Brian C. Thiede, Joyce J. Chen, Valerie Mueller, Carolynne Hultquist, Zarmeen Salim
An abundant demographic literature examines the impacts of climatic and environmental change on human migration and health. However, somewhat less is known about the effects of environmental changes, especially flood events, on fertility despite plausible reasons to expect such impacts. We address this gap by examining the relationship between exposure to flooding and fertility in Bangladesh, which has experienced several catastrophic flood events in recent decades. We link birth records from the Demographic and Health Survey with satellite‐derived measures of flooding from 2001 through 2018 and fit regression models to measure the effects of flood exposures on the probability of live births in subsequent years. To explore pathways, we also construct and analyze panels of women's entry into first marriage and mortality among under‐5 children. Flooding has uneven effects on fertility across the target population. We detect statistically and substantively meaningful flood‐related increases in childbearing among less‐educated and higher parity women but find flood‐related fertility declines among childless women and those in urban areas. Results also suggest that flood‐related delays in marriage among urban women may explain their reductions in fertility. However, findings otherwise provide little systematic evidence that marriage and child mortality mediate the links between flood exposures and fertility.
大量的人口统计学文献研究了气候和环境变化对人类移徙和健康的影响。然而，人们对环境变化，特别是洪水事件对生育力的影响知之甚少，尽管有合理的理由预期这种影响。我们通过研究近几十年来经历了几次灾难性洪水事件的孟加拉国的洪水暴露与生育率之间的关系来解决这一差距。我们将人口与健康调查（Demographic and Health Survey）的出生记录与2001年至2018年的卫星衍生洪水测量数据联系起来，并拟合回归模型，以测量洪水暴露对随后年份活产概率的影响。为了探索其中的途径，我们还构建并分析了妇女首次结婚和5岁以下儿童死亡率的小组。洪水对目标人口的生育率影响不均衡。我们发现，在受教育程度较低和胎次较高的妇女中，与洪水相关的生育率增加具有统计意义和实质性意义，但在无子女妇女和城市地区，与洪水相关的生育率下降。研究结果还表明，城市女性中与洪水相关的婚姻延迟可能解释了她们生育率下降的原因。然而，除此之外，这些发现几乎没有提供系统的证据来证明婚姻和儿童死亡率在洪水暴露和生育率之间起到了中介作用。
{"title":"It's Raining Babies? Flood Exposures and Fertility in Bangladesh","authors":"Brian C. Thiede, Joyce J. Chen, Valerie Mueller, Carolynne Hultquist, Zarmeen Salim","doi":"10.1111/padr.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70030","url":null,"abstract":"An abundant demographic literature examines the impacts of climatic and environmental change on human migration and health. However, somewhat less is known about the effects of environmental changes, especially flood events, on fertility despite plausible reasons to expect such impacts. We address this gap by examining the relationship between exposure to flooding and fertility in Bangladesh, which has experienced several catastrophic flood events in recent decades. We link birth records from the Demographic and Health Survey with satellite‐derived measures of flooding from 2001 through 2018 and fit regression models to measure the effects of flood exposures on the probability of live births in subsequent years. To explore pathways, we also construct and analyze panels of women's entry into first marriage and mortality among under‐5 children. Flooding has uneven effects on fertility across the target population. We detect statistically and substantively meaningful flood‐related increases in childbearing among less‐educated and higher parity women but find flood‐related fertility declines among childless women and those in urban areas. Results also suggest that flood‐related delays in marriage among urban women may explain their reductions in fertility. However, findings otherwise provide little systematic evidence that marriage and child mortality mediate the links between flood exposures and fertility.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael G. Muñoz, Guillermo Gómez Moreno, Clara Bueno López, Néstor Aldea, Michael Borchgrevink Lund, Alberto Palloni
In many modern populations, grandparents are increasingly becoming the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. This phenomenon has renewed interest in the role that grandparents play in within‐family intergenerational transfers. However, few studies investigate variation in these patterns across populations experiencing different demographic and epidemiological regimes. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 African countries and multilevel logistic regression models to assess the relationship between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's stunting. While our results confirm existing findings that co‐residence with grandmothers is associated with reduced grandchildren's stunting, unlike co‐residence with grandfathers, we observe substantial cross‐country heterogeneity. This is partly accounted for by contrasts between pre‐ and post‐transitional demographic regimes and, importantly, by differences in epidemiological regimes. Specifically, the beneficial role of grandparental co‐residence diminishes in older populations with higher life expectancy and outright disappears in populations with higher levels of chronic illness and disease. Micro‐level analysis of mechanisms reflecting population‐level demographic and epidemiological regimes, such as higher grandparental age, chronic conditions, and physical and cognitive abilities, confirms our population‐level findings. The implication is that net flows of support from grandparents to grandchildren diminish as societies undergo demographic and epidemiological transitions, weakening the positive association between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's health and development.
