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Ethnic segregation in schools: a study of non-decision making 学校种族隔离:非决策研究
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2136764
J. Friedrichs
ABSTRACT This article examines ethnic segregation in schools as a field where policy inaction, or non-decision making, is rife. A theoretical framework rooted in historical institutionalism and combining critical junctures with path dependencies enables the study of non-decision making and policy inaction. Moving from non-decision making as a general phenomenon to the specific case of British education policies, the focus is on ethnoreligious segregation between White British and South Asian Muslim students, which has become a salient issue in British politics and society. After a general discussion, the article zooms in on a North English town presenting typical constellations of ethnic segregation and mixing in neighbourhoods and schools. The subsequent policy analysis shows how, from the mid-1980s until recently, non-decision making has been predominant. Given the ongoing problematization of ethnic segregation in British politics and society, a reversal from policy inaction to formal decision-making seems possible. The article offers insight into the inner workings of non-decision making that have wider application, transcending any given locality and policy sphere.
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引用次数: 0
A feminist critical heuristic for educational policy analysis: U.S. social emotional learning policy 教育政策分析的女权主义批判启发式:美国社会情感学习政策
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2130995
M. Lemke, Katlyn Rogers
ABSTRACT Social emotional learning (SEL) aims to promote student well-being, including healthy relationships that are free from harm like gender-based-violence (GBV). We investigated U.S. SEL policy through the lens of GBV, and how policy in the New York State (NYS) context operates to actualize or constrain SEL aims. To do so, we developed and applied a novel feminist critical policy analysis (FCPA) heuristic. Key findings revealed that the NYS policy neglected to address GBV experienced by adolescent girls, and the overall absent presence of gender within the policy underscores concern for implementable SEL best practices. We conclude with implications for research, policy, and practice.
社会情感学习(SEL)旨在促进学生的福祉,包括不受性别暴力(GBV)等伤害的健康关系。我们通过性别歧视视角研究了美国的SEL政策,以及纽约州的政策是如何实现或限制SEL目标的。为此,我们开发并应用了一种新颖的女权主义批评政策分析(FCPA)启发式方法。主要调查结果显示,纽约州的政策忽视了解决青春期女孩遭受的性别暴力问题,政策中总体上缺乏性别问题,这凸显了对可实施的SEL最佳做法的关注。我们总结了研究、政策和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 2
Who takes initiative? The rise of education policy networks and the shifting balance of initiative-taking amongst education stakeholders in Israel 谁采取主动?以色列教育政策网络的兴起和教育利益相关者之间主动行动平衡的转变
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2130996
M. Amiel, Miri Yemini
ABSTRACT In this paper, we reveal and describe the context in which education policy networks in Israel have expanded recently, given the evolving interdependent relationships among the actors involved. We draw upon resource dependence theory, which assumes that actors’ power relations within a network depends on their own and others’ perceptions of the dependency relations among the different actors in the network. Policy documents and committee reports were identified and analyzed qualitatively, alongside transcripts of semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted with stakeholders in Israeli education policy. We identified significant changes regarding which stakeholders take initiative for policy-making and implementation processes in Israeli education. We related these changes to the dynamics of resource dependence relationships among actors. In addition, we revealed a new stage in the evolution of educational governance in Israel – a transition from intersectoral collaboration within a top-down policy process defined and led by the Ministry of Education to a situation in which policy networks including non-governmental stakeholders initiate and subsequently lead many education policy processes. At this new stage, certain non-state actors increased their power, presence, and influence over Israeli education policy and can thus shape existing policies by leveraging their perceived control over a range of resources.
