Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/10780874231175963
{"title":"Erratum to Inaccuracies in Low Income Housing Geocodes: When and Why They Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10780874231175963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231175963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1177/10780874231173618
J. Drucker, C. M. Kayanan
Innovation districts have gained attention as a fast-spreading urban economic development strategy, raising numerous questions. What are their distinguishing attributes? Are they a substantive policy innovation? Are they likely to succeed in fostering innovation and economic dynamism? We propose a definition of innovation districts based on their characteristic features. Given the ambiguity of the term in practice, this is crucial for understanding and analyzing the strategy. We then evaluate innovation districts by applying theories and current understandings of the spatial and economic development aspects of innovation, entrepreneurship, and human capital, illustrating with examples from Boston, Detroit, Saint Louis, and San Diego. We conclude that the combination of components that comprises innovation districts is both new and valuable. Innovation districts present a potential pathway for advancing regional economic development goals via the pathways of innovation and entrepreneurship. We stress the importance of rigorous empirical evaluation and research regarding a variety of practical and strategic concerns.
{"title":"Innovation Districts: Assessing Their Potential as a Strategy for Urban Economic Development","authors":"J. Drucker, C. M. Kayanan","doi":"10.1177/10780874231173618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231173618","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation districts have gained attention as a fast-spreading urban economic development strategy, raising numerous questions. What are their distinguishing attributes? Are they a substantive policy innovation? Are they likely to succeed in fostering innovation and economic dynamism? We propose a definition of innovation districts based on their characteristic features. Given the ambiguity of the term in practice, this is crucial for understanding and analyzing the strategy. We then evaluate innovation districts by applying theories and current understandings of the spatial and economic development aspects of innovation, entrepreneurship, and human capital, illustrating with examples from Boston, Detroit, Saint Louis, and San Diego. We conclude that the combination of components that comprises innovation districts is both new and valuable. Innovation districts present a potential pathway for advancing regional economic development goals via the pathways of innovation and entrepreneurship. We stress the importance of rigorous empirical evaluation and research regarding a variety of practical and strategic concerns.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research turns the spotlight to the deregulation of once publicly funded affordable housing. Through a microsimulation that follows the conversion from affordable to market-rate units on Roosevelt Island New York, we estimate the expected demographic changes each year between 1976 and 2070. The simulation combines information from the American Community Survey, the island's masterplan, the privatization agreements, and interviews with residents, to produce interactive graphs at three urban scales: the neighborhood, the project, and the building. We found that while the households of market-rate units are gradually becoming younger and more affluent, the households of affordable units are becoming older and more impoverished. Despite an individual agreement for each building, the demographic changes are similar, and that, those changes will affect low-income buildings first. Moreover, upon expiration, 30 percent of the existing protected tenants will be over 65 and at risk of being displaced. The simulation is available at http://ridigitaltwin.pythonanywhere.com/ .
{"title":"Affordability with an Expiration Date: A Microsimulation for Estimating the Demographic Changes Caused by Deregulation of Assisted Housing","authors":"Sharon Yavo-Ayalon, Daphna Levine, Shai Sussman, Meirav Aharon Gutman","doi":"10.1177/10780874231169213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231169213","url":null,"abstract":"This research turns the spotlight to the deregulation of once publicly funded affordable housing. Through a microsimulation that follows the conversion from affordable to market-rate units on Roosevelt Island New York, we estimate the expected demographic changes each year between 1976 and 2070. The simulation combines information from the American Community Survey, the island's masterplan, the privatization agreements, and interviews with residents, to produce interactive graphs at three urban scales: the neighborhood, the project, and the building. We found that while the households of market-rate units are gradually becoming younger and more affluent, the households of affordable units are becoming older and more impoverished. Despite an individual agreement for each building, the demographic changes are similar, and that, those changes will affect low-income buildings first. Moreover, upon expiration, 30 percent of the existing protected tenants will be over 65 and at risk of being displaced. The simulation is available at http://ridigitaltwin.pythonanywhere.com/ .","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49137879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1177/10780874231169920
C. Cui, Wenna Chen, Hongtao Yi
In response to the increasing attention paid to environmental governance and leadership mobility, this study explores the interactions between leadership mobility and environmental governance performance. From the perspective of networks, this study aims to determine whether leadership mobility networks shape environmental governance outcomes. We argue that leadership transfer networks affect local water governance performance, which is particularly evident when leadership mobility occurs between cities with similar institutional environments. We collected managers’ career data and water governance performance from forty-one cities located in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region in China from 2011 to 2015. Methodologically, we employ spatial temporal autoregressive models to test the hypotheses and confirm the effects of the leadership transfer network on the homogeneity of water governance performance across the region. Theoretically, this study advances the institutional collective action framework in regional water governance by providing supplementary mechanisms from the perspective of agent network diffusion.