{"title":"Grandparental Co‐residence, Grandchildren's Nutrition, and the Role of Demographic and Health Regimes","authors":"Ismael G. Muñoz, Guillermo Gómez Moreno, Clara Bueno López, Néstor Aldea, Michael Borchgrevink Lund, Alberto Palloni","doi":"10.1111/padr.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70026","url":null,"abstract":"In many modern populations, grandparents are increasingly becoming the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. This phenomenon has renewed interest in the role that grandparents play in within‐family intergenerational transfers. However, few studies investigate variation in these patterns across populations experiencing different demographic and epidemiological regimes. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 African countries and multilevel logistic regression models to assess the relationship between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's stunting. While our results confirm existing findings that co‐residence with grandmothers is associated with reduced grandchildren's stunting, unlike co‐residence with grandfathers, we observe substantial cross‐country heterogeneity. This is partly accounted for by contrasts between pre‐ and post‐transitional demographic regimes and, importantly, by differences in epidemiological regimes. Specifically, the beneficial role of grandparental co‐residence diminishes in older populations with higher life expectancy and outright disappears in populations with higher levels of chronic illness and disease. Micro‐level analysis of mechanisms reflecting population‐level demographic and epidemiological regimes, such as higher grandparental age, chronic conditions, and physical and cognitive abilities, confirms our population‐level findings. The implication is that net flows of support from grandparents to grandchildren diminish as societies undergo demographic and epidemiological transitions, weakening the positive association between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's health and development.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145382270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Bonnet, Catalina Torres, Lionel Kesztenbaum, France Meslé
Over the past two centuries, European metropolises have transformed from urban graveyards to healthy cocoons. Despite its critical role in the history of longevity, this evolution remains underexplored due to limited detailed data. We leverage a newly harmonized dataset of high‐quality, cause‐specific mortality records to examine the rapid increase in life expectancy in Paris during the first half of the 20th century. Using a consistent cause‐of‐death classification from 1890 to 1949, we show that infectious diseases—particularly tuberculosis and respiratory infections—accounted for 60–70 percent of the 25‐year gain in life expectancy at age 1, with mortality reductions among children and young adults driving most of these improvements. We also document a profound shift in the causes behind the sex gap in life expectancy, from infectious diseases to cardiovascular and cancer‐related causes. Furthermore, our analysis of cause‐specific and socioeconomic data for Paris's 80 neighborhoods reveals pronounced social gradients in infectious mortality, with the poorest areas suffering the highest rates. These disparities widened during the early phase of the tuberculosis mortality decline, favoring wealthier areas, but narrowed in subsequent phases as public health improvements reached poorer neighborhoods.
{"title":"Life and Death in a Changing City: Mortality Patterns and Inequalities in Paris, 1890–1949","authors":"Florian Bonnet, Catalina Torres, Lionel Kesztenbaum, France Meslé","doi":"10.1111/padr.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70031","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two centuries, European metropolises have transformed from urban graveyards to healthy cocoons. Despite its critical role in the history of longevity, this evolution remains underexplored due to limited detailed data. We leverage a newly harmonized dataset of high‐quality, cause‐specific mortality records to examine the rapid increase in life expectancy in Paris during the first half of the 20th century. Using a consistent cause‐of‐death classification from 1890 to 1949, we show that infectious diseases—particularly tuberculosis and respiratory infections—accounted for 60–70 percent of the 25‐year gain in life expectancy at age 1, with mortality reductions among children and young adults driving most of these improvements. We also document a profound shift in the causes behind the sex gap in life expectancy, from infectious diseases to cardiovascular and cancer‐related causes. Furthermore, our analysis of cause‐specific and socioeconomic data for Paris's 80 neighborhoods reveals pronounced social gradients in infectious mortality, with the poorest areas suffering the highest rates. These disparities widened during the early phase of the tuberculosis mortality decline, favoring wealthier areas, but narrowed in subsequent phases as public health improvements reached poorer neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a novel approach to decomposing population change by identifying the separate contributions of fertility, mortality, net migration, and initial age structure using a stationary population model. The strength of this scenario‐based decomposition method lies in the additivity of the results: the contributions of these factors, along with the interaction effect, sum to equal the total population change. In addition, identifying the direct impact of initial age structure on population change offers new insights into the drivers of population dynamics. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) was one of the regions hit most by population decline between 1990 and 2020; however, it was marked by significant variation across countries. By decomposing population change, we found that the positive impact of the relatively young initial age structure in the CEE region was as large as the population‐reducing effect of negative net migration, while the positive impact of mortality improvement offset one‐third of the population‐reducing effect of low fertility. On the other hand, the initial age structure had a crucial role in explaining differences in country‐level population change during the study period.