摘要在本文中,我们揭示并描述了以色列教育政策网络最近扩张的背景,考虑到相关参与者之间不断发展的相互依存关系。我们借鉴了资源依赖理论,该理论假设行动者在网络中的权力关系取决于他们自己和他人对网络中不同行动者之间依赖关系的看法。对政策文件和委员会报告进行了定性识别和分析,同时对以色列教育政策的利益相关者进行了半结构化深入访谈。我们确定了利益攸关方在以色列教育政策制定和实施过程中采取主动的重大变化。我们将这些变化与行动者之间资源依赖关系的动态联系起来。此外,我们揭示了以色列教育治理演变的一个新阶段——从教育部定义和领导的自上而下的政策过程中的跨部门合作过渡到包括非政府利益相关者在内的政策网络发起并随后领导许多教育政策过程。在这个新阶段,某些非国家行为者增加了他们对以色列教育政策的权力、存在和影响力,从而可以通过利用他们对一系列资源的控制来塑造现有政策。
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引用次数: 1
Coercion and consent for the U.S. education market: community engagement policy under racialized fiscal surveillance 美国教育市场的强制和同意:种族化财政监督下的社区参与政策
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2112759
R. Kissell
ABSTRACT In response to growing pushback to decades of privatization and disinvestment in high-poverty communities of color, elected officials and business leaders in the United States have turned to ‘community-engaged strategies’ to advance education reform. This qualitative case study of a California school district, the Oakland Unified School District, from 1989 to 2019 uses a Gramscian analysis of hegemony to illuminate the shift from coercive practices of financial audits to building consent through the district’s formal engagement strategies as tools to manage public dissent around divisive decisions. Findings reveal that a manufacturedscrisis facilitated the 2003 state takeover of OUSD to further advancesausterity measures and audit processes that served as racialized formssof fiscal surveillance. When local resistance to these measures intensified, district actors shifted tactics to ‘engage’ community members through a portfolio strategy to manage school choice options and other public-private partnerships. Oakland public schools are a prime case of how democratic mechanisms serve as the vehicle to manufacture public consent for district redesign by way of marketization. This paper contributes new insights into local and global debates on educational privatization by critically examining the role of parastatal audit agencies in shaping community support for public-privateeducation governance along with tracing the shifting tactics of elite policy actors.
数十年来,在高度贫困的有色人种社区,私有化和撤资日益受到抵制,为此,美国民选官员和商界领袖转向“社区参与战略”来推进教育改革。本文对1989年至2019年加州奥克兰联合学区(Oakland Unified school district)的定性案例进行了研究,使用葛兰西式的霸权分析,阐明了从财务审计的强制性实践到通过学区的正式参与策略作为管理公众对分歧决策的异议的工具来建立共识的转变。调查结果显示,一场人为制造的危机促进了2003年国家对OUSD的收购,从而进一步推进了财政监督的种族化形式的紧缩措施和审计程序。当当地对这些措施的抵制加剧时,地区行为者改变了策略,通过组合战略来管理学校选择和其他公私伙伴关系,“吸引”社区成员。奥克兰的公立学校是一个典型的例子,说明民主机制是如何通过市场化的方式使公众同意重新设计地区的。本文通过批判性地考察半国有审计机构在塑造社区对公私教育治理的支持方面的作用,以及追踪精英政策参与者的转变策略,为当地和全球关于教育私有化的辩论提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 2
Performativity, managerial professionalism and the purpose of professional development: a South African case study 绩效、管理专业和专业发展的目的:一个南非的案例研究
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2110946
C. Bertram, N. Mxenge
ABSTRACT Early post-apartheid policies envisaged a South African teacher who had autonomy to make professional judgements based on their school context and learners’ needs. However, over the last decade, the state has increasingly monitored learner achievement and teachers’ work. In this paper, we show how the professional development activities provided by the state for high school Life Sciences teachers focus primarily on measuring learner achievement and thus reflect organisational professionalism and managerial discourses which challenge the early post-apartheid vision of democratic professionalism. We present a case study of a cluster of Life Sciences teachers, generating data from interviews with eleven high school teachers and from observation of six professional development meetings. The findings show that the two main purposes of the activities in the cluster meetings are the improvement of learner results and the monitoring teachers’ curriculum coverage and assessment practices. We argue that the discourse of performativity and managerial professionalism narrows the purpose of schooling, influences the nature of state-initiated professional development opportunities and also informs the way in which the state and teachers view their work. This contradicts the initial vision of the democratic state and provides insight into how neoliberal discourses have influenced education in a post-colonial country.