{"title":"Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance","authors":"C. Cui, Wenna Chen, Hongtao Yi","doi":"10.1177/10780874231169920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231169920","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the increasing attention paid to environmental governance and leadership mobility, this study explores the interactions between leadership mobility and environmental governance performance. From the perspective of networks, this study aims to determine whether leadership mobility networks shape environmental governance outcomes. We argue that leadership transfer networks affect local water governance performance, which is particularly evident when leadership mobility occurs between cities with similar institutional environments. We collected managers’ career data and water governance performance from forty-one cities located in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region in China from 2011 to 2015. Methodologically, we employ spatial temporal autoregressive models to test the hypotheses and confirm the effects of the leadership transfer network on the homogeneity of water governance performance across the region. Theoretically, this study advances the institutional collective action framework in regional water governance by providing supplementary mechanisms from the perspective of agent network diffusion.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45565946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1177/10780874231167570
Sayma Khajehei, Sara Hamideh
The floods caused by Hurricane Matthew in 2016 affected Lumberton, a socioeconomically diverse city in North Carolina with 729 public housing units. Public housing residents face unique challenges in accessing resources and post-disaster temporary accommodations, further delaying their recovery compared to other survivors. This paper investigates the obstacles to public housing recovery and the residents’ recovery challenges using descriptive statistics, mapping, and qualitative analysis in Lumberton. Findings show the dependency of public housing units’ recovery on assistance policies and decisions of various organizations, including local housing authorities. Multiple changes in recovery plans and limited, uncertain, delayed funding and bureaucratic obstacles to funding allocation slow the units’ recovery and prolong the residents’ displacement, adversely affecting their recovery. Hence, pre-disaster resilience initiatives should address these vulnerabilities and the recovery policy's limitations to support public housing units and residents’ recovery. Moreover, affordable housing recovery must become a priority in national housing recovery policies.
{"title":"Post-Disaster Recovery Challenges of Public Housing Residents: Lumberton, North Carolina After Hurricane Matthew","authors":"Sayma Khajehei, Sara Hamideh","doi":"10.1177/10780874231167570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231167570","url":null,"abstract":"The floods caused by Hurricane Matthew in 2016 affected Lumberton, a socioeconomically diverse city in North Carolina with 729 public housing units. Public housing residents face unique challenges in accessing resources and post-disaster temporary accommodations, further delaying their recovery compared to other survivors. This paper investigates the obstacles to public housing recovery and the residents’ recovery challenges using descriptive statistics, mapping, and qualitative analysis in Lumberton. Findings show the dependency of public housing units’ recovery on assistance policies and decisions of various organizations, including local housing authorities. Multiple changes in recovery plans and limited, uncertain, delayed funding and bureaucratic obstacles to funding allocation slow the units’ recovery and prolong the residents’ displacement, adversely affecting their recovery. Hence, pre-disaster resilience initiatives should address these vulnerabilities and the recovery policy's limitations to support public housing units and residents’ recovery. Moreover, affordable housing recovery must become a priority in national housing recovery policies.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43116413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1177/10780874231165767
Nicole E. Wilson, Michael Hankinson, Asya Magazinnik, Melissa L. Sands
Scholars across disciplines frequently employ data on housing developments subsidized by the National Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). We find that the geographic coordinates for these developments, generated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), are frequently inaccurate. Using both the population of data from California and a national sample, we find that HUD-provided geocodes are inaccurate nearly half the time while Google-generated geocodes are almost always more accurate. However, while Google’s geolocation is more likely to be accurate, when it is inaccurate, it deviates from the true location by a much greater distance than HUD. We therefore recommend that scholars use Google-generated geocodes for most research applications where the localized environment matters; however, in studies where observations are aggregated to a larger area, researchers may prefer to use HUD geocodes, which are more frequently inaccurate but typically by smaller distances.