{"title":"A New Approach to Understanding Population Change in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Csaba G. Tóth","doi":"10.1111/padr.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70029","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach to decomposing population change by identifying the separate contributions of fertility, mortality, net migration, and initial age structure using a stationary population model. The strength of this scenario‐based decomposition method lies in the additivity of the results: the contributions of these factors, along with the interaction effect, sum to equal the total population change. In addition, identifying the direct impact of initial age structure on population change offers new insights into the drivers of population dynamics. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) was one of the regions hit most by population decline between 1990 and 2020; however, it was marked by significant variation across countries. By decomposing population change, we found that the positive impact of the relatively young initial age structure in the CEE region was as large as the population‐reducing effect of negative net migration, while the positive impact of mortality improvement offset one‐third of the population‐reducing effect of low fertility. On the other hand, the initial age structure had a crucial role in explaining differences in country‐level population change during the study period.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extent to which women outlive men in the United States has fluctuated over the 20th century, with periods of equalization, stagnation, and increase. Women's life expectancy advantage declined for roughly four decades but resurged after 2012. This coincided with an increase in deaths of despair (deaths due to suicide, alcohol, and drugs), for which rates are higher among men than women. We decompose the gender gap in life expectancy from 1979 to 2022 in the United States by cause of death and find that deaths of despair explain the vast majority of the resurgence of women's life expectancy advantage since 2012, while its contribution to trends before 2012 is small relative to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and other causes of death. Drug‐related mortality drives almost all of the post‐2012 growth for White, Black, and Hispanic Americans alike, although its contribution is much higher for those without a college degree. Over the longer term, we show that deaths of despair have significantly offset the equalization of the gender gap in life expectancy since 1979. Our paper contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the role of anomic social processes as recent drivers of gender disparities in life expectancy.
{"title":"The Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in the United States and Deaths of Despair: Trends From 1979 to 2022","authors":"Rodrigo González‐Velastín, Christine R. Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/padr.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70028","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which women outlive men in the United States has fluctuated over the 20th century, with periods of equalization, stagnation, and increase. Women's life expectancy advantage declined for roughly four decades but resurged after 2012. This coincided with an increase in deaths of despair (deaths due to suicide, alcohol, and drugs), for which rates are higher among men than women. We decompose the gender gap in life expectancy from 1979 to 2022 in the United States by cause of death and find that deaths of despair explain the vast majority of the resurgence of women's life expectancy advantage since 2012, while its contribution to trends before 2012 is small relative to cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and other causes of death. Drug‐related mortality drives almost all of the post‐2012 growth for White, Black, and Hispanic Americans alike, although its contribution is much higher for those without a college degree. Over the longer term, we show that deaths of despair have significantly offset the equalization of the gender gap in life expectancy since 1979. Our paper contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the role of anomic social processes as recent drivers of gender disparities in life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immigrants typically have better health than natives upon arrival owing to health selection, but this advantage declines over time. This “Immigrant Health Paradox” (IHP) is generalized to all immigrant groups, without recognizing key differences between them. Research on the health of asylum seekers and refugees (AS&Rs) is mostly cross‐sectional, often lacks other immigrants or natives as control groups, and mainly focuses on psychopathological disorders. I bridge the literature on immigrant and AS&R health by investigating the health trajectories of AS&Rs vis‐à‐vis other immigrants and natives. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (2015–2022), I examine general health, health concerns, and SF‐12 physical and mental health for AS&Rs and other immigrants arriving in the first half of the 2010s. I confirm the IHP for non‐AS&R immigrants, while the health trajectories of AS&Rs are more complex. AS&Rs have a mental health disadvantage upon arrival that is gradually closed, while they have a health advantage for other outcomes that is stable or increasing before declining. AS&R women have worse health than men, especially upon arrival. Results are consistent across specifications, including fixed effects models. My findings question the generalizability of the IHP and the assumption that AS&Rs are a negatively selected group.
