Urban Affairs Review最新文献

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Commoning Experiments in a State-Corporatist City State: The Case of Hong Kong 国家-社团主义城市国家的共同实验:以香港为例

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231162934

Xiao Lu Wang, C. Leung, Chi Ki Mui

This study addresses the research question of how the tensions between urban commons and ‘the public’ might be resolved through boundary spanning. Urban commons offers a new lens for public managers and politicians to rethink ways that urban resources could be governed to enhance public problem-solving and co-create public-value outcomes. Through in-depth case analyses of commoning initiatives at five public markets in Hong Kong, we find that tensions with bureaucratic modes of governance, marketisation of public space, land politics, and little trust in the government were major barriers of commoning. The results also pointed to the unique boundary spanning strategies to facilitate commoning such as using co-creation and political framing to align community interests and public agenda and using legal framing to enable the reallocation of property rights among property owners and community actors. This research also revealed distinct dynamics of boundary spanning in illiberal democratic systems.

本研究解决了如何通过边界跨越来解决城市公地和“公共”之间的紧张关系的研究问题。城市公地为公共管理者和政治家提供了一个新的视角，让他们重新思考如何管理城市资源，以增强公共问题解决能力，并共同创造公共价值成果。通过深入分析香港五个公共市场的共同倡议案例，我们发现与官僚治理模式、公共空间市场化、土地政治和对政府缺乏信任的紧张关系是共同的主要障碍。研究结果还指出了促进共同性的独特跨界策略，例如使用共同创造和政治框架来协调社区利益和公共议程，并使用法律框架来实现财产所有者和社区行动者之间的产权重新分配。该研究还揭示了非自由民主制度中边界跨越的独特动态。

引用次数: 0

The Impact of State Fiscal Preemption on Local Taxing Authorities: A Case of Michigan 州财政优先权对地方税务机关的影响——以密歇根州为例

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231164054

Shu Wang

This study investigates the impact of state fiscal preemption on local governance structure. Specifically, it focuses on state-imposed tax and expenditure limits (TELs), which constrain local governments’ ability to raise property tax revenues. Using a unique data set on millage rates levied by all local governments in Michigan from 2011 to 2017, the study examines how the state-imposed limitation on local property taxable values affects local taxing efforts. The findings show that the assessment limit results in higher taxing power by cities and special districts. It also indicates local residents’ preferences to be drivers for the greater taxing efforts.

本研究考察了国家财政先占权对地方治理结构的影响。具体而言，它侧重于国家征收的税收和支出限制（TEL），这限制了地方政府提高财产税收入的能力。该研究使用了密歇根州所有地方政府从2011年到2017年征收的一组独特的磨坊率数据，考察了该州对当地财产应税价值的限制如何影响当地的税收工作。研究结果表明，评估限额导致城市和特区的税收权力更高。它还表明，当地居民更愿意成为加大税收力度的推动者。

引用次数: 0

Sharing Homes and Beds: Baptist-Bootlegger Coalitions and the Politics of Authenticity in the Regulation of Los Angeles's Short-Term Rental Markets 共享房屋和床铺:浸信会-私酒走私者联盟和洛杉矶短期租赁市场监管中的真实性政治

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231162938

Yotala Oszkay

Platform economy politics reflect a trend of corporations working with civic actors to achieve shared political goals, reconfiguring once adversarial relationships (e.g., management vs. labor, homeowners vs. tenants). Yet theories on urban politics and policymaking often do not account for such “Baptist-Bootlegger” coalitions (Smith and Yandle 2014; Yandle 1983). This article analyzes how the efforts of two competing Baptist-Bootlegger coalitions shaped the 2018 short-term rental (i.e., Airbnb, HomeAway) ordinance in Los Angeles, CA, USA. I argue that a subtly coordinated partnership of housing groups, neighborhood activists, and hotel market incumbents leveraged their individual authenticity and resources to successfully articulate a shared vision with policymakers. Conversely, an opposing coalition of short-term rental platforms and hosts more explicitly combined their efforts under an organizational framework that conflated economic and moral claims; this hybrid organizational identity was perceived as less authentic by policymaking audiences and precluded potentially more strategic forms of organizing.