早期后种族隔离政策设想南非教师拥有根据学校环境和学生需求做出专业判断的自主权。然而,在过去的十年里,国家越来越多地监控学习者的成就和教师的工作。在本文中,我们展示了国家为高中生命科学教师提供的专业发展活动如何主要关注于衡量学习者的成就,从而反映了组织专业主义和管理话语,这些话语挑战了早期后种族隔离时代对民主专业主义的看法。我们提出了一组生命科学教师的案例研究,通过对11位高中教师的访谈和对6次专业发展会议的观察得出数据。研究结果表明,小组会议活动的两个主要目的是提高学习者的成绩和监督教师的课程覆盖和评估实践。我们认为,表演性和管理专业主义的话语缩小了学校教育的目的,影响了国家发起的专业发展机会的性质,也影响了国家和教师看待他们工作的方式。这与民主国家的最初愿景相矛盾,并为新自由主义话语如何影响后殖民国家的教育提供了见解。
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引用次数: 1
Crisis policy enactment: primary school leaders’ responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in England 危机政策制定:英国小学领导对Covid-19大流行的反应
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2097316
A. Bradbury, A. Braun, S. Duncan, S. Harmey, Rachael Levy, G. Moss
ABSTRACT This paper explores the enactment of government policy during the Covid pandemic in primary schools in England. Based on interviews with school leaders and teachers across the period 2020–21 (n = 66), drawn from two major studies of primary schools’ priorities during the crisis, we argue that school leaders’ responses can be understood as a distinct form of policy enactment particular to an unprecedented crisis. Policy arrived in schools differently, and was enacted differently. Our findings suggest that enacting policy during the Covid crisis was a process dominated by the need to act at speed, informed by the prioritisation of children’s basic needs and based on a knowledge of the local circumstances. Thus dimensions of context which affect policy enactment were altered during the crisis, with the material circumstances of the school and the values of the headteacher becoming highly significant. The approach we term crisis policy enactment is response to policy which is focused first on coping but is also agentic, demonstrating a commitment to children’s welfare and a belief in the power of schools to make a difference.
摘要:本文探讨了新冠疫情期间英国小学政府政策的制定情况。基于对2020 - 2021年期间(n = 66)的学校领导和教师的访谈,以及对危机期间小学优先事项的两项主要研究,我们认为,学校领导的反应可以被理解为一种独特的政策制定形式,特别是针对一场前所未有的危机。学校的政策不同,制定的也不同。我们的研究结果表明,在Covid危机期间制定政策是一个以快速行动为主导的过程,以儿童基本需求的优先次序为依据,并以对当地情况的了解为基础。因此,影响政策制定的背景维度在危机期间发生了变化,学校的物质环境和校长的价值观变得非常重要。我们称之为危机政策制定的方法是对政策的回应,这种政策首先关注的是应对,但也是一种代理,表现出对儿童福利的承诺,并相信学校有能力发挥作用。
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引用次数: 8
Towards a European model of collective skill formation? Analysing the European Alliance for Apprenticeships 走向集体技能形成的欧洲模式?分析欧洲学徒联盟
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2097317
L. Gráf, Marcelo Marques
ABSTRACT While the literature in skill formation systems has paid considerable attention to inter-variation between types of national skill formation systems and intra-variation among individual types as in the case of collective skill formation systems, less is known about the role of the European Union in establishing a European model of skill formation. Building on studies in educational governance and decentralised cooperation, this paper analyses the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA) and explores its relationship to national skill formation systems. We analyse the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation and offer case studies of Ireland and France to understand how this European model relates to these two contrasting skill formation systems. Through deductive qualitative content analysis of official documents, we show that (a) the EAfA, in resembling characteristics of national collective skill formation systems, promotes the emergence of a European model of collective skill formation, and (b) that Ireland and France show signs of moving further towards adopting elements of a collectivist training model centred on apprenticeship training although mediated by path-dependencies of a liberal (Ireland) and statist (France) skill formation model.