{"title":"A Refugee Health Paradox? Self‐Reported Health Trajectories of Refugees and Immigrants in Germany","authors":"Alessandro Ferrara","doi":"10.1111/padr.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70027","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants typically have better health than natives upon arrival owing to health selection, but this advantage declines over time. This “Immigrant Health Paradox” (IHP) is generalized to all immigrant groups, without recognizing key differences between them. Research on the health of asylum seekers and refugees (AS&Rs) is mostly cross‐sectional, often lacks other immigrants or natives as control groups, and mainly focuses on psychopathological disorders. I bridge the literature on immigrant and AS&R health by investigating the health trajectories of AS&Rs vis‐à‐vis other immigrants and natives. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (2015–2022), I examine general health, health concerns, and SF‐12 physical and mental health for AS&Rs and other immigrants arriving in the first half of the 2010s. I confirm the IHP for non‐AS&R immigrants, while the health trajectories of AS&Rs are more complex. AS&Rs have a mental health <jats:italic>disadvantage</jats:italic> upon arrival that is gradually closed, while they have a health <jats:italic>advantage</jats:italic> for other outcomes that is stable or increasing before declining. AS&R women have worse health than men, especially upon arrival. Results are consistent across specifications, including fixed effects models. My findings question the generalizability of the IHP and the assumption that AS&Rs are a negatively selected group.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study changes in abortions in Spain around the first COVID‐19 lockdown. We find a large drop (of 24 percent) in the number of abortions during and shortly after the strict lockdown in spring 2020. We explore to which extent the fall was driven by fewer (unintended) pregnancies due to social isolation versus restricted access to abortion services. We show that the drop was not more pronounced in areas located further away from abortion clinics nor in locations with more COVID‐19 hospitalizations. The fall in abortions was 45 percent larger among non‐cohabiting women (relative to cohabiting women, who experienced a 16 percent decline). We also document a 38 percent drop in the abortion ratio (abortions over pregnancies), driven exclusively by non‐cohabiting women. Overall, our results suggest that the main driver of the drop in abortions in Spain was a reduction in unintended pregnancies among single women during the lockdown, due to reduced social interactions.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID‐19 on Abortions in Spain","authors":"Sofia Karina Trommlerová, Libertad González","doi":"10.1111/padr.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70022","url":null,"abstract":"We study changes in abortions in Spain around the first COVID‐19 lockdown. We find a large drop (of 24 percent) in the number of abortions during and shortly after the strict lockdown in spring 2020. We explore to which extent the fall was driven by fewer (unintended) pregnancies due to social isolation versus restricted access to abortion services. We show that the drop was not more pronounced in areas located further away from abortion clinics nor in locations with more COVID‐19 hospitalizations. The fall in abortions was 45 percent larger among non‐cohabiting women (relative to cohabiting women, who experienced a 16 percent decline). We also document a 38 percent drop in the abortion ratio (abortions over pregnancies), driven exclusively by non‐cohabiting women. Overall, our results suggest that the main driver of the drop in abortions in Spain was a reduction in unintended pregnancies among single women during the lockdown, due to reduced social interactions.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been a growing interest in examining the relationship between concerns about the environment or climate change and fertility behavior. While research published in environmental science–oriented journals suggests that stronger environmental concerns are associated with lower fertility preferences, demographic studies have reported mixed findings. This study investigates whether the inconsistent findings result from treating environmental attitudes as a unidimensional construct, typically measured as environmental concern. Using 2010 and 2021 General Social Survey data and applying factor analysis, we identified two additional dimensions of environmental attitudes: behavioral commitment (willingness to change to protect the environment) and perceived danger from environmental threats. Multinomial and ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine relationships between these environmental attitude dimensions and ideal family size over time. Results show that the influence of environmental attitudes on fertility ideals has strengthened in recent years, increasingly motivating preferences for smaller families. In 2010, environmental concern had the most substantial, though nevertheless a weak, association with fertility ideals, and its impact weakened further by 2021, while behavioral commitment became more prominent. Specifically, greater commitment was associated with higher endorsement of small‐family ideals (0‐1 children) and lower endorsement that couples should have as many children as desired. Nevertheless, two‐child ideals remained more common than small‐family ideals. Perceived danger remained a fairly weak correlate of ideals over the study period but became an important predictor of small‐family ideals in 2021. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the multidimensional nature of environmental attitudes. While environmental concern was historically emphasized, dimensions like behavioral commitment and perceived danger have become increasingly stronger correlates of fertility preferences in recent years.