平台经济政治反映了一种趋势，即企业与公民行为者合作，以实现共同的政治目标，重新配置曾经敌对的关系（例如，管理层与劳动力、房主与租户）。然而，关于城市政治和政策制定的理论往往无法解释这种“浸礼会强盗”联盟（Smith和Yandle，2014年；Yandle，1983年）。这篇文章分析了两个相互竞争的浸礼会Bootlegger联盟的努力如何影响了2018年美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的短期租赁（即Airbnb、HomeAway）条例，酒店市场的现任者利用他们个人的真实性和资源，成功地与决策者阐明了共同的愿景。相反，短期租赁平台和房东的对立联盟更明确地将他们的努力结合在一个将经济和道德主张混为一谈的组织框架下；这种混合组织身份被决策受众认为不太真实，并排除了潜在的更具战略性的组织形式。

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引用次数: 0

From Rejection to Legitimation: Governing the Emergence of Organized Homeless Encampments 从拒绝到合法化:管理有组织的无家可归者营地的出现

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231162923

Stephen Przybylinski

This paper analyzes the City of Portland, Oregon's recent zoning code amendment which legalized sanctioned homeless encampments. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in Portland, the paper details how the City Government's long-held opposition to homeless camping shifted to a position of acceptance. The paper identifies the state of emergency (SOE) on housing and homelessness as a critical moment for developing not only a legal foundation, but also a social justification, for legalizing encampments as an official shelter strategy. In contrast to research over the past few decades articulating the camp as the realization of punitive sovereign power, the paper suggests the relationality of emergency governance, or “governing-through-emergency,” instead provides an opportunity to legitimate the lived experiences and desires of unhoused people residing in sanctioned encampments. It concludes by warning that, although emergency governance serves as a critical tool to advance the interests of the unhoused, such governing strategies are limited by structural forces producing homelessness more broadly.

本文分析了俄勒冈州波特兰市最近的分区法规修正案，该修正案将批准的无家可归者营地合法化。根据波特兰的人种学田野调查，这篇论文详细描述了市政府长期以来对无家可归者露营的反对如何转变为接受的立场。该文件指出，住房和无家可归问题的紧急状态是一个关键时刻，不仅可以为将营地合法化作为官方住房战略建立法律基础，还可以为其提供社会理由。与过去几十年将营地阐明为惩罚性主权权力的实现的研究相反，本文提出了紧急治理的相关性，或“通过紧急情况进行治理”，相反，它提供了一个机会，使居住在受制裁营地的无家可归者的生活经历和愿望合法化。报告最后警告说，尽管紧急治理是促进无家可归者利益的关键工具，但这种治理战略受到造成更广泛无家可归现象的结构性力量的限制。

引用次数: 0

How Strong is Local Politics' Grip on Local Economic Development? The Case of Swiss Small and Medium-Sized Towns. 地方政治对地方经济发展的控制力有多强?瑞士中小城镇的案例。

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/10780874211056519

Stefan Wittwer

Economic development directly manifests itself in the form of employment at the local level. This paper examines the ability of local politics to shape this development in a competitive federalist environment by examining how local party-political developments affect local economic development in Swiss small and medium-sized towns (SMSTs). Local economic development in the form of employment is a central local policy domain in federal and polycentric Switzerland. This paper argues that party-political influence is conditional on the characteristics of four distinguished economic sectors that differ in their dependence on the regional context. By analyzing the panel data of all Swiss SMSTs, the paper finds that local party-political developments only systematically precede growth in the residential economy, while regional processes determine the economic sectors in ambiguous ways. The grip of local politics on the development of export-oriented economies therefore is not guided by party-political development and more influential at regional levels.

经济发展直接体现在地方就业上。本文通过考察瑞士中小城镇(SMSTs)的地方政党政治发展如何影响当地经济发展，考察了在竞争激烈的联邦制环境中，地方政治塑造这种发展的能力。以就业为形式的地方经济发展是联邦制和多中心制瑞士地方政策的核心领域。本文认为，政党政治影响取决于四种不同的经济部门的特征，这些经济部门对区域背景的依赖不同。通过分析所有瑞士smst的面板数据，本文发现地方政党政治发展只是系统地先于住宅经济的增长，而区域进程以模糊的方式决定经济部门。因此，地方政治对出口导向型经济发展的控制不受政党政治发展的指导，在地区层面上更有影响力。