{"title":"Inaccuracies in Low Income Housing Geocodes: When and Why They Matter","authors":"Nicole E. Wilson, Michael Hankinson, Asya Magazinnik, Melissa L. Sands","doi":"10.1177/10780874231165767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231165767","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars across disciplines frequently employ data on housing developments subsidized by the National Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). We find that the geographic coordinates for these developments, generated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), are frequently inaccurate. Using both the population of data from California and a national sample, we find that HUD-provided geocodes are inaccurate nearly half the time while Google-generated geocodes are almost always more accurate. However, while Google’s geolocation is more likely to be accurate, when it is inaccurate, it deviates from the true location by a much greater distance than HUD. We therefore recommend that scholars use Google-generated geocodes for most research applications where the localized environment matters; however, in studies where observations are aggregated to a larger area, researchers may prefer to use HUD geocodes, which are more frequently inaccurate but typically by smaller distances.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1177/10780874231162930
Alexandra Moffett-Bateau
Prior research examining political behavior outside of the United States, has shown that violence can have a mixed impact on political engagement. Building on that work, this research examines whether violence shapes the political lives of poor Black women within the United States. I argue, neighborhood violence in the United States can and often does, shape the political behavior of Black women living below the poverty line in public housing. I use ethnographic data to parse out a conceptual framework which articulates connections between residential violence experienced by Black women living in poverty and their politics. Ultimately, my analysis shows violence can cause isolation and harm, and in doing so dampen political engagement. When residents experienced high levels of violence and did not feel a sense of belonging or connection to their neighborhood, they rarely engage d in visible political behaviors. However, residents who expressed a sense of connection to their neighborhood continued to engage in politics. Those residents who had interpersonal relationships within their residential neighborhood, frequently maintained and sometimes further developed their individual politics, despite and sometimes in response to, personal experiences with residential violence.
{"title":"“I Can’t Vote if I Don’t Leave My Apartment”: The Problem of Neighborhood Violence and its Impact on the Political Behavior of Black American Women Living Below the Poverty Line","authors":"Alexandra Moffett-Bateau","doi":"10.1177/10780874231162930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231162930","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research examining political behavior outside of the United States, has shown that violence can have a mixed impact on political engagement. Building on that work, this research examines whether violence shapes the political lives of poor Black women within the United States. I argue, neighborhood violence in the United States can and often does, shape the political behavior of Black women living below the poverty line in public housing. I use ethnographic data to parse out a conceptual framework which articulates connections between residential violence experienced by Black women living in poverty and their politics. Ultimately, my analysis shows violence can cause isolation and harm, and in doing so dampen political engagement. When residents experienced high levels of violence and did not feel a sense of belonging or connection to their neighborhood, they rarely engage d in visible political behaviors. However, residents who expressed a sense of connection to their neighborhood continued to engage in politics. Those residents who had interpersonal relationships within their residential neighborhood, frequently maintained and sometimes further developed their individual politics, despite and sometimes in response to, personal experiences with residential violence.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44771776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1177/10780874231160611
Timothy P. R. Weaver
,
，
{"title":"An Introduction to Volume 59, Issue 3: Homelessness and Eviction, Gentrification and Neighborhood Change, and Urban Expansion in Chinese Cities","authors":"Timothy P. R. Weaver","doi":"10.1177/10780874231160611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231160611","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44856393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1177/10780874231165776
Irena Baclija Brajnik, L. Kronegger, Vladimir Prebilič
The premise of our research paper is that large (by the size of the population) municipalities are more complex to govern and manage, and this, in turn, calls for a more professional and apolitical local government. Using data from the largest European survey of mayors, we analyzed the influence of mayors and chief administrative officers in Europe and checked for correlations with the size of the local government. We present empirical evidence to support that the perceived influence of mayors varies with the size of the municipality regardless of the institutional configuration of power relationships. We found that very large municipalities (80,000 or more inhabitants) had weaker mayors. The presumption that a larger, more complex local (urban) environment calls for more professional leadership has been addressed in numerous publications; however, the answer was usually beyond the reach of the empirical tests.