虽然关于技能形成系统的文献相当重视国家技能形成系统类型之间的相互变异以及个体类型之间的内部变异,就像在集体技能形成系统的情况下一样,但对欧盟在建立欧洲技能形成模型方面的作用知之甚少。在教育治理和分散合作研究的基础上,本文分析了欧洲学徒联盟(EAfA),并探讨了其与国家技能形成系统的关系。我们分析了欧洲集体技能形成模式的出现,并提供了爱尔兰和法国的案例研究,以了解这种欧洲模式与这两种截然不同的技能形成系统之间的关系。通过对官方文件的演绎定性内容分析,我们表明:(a) EAfA与国家集体技能形成系统的特征相似,促进了欧洲集体技能形成模式的出现;(b)爱尔兰和法国显示出进一步采用以学徒培训为中心的集体主义培训模式元素的迹象,尽管由自由主义(爱尔兰)和国家主义(法国)技能形成模式的路径依赖所调节。
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引用次数: 6
The Emergence and Policy (mis)Alignment of Teach For Taiwan 台湾教学的产生与政策取向
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2095036
Matthew A. M. Thomas, R. Xu
ABSTRACT Teach For All (TFAll) is global network of programs based on Teach For America. Since 2007, TFAll has spread to more than 60 countries and had a considerable impact on educational policy across educational jurisdictions. Scant research, however, has examined ‘shadow’ programs based on this model but unaffiliated with TFAll, such as Teach For Taiwan (TFT). This paper engages in a critical policy analysis of TFT and examines both its emergence and (mis)alignment with educational policy. Our analysis first highlights the inspiration and support TFT has drawn from TFAll and its affiliate programs, despite its unofficial status. The paper then examines how TFT is aligned strategically with recent policy shifts toward deregulation in Taiwanese education. We also find that TFT is misaligned with key educational structures, including the national salary scale for teachers and teacher education system, resulting in a new category of transient teachers who are uniquely positioned in the teaching roles they assume but largely unable to continue teaching beyond TFT. We argue that more attention within education policy studies should focus on the impacts of (un)official TFAll programs – particularly given their disproportionate power and positioning to effect global educational change – and their (mis)alignments with national systems.
“全民教育”(TFAll)是一个基于“为美国教育”的全球项目网络。自2007年以来,TFAll已传播到60多个国家,并对教育管辖区的教育政策产生了相当大的影响。然而,扫描研究已经检查了基于该模型但与TFAll无关的“影子”计划,如为台湾教学(TFT)。本文对TFT进行了批判性的政策分析,并考察了它的出现和与教育政策的不一致。我们的分析首先强调了TFT从TFAll及其附属项目中获得的灵感和支持,尽管它是非官方的。然后,本文考察了TFT如何与台湾教育最近放松管制的政策转变在战略上保持一致。我们还发现,TFT与关键的教育结构不一致,包括国家教师工资表和教师教育系统,导致了一类新的流动教师,他们在承担的教学角色中处于独特的地位,但在很大程度上无法在TFT之外继续教学。我们认为,在教育政策研究中,更多的注意力应该集中在(联合国)官方TFAll计划的影响上,特别是考虑到它们在影响全球教育变革方面的不成比例的权力和定位,以及它们与国家体系的(错误)一致性。
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引用次数: 3
Metrics, standards and alignment in teacher policy: critiquing fundamentalism and imagining pluralism 教师政策的尺度、标准和一致性:批判原教旨主义和想象多元主义
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2087973
A. Payne, Sarah Langman, Rafaan Daliri-Ngametua
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引用次数: 8
Race in education policy: school safety and the discursive legitimation of disproportionate punishment 教育政策中的种族:学校安全和不成比例惩罚的话语合法化
IF 2.5 2区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2022.2085812
A. Nikolaidis, Marjory Stoneman
ABSTRACT Interventions instated to disrupt the destructive effects of the school-to-prison pipeline on students of color were repealed as a result of the US Education Department’s 2018 Federal Commission on School Safety report. Using a critical policy and critical discourse framework, this paper examines how the language used in the report facilitated the process of repeal while concealing the insidious effects that the repeal could have on students of color and especially black students. Based on this analysis, the paper argues that education policy discourse is influenced by and supports the covert operation of white supremacist ideological structures that hinder the struggle for equity and justice in education.
根据美国教育部2018年联邦学校安全委员会的报告,旨在破坏从学校到监狱管道对有色人种学生破坏性影响的干预措施被废除。本文使用批判性政策和批判性话语框架,研究了报告中使用的语言如何促进废除的过程,同时掩盖了废除对有色人种学生,特别是黑人学生可能产生的潜在影响。基于这一分析,本文认为教育政策话语受到白人至上主义意识形态结构的影响并支持其隐蔽运作,阻碍了教育公平和正义的斗争。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Education Policy
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