引用次数: 2

Sanctuary Policies and the Influence of Local Demographics and Partisanship 保护区政策与地方人口和党派的影响

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231152786

B. O’Brien, Loren Collingwood, M. Paarlberg

Despite the increased scholarship on sanctuary localities in the United States, there is little research analyzing the factors that lead to the adoption of sanctuary resolutions at the municipal level. Drawing on a new dataset of sanctuary and nonsanctuary cities, we theorize that policy adoption is driven primarily by two factors and their interaction: the size of the foreign-born population and local partisanship. We examine cities that passed sanctuary policies between 2000 and 2018 and compare these localities to nonsanctuaries. Using a novel time series cross-section dataset (TSCS) of all cities and designated places and a Cox proportional hazard model, we find that Democratic-leaning cities with high foreign-born populations predict sanctuary passage, whereas Republican-leaning cities with larger foreign-born populations are unlikely to adopt these policies. We thus find that while partisanship motivates sanctuary policy adoption, at the same time, the size of the foreign-born population also increases the likelihood of passage.

尽管对美国庇护地的研究越来越多，但很少有研究分析导致在市政一级通过庇护决议的因素。根据庇护城市和非庇护城市的新数据集，我们推断政策的采纳主要由两个因素及其相互作用驱动:外国出生人口的规模和当地的党派关系。我们研究了2000年至2018年间通过庇护政策的城市，并将这些城市与非庇护城市进行了比较。利用所有城市和指定地点的新型时间序列横截面数据集(TSCS)和Cox比例风险模型，我们发现，外国出生人口较多的民主党倾向城市预测庇护通道，而外国出生人口较多的共和党倾向城市不太可能采用这些政策。因此，我们发现，虽然党派关系推动了庇护政策的采用，但与此同时，外国出生人口的规模也增加了通过的可能性。

引用次数: 0

Introduction to Volume 59, Issue 2 第59卷第2期简介

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221149531

Maureen M. Donaghy, Yue Zhang

This issue brings us new insights into urban governance and policy change. Urban governance has been a major focus in the urban politics and policy literature in recent decades. With the transition from “city government” to “urban governance,” scholars emphasize the interaction between various state and nonstate actors at multiple levels, through both formal institutional arrangements and informal exchanges (Kaufmann and Sidney 2020; Peters and Pierre 2012; Hambleton and Gross 2007). While the concept of urban governance first emerged in the Western European academic milieu in the 1990s, there is an exciting emerging literature exploring the processes and consequences of urban governance in a cross-national context and diverse issue areas. We find that the articles in this issue investigate different aspects of urban governance, including policy change, policy implementation, political economy, and officer-involved killings.

这个问题让我们对城市治理和政策变革有了新的认识。近几十年来，城市治理一直是城市政治和政策文献的主要焦点。随着从“城市政府”到“城市治理”的转变，学者们强调通过正式的制度安排和非正式的交流，在多个层面上各种国家和非国家行为体之间的互动(Kaufmann and Sidney 2020;Peters and Pierre 2012;Hambleton and Gross, 2007)。虽然城市治理的概念最早出现在20世纪90年代的西欧学术环境中，但有一个令人兴奋的新兴文献在跨国背景和不同的问题领域探索城市治理的过程和后果。我们发现，本期的文章探讨了城市治理的不同方面，包括政策变化、政策实施、政治经济和涉警杀人。

引用次数: 0

Racialized Real Estate Agency in U.S. Housing Markets: A Research Note 美国住房市场中的种族化房地产代理：一份研究报告

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231152590

Hannah Lee, K. Crowder, Elizabeth Korver‐Glenn

Case studies have illuminated that U.S. real estate agents, as key housing market gatekeepers, continue to maintain racial residential stratification well into the twenty-first century. We use novel survey data gathered from real estate agents across the United States to descriptively explore agents’ ideas about clients of color in the housing market, as well as their practices, such as conducting business through social networks. Our findings provide evidence of the subtle and more overt ways that these ideas and practices that, when taken together, constitute what we call racialized real estate agency and contribute to ongoing racial segregation. We issue a call for future research to continue examining the ways agents’ and other gatekeepers’ ideas and practices contribute to or mitigate stratifying processes and describe the utility of such research for policy.