{"title":"Depoliticization of Governance in Large Municipalities in Europe","authors":"Irena Baclija Brajnik, L. Kronegger, Vladimir Prebilič","doi":"10.1177/10780874231165776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231165776","url":null,"abstract":"The premise of our research paper is that large (by the size of the population) municipalities are more complex to govern and manage, and this, in turn, calls for a more professional and apolitical local government. Using data from the largest European survey of mayors, we analyzed the influence of mayors and chief administrative officers in Europe and checked for correlations with the size of the local government. We present empirical evidence to support that the perceived influence of mayors varies with the size of the municipality regardless of the institutional configuration of power relationships. We found that very large municipalities (80,000 or more inhabitants) had weaker mayors. The presumption that a larger, more complex local (urban) environment calls for more professional leadership has been addressed in numerous publications; however, the answer was usually beyond the reach of the empirical tests.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1177/10780874231162936
Christopher Giamarino, A. Loukaitou-Sideris
This article focuses on national and local anti-homeless ordinances and investigates emerging spatial banishment strategies and their impacts on unhoused folks’ basic freedoms. First, we review debates on co-existing geographies of punishment and care through theoretical and legal lenses. Focusing on sixteen cities in the United States, we examine categories of anti-homeless ordinances and their evolution in the past two decades. Next, we focus on Los Angeles and use archival research and interviews with activists to examine the expansion of newly emerging anti-homeless spaces. Our research details ad hoc strategies of spatial banishment targeting homelessness. We find that the city represents a fragmented landscape of “no-go-zones” for the unhoused. We posit that the COVID-19 pandemic enabled various spatial banishment strategies and that Los Angeles is neo-revanchist. We advocate for city policies that abolish spatial banishment strategies and respond to the needs of the unhoused.
{"title":"“The Echoes of Echo Park”: Anti-Homeless Ordinances in Neo-Revanchist Cities","authors":"Christopher Giamarino, A. Loukaitou-Sideris","doi":"10.1177/10780874231162936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231162936","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on national and local anti-homeless ordinances and investigates emerging spatial banishment strategies and their impacts on unhoused folks’ basic freedoms. First, we review debates on co-existing geographies of punishment and care through theoretical and legal lenses. Focusing on sixteen cities in the United States, we examine categories of anti-homeless ordinances and their evolution in the past two decades. Next, we focus on Los Angeles and use archival research and interviews with activists to examine the expansion of newly emerging anti-homeless spaces. Our research details ad hoc strategies of spatial banishment targeting homelessness. We find that the city represents a fragmented landscape of “no-go-zones” for the unhoused. We posit that the COVID-19 pandemic enabled various spatial banishment strategies and that Los Angeles is neo-revanchist. We advocate for city policies that abolish spatial banishment strategies and respond to the needs of the unhoused.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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