1177/00420980241264715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241264715","url":null,"abstract":"What happens to firms’ innovation activities when new firms enter or leave their urban neighbourhood? We empirically explore the role of knowledge spillovers through firm dynamics using firm-level panel data from Berlin. The results indicate that an increase in firm activities in the neighbourhood through entries and influx positively relates to incumbents’ innovation activities. This finding is restricted to diversity externalities which work on a very small microgeographic scale, vanishing already after a quarter of a kilometre. For specialisation externalities through firm dynamics, we cannot find a link to innovation in incumbents.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/00420980241262227
Zahra Nasreen, Nicole Gurran, Pranita Shrestha
This article examines real estate platforms and the data they generate to provide new insights into housing markets and practices, focusing on lower-cost and informal sectors, where building or rental regulations are often bypassed or contravened. We examine online listings advertised in Sydney, one of the most expensive cities in Australia and the world, compiling data from four dominant platforms – Realestate.com.au, Flatmates.com.au, Gumtree.com.au and Airbnb.com – each of which offers a particular type of rental accommodation. Using these datasets, we identify a typology of lower-cost and informal tenures and dwelling units, ranging from secondary dwellings and illegally subdivided apartments to shared accommodation and precarious rental agreements. Our study highlights a supplementary supply of rental housing, operating within the conventional private rental market, accessed and made visible via the platforms we examine. Applying a statistical regression approach, we examine relationships between concentrations of informal housing supply and socio-economic variables. The findings reveal intersections between digital platforms and evolving informal market practices and have implications for urban planning and housing policy.
{"title":"Supplementary rental supply? The digital market for low-cost and informal housing in Sydney, Australia","authors":"Zahra Nasreen, Nicole Gurran, Pranita Shrestha","doi":"10.1177/00420980241262227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980241262227","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines real estate platforms and the data they generate to provide new insights into housing markets and practices, focusing on lower-cost and informal sectors, where building or rental regulations are often bypassed or contravened. We examine online listings advertised in Sydney, one of the most expensive cities in Australia and the world, compiling data from four dominant platforms – Realestate.com.au, Flatmates.com.au, Gumtree.com.au and Airbnb.com – each of which offers a particular type of rental accommodation. Using these datasets, we identify a typology of lower-cost and informal tenures and dwelling units, ranging from secondary dwellings and illegally subdivided apartments to shared accommodation and precarious rental agreements. Our study highlights a supplementary supply of rental housing, operating within the conventional private rental market, accessed and made visible via the platforms we examine. Applying a statistical regression approach, we examine relationships between concentrations of informal housing supply and socio-economic variables. The findings reveal intersections between digital platforms and evolving informal market practices and have implications for urban planning and housing policy.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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