案例研究表明，美国房地产经纪人作为房地产市场的关键看门人，在21世纪一直保持着种族居住分层。我们使用从美国各地房地产经纪人那里收集的新调查数据，描述性地探索经纪人对房地产市场有色人种客户的想法，以及他们的做法，例如通过社交网络开展业务。我们的发现提供了证据，证明这些想法和做法以微妙而公开的方式结合在一起，构成了我们所说的种族化房地产中介，并助长了持续的种族隔离。我们呼吁未来的研究继续研究代理人和其他看门人的想法和实践如何促进或减轻分层过程，并描述此类研究对政策的效用。

引用次数: 1

Ecological, Engineering and Community Resilience Policy Adoption in Large US Cities 美国大城市采用生态、工程和社区复原政策

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221150793

Kiran Kang, A. Bowman, Bryce Hannibal, Sierra Woodruff, Kent Portney (deceased)

This paper seeks to identify which resilience-oriented policies are being enacted and factors that influence policy adoption. We develop clusters of policies related to three types of resilience: ecological, engineering, and community. Among large U.S. cities, we find wide variation in the number and type of policies enacted. Through multivariate analysis, we identify factors that are associated with the adoption of these policies. Similar to earlier work on sustainability and climate change policy, our results show that larger cities are more likely to adopt all three types of resilience policies. Wealthier and liberal cities adopt more ecological resilience policies. Cities that are members of city networks also adopt more policies, but not all networks significantly influence policy adoption suggesting that network goals and connections are important. We also find that among these large cities, it is the smaller of them that appear to benefit most from membership in networks.

本文试图确定哪些以恢复力为导向的政策正在制定，以及影响政策采用的因素。我们制定了与三种类型的恢复力相关的政策集群：生态、工程和社区。在美国大城市中，我们发现制定的政策数量和类型差异很大。通过多变量分析，我们确定了与采取这些政策相关的因素。与早期关于可持续性和气候变化政策的工作类似，我们的研究结果表明，较大的城市更有可能采取这三种类型的恢复力政策。富裕和自由的城市采取更具生态韧性的政策。作为城市网络成员的城市也会采取更多的政策，但并非所有网络都会显著影响政策的采用，这表明网络目标和联系很重要。我们还发现，在这些大城市中，较小的城市似乎从网络会员中受益最大。

引用次数: 2

The Ideological Structure of Municipal Non-Ideology. 城市非意识形态的意识形态结构。

IF 2.1 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Urban Affairs Review

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/10780874211038321

Jack Lucas

This paper explores the structure of elite disagreement about the ideological or nonideological character of municipal politics. I propose two possible relationships between a representative's own ideology and their beliefs about the character of municipal politics: an "ends-against-the-middle" pattern, in which ideologues on the left and right embrace an ideological vision of municipal politics, whereas moderates insist that municipal politics is not ideological; and an "asymmetric visions" pattern, in which individuals on the left endorse an ideological view of municipal politics and those on the right oppose it. I use new survey data from more than 800 mayors and councillors in Canada to assess these possible relationships. While both are supported by the data, the asymmetric visions pattern is the stronger of the two: the nonideological view of municipal politics is most firmly embraced by municipal politicians of the moderate right, while the ideological vision is most common among representatives on the left. This pattern, I argue, is in keeping with a century of municipal political history and should be incorporated into our theories of municipal elections, representation, and policy disagreement.

本文探讨了精英阶层对城市政治的意识形态或非意识形态特征的分歧结构。我提出了代表自己的意识形态和他们对市政政治特征的信念之间的两种可能的关系:一种“反对中间”的模式，在这种模式中，左派和右派的理论家都接受市政政治的意识形态愿景，而温和派坚持认为市政政治不是意识形态的;还有一种“不对称愿景”模式，在这种模式下，左翼人士支持一种市政政治的意识形态观点，而右翼人士则反对这种观点。我使用来自加拿大800多名市长和议员的新调查数据来评估这些可能的关系。虽然两者都得到了数据的支持，但非对称愿景模式在两者中更为强大:温和右翼的市政政治家最坚定地接受非意识形态的市政政治观点，而意识形态愿景在左翼代表中最常见。我认为，这种模式符合一个世纪以来的市政政治历史，应该纳入我们关于市政选举、代表制和政策分歧的理论。

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引用次数: 2

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