{"title":"Dimensions of Environmental Attitudes and General Fertility Ideals","authors":"Naduni Jayasinghe, Heather Rackin","doi":"10.1111/padr.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70019","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a growing interest in examining the relationship between concerns about the environment or climate change and fertility behavior. While research published in environmental science–oriented journals suggests that stronger environmental concerns are associated with lower fertility preferences, demographic studies have reported mixed findings. This study investigates whether the inconsistent findings result from treating environmental attitudes as a unidimensional construct, typically measured as environmental concern. Using 2010 and 2021 General Social Survey data and applying factor analysis, we identified two additional dimensions of environmental attitudes: behavioral commitment (willingness to change to protect the environment) and perceived danger from environmental threats. Multinomial and ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine relationships between these environmental attitude dimensions and ideal family size over time. Results show that the influence of environmental attitudes on fertility ideals has strengthened in recent years, increasingly motivating preferences for smaller families. In 2010, environmental concern had the most substantial, though nevertheless a weak, association with fertility ideals, and its impact weakened further by 2021, while behavioral commitment became more prominent. Specifically, greater commitment was associated with higher endorsement of small‐family ideals (0‐1 children) and lower endorsement that couples should have as many children as desired. Nevertheless, two‐child ideals remained more common than small‐family ideals. Perceived danger remained a fairly weak correlate of ideals over the study period but became an important predictor of small‐family ideals in 2021. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the multidimensional nature of environmental attitudes. While environmental concern was historically emphasized, dimensions like behavioral commitment and perceived danger have become increasingly stronger correlates of fertility preferences in recent years.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NailaKabeerRenegotiating Patriarchy: Gender, Agency and the Bangladesh ParadoxLSE Press, 2024, 358 p. https://doi.org/10.31389/lsepress.rpg","authors":"Sonalde Desai","doi":"10.1111/padr.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intergenerational educational mobility, capturing the extent to which children's education is associated with their parents’ education, has become a major global policy discussion. Studying its long‐term patterns across countries remains difficult, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), due to limited early twentieth‐century data. Analyzing about 53.7 million observations from 92 countries, using mainly IPUMS census data, we find that recent cohorts exhibit increasing educational mobility across various world regions, with post‐Soviet countries as exceptions. This increase is more prominent for daughters, resulting in a narrowed gender‐based mobility gap in many LMICs, while reversing this pattern in high‐income countries (HICs), with daughters being more mobile in recent decades. Nevertheless, mobility remains higher in HICs than in LMICs. Moreover, we identify a significant association between the expansion of schooling and intergenerational mobility. This expansion is associated with a more substantial rise in intergenerational mobility for daughters, especially in relation to their mothers’ education compared to that of their fathers. Our results demonstrate strong external and internal validity through a series of robustness checks, including data triangulation across multiple sources.
{"title":"Intergenerational Educational Mobility During the Twentieth Century","authors":"Mobarak Hossain, Martina Beretta","doi":"10.1111/padr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"Intergenerational educational mobility, capturing the extent to which children's education is associated with their parents’ education, has become a major global policy discussion. Studying its long‐term patterns across countries remains difficult, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), due to limited early twentieth‐century data. Analyzing about 53.7 million observations from 92 countries, using mainly IPUMS census data, we find that recent cohorts exhibit increasing educational mobility across various world regions, with post‐Soviet countries as exceptions. This increase is more prominent for daughters, resulting in a narrowed gender‐based mobility gap in many LMICs, while reversing this pattern in high‐income countries (HICs), with daughters being more mobile in recent decades. Nevertheless, mobility remains higher in HICs than in LMICs. Moreover, we identify a significant association between the expansion of schooling and intergenerational mobility. This expansion is associated with a more substantial rise in intergenerational mobility for daughters, especially in relation to their mothers’ education compared to that of their fathers. Our results demonstrate strong external and internal validity through a series of robustness checks, including data triangulation across multiple sources.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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